All About RosesAll About RosesBy: Duane DeDeneBy: Duane DeDene

IntroductionIntroduction

Origins and Types of RoseOrigins and Types of Rose What to Look For When Purchasing a RoseWhat to Look For When Purchasing a Rose How to Plant a RoseHow to Plant a Rose Spring and Summer CareSpring and Summer Care Insects and Diseases ID and ControlInsects and Diseases ID and Control Pruning of RosesPruning of Roses Question and AnswerQuestion and Answer

Origins & Types of RosesOrigins & Types of Roses

Hybrid TeaHybrid Tea

Most popular of modern rose typesMost popular of modern rose types The classic rose The classic rose Usually single stems but – Usually single stems but – sometimes side budssometimes side buds

Large blooms with typically between 30 & Large blooms with typically between 30 & 50 petals per bloom – 50 petals per bloom – but can be as few as 5but can be as few as 5

BrigadoonBrigadoon

Dainty BessDainty Bess

Touch of ClassTouch of Class

PeacePeace

GeminiGemini

FloribundaFloribunda

Bears flowers in large clusters – Bears flowers in large clusters – usually more usually more than one bloom in flower at a timethan one bloom in flower at a time

Massive, colorful, long lasting displaysMassive, colorful, long lasting displays Blooms more continuous than HTBlooms more continuous than HT Hardier than HTHardier than HT Better in wet weatherBetter in wet weather Easier to care for than HTEasier to care for than HT

EuropeanaEuropeana

LavaglutLavaglut

PlaygirlPlaygirl

Bill WarrinerBill Warriner

GrandifloraGrandiflora

Cross between Hybrid Tea & FloribundaCross between Hybrid Tea & Floribunda Bears single blooms of HT quality Bears single blooms of HT quality Bears clusters of blooms – 3 to 5 bloomsBears clusters of blooms – 3 to 5 blooms Blooms have classic HT shapeBlooms have classic HT shape Queen Elizabeth – the first and very good Queen Elizabeth – the first and very good

Grandiflora varietyGrandiflora variety

CandelabraCandelabra

CaribbeanCaribbean

Gold MedalGold Medal

LoveLove

Shrub/EnglishShrub/English

Known for their hardinessKnown for their hardiness Produce large quantities of clusters of Produce large quantities of clusters of

flowersflowers Includes the David Austin English rosesIncludes the David Austin English roses Becoming more and more popularBecoming more and more popular

BonicaBonica

Morden BlushMorden Blush

The PrinceThe Prince

Sharifa AsmaSharifa Asma

MiniatureMiniature

Hybrid Tea Form in miniature sizeHybrid Tea Form in miniature size Miniature refers to the bloom not Miniature refers to the bloom not

necessarily the bushnecessarily the bush Versatile – garden, pots/patiosVersatile – garden, pots/patios Own root stockOwn root stock Easy to grow Easy to grow

Black JadeBlack Jade

Hot TamaleHot Tamale

IncognitoIncognito

PlaygoldPlaygold

Tangerine TwistTangerine Twist

Purchasing a RosePurchasing a Rose

What to Look ForWhat to Look For Field Grown – 2 years oldField Grown – 2 years old Grade 1 (first choice), maybe Grade 1 ½, never Grade 2 Grade 1 (first choice), maybe Grade 1 ½, never Grade 2

– American Nursery Standards – based on the size & – American Nursery Standards – based on the size & number of canesnumber of canes

ARS Rating – 7.5 or higher – the higher the rating the ARS Rating – 7.5 or higher – the higher the rating the better the rosebetter the rose

Canes should be bright green, no splits in bark Canes should be bright green, no splits in bark Leaves should be dark green, no signs of diseaseLeaves should be dark green, no signs of disease Three or more canes – each at ½” diameterThree or more canes – each at ½” diameter Grafted or Own Root – that is the questionGrafted or Own Root – that is the question

