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eria Alg

Fact File Geography Position and FeaturesRelief Features 3 6 7

VegetationWildlifeCultivation and Animal RearingAgriculture891011FishingEconomyProvincesDemographic trends and Occupation12131415

CultureTransportationGallery161718

ContentsTopicSlide No.

Full name:The People's Democratic Republic of Algeria.

Capital and largest city :Algiers, 3,917,000 (metro. area).

Area:2.4 million sq km (919,595 sq miles).

Ethnicity: Arab-Berber 99%, European less than 1% .

National Holiday: Revolution Day, November 1.

Total area:919,590 sq mi(2,381,741 sq km).Major religion:Islam.

President:Abdel-Aziz Bouteflika (1999).

Prime Minister:Ahmed Ouyahia (2008).

Population (2010 est.): 35.7 million .

Other large cities:Oran, Constantine, Batna, Annaba.

Major languages:Arabic (official), French, Berber.

Monetary unit:1 Algerian Dinar = 100 Centimes.

Fact File

Abdel-Aziz BouteflikaThehand of Fatima, a traditional symbol of the region, appears in front of theAtlas Mountains, below a rising sun representing a new era. Buildings stand for industry and plants for agriculture. Emblem:

The Algerian Flag:

White - peace and honesty.Green - hope, joy and love and in many cultures have a sacred significance.The color green on the Algerian flag is a traditional symbol of the state religion of Islam.

AlgiersIn Salah

Motto:" "(Arabic) ."By the people and for the people" .Anthem:" "(Arabic). We Pledge.

National Bird :Oiseaux DalgereNational Animal :Fennec

Geographical Position and FeaturesIn terms of land area, Algeria is the largest country on theMediterranean Sea, the second largest on theAfricancontinent afterSudan, and the eleventh-largest country in the world. Nearly four times the size of Texas, Algeria is bordered by Morocco and Western Sahara at its west and Libya to its east. Algeria is bordered by Tunisia at northeast and the Mediterranean Sea at Algerias north. To the southwest are Mauritania and Mali, and to the southeast its Niger . Algeria, officially thePeople's Democratic Republic of Algeriaalso formally referred to as theDemocratic and Popular Republic of Algeria , is a country inNorth Africa.The country supplies large amounts of natural gas to Europe. Energy exports are the backbone of the economy thanks to the good geographical position.The Sahara desert which covers more than four-fifths (85%) of the land is almost completely uninhabited. Oil and gas reserves were discovered in the 1950s. The highest point is Mount Tahat in the Sahara, which rises 3,000 m (9,850 ft). Total area:919,590 sq mi (2,381,741 sq km).

Raster graphicsdata of Algeria. Relief FeaturesMost of the coastal area is hilly, sometimes even mountainous, and there are a few naturalharbours. The area from the coast to theTell Atlasis fertile. In this region the winter days and nights are cool to chilly. Rainfall is fairly abundant along the coastal part of the Tell Atlas, ranging from 400 to 670 mm annually, the amount of precipitation increasing from west to east.Algeria is divided topographically into three main regions that generally run east-west. They are the :High Plateaus , Tell and the Sahara. Mountainous areas subject to severe earthquakes, mud slides.Climate: Arid to semiarid; mild, wet winters with hot, dry summers along coast; drier with cold winters and hot summers on high plateau; a hot, dusts and-laden wind called sirocco is especially common in summer.Precipitationis heaviest in the northern part of eastern Algeria, where it reaches as much as 1,000mm in some years.TheAhaggar Mountains, also known as the Hoggar, are a highland region in centralof the capital.Sahara. They are located about 1,500km south

Topographic map of Algeria

Northern Algerias native plants are the olive and cork oak. The coastal plains of this region contain many grape vines, which are endemic to the area.The mountain and plain regions have large evergreen forests of pines, junipers, and oaks, as well as some deciduous trees.Warmer areas grow pines, eucalyptus, agaves, and fig trees. Vegetation in Algeria, where all areas are subject to some seasonal aridity, is characteristically drought-resistant. Forests cover only about 2 percent of the entire land area and are found primarily in the less-accessible mountain regions, where remnants ofevergreen forestsremain on the moister slopes.

VegetationDeciduous trees

The forests of the mountainous regions are filled with jackals and boars. The other common mammals of the country are rabbits and jerboas.The deserts also have a variety of snakes, both poisonous and non poisonous, scorpions, and countless kinds of insects. Camels are used in great numbers throughout the country.

Wildlife

Jackals

Boars

Forestry

The countrys aridity, however, renders more than four-fifths of the land uncultivable, and most of the remaining agricultural land is suitable only for pasture. The rest is tilled or devoted to vineyards and orchards. Winter grainswheat, barley, and oatsare grown on the largest area of arable land in the drierHigh Plateau, notably aroundConstantine, and in the Sersou Plateau to the west. Also in the west,esparto grassgrows naturally on the regions steppe plains. Tobacco, olives, and dates are important crops, as are sorghum, millet, corn (maize), rye, and rice. The climate is not well suited to extensive stock raising, but there are many scattered herds of cattle, goats, and sheep, and stock raising contributes significantly to the traditional sector of agriculture.

