ALL ABOUT AZTECSALL ABOUT AZTECS

Your goal today is to be able to Your goal today is to be able to define: Aztecs, Tenochtitlan, define: Aztecs, Tenochtitlan,

Hernan Cortes, and Montezuma. Hernan Cortes, and Montezuma. You should also be able to describe You should also be able to describe the encounter and consequences the encounter and consequences

of the conflict between the Spanish of the conflict between the Spanish and the Aztecs. Finally, you will be and the Aztecs. Finally, you will be

required to describe the Aztec required to describe the Aztec culture and tell how Cortes and culture and tell how Cortes and Montezuma affected the Aztecs.Montezuma affected the Aztecs.

WELCOME TO THE AZTECSWELCOME TO THE AZTECS

THEIR LOCATIONTHEIR LOCATION

The Aztecs were a great nation of The Aztecs were a great nation of nomadic warriors who traveled nomadic warriors who traveled

Mexico about 700 years ago in search of a land to call their own.

THE EAGLE AND THE SNAKETHE EAGLE AND THE SNAKE

The Aztec chief had a dream in The Aztec chief had a dream in which their God appeared to him which their God appeared to him and declared that the and declared that the Aztecs Aztecs would would build a great nation where the Eagle build a great nation where the Eagle with a snake in its talons lands on a with a snake in its talons lands on a

cactus. cactus.

THE ISLAND IN THE LAKETHE ISLAND IN THE LAKE

The warriors searched for many days and The warriors searched for many days and came upon a lake. They were tired and came upon a lake. They were tired and hungry. They gazed out upon the lake hungry. They gazed out upon the lake and guess what they saw. Exactly!! A and guess what they saw. Exactly!! A

huge eagle swooped down and grabbed huge eagle swooped down and grabbed a snake in its talons and landed on a a snake in its talons and landed on a cactus that was on an island in the cactus that was on an island in the

middle of the lake.middle of the lake.

GREAT BUILDERSGREAT BUILDERS

The Aztecs began to build a great nation in The Aztecs began to build a great nation in the middle of a huge lake. They named the middle of a huge lake. They named

their city, Tenochtitlan. It has been their city, Tenochtitlan. It has been likened to Venice because of its great likened to Venice because of its great

gardens and streams. They traveled by gardens and streams. They traveled by boat much like in Venice. It was a city boat much like in Venice. It was a city

built of gold.built of gold.

THE AZTEC EDUCATIONTHE AZTEC EDUCATION

The Aztecs were very The Aztecs were very educated. They were the educated. They were the

first to create an first to create an advanced calendar that advanced calendar that

is more accurate than our is more accurate than our own. They performed own. They performed

brain surgery. They were brain surgery. They were great in mathematics, great in mathematics, architecture, building, architecture, building, astronomy, medicine, astronomy, medicine, surgery, and farming. surgery, and farming.

THE AZTEC RELIGIONTHE AZTEC RELIGION

The Aztecs were very The Aztecs were very religious people. They religious people. They

worshipped many worshipped many gods. They had a god gods. They had a god for almost everything. for almost everything. The Aztecs believed The Aztecs believed that the moon and that the moon and the sun were gods. the sun were gods.

They thought that the They thought that the moon and the sun did moon and the sun did

battle every night battle every night and day.and day.

THE AZTECS GODSTHE AZTECS GODSThe Aztecs believed The Aztecs believed

that in order to that in order to give the Sun power give the Sun power to defeat the moon to defeat the moon

and rise each and rise each morning, the Sun morning, the Sun must have a blood must have a blood

sacrifice. They sacrifice. They believed they must believed they must sacrifice a beating sacrifice a beating heart everyday.heart everyday.

THE AZTEC SACRIFICESTHE AZTEC SACRIFICES

The Aztecs were forced to be at constant The Aztecs were forced to be at constant war to obtain prisoners to sacrifice. war to obtain prisoners to sacrifice.

They captured them and held them for They captured them and held them for daily sacrifice. They were placed on a daily sacrifice. They were placed on a bench and their heart was cut out and bench and their heart was cut out and placed in a stone statue of Chac-mool.placed in a stone statue of Chac-mool.