PackagingPackaging Bare Root – from mail order, wide variety Bare Root – from mail order, wide variety Potted – found in nurseries, bare root but with a head startPotted – found in nurseries, bare root but with a head start Boxed – found in nurseries, Jackson Perkins, do not plant the box, Boxed – found in nurseries, Jackson Perkins, do not plant the box,

treat as bare root, purchase early in the seasontreat as bare root, purchase early in the season Plastic Bag – found in nurseries, discounters, typically non-patented Plastic Bag – found in nurseries, discounters, typically non-patented

varieties, treat as bare root, questionable valuevarieties, treat as bare root, questionable value

Garden BedGarden Bed Raised or Ground Beds (do not use creosote preserved boards for garden Raised or Ground Beds (do not use creosote preserved boards for garden

borders)borders) Minimum of 6 hours full sun – the more the betterMinimum of 6 hours full sun – the more the better Well drainedWell drained Sandy Loam Soil mixed with organics (well rotted manure, peat. compost)Sandy Loam Soil mixed with organics (well rotted manure, peat. compost)

Planting Bare Root RosesPlanting Bare Root Roses Plant soon after receivingPlant soon after receiving Soak plant 24 hrs prior to plantingSoak plant 24 hrs prior to planting Remove damaged canes and rootsRemove damaged canes and roots Prune canes and extra long roots Prune canes and extra long roots

as neededas needed Dig hole deep enough so bud Dig hole deep enough so bud

union is 2” to 3” below final soil union is 2” to 3” below final soil surfacesurface

Dig wide enough to easily fit rootsDig wide enough to easily fit roots Make soil cone for rootsMake soil cone for roots Fill hole ½ with soil and use fingers Fill hole ½ with soil and use fingers

to tamp (not fist)to tamp (not fist) Water and let settleWater and let settle Fill remainder of hole and waterFill remainder of hole and water Cover new plant with soil or paper Cover new plant with soil or paper

bag for 2 to 3 weeks – gently bag for 2 to 3 weeks – gently uncoveruncover

Planting Potted RosesPlanting Potted Roses Water rose well the night before Water rose well the night before

planting to ensure a moist root ballplanting to ensure a moist root ball Most potted roses are planted high Most potted roses are planted high

in the pot (bud union above the soil) in the pot (bud union above the soil) - Dig hole deeper than the pot so - Dig hole deeper than the pot so bud union is 2”-3” below final soil bud union is 2”-3” below final soil levellevel

Dig hole 2-3 times wider than the potDig hole 2-3 times wider than the pot Set pot in hole to check depthSet pot in hole to check depth Gently tap entire root ball out of the Gently tap entire root ball out of the

pot and set in holepot and set in hole Fill ½ of hole with prepared soil, Fill ½ of hole with prepared soil,

water in and let settlewater in and let settle Fill remaining hole with soil to final Fill remaining hole with soil to final

level, water in and let settlelevel, water in and let settle No need to mound as the rose bush No need to mound as the rose bush

has already been preparedhas already been prepared

Spring & Summer CareSpring & Summer Care

PruningPruningFertilizingFertilizingWateringWateringInsects and Diseases – ID and ControlInsects and Diseases – ID and Control

Pruning of RosesPruning of RosesTypesTypes Spring – typically more severeSpring – typically more severe Maintenance – dead heading, shapingMaintenance – dead heading, shaping Thumb – removing unwanted buds to enhance remaining bloomsThumb – removing unwanted buds to enhance remaining blooms

ProcedureProcedure Use sharp bypass (scissor type) prunersUse sharp bypass (scissor type) pruners Cut at 45 deg angle approx. ¼” above outside facing bud or 5 leaflet Cut at 45 deg angle approx. ¼” above outside facing bud or 5 leaflet Center of cane (pith) should be creamy white/greenish white (not brown)Center of cane (pith) should be creamy white/greenish white (not brown) Seal cuts with weather proof Elmers glueSeal cuts with weather proof Elmers glue Remove dead and damaged canesRemove dead and damaged canes Remove crossing canesRemove crossing canes Open up the center of the bush for better air circulationOpen up the center of the bush for better air circulation Remove weak and spindly growth – puts energy into good canesRemove weak and spindly growth – puts energy into good canes

