Alexis Morris Mentor: Dr. Eric Pattersondiscus/muccc/muccc20/MUCCC20 … · Microsoft PowerPoint -...
Transcript of Alexis Morris Mentor: Dr. Eric Pattersondiscus/muccc/muccc20/MUCCC20 … · Microsoft PowerPoint -...
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Alexis Morris
Mentor: Dr. Eric Patterson
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Astrobiology?Astrobiology?
Study of the origins of life What is life? Where is life?
Search for the precursors of precursors of biomolecules
‐Insight & Intelligence. Jun 7, 2011 “Biotechnology Instruments Being Used to Detect Alien Life”
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Chemical Building Blocks of LifeChemical Building Blocks of Life
DNA/RNA
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
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ProteinsProteins
Basic functional unit of the cell CatalysisCatalysis Structure Signaling
D f Defense Transport
Secondary Structure Primary Structure
A T Y NRG A T Y NRG
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Protein building blocks: amino acidsProtein building blocks: amino acids
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Amino acids have been detected
Murchison meteorite
Amino acids have been detected
Murchison meteorite Comets
Amino Acid MurchisonMeteorite
Glycine ●●●●
Alanine ●●●●
Proline ●
Valine ●●
Sarcosine ●●●
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The Interstellar Medium (ISM)The Interstellar Medium (ISM)
I t t ll M di Interstellar Medium‐area between stars
Varies in temperature and density Molecular clouds Hot cores
Composed of mostly H2 and He 2
< 1% other elements
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SpectroscopySpectroscopy
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Search for LifeSearch for Life
Spectroscopy Organic matter is plentiful in space
Interstellar medium
H and C compounds
H, C, and O compounds
H, C, and N compounds
Other
compounds
CH3 C3O C3N C3SC4H C2H4O CH3NH2 MgCN4 2 4 3 2 g
H2CCC (CH3)2CO HC5N NaCN
C8H CH2OHCHO HC11N SiC4
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Protein building blocks: amino acidsProtein building blocks: amino acids
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Discovery of aminoacetonitrileDiscovery of aminoacetonitrile
CarbonH d
Atom Key
HydrogenNitrogenOxygen
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Cyano vs CarboxyCyano vs Carboxy
• Barrier of 1.43 kcal/molC t bl i ISM
CarbonHydrogenNitrogen
Atom Key
• Cyano group more stable in ISM• 10‐15x less decomposition for –CN
Zhu et al. 2004
gOxygen
Bernstein et al. 2004
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What we aim to do…
Propose different mechanisms of possible formation of amino acid precursors in the interstellar medium
f h f f h f See if the formation of the cyano precursors of Glycine, Alanine, Leucine, Isoleucine, Valine, …etc. are plausible in the ISMplausible in the ISM
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Methods Optimizations were done using M06‐2X/6‐Optimizations were done using M06 2X/631G**(d,p). Computationally cheap Relatively accurate
G i d f l l i d Gaussian 09 was used to perform calculations and GaussView for structural analysis.
Excited states energies were obtained with TD‐DFT
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Possible PrecursorsPossible Precursors(Cation/Anion products)
+ +
Acetonitrile Ethyl Formate Cation Anion
ΔHrxn= 200.1 kcal/molCarbonH d
Atom Key
HydrogenNitrogenOxygen
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Possible PrecursorsPossible Precursors(Radical products)
+ +
Acetonitrile Ethyl Formate Radical Radical
ΔHrxn= 93.2 kcal/mol CarbonH d
Atom Key
HydrogenNitrogenOxygen
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Formation of aminoacetonitrileFormation of aminoacetonitrileradical
++
ΔH = ‐73 6 kcal/molΔHrxn= 73.6 kcal/mol
Barrierless!!!
Basiuk 2004
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Alanine‐CN
+
ΔHrxn= ‐74.7 kcal/mol CarbonHydrogen
Atom Key
rxn 74 7 / HydrogenNitrogenOxygen
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Valine‐CN
+
ΔHrxn= ‐73.0 kcal/mol CarbonHydrogen
Atom Key
rxn 73 HydrogenNitrogenOxygen
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Isoleucine‐CN
+
ΔHrxn= ‐72.6 kcal/mol CarbonHydrogen
Atom Key
HydrogenNitrogenOxygen
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Leucine‐CN
+
ΔHrxn= ‐74.8 kcal/mol CarbonHydrogen
Atom Key
rxn 74 / HydrogenNitrogenOxygen
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Summary
Aminoacetonitrile is a proposed precursor to amino
Summary
acids We have proposed several mechanisms of precursor f iformation Ethyl formate + acetonitrile
Radical Radical Cation/anionic
Proposed mechanism of alanine, leucine, isoleucine, valine precursor formation
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D E iD E iThank you!
Dr. Eric Dr. Eric PattersonPatterson
F ll L b bFellow Lab members
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