THE AZTEC WARFARETHE AZTEC WARFARE

The Aztecs were The Aztecs were feared and feared and

hated by all of hated by all of the other the other

Indian tribes of Indian tribes of Mexico. Mexico.

THE ARRIVAL OF THE THE ARRIVAL OF THE SPANISHSPANISH

A man by the name of A man by the name of Hernán Cortez had Hernán Cortez had

heard of the heard of the infamous Aztecs. The infamous Aztecs. The

Spanish were Spanish were experiencing gold experiencing gold fever and Hernán fever and Hernán Cortez agreed to Cortez agreed to

come to the come to the Americas and Americas and

conquer the Aztecs conquer the Aztecs and steal their gold.and steal their gold.

THE CONQUEST OF THE THE CONQUEST OF THE AZTECSAZTECS

The Spanish conquistadors landed in The Spanish conquistadors landed in Mexico with approximately 300 men Mexico with approximately 300 men and 40 horses. They traveled Mexico and 40 horses. They traveled Mexico

and met with the Indians. Upon and met with the Indians. Upon hearing how fierce the Aztecs were, hearing how fierce the Aztecs were,

Cortez’ men became scared and Cortez’ men became scared and wished to return to Spain. Cortez wished to return to Spain. Cortez

became more greedy and burned his became more greedy and burned his ships. This forced his men to fight or ships. This forced his men to fight or

die.die.

THE AZTEC TRAITORTHE AZTEC TRAITOR

Another Indian tribe Another Indian tribe gave Cortez a woman gave Cortez a woman slave by the name of slave by the name of

Malinche. She had Malinche. She had been captured as a been captured as a child by the Mayas. child by the Mayas.

She was an Aztec and She was an Aztec and spoke many different spoke many different languages because languages because

she had been traded she had been traded by many different by many different

Indian tribes.Indian tribes.

THE COMING OF THE AZTEC THE COMING OF THE AZTEC GODGOD

Malinche became Malinche became infatuated with infatuated with

Cortez because he Cortez because he was the first was the first

person to treat her person to treat her nicely in many nicely in many years. She told years. She told Cortez that the Cortez that the

Aztecs were Aztecs were awaiting their god, awaiting their god,

Quetzalcoatl, to Quetzalcoatl, to return this year.return this year.

THE MEETINGTHE MEETING

According to Aztec According to Aztec legend, a tall white legend, a tall white man had appeared man had appeared

and ruled and left the and ruled and left the Aztecs after promising Aztecs after promising to return in 100 years to return in 100 years

to rule them again. to rule them again. Hernán Cortez was Hernán Cortez was

Spanish. He was a tall Spanish. He was a tall white man and he white man and he

came to Tenochtitlan came to Tenochtitlan that exact year. that exact year.

MONTEZUMAMONTEZUMA

Hernán Cortez Hernán Cortez presented presented

himself to the himself to the Aztec leader, Aztec leader, Montezuma, Montezuma,

and claimed to and claimed to be their be their

returning God.returning God.

THE END OF THE AZTECSTHE END OF THE AZTECS

Montezuma gave the Montezuma gave the Spaniards gifts of Spaniards gifts of

gold and welcomed gold and welcomed them to his city. them to his city. The Aztecs had The Aztecs had

never before seen never before seen horses and guns horses and guns

and wept with fear. and wept with fear. They believed They believed

Hernán Cortez to Hernán Cortez to be their long lost be their long lost

god. god.

HERNAN CORTEZHERNAN CORTEZHernan Cortez and his men killed Hernan Cortez and his men killed

Montezuma. The Aztecs were Montezuma. The Aztecs were horrified. They had given an enemy horrified. They had given an enemy a key to the city. As they debated a key to the city. As they debated on whether Hernan was actually a on whether Hernan was actually a god, disease spread throughout god, disease spread throughout Tenochtitlan. One third of the Tenochtitlan. One third of the

Indians were stricken and died of Indians were stricken and died of small pox. The great Indian nation small pox. The great Indian nation

was weakened by disease and was weakened by disease and without a leader. without a leader.

THE GREAT BATTLETHE GREAT BATTLE

The Aztecs decided to kill the The Aztecs decided to kill the Spaniards; however, they were sick Spaniards; however, they were sick with disease and without a leader. with disease and without a leader.

