al-zahrawi abulcasis

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37 JISHIM 2003, 1 Al-Zahrawi (Albucasis) - A Light In The Dark Middle Ages In Europe "Without doubt Albucasis was the chief of all surgeons." Pietro Argallata Dr. Sharif Kaf Al-GHAZAL, MD, MS, RCS (Plast. Cert.), DM (Plast)* * Plastic, Reconstructive & Hand Surgeon Bradford, England Abu al-Qasim Khalaf bin Abbas Al-Zahrawi (A.D. 936-1013), known to the West by his Latin name Albucasis, was born in Al Zahraa, six miles northwest of Cordoba in Andalusia. He was simply the greatest Muslim surgeon, with European surgeons of his time coming to regard him as a greater author- ity than even Galen, the ancient world's acknowl- edged master. It is clear from Al-Zahrawi's life his- tory and from his writings that he devoted his entire life and genius to the advancement of medicine as a whole and surgery in particular. What is known about Al-Zahrawi is contained in his only written work: At-Tasrif liman 'Ajiza 'an at- Ta'lif (The Method of Medicine). At-Tasrif is a medical encyclopaedia compendium of 30 volumes compiled from medical data that Al-Zahrawi accu- mulated in a medical career that spanned five decades of teaching and medical practice. He apparently trav- elled very little but had wide experience in treating accident victims and war casualties. The last and largest volume of At-Tasrif, "On Surgery," was nothing less than the greatest achieve- ment of medieval surgery. It was the first independ- ent surgical treatise ever written in detail. It included many pictures of surgical instruments, most invented by Al-Zahrawi himself, and explanations of their use. Al-Zahrawi was the first medical author to pro- vide illustrations of instruments used in surgery. There are approximately 200 such drawings ranging from a tongue depressor and a tooth extractor to a catheter and an elaborate obstetric device. The variety of operations covered is amazing. In this treatise Al Zahrawi discussed bloodletting, mid- wifery and obstetrics, the treatment of wounds, the extraction of arrows and the setting of bones in simple and compound fractures. He also promoted the use of antiseptics in wounds and skin injuries; devised sutures from animal intestines, silk, wool and other substances. He described the exposure and division of the tempo- ral artery to relieve certain types of headaches, diver- sion of urine into the rectum, reduction mammoplasty for excessively large breasts and the extraction of cataracts. He wrote extensively about injuries to bones and joints, even mentioning fractures of the nasal bones and of the vertebrae, in fact 'Kocher's method' for reducing a dislocated shoulder was described in At- Tasrif long before Kocher was born ! Al-Zahrawi outlined the use of caustics in sur- gery, fully described tonsillectomy, tracheotomy and craniotomy operations which he had performed on a dead foetus. He explained how to use a hook to extract a polyp from the nose, how to use a bulb syringe he had invented for giving enemas to children and how to use a metallic bladder syringe and speculum to extract bladder stones. Al Zahrawi was the first to describe the so-called "Walcher position" in obstetrics; the first to depict dental arches, tongue depressors and lead catheters and the first to describe clearly the hereditary circumstances surrounding haemophilia. He also described ligaturing of blood vessels long before Ambroise Pare. In this article, Al-Zahrawis life and his works are stressed and his place in the Islamic surgery is pointed out. Moreover, his books importance is examined and some samples are given from these books. Key Words: Al-Zahrawi, History of Medicine, Islamic Medicine Summary

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Islamic Scientist, Golden Era of the world giving the foundations to Modern World Science

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