AlexandAlexanderer

the the GreatGreat

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Alexander the Great Alexander the Great #31#31

Iliad Reading Due Iliad Reading Due FridayFriday

Test and Notebook on Test and Notebook on Thrus. Sept. 29Thrus. Sept. 29

Family:Family:Father: Philip II, King of MacedoniaFather: Philip II, King of MacedoniaMother: OlympusMother: Olympus

Philip II divorced Olympus, remarried. Olympus Philip II divorced Olympus, remarried. Olympus wanted Alexander to be heir to the throne. wanted Alexander to be heir to the throne. Some believe Some believe Olympus hired the assassinOlympus hired the assassin who killed Philip II who killed Philip II

Olympus Philip II

UpbringingUpbringingTutored by AristotleTutored by Aristotle in philosophy, geography, in philosophy, geography, biology, and medicinebiology, and medicine

Later Later established extensive librariesestablished extensive libraries that that preserved the works of many preserved the works of many famous authorsfamous authors (especially Socrates, (especially Socrates, Aristotle, etc)Aristotle, etc)

By age By age 1818, Alexander , Alexander had had already been a already been a commandercommander of part of of part of the Macedonian army the Macedonian army in a minor battle.in a minor battle.

Alexander begins to ruleAlexander begins to rule•Greece was weak after Peloponnesian War. Greece was weak after Peloponnesian War. Philip II conquered in 337 BCEPhilip II conquered in 337 BCE. . Philip II was Philip II was assassinatedassassinated in 336 BCE. in 336 BCE. Alexander became Alexander became ruler.ruler.

•ThebesThebes rebelledrebelled (testing a new ruler), so (testing a new ruler), so Alexander destroyed their city and sold any Alexander destroyed their city and sold any survivors into slavery.survivors into slavery.

•Other cities were Other cities were intimidated into obedience. intimidated into obedience. Alexander wanted to Alexander wanted to continue his father’s plan of continue his father’s plan of invading Persiainvading Persia..

Persia and beyondPersia and beyondInvasion into Asia Minor 334 BCEInvasion into Asia Minor 334 BCEAlexander wins Alexander wins Battle of IssusBattle of Issus – 100,000+ – 100,000+ Persians vs. 4,000 MacedoniansPersians vs. 4,000 Macedonians

Marched into Egypt – 332 BCEMarched into Egypt – 332 BCE Peaceful takeoverPeaceful takeoverFounded city of Alexandria (one Founded city of Alexandria (one of many, but this was most of many, but this was most famous)famous)

MesopotamiaMesopotamiaForces defeatedForces defeated 200,000 at Guagamela200,000 at Guagamela

PersiaPersiaAlexander’s army advanced Alexander’s army advanced unopposed unopposed into richest cities and into richest cities and heart of Persiaheart of Persia

Central AsiaCentral AsiaThe army continued to fight its The army continued to fight its way across desert waste and way across desert waste and mountainsmountains

IndiaIndiaAlexander’s army won a Alexander’s army won a fierce battle with fierce battle with powerful Indian Armypowerful Indian Army

ENOUGH!The Macedonian army fought for seven years and traveled 11,000 miles

On the trip back, Alexander the Great caught a fever (probably malaria) and died in 323 BCE

LEGACYLEGACYHe had ruled for only He had ruled for only 12 years12 years, but had an , but had an enormous empire!enormous empire!

Preservation of Greek knowledgePreservation of Greek knowledge in libraries, etc. in libraries, etc.

Greek influence (art, trade, literature, theatre) Greek influence (art, trade, literature, theatre) went abroad – a new Culture arose – went abroad – a new Culture arose – HellenismHellenism

No successorNo successor – when asked – when asked who should succeed him, who should succeed him, Alexander replied, “the Alexander replied, “the strongest.”strongest.”