Understanding the Meaning of Healthy Eating for Mexican American Children and the Nurses' Role:

The First Step to Culturally Congruent Care

Alicia K. Ribar, PhD, CNP

AcknowledgementsRick Zoucha, PhD, APRN-BC, CTN- A Associate Professor Dissertation Chair

Melanie Turk, PhD, RNAssistant ProfessorInternal Committee Member

Jill Kilanowski, PhD, CPNPAssistant Professor, Nurse Scientist Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterExternal Committee Member

Purpose

To understand the meaning and cultural influences of healthy eating and the role of nursing in the promotion of healthy eating practices from the Mexican American child’s point of view.

Significance for Nursing

Healthy eating is important for acquiring and maintaining good health.

To provide a personal perspective of what it means and the held beliefs of healthy eating.

Provides a basis for care that is pertinent and valued within the population

Summary of Literature Review

17% of children aged of 6 and 19 years are currently overweight.

In Mexican American children 21% are overweight.

Vast interventional and behavioral studies demonstrate that obesity has a dramatic affect on health.

Culturally specific interventions have only just begun to emerge.

Research Questions

What is the meaning of healthy eating in eleven to thirteen year old Mexican American children?

What are the cultural influences of healthy eating for eleven to thirteen year old Mexican American children?

What is the role of the nurse in promoting healthy eating for eleven to thirteen year old Mexican American children?

Study Design

An ethnography method was utilized because ethnography research seeks to understand a group or cultural phenomena from a personal perspective.

A focused ethnography studies a specific behavior within a particular cultural group.

Setting

The site for the study was a suburban setting located near a major central Ohio city.

The population in the area is approximately 25,000 people.

Of which 3.3% report Mexican heritage.

Informants

Informants were Mexican American children aged eleven to thirteen years.

A total of twenty-one informants meeting the study criteria were interviewed.

The snowball method was used for further identification of study informants.

Data Analysis

Data gathering and data analysis occurred concurrently.

Leininger’s four phases of qualitative data analysis and NVivo9 qualitative data management software was used for the study.

Findings

Leininger’s four phases of data analysis revealed twelve categories, five patterns and three cultural themes consistent with the domain of inquiry.

This sections focuses on pattern and theme revealing the role of nursing.

Pattern

Pattern that the role of the nurse is not familiar to Mexican American children.

“Nurses are nice, if I knew them I could ask them about eating – I guess...do they do that kind of thing?”

Theme Three

Sources of food and health information education are valued when provided by familiar and trusted sources.

“I learn about the most important things from my family or teachers I trust. I want to learn from them, I respect adults but really listen to the ones I trust the most.”

Implications of the Study

Education & Practice Establishing a rapport with clients is not a new concept to nursing. For the school nurse, this study highlights the need for increased interaction and exposure to the student populations. The nurse needs to become familiar to the population and provide a basis of recognition to establish the trusting relationship identified as important to the informants in this study.

Thank You

Questions and Discussion