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04/10/23 Overview of ALE/IDOCs 1
Overview of ALE / EDI / IDOCs
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 204/10/23
EDI
What is EDI? Type of EDI process• Outbound EDI Process• Inbound EDI Process
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 304/10/23
What is EDI?
EDI is electronic exchange of business documents between the computer systems of business partner using a standard format over a communication network EDI is also called a paperless exchange.
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 404/10/23
Typical EDI/IDOC Scenario
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 504/10/23
Outbound Process
With Message Control Directly -With out Message Control
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 604/10/23
Inbound Process
With Function Module
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 704/10/23
EDI Configuration
How to Set Up an RFC Destination in SAP The Port Definitions Configure Partner Profile Configure Message Control
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 804/10/23
Complete EDI/ ALE scenario
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 904/10/23
ALEALE
What is ALE?
Components of ALE.
Anatomy of an IDoc.
ALE Processing
Transactions For Monitoring and Processing IDocs.
Questions
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 1004/10/23
ALE TerminologyALE Terminology
•ALE - Application Linking & Enabling
•IDoc - Intermediate Document
•EDI - Electronic Data Interchange
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 1104/10/23
ALE Objective ALE Objective
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 1204/10/23
ALE!! What is it ??
It is a set ofIt is a set of Tools, programs and data definitions
Provides distribution model and technology that enables SAP Customer to interconnect programs across various platforms and systems..
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 1304/10/23
Features –ALE / IDocsFeatures –ALE / IDocs Distributed System yet integrated with SAP R/3
Based on ‘Application-to-Application integration using ‘Message Architecture’
Reliable communication Data is exchanged using “IDocs”
Support both R/2, R/3 and External system
If network problem, message is buffered
ALE support backward compatibility
ALE ensure that , data is transferred only once
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 1404/10/23
ALE Scenario ALE Scenario
Document
SAP System R/3 SAP System R/3IDoc
EDI SubsystemEDI Subsystem
IDocIDoc
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 1504/10/23
What is ALE ?
Components of ALE.
Anatomy of an IDoc.
ALE Processing
Transactions For Monitoring and Processing IDocs.
Trouble Shooting
Questions
Topics to coverTopics to cover
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 1604/10/23
Components of ALE Components of ALE
Services:Services:
Application ServicesApplication Services
Distribution ServicesDistribution Services
Communication ServicesCommunication Services
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 1704/10/23
Application ServicesApplication Services
Services:Services:
Application ServicesApplication Services
Distribution ServicesDistribution Services
Communication ServicesCommunication Services
This is where the SAP applications ( SD, FI, MM etc. ) generate their data and documents
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 1804/10/23
Distribution ServicesDistribution ServicesServices:Services:
Application ServicesApplication Services
Distribution ServicesDistribution Services
Communication ServicesCommunication Services
Recipients Formats and
Filters the data Creates IDocs
( Intermediate
Documents
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 1904/10/23
Communication ServicesCommunication Services
Services:Services:
Application ServicesApplication Services
Distribution ServicesDistribution Services
Communication ServicesCommunication Services •TCP/IP
•RFC
•tRFC
• etc
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 2004/10/23
Application Data
MasterIDOC Determine
Receipients
DetermineReceipients
Filter/ConvertData, Create IDOC
Filter/ConvertData, Create IDOC
Comm.IDOC
Application Functions
Application Functions
Filter/ConvertData
Filter/ConvertData
Comm.IDOC
CarrierCarrier
Application Layer
Application Layer
Distribution/ ALE Layer
Distribution/ ALE Layer
Communication Layer
Communication Layer
ApplicationApplication
In a Nut ShellIn a Nut Shell
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 2104/10/23
Topics to coverTopics to cover
What is ALE ?
Components of ALE.
Anatomy of an IDoc.
ALE Processing
Transactions For Monitoring and Processing IDocs.
