Alcohol: Why it’s the #1 Drug of Concernand Environmental Strategies to Reduce

Underage Drinking

Please complete the Circles of San Antonio Community Survey on Underage Drinking

What do you think?

Our MissionCreating change through collaboration with

community stakeholders to educate and motivate individuals, families, organizations and institutions with the goal to prevent and

reduce alcohol and substance use.

Our VisionA community where young people are

respected, appreciated, and provided the opportunity to live safe and healthy lives.

Today’s Presenters Betsy Jones, MPA

◦ Coalition Coordinator, PFS Grant

Rudy Lopez, BA◦ Coalition Coordinator, DFC Grant

Boyd Baxter, CPS◦ Coalition Coordinator, CCP Grant

Vickie Adams◦ Coalition Director

Vickie AdamsCoalition Director

Boyd Baxter Coalition CoordinatorCCP Grant

Rudy LopezCoalition CoordinatorDFC Grant

Betsy JonesCoalition CoordinatorPFS Grant

Today’s Presenters

Today’s Objectives

• Secondary and College

Data

• Social Host OrdinancesAvailability

• Controlled Party DispersalEnforcement

• Increasing Alcohol Excise TaxesPrice

Alcohol is the most prevalent drug for youth, the first one used and the one used most often, and has the most negative consequences for students in our community.

The Number One Drug of Concern

Alcohol is abused more than all other drugs combined.

Alcohol IS a drug.

Really. Acetaldehyde (CH3CHO)

Alcohol isn’t really a drug. Alcohol is legal, so it must be safe. Alcohol is a good way to relax/sleep and it improves

sex. Passing out is your body’s way of taking care of you. There are quick ways to sober up or recover from too

much drinking. Some people are responsible enough to drink before 21. Everyone drinks at my school/Everyone drinks in

college.

Dangerous Misperceptions

Underage Drinking in San Antonio

28% have consumed alcohol in the last 30 days

20.4% have consumed to a level that is considered binge drinking

Average Age of First Use (Bexar County) is 11.3 years old

46% have consumed alcohol at some point

DSHS, TSS (2012)

61% have consumed alcohol in the last 30 days38% of women and 43% of men have consumed to a level that is

considered binge drinking

Average Age of First Use (College Students) is 16.6 years old

81% have consumed alcohol at some point

DSHS, TCS (2015)

Tobac

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ids

Marijuan

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Inhalants

Heroin

Hallucin

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Ecstas

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Cocaine/C

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Alcohol

Any Illicit

Drug

Rohypnol

Methamphet.

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Synthetic M

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0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70Grades 6-12: Lifetime Use

Region State Nation

Perc

enta

ge o

f You

th H

avin

g Ev

er U

sed

Alcohol Any Illicit Inhalants Marijuana Tobacco0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Past Month Use by Grade – Region 7&8

Grade 12 Grade 11 Grade 10 Grade 9Grade 8 Grade 7 Grade 6

Drug Usage by Texas College Students, by Gender

Drug Total %

Male %

Female %

Total %

Male% Female%

Total% Male% Female%

Alcohol 81.9 81.9 82 75.8 75.8 75.8 60.9 62.9 59.4Tobacco 55 60.8 50.6 43.1 51.4 36.7 25.7 34 19.3Inhalants 3.9 5.6 2.6 1.3 2 0.8 0.4 0.7 0.1

DXM 7.3 9.6 5.5 4 5 3.3 1.8 2.1 1.5

Marijuana 42.8 47.8 38.8 29.8 34.4 26.2 17.6 22.6 13.7Synthetic MJ 9 11.7 6.9 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.2 0.4 0.1