Typical Pruning CutTypical Pruning Cut

Fertilizing & WateringFertilizing & WateringFertilizationFertilization

Important to have soil tested to determine what is neededImportant to have soil tested to determine what is needed Roses are heavy feedersRoses are heavy feeders Apply between April and end of August – none after August 31Apply between April and end of August – none after August 31stst, helps rose , helps rose

slow growth and prepare for winterslow growth and prepare for winter TypesTypes

General or SpecificGeneral or Specific Chemical or OrganicChemical or Organic Granular or LiquidGranular or Liquid Immediate or Time ReleaseImmediate or Time Release

WateringWatering

Roses don’t like wet feet – 1-inch water (rain or irrigation) per week If possible water early in the day – allows leaves to dry helping prevent

sunscald and spreading of fungal diseases Apply water at base of bush. However, overhead watering is OK Water deeply allowing water to soak down to roots

Insects & DiseasesInsects & DiseasesIdentification and ControlIdentification and Control

AphidsAphids

Ways to ControlWays to Control

Wipe off with your fingers Wipe off with your fingers

Water spray with the Water spray with the hosehose

Use insecticideUse insecticide

Japanese BeetlesJapanese Beetles

Ways to ControlWays to Control

Pick them off by handPick them off by hand

Use insecticideUse insecticide

Don’t use trapsDon’t use traps

Rose SlugsRose Slugs

Ways to controlWays to control

Pick off by handPick off by hand

Use insecticideUse insecticide

Flower ThripFlower Thrip Very small (0.12 cm) sucking insectVery small (0.12 cm) sucking insect Attack mainly the flow bud and Attack mainly the flow bud and

bloom – petals turn brown or get bloom – petals turn brown or get brown spots/streaksbrown spots/streaks

Light colored (white, yellows, Light colored (white, yellows, apricot) roses seem most attractive apricot) roses seem most attractive

Remove and dispose of infested Remove and dispose of infested bloomsblooms

Can use insecticides but need to Can use insecticides but need to get early and must take care if on get early and must take care if on open flowers to get inside the open flowers to get inside the bloombloom

Multiple applications may be Multiple applications may be needed for controlneeded for control

Leaf Cutter BeeLeaf Cutter Bee

Harmless – purely aestheticHarmless – purely aesthetic

BlackspotBlackspotVery common rose diseaseVery common rose disease

Prevention & ControlPrevention & Control Clean Garden – remove leaf Clean Garden – remove leaf

litter etc. from around plantslitter etc. from around plants Clean bush – remove bottom Clean bush – remove bottom

leaves up about 3-4 inches, leaves up about 3-4 inches, Mulch around bushesMulch around bushes Maintain good air circulationMaintain good air circulation Spray roses with fungicide on Spray roses with fungicide on

regular basis – 10 day intervalsregular basis – 10 day intervals Remove infected leaves – Remove infected leaves – do do

not put in compost not put in compost

Powdery MildewPowdery Mildew

Prevention & ControlPrevention & Control Clean Garden – remove leaf Clean Garden – remove leaf

litter etc. from around plantslitter etc. from around plants Clean bush – remove bottom Clean bush – remove bottom

leaves up about 3-4 inches, leaves up about 3-4 inches, Mulch around bushesMulch around bushes Maintain good air circulationMaintain good air circulation Spray roses with fungicide on Spray roses with fungicide on

regular basis – 10 day regular basis – 10 day intervalsintervals

Remove infected leaves – Remove infected leaves – do do not put in compost not put in compost

Rose Mosaic VirusRose Mosaic VirusPrevention & ControlPrevention & Control Purchase rose bushes from Purchase rose bushes from

reputable dealers only – reputable dealers only – quality bushesquality bushes

Seldom lethal to the bushSeldom lethal to the bush Reduces plant vigor and Reduces plant vigor and

increases sensitivity to winter increases sensitivity to winter killkill

Foliage mottling detracts from Foliage mottling detracts from overall plantoverall plant

Symptoms can come and goSymptoms can come and go No cure – remove plant from No cure – remove plant from

gardengarden

Questions and AnswersQuestions and AnswersEvaluationEvaluation