All Gates Using Universal Gates
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Experiment 3)
NAND & NOR Implementation
5.1 Objectives:
• TodemonstratetheimplementationofadigitalsystemsingNANDandNORgates.
5.2 Background Information :NAND and NOR gates is said to be universal gates because any digital system can beimplementedusingonlyoneofthesegates.
DigitalcircuitsarefrequentlyconstructedwithonlyNANDorNORgates;becausethesegatesareeasiertofabricatewithelectroniccomponents.BecauseoftheimportanceofNANDandNORinthedesign of digital circuits, rules and procedures have been developed for the conversion fromBoolean functions intermsofAND,ORandNOT intoequivalentNANDorNOR logicdiagrams.NANDandNORarecalleduniversalgatesbecauseanydigitalsystemorBooleanfunctioncanbeimplementedwithonlythesegates.
FromDeMorgantheorem,wecanseeotherrepresentationforNANDandNORgatesasfollows:
TwosymbolsforNAND
TwosymbolsforNOR
5.3 Equipment Requires :
Thefollowingequipmentsareneededtoperformalltheprocedures:
UniversalBreadboardJumperwirekit
(1)7400TTLQUAD2-INPUTNANDGATE
(1)7402TTLQUAD2-INPUTNORGATE
(1)7410TTLTRIPLE3-INPUTNANDGATE
(1)7427TTLTRIPLE3-INPUTNORGATE
2xToggleSwitches1xCarbon-filmResistor(470Ω)
1xLED
5.4 Procedure :
1.UsingonlyNANDandNORgatestoimplementallbasiclogicgatesandthenverifyyourresults.
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ImplementationofAND,OR,NOTusingNAND
ImplementationofAND,OR,NOTusingNOR
2.NANDImplementationofBooleanfunctions:
Assumethatallvariablesandtheircomplementsareavailableasinputs. FindtheminimumSOPexpressionofthefunction. Drawthecorrespondingtwo-levelAND-ORcircuitdiagram. ReplaceallgateswithNANDgates;learningthegatesinterconnectionsarekeptunchanged.
Example:
TrytoimplementthefunctionF,fromthepreviousexperiment,usingonlyNANDgates,andthenverifyyourresults.
F=x’y’z+x’yz+xy’
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3.NORImplementationofBooleanfunctions:
Assumethatallvariablesandtheircomplementsareavailableasinputs. FindtheminimumPOSexpressionofthefunction. Drawthecorrespondingtwo-levelOR-ANDcircuitdiagram. ReplaceallgateswithNORgates,learningthegatesinterconnectionsarekeptunchanged.Example:
TrytoimplementthesamefunctionF,usingonlyNORgates,thenverifyyourresults.
F=x’y’z+x’yz+xy’
F’=(x’y’z+x’yz+xy’)’
F’=(x’y’z)’(x’yz)’(xy’)’
F’=(x+y+z’)(x+y’+z’)(x’+y)
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X Y ZResult from theprevious exp
NANDimplementation
NORimplementation
000
001
010
011
100
101
110 111
Questions:
1) ImplementaNORgateusingNANDgates,thenimplementANANDgateusingNORgates?2) Giveasummaryofthepointsyoulearnedfromtheexperiment.