Cultivation and Animal Rearing

Cultivated land is largely restricted to the coastal plains and valleys. These areas were colonized by French settlers, who established vineyards, orchards, citrus groves, and market gardens. The best farms were located in the well-watered fertile plains around Bejaa and Annaba in the east, in the Mitidja Plain south of Algiers, and beyond Oran from Sidi Bel Abbs to Tlemcen. Rich vineyard areas were also maintained on the Mda and Mascara plateaus.

Agriculture

Irregular precipitation has long been a threat to agriculture, but dam construction and irrigation projects have added some stability tocrop production. At independence Algeria possessed some 20 sizable dams. An active and ongoing construction program nearly doubled that number by the late 1980s, adding substantially to the countrys total irrigated acreage. Despite such efforts, the nations meagre water resources are under increasing pressure to meet its urban-industrial demands as well.

Bejai Plage CoastFishing

Port of Oran

Some of Algerias main natural resources are petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, uranium, lead and zinc.

By far, Algeria's most significant exports today petroleumandnatural gas. The reserves are mostly in the EasternSahara. Other significant exports aresheep,oxen, andhorses; animal products, such aswooland skins;wine, cereals (rye,barley,oats),vegetables,fruits (chieflyfigsandgrapes) andseeds,oils and vegetable extracts (chieflyolive oil),ironore,zinc, naturalphosphates,timber,cork and tobacco. The import of wool exceeds the export.Sugar,coffee, machinery, metal work of all kinds, clothing and pottery are largely imported. Of these by far the greater part comes from France. TheBritishimports consist chiefly ofcoal, cotton fabrics and machinery.Algeria trades most extensively with France and Italy, in terms of both imports and exports, but also trades with the United States andSpain. Algeria currently has only one stock exchange, the Algiers Stock Exchange.Economy

Algeria is divided into 48provinces,553districtsand 1,541municipalities. Each province, district, and municipality is named after itsseat, which is usually the largest city. According to the Algerian constitution, a province isa territorial collectivity enjoying some economic freedom.ThePeople's Provincial Assemblyis the political entity governing a province, which has a "president", who is elected by the members of the assembly. They are in turn elected onuniversal suffrageevery five years.

PROVINCES

Algerias annual rate ofpopulation growthwas high throughout much of the latter half of the 20th century, but by the late 1980s overall growthbirth rates in particularhad begun to decline. The population is youthful, about half being age 19 or younger. A drop in infant mortality rates has contributed to a decline in overall death rates, but these have been partly offset by the lower birth rates. Life expectancy is about 70 years.Algerian emigration to Europe, once a viable alternative for the countrys unemployed, declined in the late 20th century as France restricted further immigration, but decades of suchmigrationhave left a large Algerian diasporas in western European countries.This entry lists the percentage distribution of the labor force by occupation.Labor force - by occupation:agriculture:13.4%industry:14.6%construction and public works:16%trade:14.6%government:32%other:16% (2003 est.)Demographic Trends Occupations

Various types ofmusic are native to Algeria. One of the most popular, originating in the western part of the country, isra(opinion or view), which combines varying instrumentation with simple poetic lyrics. Both men and women are free to express themselves in this style. One especially popular Algerian singer ofra, Khaled, has exported this music to Europe and theUnited States, but he and other popular musicians such asCheb Mamihave been targets of Islamic extremists.Wahrani(the music of Oran), another style, blendsrawith classical Algerian music of the Arab-Andalusian tradition.

Culture

Air Algrie, the state airline, operates flights to many foreign countries and provides daily domestic flights between the countrys major cities and towns. The principal ports are Algiers, Oran, Annaba, Bejaa, Bettioua, Mostaganem, and Tns, in addition to the primarily petroleum and natural gas ports at Arzew andSkikda. Algerias merchant fleet has grown into a major world shipping line. A good road network is in place in the densely populated Tell region, complete with express highways around the city ofAlgiers. Fast and frequent rail service was established betweenOran, Algiers, and Constantine by the late 20th century.

Algiers International Airport

TransportationThe main rail line parallels the coast and extends from the Moroccan to the Tunisian border. Two trans-Saharan roads have been built: one paved route from El-Gola to Tamanghasset and then south to Niger, the other from El-Gola to Adrar and then on to Mali. A state bus company and severalprivate companiesprovide reliable intercity bus services.

TheAtlas Mountainsare amountain range across a northern stretch ofAfricaextending about 2,500km throughMorocco, Algeria, andTunisia. The highest peak is theToubkalmountain, with an elevation of 4,167metres.The Atlas ranges separate the MediterraneanandAtlanticcoastlines from theSaharaDesert. The mountains are or were home to a number of plant and animal species unique in Africa many of them areendangeredand some have already gone extinct. Examples include theAtlas Cedar, theAtlas Bear, theBarbary Leopard, theBarbary Macaque,Barbary Sheep, theBarbary Lion, theNorth African Elephant, theEuropean Black Pine, theDippers, theAlgerian Oak, andCuvier's Gazelle. The Atlas are rich innatural resources. There are deposits ofiron ore,lead ore,copper,silver,mercury,rock salt,phosphate,marble,anthracite coal, andnatural gasamong other resources.

Atlas Mountains

Atlas Mountains

Gallery

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Khemis Miliana

Arthus Betrand

El Mahdia valley

Thermmal Springs of Hamman Meskoutine

Cultivations in the Tlemcan region

Mers el kebir

Traras monts coast

El Golea Oasis

Vegetation inside the dunes, near El-Oued

Djemila, Kabylie

Flennec

Thank you!

Done By Disha Shahani .