New Horizons OPAG Briefing Alan Stern/New Horizons Mission PI

SwRI 06 September 2017

Extended Mission Overview q  New Horizons is healthy and conducting a multi-pronged Kuiper Extended Mission (KEM) to study the Kuiper Belt: 2016-2021.

q  Close flyby of the cold classical KBO 2014 MU69 on 1 Jan 2019. MU69 downlink thru ~1 Sep 2020.

q  Spacecraft ending current hibernation 11 Sep for active science ops and TCM. q  Power and fuel to operate to ~2035.

q  OPAG Talk Topics Today: ü  Pluto Mission Update ü  Extended Mission Update ü  Pluto/KB Follow On Missions

Pluto Prime Mission Update q  All Pluto Data to Earth: October 2016

q  All Pluto data delivered to PDS (April 2017); Pluto Mission Metadata to PDS: September 2017 q  NH Science Team continuing to produce papers at a steady clip:

q  Icarus special issue w/24 papers (May 2017) q  >50 abstracts submitted for the upcoming DPS (October) and AGU (December) q  Just published:

q  Kammer et al. on O2 limits in Pluto’s atmosphere (Astron. J.) q  Recent Reviews:

q  Nature (Olkin et al 2017) q  ARAA (Stern et al. 2018)

q  Recently accepted : q  Moore et al. (Icarus) Pluto’s bladed terrain q  Dalle Ore et al. (Icarus) Charon’s surface composition q  Young et al. (Icarus) UV solar occultation

q  Recently submitted: q  Lauer et al. (Icarus) Ring/debris constraints q  Cook et al. (Icarus) Composition of small satellites q  Cook et al. (Icarus) Water ice distribution on Pluto q  Hinson et al. (Icarus) Pluto’s ionosphere q  Schenk et al. (Icarus) Pluto DEM q  Linscott et al. (Icarus) Pluto surface thermal measurements (REX) q  Grundy et al. (Icarus) Pluto haze as source of dark, red surface material

q  Numerous papers being circulated internally before submission; Examples: q  Schenk et al. Charon DEM q  Olkin et al. Pluto surface colors

q  Next NH Science Team Meeting is 2018 Jan 17-19, at APL; Open to All.

Sample Recent Results

Dunes and Wind Streaks (Telfer et al., Science, submitted 2017)

Far Side Analyses (Olkin et al., Icarus, submitted 2017)

Bladed Terrains (Moore et al., Icarus, submitted 2017)

Extended Mission Overview Ø SMD Senior Review process approved a 5-year, 2016-2021 KB exploration mission.

Ø Distant observations of 24-30 other KBOs and numerous Centaurs (2016-2020).

Ø KB heliospheric plasma/dust/neutral gas cruise science to 50 AU (2016-2021). Ø The 2018-2019 close flyby of KBO 2014 MU69.

Ø Target of opportunity observations of KBO mutual events, stellar occultations, etc. as they present themselves.

Scientific Payload ü  LORRI—Long Focal Length Imager ü Ralph—IR Spectrograph, Color Imager ü  Alice—UV Imaging Spectrograph ü REX—Brightness Temperatures and BiStatic Radar

ü  SDC—Dust Impact Detector ü  SWAP—KeV Charged Particle Spectrometer ü  PEPSSI—MeV Charged Particle Spectrometer

PT1 2014

Extended Mission Science Objectives

ü  Imaging, Stereo

ü  IR Spectroscopy ü  Imaging ü  Imaging, UV Spectroscopy ü  Imaging, IR Spectroscopy ü  Imaging ü  Imaging ü  Imaging, IR Spectroscopy ü  Imaging ü  Charged Particle Spectra

ü  Charged Particle Spectra, Dust Counter, Radio, Imaging

ü  Dust Counter, Charged Particle Spectra, UV Spectroscopy

ü  Imaging, Radio ü  Imaging

ü  IR and UV Spectroscopy ü  BiStatic Radar ü  Various

PT1 2014

MU69 Flyby News Ø Prime and Alternate Trajectories.

Ø Flyby distances: 3500 km (Prime), 10,000 km (Alternate).

Ø Compare to Pluto at 12,500 km.

2014 MU69 Overview

PT1 2014

PT1 Diameter (p~0.11) ~30 km Color ~0.3 mag

redder than Pluto Semi-major Axis 44.2 AU Eccentricity 0.036 Inclination 1.9 deg Cold Classical Yes (96.5%)

Recent MU69 Results

PT1 2014

Ø Stellar Occultations: 2017 03 June, 10 July, 17 July events using ~70 telescopes, plus SOFIA and HST: Measured size, likely binarity, debris constraints.

Ø HST Lightcurve: Low LC amplitude (<20%).

Buie et al. (2017 in prep) Benecchi et al. (2017, in prep.)