Trouble Shooting
Questions
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 2204/10/23
IDoc ConceptIDoc Concept
R/3 System
System 1
SAPDocument
EDI subsystem R/3 System R/2 System 3rd party software
System 2
IDoc
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 2304/10/23
IDoc StructureIDoc Structure
Status Record IDoc-IDStatus information
Data Record IDoc-IDSequence/HierarchySegment Format definition for
• header data• item data
Control Record IDoc-IDSender-IDReceiver-IDIDoc type and logical messageExternal structure
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 2404/10/23
Control recordData RecordStatus Record
IDOC
“Intermediate Document”
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 2504/10/23
The very first record of an IDoc package is always a control record. Thestructure of this control record of the structure EDIDC and describes the contents of the data contained in the package. The control record goes to table EDIDC
Control RecordControl Record
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 2604/10/23
Message TypeMessage Type
Message Type indicates How to Know what the data Means
Data Exchanged by IDOC and EDI is known as Messages
Message of same kind belong to the same message type.
Message types are stored in table EDMSG
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 2704/10/23
All records in the IDoc, which come after the control record, are the IDoc data. They are all structured alike, with a segment information part and a data part, which is 1000 character in length, filling the rest of the line. Data & Segment info is stored in EDID4 for release 4.x and EDID3 for release 2.x and 3.x.
Data RecordData Record
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 2804/10/23
Status RecordStatus Record Information about the IDoc status like:IDoc identification numberStatus number - table verifiedIDoc typeDirectionData and time stamp; Structure: EDIDS
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 2904/10/23
Status of IDOCStatus of IDOC
A two-digit status is assigned to an IDoc to allow the processing to be monitored.
The statuses for outbound IDocs are between '01' and '49', while the statuses for inbound IDocs begin with '50'.
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 3004/10/23
Idoc SegmentsIdoc Segments
TCODE:
WE31
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 3104/10/23
Idoc TypesIdoc Types
TCODE:
WE30
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 3204/10/23
How to Attach SegmentsHow to Attach Segments
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 3304/10/23
Message TypesMessage Types
WE81WE82
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 3404/10/23
IDOC Type/ Message Type/ Processing Function IDOC Type/ Message Type/ Processing Function ModuleModule
Valid combination of Message type and IDOC type are stored in table EDIMSG
Combination of message type and IDOC type determine the processing algorithm. This is usually a function module and is set up in table EDIFCT.
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 3504/10/23
Topics to coverTopics to cover
What is ALE ?
Components of ALE.
Anatomy of an IDoc.
ALE Processing.
i.Outbound Processing
ii.Inbound Processing
Transactions For Monitoring and Processing IDocs.
Trouble Shooting
Questions
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 3604/10/23
Outbound Processing
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 3704/10/23
Outbound processing: directOutbound processing: directApplication posting
Need to create IDOC?
Create master IDOC
Customer Distribution Model
Receiver determination
Segment filter
Field value conversion
Version change
ALE layer
Dispatch controlDatabase
M
Application document posted simultaneously with IDOCs
Comm. layer
asynch. RFCor
EDISystem call FM
( INBOUND_IDOC_
PROCESS )On destination
CLinks C
Comm. layer
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 3804/10/23
Dispatch controlDispatch control
Application posting
Need to create IDOC?
Create master IDOC
Customer Distribution Model
Receiver determination
Segment filter
Field value conversion
Version change
ALE layer
Dispatch controlDatabase
M
Application document posted simultaneously with IDocs
C
asynch. RFCor
EDI
Links C
asynch. RFCor
EDI
C
Comm. layer
- Technical comms parameters are Technical comms parameters are defineddefined
- EDI or aRFC (asynch. remote EDI or aRFC (asynch. remote function call)function call)
- Send immediately or cumulate Send immediately or cumulate and send via batch joband send via batch job If batch, packet size is If batch, packet size is
determineddetermined
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 3904/10/23
Scenario analysisScenario analysis
• How does the IDOC look like ?
• How is data being sent ?
• How is the data being received ?
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 4004/10/23
Outbound program development
• Program logic
– “How is the IDOC being created ?”
• Triggering
– “How is the IDOC creation kicked off ?”
