Alexander Archie Compliance Enforcement Supervisor Chief Engineer's Office 5500 Snyder Avenue...

Alexander ArchieCompliance Enforcement SupervisorChief Engineer's Office 5500 Snyder Avenue

Office: (775) 887-3255 Cell: (775) 722-8703

Fire Life Safety

Keith JaquillardCompliance Enforcement OfficerChief Engineer's Office 3955 West Russell Road

Office: (702) 8791396 Cell: (702) 308-0902

Fire Life Safety

Fire Life Safety

• Fire Triangle & Tetrahedron• Fire Classification• Fire Extinguishers• The P.A.S.S. Method• Fire Extinguisher Inspection

PurposeTo establish an institutional fire safety andevacuation plan.

AR 440 http://www.doc.nv.gov/

Fire Life Safety

Fire Life Safety• Notes:

Lightning has 1.5 million volts, 50,000 degrees at a distance of 8 miles. In a wilderness fire, the heat temperature ranges from: 18000 to 20000

Aluminum will melt at: 15000

Brass will melt at:15750 to 18000

Glass will melt at; 14750 to 15000

Tin will melt at: 4250 to 4750

Your lungs will be effected at:4250 to 4750

Fire Life SafetyFire Triangle

Oxygen SourceApproximately 16% RequiredNormal air contains 21% O2 Some fuel materials contain sufficient oxygen within their make-up to support burning

Heat SourceTo Reach Ignition TemperatureOpen Flame – The SunHot SurfacesSparks and ArcsFriction – Chemical ActionElectrical EnergyCompression of Gasses

GasesNatural gas

PropaneButane

HydrogenAcetylene

Carbon MonoxideOthers

LiquidsGasoline KeroseneTurpentine AlcoholCod Liver Oil PaintVarnish LacquerOlive Oil

Others

SolidsBulk – Dust Finely Divided

Coal PlasticWood SugarPaper GrainCloth HayWax CorkGrease Leather

Others

Oxyge

n HeatFuel

Fire Life SafetyThe wet towel thing...

CHEMICALREACTION

Fire Life SafetyFire Tetrahedron

The process we know as fire is a chemical reaction which involves rapid oxidation or burning of a combustible material. In the past, we learned that three elements, fuel, heat, and oxygen were necessary for fire to start and continue burning, hence the fire triangle concept. In recent years this concept has been expanded to include a fourth element, that of the ________ ________, thus creating the fire tetrahedron.

HEAT

OXYGEN FUEL

Fire Life Safety• How fires start, fire is a chemical reaction involving rapid

oxidation or burning of a fuel. It needs four elements to occur:– Fuel – Fuel can be any combustible material – solid, liquid or gas. Most solids

and liquids become a vapor or gas before they will burn.– Oxygen – the air we breathe is about 21 % oxygen. Fire only needs an

atmosphere with at least 16% oxygen.– Heat – Heat is the energy necessary to increase the temperature of the fuel to a

point where sufficient vapors are given off for ignition to occur.– Chemical Reaction – A chain reaction can occur when the other three

elements are present in the proper conditions and proportions. Fire occurs when this rapid oxidation, or burning takes place.

• Take any one of these factors away and the fire cannot occur or will be extinguished if it was already burning.

Fire Life SafetyHow Fires are Classified

Class A Class B

Class C Class D

List the four classes alphabetically

Fire Life Safety• How fires are classified:

– Class A – Ordinary combustibles or fibrous material such as wood, paper, cloth, rubber, and some plastics.

– Class B – Flammable or combustible liquids such as gasoline, kerosene, paint, paint thinners, and propane.

– Class C – Energized electrical equipment such as appliances, switches, panel boxes and power tools.

– Class D – Certain combustible metals such as magnesium, titanium, potassium and sodium. These metals burn at high temperatures and give off sufficient oxygen to support combustion. They may react violently with water or other chemicals, and must be handled with care.