Cocaine 8.8 12.4 6.1 4.9 7.3 3 2.1 3 1.4

Stimulants 6.5 9.8 3.9 3.9 5.9 2.4 2.2 3.5 1.2

Sedatives 12.1 14.2 10.5 7.4 9 6.3 3 3.3 2.9

Hallucinogens 10.8 15.3 7.2 5.7 8.6 3.5 1.6 2.6 0.9

Heroin 1.2 1.9 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1

Other Narc 11.2 14.4 8.8 6.6 8.6 5 2.1 2.4 1.9

Steroids 1 1.9 0.4 0.5 1 0.1 0.2 0.4 0

GHB 1.1 1.9 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.2 0

MDMA 9.5 11.7 7.8 4.1 5.5 3.1 1.1 1.6 0.6

Lifetime Use Past-Year Use Past-Month Use

2015

Alcohol: 60.9%All Others: 58.2%

Drug Total %

Male %

Female %

Total %

Male% Female%

Total% Male% Female%

Alcohol - 2013

80.7 80.6 80.8 74.7 74.0 75.2 61.5 63.1 60.4

Drug Total %

Male %

Female %

Total %

Male% Female%

Total% Male% Female%

Alcohol - 2005

84.3 85.1 83.6 78.4 79.3 77.8 65.6 68.3 63.6

Alcohol Usage by Texas College Students, comparison 2005-2015

Lifetime Use Past-Year Use Past-Month Use

Alcohol - 2015 81.9 81.9 82 75.8 75.8 75.8 60.9 62.9 59.4

College: Binge Drinking

Past 30 Days

Male 41%Females 35%

14%

Binge Drinking

Binge Drinking: Five drinks in one sitting for menFour drinks in one sitting for women

11% of our region’s youth (grades 6-12) report binge drinking within the past 30 days.

College: Respondents Describe Themselves% Describe Themselves

16% Abstain Completely

54% Light Drinker

26% Moderate Drinker

4% Heavy Drinker

.5% Problem Drinker

AL7. How would you best describe yourself in terms of your current use of alcohol? 1. an abstainer that never drinks 2. a light drinker 3. a moderate drinker 4. a heavy drinker 5. a problem drinker

Comparing the Consequences

Other Consequences

Arguing with friends or

roommates

50%

Lower grade point

average

B+HopelessNervous

WorthlessDepressed

Drunk Driving Among College Students

2005 2013 2015Drove drunk 29% 25% 23%

Drove after 5+ drinks

11% 9% 9%

Rode with a driver who was high or drunk

23% 21% 25%

Served as designated driver

58%* 50% 50%

*In the 2005 survey, 11% of those students who said they served as a designated driver reported that they had at least one drink before driving.

Reasons for Quitting

Student Awareness of Campus Programs 40% did not know if their school had policies concerning

alcohol use. 60% did not know if their school had a prevention

program. 77% did not know if their school had peer education

programs.

2005 201350% 65%

Change in prevention awareness over time:

201560%

Students’ Opinions on Alcohol Policy 66% support prohibiting alcohol use and

possession on campus.

57% support banning alcohol advertising at campus events.

78% support fining organizations that serve to minors.

48% support denial of scholarships to students with alcohol-related convictions.

Environmental Strategies Identify a community problem

Incorporate prevention efforts that affect the entire population

Implement proven cost effective strategies producing widespread behavior changes in community norms, structures, systems, and policies

Lead to long term outcomes in reducing substance use and abuse

Substance Abuse And Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) SPF image

SHIFTS FOCUS FROM CHANGING AN INDIVIDUAL’S

BEHAVIORCHANGING THE

ENVIRONMENT IN WHICH THE INDIVIDUAL LIVES,

ACTS, RESPONDS

Environmental Prevention:Changing the Context

Seven Strategiesfor Community Change

1. Providing Information 2. Enhancing Skills 3. Providing Support 4. Enhancing/ Reducing

Access 5. Changing Consequences6. Physical Design7. Modifying/Changing

Policies

Education/ Awareness(Individual Strategies)

Environmental Strategies

(Entire Community)

Individual vs. EnvironmentalFOCUS: Individual Behavior

GOAL: eliminate personal alcohol use

TOOLS: education and developing refusal skills

WHO: Parent, teacher and child

FOCUS: policy, laws, attitudes, behaviors

GOAL: community control

TOOLS: media and policy advocacy, social pressure, enforcing laws

WHO: community, shared power

Price: Alcohol Excise Tax

Texas has not raised alcohol excise taxes since 1984.