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 4104/10/23
Program logicProgram logic
• Select data from application tables• Fill data into IDOC • Pass IDOC to ALE layer (Call function MASTER_IDOC_DISTRIBUTE)• Commit Work
• Receiver determination• Segment filtering• Version Control• Dispatch Control
IDOC program
ALE layer
MASTER_IDOC_DISTRIBUTE
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 4204/10/23
MASTER_IDOC_DISTRIBUTEMASTER_IDOC_DISTRIBUTE
Call function ‘MASTER_IDOC_DISTRIBUTE’ Exporting
master_idoc_control: IDOC control record
Tables
communication_idoc_control: returned information about the
distribution
master_idoc_data: IDOC data segments
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 4304/10/23
Filling an EDIDD structureFilling an EDIDD structure
Header (55bytes) SDATA (1000bytes)…. SEGNAM ….EDIDD
Z1SEGField1 Field2 Field3 Field4
“10” “ABC”
MOVE “Z1SEG” to EDIDD-SEGNAMMOVE “10” to Z1SEG-FIELD1MOVE “ABC” to Z1SEG-FIELD2MOVE Z1SEG to EDIDD-SDATA
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 4404/10/23
General Programming rulesGeneral Programming rules Design Guidelines for creating IDOC data records:
• Left-justified filing of IDOC Fields
• Replacing SAP codes with ISO codes
currency keys
country keys
unit of measure
shipping instructions
• Converting Currency Amounts
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 4504/10/23
Left-justified FillingLeft-justified Filling
All fields must be left-justified Character fields:
automatic
Non-character fields:
‘Condense’ statement must be used
Check IDOC documentation to find out which fields require a ‘condense’
All types unequal to ‘char’, ‘cuky’, ‘clnt’, ‘accp’, ‘numc’, ‘dats’, ‘tims’ or ‘unit’ require a condense
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 4604/10/23
Code ConversionsCode Conversions Replacing SAP codes with ISO codes
– Currency keys: ‘currency_code_sap_to_iso’– Country keys: ‘country_code_sap_to_iso’– Units of measure: ‘unit_of_measure_sap_to_iso’– Shipping instructions: sap_iso_package_type_code’
• Conversion of currency amounts– ‘currency_amount_sap_to_iso’
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 4704/10/23
Basic Configuration ElementsBasic Configuration Elements
Define RFC Destinations Define Ports Maintain Customer Model Create Partner Profiles
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 4804/10/23
Maintaining RFC DestinationsMaintaining RFC Destinations
TCODE:
SM59
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 4904/10/23
Displaying and Maintaining PortsDisplaying and Maintaining Ports
A port is a logical representation of a A port is a logical representation of a communication channel in SAP with communication channel in SAP with the data communicated being IDocsthe data communicated being IDocs.
TCODE:
WE21
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 5004/10/23
Partner ProfilesPartner Profiles
TCODE:
WE20
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 5104/10/23
Partner Profiles-InboundPartner Profiles-Inbound
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 5204/10/23
Partner Profiles-OutboundPartner Profiles-Outbound
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 5304/10/23
ALE For Transactional data ---- Output ALE For Transactional data ---- Output DeterminationDetermination
NACE
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 5404/10/23
Output Determination -- Output TypesOutput Determination -- Output Types
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 5504/10/23
Output Types -- DetailsOutput Types -- Details
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 5604/10/23
Inbound Processing
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 5704/10/23
Inbound Processing.Inbound Processing.Application posting
Field value conversion
ALE layer
Input control
Database
A
Simultaneously update IDOC's status
Comm. layer
asynch. RFCor
EDI
Version change
Segment filter
C
A
Post application document
Process IDOCSerialization
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 5804/10/23
Input ControlInput ControlApplication posting
Field value conversion
ALE layer
Input control
Database
A
Simultaneously update IDOC's status
Comm. layer
asynch. RFCor
EDI
Version change
Segment filter
C
A
Post application document
Process IDOCSerialization
- For each message type and sender For each message type and sender one can defineone can define when to process when to process
(immediate/batch)(immediate/batch) whether to call application whether to call application
directly or start customer directly or start customer workflowworkflow
