All Aquiver and Poised for Action One Year After the STEP Vaccine
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Transcript of All Aquiver and Poised for Action One Year After the STEP Vaccine
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All Aquiver
and
Poised for Action
One Year After the
STEP Vaccine
CD4 T Cells
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A quick immunology overview
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HIV (or parts of HIV from a vaccine) are
Engulfed by Surveillance Cells
HIV, or vaccine components
Surveillance Cell
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HIV (or parts of HIV from a vaccine) are
Engulfed by Surveillance Cells
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HIV (or parts of HIV from a vaccine) are
Engulfed by Surveillance Cells
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Surveillance Cells Cut Up Virus/Vaccine Parts
into Different Little Bits
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Little Bits of Virus (or Vaccine Parts) are Presented
on the Surface of the Surveillance Cells
EPITOPES
(peptides-
15 amino acids long)
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CD4 T Cells become Excited (all aquiver and poised for
action) when Presented with their Epitope
CD4
CD4
EPITOPE
(peptide)
EPITOPE
(peptide)
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CD4 T Cells are the Conductors of the
Immune Orchestra
CD4
CD4
IL4 cytokine
IL10 cytokine
IL2 cytokine
IFN cytokine
TNF cytokine
(polyfunctional)
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CD4 T Cells are the Conductors of the
Immune Orchestra
CD4
CD4
IL4 cytokine
IL10 cytokine
IL2 cytokine
IFN cytokine
TNF cytokine
Killer Antibodies
CD8Killer CD8
T Cell
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Rationale
WHY CD4?
CD4 T cells help optimize the killing activity of CD8 T cells
CD4 T cells enhance antibody responses
WHY STEP?
Important to work out what went right with this vaccine
regime
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Need to Know Which Parts of the Vaccine
Excited the CD4 T Cells
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Identifying CD4 Epitopes Using Gag Peptide Pools
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10..............111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122
1 2
1&2
24
23
23&24
1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5
2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5
23.1, 23.2, 23.3, 23.4, 23.5
24.1, 24.2, 24.3, 24.4, 24.5, 24.6, 24.7
Single
15mersoverlapping by 11aa 1. MGARASVLSGGELDR (epitope peptide) 2. ASVLSGGELDRWEKI (epitope peptide)
..............
..............
Minipools
Maxipools
Master pool Gag
Gag gene MGARASVLSGGELDRWEKI LTSLRSLFGNDPSSQ............................................................
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A representative example of
identifying the epitope that elicited
a Gag-specific CD4 T cell response one
year post STEP vaccination
(PTID 13837)
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Gag-specific CD4
epitope mapping
IFN
-
IL-2
DMSO Gag Master Pool
Gag Maxipool 1&2 Gag Maxipool 9&10
Gag Maxipool 21&22 Gag Maxipool 23&24
Pool Positive?
Gag Master
Maxipool 1&2
3&4
5&6
7&8
9&10
11&12
13&14
15&16
17&18
19&20
21&22
23&24
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To Investigate Gag Maxipool 21 & 22
Overlapping
15mer Peptides
Positive?
21.1
21.2
21.3
21.4
21.5
22.1
22.2
22.3
22.4
22.5
We need to test the participant’s CD4 cells with the 10, single 15mer peptides that make up this Maxipool
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To Investigate Gag Maxipool 21 & 22
IFN
-
DMSO
Gag single 15mer 22.2
TNF-IL-2
Gag single 15mer peptide, 22.2, elicits no more CD4 response than the DMSO negative control, therefore is negative.
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IFN
-
IL-2 TNF-
DMSO
Gag single 15mer 22.3
To Investigate Gag Maxipool 21 & 22
Gag single 15mer peptide, 22.3, elicits a higher, CD4 response than the DMSO negative control, therefore is positive.
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To Investigate Gag Maxipool 21 & 22
IFN
-
IL-2 TNF-
DMSO
Gag single 15mer 22.4
Gag single 15mer peptide, 22.4, elicits a higher, CD4 response than the DMSO negative control, therefore is positive.
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IFN
-
IL-2 TNF-
DMSO
Gag single 15mer 22.5
To Investigate Gag Maxipool 21 & 22
Gag single 15mer peptide, 22.5, elicits no more CD4 response than the DMSO negative control, therefore is negative.
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To Investigate Gag Maxipool 21 & 22
Overlapping
15mer Peptides
Positive?
21.1
21.2
21.3
21.4
21.5
22.1
22.2
22.3
22.4
22.5
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PTID 13837’s CD4 T Cell Gag Epitope
R429QANFLGKIWPSHKGRPGN447
Gag gene
Gag 15mer peptide 22.3
Gag 15mer peptide 22.4
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Relative Positions of Gag CD4 Epitopes
Gag gene
(293)
(297)
(297)
(261)(73)
(41)
(37)(429)
(477)
(465)
(465)
(477)
(373)
(385)
(481)
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Cytokine Profile of Epitope-Specific CD4 T Cells
One Year Post Vaccination
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This participant had a vaccine-induced CD4 T cell
response to Gag epitope 24.5 and 24.6
(from maxipool 23 & 24).
This participant then became infected with HIV.
Will this vaccine-induced response still be
dominant after infection?
Vaccinated PTID 9952
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Infected, vaccinated PTID 9952
one year post vaccination
9952 CD4 Gag Responses IFN & IL2 & TNF
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
Stimulant
An
tig
en
Sp
ec
ific
CD
4 T
Ce
ll R
es
po
ns
e (
%)
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Infected, vaccinated PTID 9952
one year post vaccination
9952 CD4 Gag Responses IFN & IL2 & TNF
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
Stimulant
An
tig
en
Sp
ec
ific
CD
4 T
Ce
ll R
es
po
ns
e (
%)
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Conclusion Low, vaccine-induced Gag-specific CD4 T cell responses were
identified, at one year post vaccination, in uninfected participants in the STEP vaccine trial
Two responses in some participants
Epitopes located along entire length of Gag gene
Most common Gag-specific CD4 T cell response at one year post vaccination was the release of two cytokines, IL2 and TNF – degree of polyfunctionality.
Some vaccine-induced CD4 responses dominate after infection
Overall, data suggests utility of these vaccine-induced, CD4 T cell responses.
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Acknowledgements
Trial participants and the CAB
Repository technicians
SAL
Endpoints
Evan Thomas and Janice Chen
Nicole Frahm
Steve de Rosa
Julie McElrath
National Health & Medical Research Council (NHMRC), Australia