Revenue from taxes can be used to fund prevention.

Because youth are more price-sensitive, raising taxes acts as a deterrent to youth consumption of alcohol and

tobacco.

$1.65

“Research indicates that increasing the cost of drinking can positively

affect adolescent decisions about alcohol use.”

- The Surgeon General's Call to Action to Prevent and Reduce Underage Drinking,

2007

Basic Economic Principle

Decreases the Demand for Alcohol

Increasing the Cost of

Alcohol

Afraid of the Word “Tax”

User fee• Alcohol is a luxury item• 46% of Texans won’t pay• Designed to offset costs

The Price of Cigarettes

Cigarette vs. Alcohol Excise Taxes

In order to match the excise tax collected on one carton of cigarettes (200 cigarettes)

Texas must collect excise taxes from the sale of 32 cases of beer (783 1/3 12oz servings)

200 cigarettes = 783 1/3 beers

~ 6 %

~ 16%

~ 32%

Prevalence in TX

.

~ 46%

Sources: National Institutes of Health; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

Drinking Pyramid

Low Risk Drinkers

Abstainers

Alcohol DependentRisky or Harmful

Drinkers

Texas Alcohol Excise Tax RatesAlcohol Type Current Tax

Rate (volume)Per drink (standard unit)

Rate if indexed for inflation

Beer $0.19/gallon 1.8¢ (12 oz.) $0.43/gallon

Wine (<14% Alcohol)

$0.20/gallon 0.8¢ (5 oz.) $0.45/gallon

Distilled Spirits $2.40/gallon 2.8¢ (1.5 oz.) $5.38/gallon

Source: Diaz, M.C., & Chaloupka, F.J. (2014) The Effects of Alcohol Excise Tax Increases in Texas.

Texas Louisiana Arkansas Oklahoma New Mexico$0.00

$1.00

$2.00

$3.00

$4.00

$5.00

$6.00

$7.00

Excise tax per gallon BeerExcise tax per gallon WineExcise tax per gallon Distilled Spirits

Texas Alcohol Excise Tax Compared to Neighboring States

Source: Alcohol Policy Information System,http://alcoholpolicy.niaaa.nih.gov/, 03/2016

Cost of Excessive Alcohol Consumption and Total Alcohol Tax Collections in 2013

* Total Alcohol Tax Collections include: mixed beverage tax, beer, wine , liquor and malt excise tax,and airline/passenger train beverage tax.

2013

Dol

lars

( In

Milli

ons o

f Dol

lars

)

Generating revenue and reducing consumption

Changes in Consumption Given Various Excise Tax Increases  Proposed Tax Increase per Drink  $

0.05 $ 0.10

$ 0.25

$ 0.30

Reduction in Spirit Consumption

-5.8% -11.5% -28.9% -34.6%

Reduction in Wine Consumption

-3.5% -7.0% -17.5% -21.1%

Reduction in Beer Consumption

-4.2% -8.4% -21.0% -25.2%

Increase in Alcohol Tax Revenue (in millions)

$ 383.00

$ 707.99

$1,419.35

$1,568.59

Source: Texas Alcoholic Beverage Commission, 2014 and Diaz and Chaloupka. The Effects of Alcohol Excise Tax Increases in Texas, 2014.