Fire Life Safety• How to prevent fires from occurring:

– Class A – Ordinary combustibles:• Keep storage and working areas free of trash• Eliminate excess/unnecessary storage of combustible material• Place oily rags in covered containers

– Class B – Flammable liquids or gases:• Don’t refuel gasoline-powered equipment in presence of an open flame

such as a furnace or water heater• Don’t refuel gasoline-powered equipment while it is hot• Keep flammable liquids stored in tightly closed, self-closing , spill-proof

containers. Pour from storage drums only what you’ll need.• Store flammable liquids away from spark-producing sources.• Use flammable liquids only in well-ventilated areas.

Fire Life Safety• How to prevent fires from occurring: (cont)

– Class C – Electrical equipment:• Look for old wiring, worn insulation and broken electrical fittings. Report

any hazardous conditions to your supervisor.• Prevent motors from overheating by keeping them clean and in good

working order. A spark from a rough-running motor can ignite the oil and dust in the unit.

• Utility lights should always have some type of wire guard over them. Heat from an uncovered light bulb can easily ignite ordinary combustibles.

• Don’t misuse fuses, never install a fuse rated higher than specified for the circuit.

• Investigate any appliance or electrical equipment that smells strange. Unusual odors can be the first sign of fire.

• Don’t overload wall outlets. Two outlets should have no more than two plugs.

Fire Life Safety

• When not to fight a fire:– If the fire is spreading beyond the spot where it started– If you can’t fight the fire with your back to an escape exit– If the fire can block your only escape– If you don’t have adequate fire fighting equipment– When it is past the incipient stage

Fire Life Safety

DISCHARGE HOSE

DISCHARGE NOZZLE

DISCHARGE ORIFICE

BODY

DATA PLATE

CARRYINGHANDLE

PRESSURE GAUGE(not found on CO2

extinguishers)DISCHARGE LEVER

DISCHARGE LOCKING PINAND SEAL

Fire Life SafetyPressurized Water

• For class “A” fires• Extinguishes by cooling the

burning material

A – Paper, Wood, Trash

B - Flammable Liquids, Grease

C - Energized Electrical Equipment

Fire Life SafetyCarbon Dioxide (CO2)

• For class “B” or “C” fires• Extinguishes by cooling the

burning material• Approximately 8-30 seconds

discharge time




Fire Life Safety

• For class “A” “B” or “C” fires• Extinguishes by smothering

burning material• Approximately 8-25 seconds

discharge time• Contains (ammonium phosphate)

Multipurpose Dry Chemical




Fire Life SafetyHalon

• For class “B” or “C” fires• Extinguishes by removing

oxygen• Approximately 8-18 seconds

discharge time




Fire Life SafetyCombustible Metal

• For class “D” fires• Extinguishes by smothering

burning material

DCOMBUSTIBLE

METALS

Fire Life SafetyP.A.S.S. Method

Pull the pin This will allow you to squeeze the handle in order to discharge the extinguisher

Aim at the base of the fire Aiming at the middle will do no good. The agent will pass through the flames.

Squeeze the handle This will release the pressurized extinguishing agent

Sweep side to side Cover the entire area that is on fire. Continue until fire is extinguished. Keep an eye on the area for re-lighting.

Fire Life Safety

• Leave the area immediately:– Should your path of escape be threatened– Should the extinguisher run out of agent– Should the extinguisher prove to be ineffective– Should you no longer be able to safely fight the fire– If ever in doubt, GET OUT!

Fire Life Safety• How to inspect your fire extinguishers:

– Know the locations of your fire extinguishers.– Make sure the class of extinguisher is safe to use on fires likely to

occur in the immediate area.– Check the seal. Has the extinguisher been tampered with or used

before?– Look at the gauge and feel the weight. Is the extinguisher full? Does

it need to be recharged?– Make sure the pin. Nozzle and nameplate are intact.

• Report any missing empty or damaged fire extinguisher to the appropriate person at your facility whenever you notice any discrepancies.

Fire Life Safety

• Evacuation Plans:– Staff and inmates must be aware of the plan.– It shall be the responsibility of the Warden/designee to

provide a system of fire prevention and control to ensure the safety of employees, inmates, and visitors.

