Prokaryotes, Eukaryotic Algae, and ProtozoansProkaryotes

organisms without a cell nucleus (= karyon), or any other membrane-bound organelles. (Most are unicellular, but some prokaryotes are multicellular)

Eukaryotes organisms whose cells are organized into

complex structures by internal membranes and a cytoskeleton

The most characteristic membrane bound structure is the nucleus

Can be multi- or unicellular

Domain (Eu)Bacteria

Clade Cyanobacteria Photosynthetic blue-greens

Important Examples: Nostoc

Unicellular, beaded strands Able to fix nitrogen (important nutrient competitor)

Oscillatoria Very common locally Filamentous strands of rectangular cells

Gloeocapsa Very small colonies of 2 4 cells in gelatinous sheath

Nostoc. Pointer indicates heterocyst cell for N-fixation.

Oscillatoria. Good view of rectangular cells.

Gloeocapsa colonies

Domain (Eu)Bacteria

Clade Proteobacteria Aquaspirillum

One of the largest bacteria, though its difficult to find under high-power using a compound microscope

Spiral-shaped (hence name)

Domain Eukarya

Clade [Kingdom] Plantae Clade (Phylum) Chlorophyta green algae

Spirogyra Spiral-shaped chloroplasts

Zygnema Star-shaped chloroplasts

EndosymbioticCyanobacteria

Domain Eukarya

Clade [Kingdom] Plantae Clade (Phylum) Chlorophyta green algae Desmids

Composed of two half-cells that are mirror images.

MicrasteriasClosterium

Cosmarium

Domain Eukarya

Clade Stramenopila Clade (Phylum) Chrysophyta Golden-Brown Algae

Often flagellated, form colonies Synura

Diatoms Cell walls composed of silica Navicula Cyclotella

Synura. Free-living (right) & colony (below)

Navicula.

Cyclotella.

Domain Eukarya

Clade Alveolata Clade (Phylum) Dinoflagellata

Flagellated use whip-like tail for feeding, locomotion Dinos spin or move in small circles

Red/brown color Can be photosynthetic or predatory plate of armor covering gives them an unusual appearance Give rise to red tides when in large numbers

Peridinium

Red tide!

Domain Eukarya

Clade (Phylum) Ciliata Characterized by their cilia hair-like projections used for feeding or

locomotion Paramecium

Engulf prey with their oral groove gives them their spiral-like shape Some species have photosynthetic symbionts, but Paramecium themselves are predators

Euplotes Have spike-like modified cilia Wicked predators

Domain Eukarya

Clade Euglenozoa Have superior flagella for locomotion and feeding

Can create water vortexes for filter-currents Some are photosynthetic Red eye spot can detect light for directionality

Euglena

Domain Eukarya

Clade Amoebozoa Lack an outer body wall; move by extending their body cytoplasm (these

projections = pseudopodia) Pseudopodia caused by a chain reaction of actin proteins expanding &

contracting (they feed like this, too!) Difflugia

Protects its fragile body by creating a shell of sand & detritus

Domain Eukarya

Clade Rhizaria Thread-lobed amoebas Actinopoda include Heliozoans (sun animals) that have threads of

pseudopodia extending through their silica/calcium carbonate shells Actinosphaerium

Slide Number 1Slide Number 2Domain (Eu)BacteriaDomain (Eu)BacteriaDomain EukaryaDomain EukaryaDomain EukaryaDomain EukaryaDomain EukaryaDomain EukaryaDomain EukaryaDomain Eukarya