who should get work items in who should get work items in case of errorcase of error
- Incoming IDOC packets are passed to Incoming IDOC packets are passed to applicationapplication
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 5904/10/23
Application InputApplication InputApplication posting
Field value conversion
ALE layer
Input control
Database
A
Simultaneously update IDOC's status
Comm. layer
asynch. RFCor
EDI
Version change
Segment filter
C
A
Post application document
Process IDOCSerialization
- Inbound IDOCs are passed to Inbound IDOCs are passed to the application via a the application via a standardized function standardized function interfaceinterface
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 6004/10/23
SerializationSerializationApplication posting
Field value conversion
ALE layer
Input control
Database
A
Simultaneously update IDOC's status
Comm. layer
asynch. RFCor
EDI
Version change
Segment filter
C
A
Post application document
Process IDOCSerialization
- When processing the When processing the inbound IDOC, the inbound IDOC, the application can call an ALE application can call an ALE API (function module) to API (function module) to check that the IDOC has not check that the IDOC has not been overtakenbeen overtaken If change No. 1 arrives If change No. 1 arrives
after change No. 2, the after change No. 2, the IDOC containing it has IDOC containing it has been overtaken (by the been overtaken (by the IDOC containing the IDOC containing the later change)later change)
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 6104/10/23
FM Assignment to Message Type and FM Assignment to Message Type and IDoc typeIDoc type
TCODE:
WE57
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 6204/10/23
Process CodesProcess Codes
WE41WE42
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 6304/10/23
Process Codes in Inbound and OutboundProcess Codes in Inbound and Outbound
TCODE:
WE64
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 6404/10/23
FM For Inbound EDI FM For Inbound EDI
TCODE:
BD67
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 6504/10/23
Inbound Program DevelopmentInbound Program Development
INBOUND_IDOC_PROCESSIDOC
ALE layer
IDOC_INPUT_<MSGTYPE>
• Read IDOC data• Post Application data• Send Success info back to ALE layer
ALE configuration• Partner Profiles• Process Code• Function module attribute• Function module registry
Workflow Task
Call function
Return Variables
If ERROR, trigger
• Version change• Segment filter• Field conversion
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 6604/10/23
Basic Scenario
Direct Method Call Transaction Method
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 6704/10/23
Advanced Scenario
Mass processing Serialization Advanced Workflow
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 6804/10/23
Flow Of Program
Read IDOC-Lock IDOC-Call Inbound Program-Write Status-Commit Work-Unlock IDOC
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 6904/10/23
Interface of Inbound FM
Importing Parameter -Input Method -Mass_processing
EXPORT parameter .-Workflow_result-Application_variable-In_Update_task-Call_transaction_done
Tables parameter : IDOC_ControlIDOC_DATAIDOC_STATUSReturn_variable
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 7004/10/23
Topics to coverTopics to cover
What is ALE ?
Components of ALE.
Anatomy of an IDoc.
ALE Processing
Transactions For Monitoring and Processing IDocs.
Questions
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 7104/10/23
Monitoring IDocsMonitoring IDocs
• The IDoc interface offers 2 different approaches for tracking of data load and data flow:
Reports for monitoring
Workflow for notifications
• Both approaches are based on the concept of status transitions, i.e. an IDoc changes its status from a given value to another value.
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 7204/10/23
List Of All IDocs Created. (Default, Additional, EDI)-- List Of All IDocs Created. (Default, Additional, EDI)-- WE02/ WE05WE02/ WE05
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 7304/10/23
Selection Program For Issuing Output -- Selection Program For Issuing Output -- WE15WE15
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 7404/10/23
Test Tool For Idoc Processing (WE19)Test Tool For Idoc Processing (WE19)
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 7504/10/23
Idoc Search For Business Contents Idoc Search For Business Contents (Database). WE09(Database). WE09
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Overview of ALE/IDOCs 7604/10/23
QuestionsQuestions