Alcohol and Your Students
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Alcohol and Your Students
Information for Parents, Teachers, Advisors, Friends, and Others Concerned About a
Student’sUse of Alcohol
Counseling & Psychological Services UC
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How much do today’s students drink?
ACHA NCHA-II Fall 2009, >34,000 respondents
Any use past 30 days 59%
If used, median number of drinks 5, male; 3, female driving after any drinks 25% driving after 5 or more 3% median BAC .05 (cognitive effects start at about.03) alertnesss, concentration, judgment,
inhibition
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Some are heavier users
NCHA-II:In past 30 days… used 1-9 days 47% used 10-29 days 11% used all 30 days 0.9%
Last time “partied”: drank 4 or fewer drinks 38% drank 5 or 6 12% drank 7 or more 15%
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NCHA-II:
In past two weeks, drank 5 or more drinks in one sitting…
1-2 times 21% 3-5 times 7% 6 or more times 2%
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It becomes abuse…
Slutske, 20053184 students ages 19-21
Clinically significant problems 18%Alcohol abuse 11.9%Alcohol dependence 6.1%
esp. problems at home, school, work and drinking then physically dangerous
activities
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Harmful effects of drinking
During past 12 months did something later regretted 31% forgot where you were or what you did 27% had unprotected sex 15% physically injured self 15% got in trouble with police 4% physically injured someone else 3% had sex without giving consent 2% seriously considered suicide 2% had sex without getting consent 0.5% One or more of the above 47%
ACHA-NCHA-II
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Academic Effects
25% of college students report academic consequences of drinking, including missing classes, falling behind, doing poorly on exams and papers, receiving lower grades
(several studies, reported in NIAAA Snapshot/College Drinking)
“A” average 3.3 drinks per week “D” or “F” average 9.0 drinks per week
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Community Effects
On campuses with >50% of students binge drinkers, 68.9% of non-binge drinkers said studying or sleep
had been affected since the beginning of the school year
>696,000 students 18-24 assaulted annually by drinker
11% students have vandalized property while drinking 2.1 million students drive under the influence
(NIAAA)
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What is “normal” drinking?
Moderate user…alcohol use does not exceed: Men 2 drinking days per week 14 drinks per week 5 drinks per occasion
Women 1 drinking day per week 7 drinks per week 4 drinks per occasion
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What about more than moderate use?
“At-risk” user exceeds the amount but no indication of negative effects
Problem user/abuser exceeds the amount and has negative effects
Dependent user shows abuse and 3C’s: compulsion to use, loss of control, continued use despite consequences
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Binge Drinking
Men >5 drinks per sitting
Women > 4 drinks per sitting
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Abuse and dependence
In past 12 months
Abuse (1 or more): drinking has repeatedly contributed to risk of bodily harm, relationship trouble, role failure, run-ins with the law 31% of students
Dependence (3 or more) : not been able to cut down or stop, kept drinking despite problems, spent a lot of time on drinking, spent less time on other pleasurable or important matters, shown signs of tolerance or withdrawal (tremors, sweating, nausea, insomnia when trying to cut down) 6% (NIAAA)
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Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)
NCHA-II:
Students having one or more drinks last time they partied (estimated using number of drinks, how much time, sex, and weight)
> .08 34.3%
> .10 27.1 %
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BAC Correlates
Principle effects are on memory, coordination, judgment
Effects can last for substantial time after drinking
REM sleep, hangovers
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And it’s not just alcohol…
MarijuanaCocaineAmphetaminesInhalantsSedativesClub DrugsHallucinogensOpiates (pain meds)
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Why do students use excessively?
American culture
College culture
Social lubricant
Self medication
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What can you do to help?
Ask about usage
Educate
Set expectations
Enforce with consequences—within your role
Refer/require treatment if indicated—within your role
Send home—within your role
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If you are concerned…
Ask
ask your student about substance use, explaining purpose is to assist; discuss/plan/troubleshoot
and /or help your student to access simple tools for screening
(AUDIT-C, BAC calculator, Personalized Feedback)
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Educate
Discuss personal reasons and goals for college
If substance abuse has been an issue in your family, talk about it
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Provide resources about harm reduction and cutting back
Counseling center website www.uc.edu/counseling Life-enhancing workshops “Alcohol and Your
Goals” Self-help information
CAPS services Personalized Feedback Urgent Care Counseling/Treatment
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Commission on Alcohol and Other Drug Education (CAODE) website
www.uc.edu/caode
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Set clear expectations about behavior in writing
Code of Conduct? Attendance? Academic performance? Safe behavior? Social functioning/rights of others?
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Be pro-active…
Notice, communicate, enforce
Pay attention to any signs of low functioning, including missing or being late for classes or other activities, poor grades, isolating, over-partying, decline in personal hygiene, tiredness, odd behavior, self-destructive behavior (cutting, risk-taking), impulsivity, moodiness, irritability, aggression, large weight changes, eating and sleep changes
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Bring it up
I am concerned about you/I care about you
I have noticed….
Is there something I might help you with?
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Reiterate behavioral expectations, be clear about time frame for improvement, expected behavior (positively worded if you can—what the student should do)
Friendly but not a friend!
Empathy but not enabling
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Refer or require* evaluation or treatment
Depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety co-occurring disorders are high risk Suicidal thoughts or behavior Black out
Medical emergencies: Withdrawal—may need supervision Alcohol poisoning (unconscious or confused; cold, clammy, pale, bluish
skin; slow or irregular breathing; vomit while passed out; seizure)
*Parents can require; faculty and staff cannot except as part of a University Judicial Affairs process
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Taking time off from college to get treatment
If problems are severe or persist Endangering self or others Disrupting learning environment
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From a mental health perspective
Treatment follows stages
Pre-contemplationContemplationPreparationAction MaintenanceRecurrent Use
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Consultations Welcome
“Faculty, staff, family friends” on our website
Call us for guidance in addressing your concerns with your son or daughter
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References
American College Health Association, National College Health Assessment-II, fall 2009 data
www.acha-ncha.org
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), A Snapshot of Annual High-Risk College Drinking Consequences -2007
www.collegedrinkingprevention.gov
Slutske, W. (2005) Alcohol Use Disorders Among US College Students and Their Non-College-Attending Peers. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 321-27.
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Counseling Center
Confidential counseling for UC students – individual and group
Free walk-in urgent care services during business hours
Consultation for faculty, staff, family, and friends concerned about a student
Workshops and presentations –
225 Calhoun St Suite 200 (513) 556-0648
www.uc.edu/counseling