– Institutions/facilities with major fire fighting equipment shall be responsible for training the employees assigned to operate the equipment.

– During an emergency, the Warden or highest ranking officer on duty shall have absolute and total authority concerning decisions made affecting the institution/facility.

Fire Life Safety

• Control Center – when notified of a fire, will be alert and observant concerning the fire alarm panel and, as directed:– Call the fire department– Notify affected areas– Advise all radio units of the emergency– Begin notification of personnel on the emergency

notification roster– Alert medical staff– Maintain accurate records of notifications & times

Fire Life Safety

• All employees should assist in fire prevention. This shall include, but is not limited to:– Proper storage of combustible materials,– Preventing hazardous electrical situations,– Training inmates in fire safety procedures,– Conducting fire drills,– Reporting fire hazards to the designated officer,– Checking fire control equipment regularly.

SNCC FireOn 12 April 2007 at about 4:55PM the following incident occurred at Southern Nevada Correctional Center.

Correctional Officer Wazoo was supervising an inmate working in the SNCC maintenance area. Inmate Waxbean was utilizing a hand held grinder which caused metallic sparks to fly across the maintenance building and ignite a fire in the upstairs open storage area.

SNCC Fire

JCC FireOn November 23 2007 at approximately 9:00PM the following incident occurred at Jean Conservation Camp.

After drying several loads of laundry, the inmate removed the dried clothing from the dryer. The inmate then placed washed culinary rags and clothing into the hot dryer. The dryer was not turned on and the laundry room was left unattended. Later that evening a fire alarm alerted staff to a fire in the laundry room.

JCC Fire

Fire Life Safety1. What is the primary concern in terms of fire safety?

a) Prevention

2. If a fire breaks out, what is the next ultimate concern?a) Life Safety

3. What should I look for when checking extinguishers?a) Make sure an extinguisher is presentb) Make sure the arrow is positioned in the green for chargedc) Check the tag – make sure the tag has not been removed

4. What is an “A” type fire?a) Ordinary combustibles, paper, wood, clothing

Quiz Time

5. What is a “D” type fire?a) Certain combustible metals, magnesium, titanium, potassium and

sodium.6. What is a “B” type fire?

a) Flammable or combustible liquids; gas, paint, kerosene, grease, tar, etc.

7. What is a “C” type fire?a) Energized electrical equipment, electric appliances, computers

8. What is known as a common extinguisher?a) A-B-C

9. What is the first thing I should do to operate a fire extinguisher?

a) Pull the pin

Fire Life SafetyQuiz Time

10. What is the second thing I should do to operate a fire extinguisher?

a) Aim the nozzle at the base of the fire

11. What is the third thing I should do to operate a fire extinguisher?

a) Squeeze the handle on the extinguisher

12. What is the fourth thing I need to do?a) Sweep from side to side at the base of the fire

13. What type of fires do we use “Halon” on?a) Metal or equipment fires; Halon does not damage electronic

components! Computers, radios, etc.


14. How often should I inspect fire extinguishers in my area?a) Every time I walk by, daily, weekly, etc.

15. How often should fire extinguishers be services?a) Annually

16. What elements are necessary for a fire to start?a) Fuelb) Oxygenc) Heat

17. What are the (3) types of fuel?a) Gasesb) Liquidsc) Solids


18. Why do people die from inhaling smoke?a) Suffocation – Carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, which are a

poison

19. Why is good housekeeping important?a) Disposes of possible fuel for the fireb) Prevents blocking of evacuation routesc) Prevents interference with fire control equipmentd) Avoids obstructing fire fighter – responding team

20. What kind of materials must be disposed of in a tightly covered metal container?

a) Rags soaked in oil, paint, or any other combustible liquidb) Material which explode if combined with other materialsc) Greasy materials


Bonus Point Question21. How would you fight a large fire that’s spreading rapidly

with an extinguisher?a) Throw the extinguisher in the fire and “Haul ?” the extinguisher will

explode and put the fire out, you are home free.


Alexander Archie Compliance Enforcement Supervisor Chief Engineer's Office 5500 Snyder Avenue...

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