Beginning Microcontrollers MSP430 Tutorial - Gustavo Litovsky
Alan Kan , Corey Stoelb , Matthew Goupell , Ruth Litovsky
description
Transcript of Alan Kan , Corey Stoelb , Matthew Goupell , Ruth Litovsky
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Binaural Hearing and Speech Laboratory
Possible Implications of Interaural Mismatch in the Place-of-Stimulation
on Spatial Release from Masking in Cochlear Implant Listeners
Alan Kan, Corey Stoelb, Matthew Goupell, Ruth Litovsky
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Binaural Hearing and Speech Laboratory
Cochlear Implants (CI) restore hearing
Source: http://www.cochlear.com/uk/node/6858
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Binaural Hearing and Speech Laboratory
Binaural cues tells us where sounds come from
Bang!
Interaural time difference (ITD)
Interaural level difference (ILD)
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Binaural Hearing and Speech Laboratory
Spatial Release from Masking (SRM)
The improvement in speech-in-noise understanding gained from a separation
between target and masker sources
TargetMasker
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Binaural Hearing and Speech Laboratory
Loizou et. al. (2009)
SRM
(dB)
SRM
(dB)
CI users Normal hearing listeners
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Binaural Hearing and Speech Laboratory
Interaural place-of-stimulation mismatch
Base Apex
Left
Right
Electrode # 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22Electrode #
20000 Hz 20 Hz7000 Hz 4000 Hz
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Binaural Hearing and Speech Laboratory
Mismatch affects SRM
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Binaural Hearing and Speech Laboratory
What is the effect of mismatch on sound image fusion?
Base Apex
Left
Right
Electrode # 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22Electrode #
20000 Hz 20 Hz
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Binaural Hearing and Speech Laboratory
Find a matched pair via pitch matching
Base Apex
Left
Right
Electrode # 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22Electrode #
20000 Hz 20 Hz
Δ=0
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Binaural Hearing and Speech Laboratory
Mismatch conditions
Base Apex
Left
Right
Electrode # 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22Electrode #
20000 Hz 20 Hz
Δ=0Δ=-2 Δ=-4 Δ=-8Δ=2Δ=4Δ=8
Right higher in frequency Left higher in frequency
1.5 mm
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Binaural Hearing and Speech Laboratory
What do you hear?
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Binaural Hearing and Speech Laboratory
Mismatch affects where a sound is perceived
Left higher in frequency
Right higher in frequency
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Binaural Hearing and Speech Laboratory
Mismatch affects people differently
Left higher in frequency
Right higher in frequency
Left higher in frequency
Right higher in frequency
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Binaural Hearing and Speech Laboratory
Increasing mismatch leads to more split sound images
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Binaural Hearing and Speech Laboratory
Most people lateralize towards high frequencies
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Binaural Hearing and Speech Laboratory
Possible Implications
Target
Lateralized sound image
TargetTarget
Split sound image
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Binaural Hearing and Speech Laboratory
How does mismatch affect sounds off the mid-line?
Typical values:•ILD = 0; ±2; ±5; ±10 CU•ITD = 0; ±100; ±200; ±400; ±800 µs•Negative values mean sound is to the left.
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Binaural Hearing and Speech Laboratory
Good lateralization at no mismatch
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Binaural Hearing and Speech Laboratory
Mismatch affect ILDs
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Binaural Hearing and Speech Laboratory
Mismatch affect ILDs
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Binaural Hearing and Speech Laboratory
Mismatch affect ITDs even more
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Binaural Hearing and Speech Laboratory
Non-midline crossings increase with mismatch
L
C
R
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Binaural Hearing and Speech Laboratory
Possible Implications
Lateralized sound image Split sound image
Masker MaskerMasker
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Binaural Hearing and Speech Laboratory
Possible implications on SRM
Target
Masker
TargetMaskersLateralized Image
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Binaural Hearing and Speech Laboratory
Possible implications on SRM
Target
Masker
Target MaskersLateralized Image
TargetMaskersLateralized Image
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Binaural Hearing and Speech Laboratory
Possible implications on SRM
Target
Masker
TargetMaskersTargetMaskers
Split Image
Target MaskersLateralized Image
TargetMaskersLateralized Image
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Binaural Hearing and Speech Laboratory
Summary
• Interaural place-of-stimulation mismatch leads to lateralized or split sound images which affects perceived location of sounds
• Depending on location of target and masker, interaural mismatch might increase or hinder spatial release from masking
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Binaural Hearing and Speech Laboratory
Thank you
• We’d like to thank our research participants for participating in our experiments, and Cochlear Ltd. for supplying the equipment and technical support.
• This work is supported by NIH-NIDCD R01003083 (Litovsky) and in part by a core grant to the Waisman Center from the NICHD (P30 HD03352).
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