Health and Safety Effects

Alcohol Tax and Price Increases

Binge drinking, Crime, Sexual Assaults, Homicide, Suicide, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, STDs, Violence Against Children

Total Number

Percent Attributable to Alcohol Consumption

Total Attributable to Alcohol Consumption

Expected Reduction with 10 Cent Increase per Drink

Traffi c Deaths 3,398 38% 1,296 112

Homicides 1,363 47% 641 55

Alcoholic Liver disease 1,083 100% 1,083 93

Liver Cirrhosis 2,274 40% 910 78

Alcohol Abuse 82 100% 82 7

Suicide 2,889 23% 664 57

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome 771 100% 771 66Teenage Pregnancy 48,424 9% 4,165 359Alcohol Dependence or Abuse 1,313,000 100% 1,313,000 113,205

Heavy Alcohol Use 1,200,000 100% 1,200,000 103,462

Underage Drinking in the past 30 days 1,512,932 36% 544,656 46,959Underage Binge Drinking 1,512,932 21% 317,716 27,393

Reductions in Mortality, Illness, and Violence (Texas 2013)

Mortality

Illness and Teenage Pregnancy

Prevelance of Underage Drinking (15-18 year olds)

Source: Diaz,M.C., Chaloupka, F.J., Jernigan, D.H., The Effects of Alcohol Excise Tax Increases on Public Health and Safety in Texas, pg. 10 (2015)

Poll on KVUE-ABC Austin, March 2015◦ Do you think raising the tax on alcohol would

reduce Underage Drinking? Yes 73% No 27%

Texas Lyceum Poll 2010◦ Majority of Texans say increasing alcohol taxes

would be their first or second choice to raise additional revenue to cover budget shortfalls

Public Opinion Polls

The Zero Alcohol for Youth Campaign is a youth-led, adult-supported, community-wide campaign to address underage drinking in communities across Texas.

San Antonio Police Explorers Post # 399 South Patrol

Lanier H.S. Police Explorers

The Price Isn’t Right

16 oz. bottle of

milk

16 oz. bottle of

juice

20 oz. bottle of

soda

16 oz. can of beer

The Price Isn’t Right

16 oz. bottle of

milk $1.59*

16 oz. bottle of

juice 1.89*

20 oz. bottle of

soda $1.59*

16 oz. can of beer

$1.59*

www.dimeadrinktx.org

• Simple Information• Myths vs. Facts• Issue Brief• Impact Report• Resolution

Source: www.dimeadrinktx.org

Excise Tax◦ Reducing overall alcohol consumption statewide

Social Host Accountability◦ Reducing underage drinking locally

Two prong approach

Access Point Most of the time

Always Total

Home 8.1 3.1 11.2

Friends 15.4 5.5 20.9

Parties 14.1 14.3 28.4

Store 3.6 1.2 4.8

Other Sources

7.1 6 13.1

Availability: Social Access

DSHS, TSS (2012)

Social Acces

s

• Friends• Parties• Adult purchasers• Family members

Alcohol Access

• 63% of secondary studentsDSHS, TSS (2012)

Parties are high risk settings for binge

drinking and consequences

Alcohol provided free or at low cost per

drink

Often unsupervised; sometimes with parental/adult

permission

Increased risk for DUI, riding with

drunk driver, sexual assault, violence, injuries, vandalism

Underage Drinking Parties

Underage Drinking Parties

A tweet sent out by someone believed to be an organizer says "We hired an off duty cop, he doesn't care about smoking and drinking, all he cares about is keeping tonight with 0 fights.  Let's party.“ (source; Fox News San Antonio)

Underage Drinking Parties

Who is a Social Host?An individual who provides alcohol to minors in a home or other private property and/or is the “responsible party” of a social setting where underage drinking occurs

AccountabilityLocal ordinance that impose civil penalties against individuals (social hosts) responsible for underage drinking events on property they own, lease, or otherwise control.