New Horizons: A Kuiper Belt Observatory

q Observing Dozens of Distant Large and Small KBOs and Centaurs.

q In Unique Ways That Only New Horizons Can.

q Studies During 2016-2020 Include: q  Close Satellite Searches q  Extended Phase Curves q  Dust/Ring Searches q  Orbits and Astrometry q  Lightcurves, Shapes q  Helio Plasma, Dust, & Gas

q Numerous results papers in early prep.

SAP ReqId StartTime,DOY StartTime,Cal DescriptionSCIBLOCK261-263

LORRI-082a K3LR_NGC3532_082a_L1L4_2017261__cal 2017-261T11:00:00 18Sep201711:00:00 CalibrationCheckLORRI-117a K3LR_HZ84_117a_L2_2017261__DKBO 2017-261T13:00:00 18Sep201713:00:00 DistantKBOobservation-HZ84LORRI-117b K3LR_HZ84_117b_L2_2017261__DKBO 2017-261T14:00:00 18Sep201714:00:00 DistantKBOobservation-HZ84LORRI-117c K3LR_HZ84_117c_L2_2017261__DKBO 2017-261T15:00:00 18Sep201715:00:00 DistantKBOobservation-HZ84LORRI-105e K3LR_Quaoar_105e_L2_2017261__DKBO 2017-261T18:00:00 18Sep201718:00:00 DistantKBOobservation-QuaoarLORRI-105f K3LR_Quaoar_105f_L2_2017261__DKBO 2017-261T20:08:24 18Sep201720:08:24 DistantKBOobservation-QuaoarLORRI-116a K3LR_QE394_116a_L2_2017262__DKBO 2017-262T00:00:00 19Sep201700:00:00 DistantKBOobservation-QE394LORRI-105g K3LR_Quaoar_105g_L2_2017261__DKBO 2017-262T16:08:24 19Sep201716:08:24 DistantKBOobservation-QuaoarLORRI-105h K3LR_Quaoar_105h_L2_2017261__DKBO 2017-262T18:16:48 19Sep201718:16:48 DistantKBOobservation-QuaoarLORRI-116b K3LR_OE394_116b_L2_2017263__DKBO 2017-263T00:00:00 20Sep201700:00:00 DistantKBOobservation-OE394

SCIBLOCK263-265LORRI-118a K3LR_HJ103_118a_L2_2017263__DKBO 2017-263T11:00:00 20Sep201711:00:00 DistantKBOobservation-2011-HJ103LORRI-116c K3LR_OE394_116c_L2_2017264__DKBO 2017-264T00:00:00 21Sep201700:00:00 DistantKBOobservation-OE394LORRI-115c-g K3LR_MU69ApprField_115c_L2_2017264

K3LR_MU69ApprField_115d_L2_2017264K3LR_MU69ApprField_115e_L2_2017264K3LR_MU69ApprField_115f_L1_2017264K3LR_MU69ApprField_115g_L1_2017264

2017-264T14:00:00 21Sep201714:00:00 OpnavMU69approachstarfield.5visitsback-to-back.

SCIBLOCK265-267LORRI-121a K3LR_HE85_121a_L2_2017265__DKBO 2017-265T19:40:00 22Sep201719:40:00 DistantKBOobservation-HE85

q  Porter et al. (ApJ, 2016). q  First high phase observations of a KBO (up to 58 degrees!)

q Phase curve fit indicates a rough surface.

q  1st measurement of rotation period: 5.5 hrs.

q  Accurate new astrometry constrains orbital evolution.

A KBO Observatory: 1994 JR1 Results

Additional High-Phase Dwarf Planet Observations

q Four dwarf planets already observed at high phase.

q Detected clearly heterogeneous phase curve behaviors.

q Numerous additional high-phase observations planned.

PT1 2014

Kuiper Belt Dust Results

Future Extended Mission Concept (Post 2021)

q  Power and Fuel to Fly through mid-2030s.

q  Senior Review EM Proposal 2 for 2021-2024: q  Additional KBO Flyby Search Now Under Way q  Numerous KBO and Centaur Observations q  New KBO & Centaur Targets Expected from LSST q  Giant Planet Observations q  Astrophysical Applications q  Heliospheric Science q  Pale Blue Dot “21”, etc. for EPO

q  Add FSW Applications Codes to ~100x Enhance Productivity as an Observatory.

Pluto/KB Follow On Missions

q The complex nature of Pluto has spurred interest in PFO (Pluto Follow On) orbiter missions.

q Additional interest exists in flyby exploration of Centaurs and KBO planets to explore the diversity of this population.

PFO Studies and Interest Groups

q Early Mission Studies at: q SwRI q Ball q Lockheed-Martin q GSFC

q PKB Follow On Community Interest Group: Already >100 Members. (Email to Join: ksinger@boulder.swri.edu)

q DPS-2017 PFO Workshop: October 15, 3:30-5:30 pm.

q Want NASA to Fund Pre-Decadal Studies.