Still the Spaniards were out Still the Spaniards were out numbered one thousand to one. The numbered one thousand to one. The Spanish then sent out messages to Spanish then sent out messages to

the other Indian tribes who hated the the other Indian tribes who hated the Aztecs, telling them that they had Aztecs, telling them that they had conquered the city and killed the conquered the city and killed the

leader. The other Indian tribes saw leader. The other Indian tribes saw this as an opportunity to be rid of the this as an opportunity to be rid of the

Aztecs and came to help. Aztecs and came to help.

WHAT TO DO WITH THE WHAT TO DO WITH THE GOLD?GOLD?

The Aztecs quickly realized that they The Aztecs quickly realized that they had no leadership. They were had no leadership. They were

becoming sick with small pox and becoming sick with small pox and more and more other Indian tribes more and more other Indian tribes were coming to help the Spanish. were coming to help the Spanish.

While some were fighting the While some were fighting the Spaniards, the Aztec people, men, Spaniards, the Aztec people, men, women, and children worked and women, and children worked and

gathered up the gold throughout the gathered up the gold throughout the city and piled it into boats. One by one city and piled it into boats. One by one they sunk those boats into the lake. they sunk those boats into the lake.

MEXICO CITYMEXICO CITY

The bulk of the Aztec gold was lost to The bulk of the Aztec gold was lost to the world. The great Aztec Empire fell. the world. The great Aztec Empire fell. Mexico then built a great city on the Mexico then built a great city on the site which used to be Tenochtitlan. site which used to be Tenochtitlan. Mexico City stands where the great Mexico City stands where the great

Aztec city once lay. The gold is Aztec city once lay. The gold is underneath Mexico City, which is underneath Mexico City, which is

currently the largest city in the world. currently the largest city in the world. The Aztec symbol is proudly flown on The Aztec symbol is proudly flown on

the Mexican flag and today the the Mexican flag and today the Mexican people view the Aztecs and Mexican people view the Aztecs and

not Cortez as national heroes.not Cortez as national heroes.

CLOSING ACTIVITYCLOSING ACTIVITY

Throughout today’s lesson you Throughout today’s lesson you learned of the origin and the learned of the origin and the destruction of the Aztec people. How destruction of the Aztec people. How do you feel after listening to the do you feel after listening to the story of how the Aztecs were story of how the Aztecs were conquered? How do you feel about conquered? How do you feel about the methods used by Cortes’ and his the methods used by Cortes’ and his followers? Explain your answer.followers? Explain your answer.

All About the IncasAll About the Incas

Your goal today is to be able to Your goal today is to be able to define the following key concepts: define the following key concepts:

Incas, Francisco Pizzaro, and Incas, Francisco Pizzaro, and Atahualpa. You should be able to Atahualpa. You should be able to

describe the encounter and describe the encounter and consequences of the conflict consequences of the conflict

between the Spanish and the Incas. between the Spanish and the Incas.

Who were the Inca?Who were the Inca? The Inca built their empire The Inca built their empire in South America.in South America. They started out as a small They started out as a small clan that conquered nearby peoples.clan that conquered nearby peoples. Cuzco became their capital city Cuzco became their capital city around the year 1200 CE.around the year 1200 CE. After a series of emperors, the Inca After a series of emperors, the Inca expanded throughout the Andes Mountain region.expanded throughout the Andes Mountain region. They had an empire of over 12 million people living in They had an empire of over 12 million people living in

present day Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, present day Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, and Argentina.and Argentina.

The Inca originally did not have written records. Their The Inca originally did not have written records. Their history was passed down orally until the Spanish history was passed down orally until the Spanish conquest.conquest.

Making a LivingMaking a Living

The Inca economy was based on The Inca economy was based on agriculture.agriculture.

Most Inca were farmers.Most Inca were farmers.They cultivated crops of corn, They cultivated crops of corn,

potatoes, squash, tomatoes, chili potatoes, squash, tomatoes, chili peppers, and cotton.peppers, and cotton.

The Inca also raised animals such as The Inca also raised animals such as dogs, guinea pigs, and alpacas.dogs, guinea pigs, and alpacas.