Social Host Accountability

Class A Misdemeanor• Purchasing/Furnishing alcohol to minors is a Class A misdemeanor –

just one degree below a felony

Penalties• Up to 1 year in jail and $4,ooo fine.• Possible suspension of DL for 180 days• Up to 4o hours of alcohol education and/or community service

Allows for parent, legal guardian, or spouse • To give alcohol to their own minor if in plain visible sight at all times

of consumption

Texas Provision to Minors Law

Civil LiabilityYou can be held civilly liable for damages caused by the intoxication of a minor younger than 18.

If you knowingly provided alcohol or allowed the minor to be served alcohol on property owned or leased, and…

They, in turn, hurt someone, hurt themselves, or damage property.

Why is Social Hosting an issue?

Current Texas law can be difficult to enforce.Carries a high burden of proof

Lack of understanding and disregard of the law

Social belief that Underage Drinking is normal

“A rite of passage” “Going to happen anyway”

What is a Social Host Ordinance?

A local law that holds adults civilly liable for providing alcohol to minors and/or has responsibility for social

setting where underage drinking occurs.

Ideally includes

Civil Penalties Cost Recovery Component

Goal

Create Adult Accountability

Reduce Large Underage Drinking Parties

Basic Components

Social Host

Ordinance

Civil Penalty

Cost Recovery

Due Process

Nuisance or Zoning

Code Violation

An evidence-based, organized, tactical response to underage drinking parties.

Enforcement: Controlled Party Dispersal

San Antonio Police Academy; SAPD Tactical Unit, Police Explorers, (2015)

Controlled Party DispersalGoals: Safely contain the party participants Issue appropriate citations Effectively control release to parents Identify & hold responsible those who supplied the alcohol Creates Media Awareness

SAPD Training (2015)

Controlled Party DispersalOutcomes Reduces size and frequency of parties Publicize consequences Focus attention on underlying problem Promotes unified, community-wide approach to creating

a safer healthier community

San Antonio AACOG 2013

Call to ActionAct as a

Community Lifeguard

Report underage drinking parties

Reduce Youth Access to Alcohol

Complete a Price

Comparison Survey

Be a Spokesperson

Educate the public on the

costs and dangers

Advocate for Social Host

Accountability

Advocate for schools to

collect data

Join the COSA Coalition

Help build community awareness

Learn more about

strategies

Join usCircles of San Antonio Community CoalitionMeets on second Wednesday of each month

3:00PM-4:30PM

www.circlesofsa.org

Complete the COSA Community Agreement

Evaluations and Q/A Presentation can be found on

www.slideshare.net/circlesofSA

You’re an essential piece!Visit our Social Media Pages

facebook.com/CirclesofSAtwitter.com/CirclesofSA

youtube.com/CirclesofSA

CONTACT US!

Boyd Baxter, IPS, CPSCoalition Coordinatorbbaxter@sacada.org

Betsy Jones, MPACoalition Coordinatorbjones@sacada.org

Rudy Lopez, BACoalition Coordinatorrlopez@sacada.org

References Texans Standing Tall www.texansstandingtall.org Texans for Education, Health and Safety www.dimeadrinktx.org http://www.samhsa.gov/capt/sites/default/files/images/spf-diagram-lg.jpg Diaz,M.C., Chaloupka, F.J., Jernigan, D.H., The Effects of Alcohol Excise Tax

Increases on Public Health and Safety in Texas, (2015) Fox News San Antonio,

http://www.foxsanantonio.com/news/features/top-stories/stories/edgewood-isd-officer-investigated-underage-drinking-party-4587.shtml#.U6scUk1OWM9

Texas Alcoholic Beverage Code, (2013) Section 106.06 AB Code, TABC Circles of San Antonio. (2015). Community Needs Assessment. San

Antonio: San Antonio Council on Alcohol and Drug Abuse. Department of State Health Services. Texas School Survey of Substance

Use among Students, Grades 7-12, (2012) Texas Dept. of Transportation, Texans Standing Tall, Zero Alcohol for Youth

Campaign Texas School Survey of Drug and Alcohol Use, 2014. Texas Survey of Substance Use Among College Students, 2005, 2013,

2015.