Incan Social StructureIncan Social Structure

The Inca had a rigid social structure.The Inca had a rigid social structure.They were divided into two main They were divided into two main

classes: nobles and farmers.classes: nobles and farmers.The farmers were the common The farmers were the common

people and were divide into ayullu. people and were divide into ayullu. The ayullu were groups of families The ayullu were groups of families that lived together and shared crops, that lived together and shared crops, animals, and land. The Inca stayed in animals, and land. The Inca stayed in the ayullu for life.the ayullu for life.

Incan GovernmentIncan Government

The Inca government was very developed.The Inca government was very developed. At the top was the emperor, who was At the top was the emperor, who was

believed to be a descendant of the sun believed to be a descendant of the sun god.god.

The emperor ruled with the help of The emperor ruled with the help of bureaucrats, people who carried out bureaucrats, people who carried out orders. Many nobles worked with the orders. Many nobles worked with the emperor to carry out military and religious emperor to carry out military and religious matters. Their government system also matters. Their government system also included governors and district governors.included governors and district governors.

The Conquest of the IncasThe Conquest of the Incas 10 years after 10 years after

conquest of Aztecs, conquest of Aztecs, Francisco Pizzaro led Francisco Pizzaro led expedition to Peruexpedition to Peru

Pizzaro heard of Pizzaro heard of fabulous wealth of fabulous wealth of Inca Empire; hoped to Inca Empire; hoped to win wealth for himselfwin wealth for himself

Inca Empire already Inca Empire already weakened by weakened by smallpox; many killed, smallpox; many killed, including emperorincluding emperor

Civil war had also Civil war had also broken outbroken out

1532, new ruler, 1532, new ruler, Atahualpa, agreed to Atahualpa, agreed to meet with Spanishmeet with Spanish

Pizarro demanded Pizarro demanded Atahualpa accept Atahualpa accept Christianity, AND hand Christianity, AND hand over the empire to Spainover the empire to Spain

Atahualpa refusedAtahualpa refused Spanish killed Spanish killed

Atahualpa, destroyed Atahualpa, destroyed Inca army, and took over Inca army, and took over the Inca empirethe Inca empire

Correction and Correction and Addition Addition

Population=Over!!! Population=Over!!! 10 million10 million

Aztec pyramids were used as Aztec pyramids were used as templestemples

The Colombian The Colombian ExchangeExchange

Columbian ExchangeColumbian ExchangeWhat was it????What was it????

The widespread exchange The widespread exchange of plants, animals, food, of plants, animals, food, humans, disease and ideas.humans, disease and ideas.

Began with European arrival Began with European arrival to the Western Hemisphere.to the Western Hemisphere.

Columbian ExchangeColumbian Exchange

AmericasAmericas PotatoesPotatoes BeansBeans Maize (corn)Maize (corn) TomatoesTomatoes turkeysturkeys

EuropeEurope Wheat Wheat RiceRice SugarSugar BananasBananas PigsPigs HorsesHorses CattleCattle GodGod diseasesdiseases

Animal ExchangeAnimal ExchangeL.A. had no large L.A. had no large

domesticateddomesticated animals animals

except for llamas.except for llamas.

UNTIL THIS TIME, THERE UNTIL THIS TIME, THERE WERE NO HORSES IN THE WERE NO HORSES IN THE AMERICAS. AMERICAS.

Animal ExchangeAnimal ExchangeBig impact on Big impact on land use, land use,

economies and lifestyles.economies and lifestyles.

The imported animals The imported animals became the center of Latin became the center of Latin America livestock industry.America livestock industry.

SLAVERY COMES TO AMERICASLAVERY COMES TO AMERICA

European officials governed European officials governed American holdings.American holdings.

Disease and mistreatment Disease and mistreatment reduced the native population.reduced the native population.

Reformers recommended Reformers recommended replacing Native American replacing Native American laborers with imported African laborers with imported African slaves.slaves.

African SlaveryAfrican Slavery

Spain took slaves to the Spain took slaves to the Caribbean.Caribbean.

Portugal took slaves to Brazil.Portugal took slaves to Brazil.Cultural Influence (voodoo Cultural Influence (voodoo

religion, mulattos, music, religion, mulattos, music, dance and art.dance and art.