AL-Najah National University AL-Najah National University Faculty Of Engineering Faculty Of Engineering

EFFECT OF GLASS POWDER ON EFFECT OF GLASS POWDER ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF

MORTARMORTAR

Designed by : Designed by : Sameh Zabadi Sameh Zabadi Taher SameerTaher Sameer

Shaker AlhanblyShaker Alhanbly

EFFECT OF GLASS EFFECT OF GLASS POWDER ON THE POWDER ON THE

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MORTAROF MORTAR

What is Concrete ? What is Concrete ?

ConcreteConcrete : is a : is a composite construction material construction material composed of composed of cement (commonly (commonly Portland cement) ) and other cementitious materials such as and other cementitious materials such as fly ash and and slag cement, , aggregate (generally a coarse (generally a coarse

aggregate made of gravels or crushed rocks such aggregate made of gravels or crushed rocks such as as limestone, or , or granite, plus a fine aggregate such , plus a fine aggregate such

as as sand), ), water, and chemical admixtures., and chemical admixtures.The word concrete comes from the Latin word The word concrete comes from the Latin word

"concretus" (meaning compact or condensed), the "concretus" (meaning compact or condensed), the perfect passive participle of "concresco", from perfect passive participle of "concresco", from

"com-" (together) and "cresco" (to grow)."com-" (together) and "cresco" (to grow).

MaterialsMaterials

CementCement

WaterWater

AggregatesAggregates

Glass powderGlass powder

AdditivesAdditives

Chemical Chemical Admixtures Admixtures

The ObjectivesThe Objectives The objective of this study is to show:The objective of this study is to show:

1- the effect of adding Glass Powder to 1- the effect of adding Glass Powder to concrete to improve the properties of concrete to improve the properties of

concrete.concrete.2- The effect of adding Glass Powder as 2- The effect of adding Glass Powder as

an admixture on the durability and the an admixture on the durability and the thermal insulation .thermal insulation .

3- The benefits of addition Glass Powder 3- The benefits of addition Glass Powder is to minimize the risk of the is to minimize the risk of the

Environmental Pollution.Environmental Pollution.

Literature Review Literature Review

In 2009, Engineer Imad Qasim In 2009, Engineer Imad Qasim doing a study on doing a study on the impact of glass powder on concrete and he was the impact of glass powder on concrete and he was made some tests ; These tests include compressive made some tests ; These tests include compressive

strength, flexural strength, and flow table test strength, flexural strength, and flow table test (workability test).(workability test).

Twenty kilograms of glass powder was used as a Twenty kilograms of glass powder was used as a partial replacement for cement and sand (silica and partial replacement for cement and sand (silica and

limestone) by 0%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. Seven limestone) by 0%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. Seven mortar mixtures were tested at room temperature, mortar mixtures were tested at room temperature,

four mixtures were cured by water and three four mixtures were cured by water and three mixtures were cured by high pressure steam curing mixtures were cured by high pressure steam curing

(autoclaving).(autoclaving).

MethodologyMethodology

We will crash fourty five kilograms of waste We will crash fourty five kilograms of waste flat glass and prepare it as powder to be used flat glass and prepare it as powder to be used as cementitous or filler materials in mortar as cementitous or filler materials in mortar mixes. mixes. In Those mixtures waste glass powder we In Those mixtures waste glass powder we used them as replacement of cement or sand used them as replacement of cement or sand at percentage 0% , 5% , 10% , 15% , in order at percentage 0% , 5% , 10% , 15% , in order to show the effect of waste glass powder on to show the effect of waste glass powder on the mechanical properties of mortar and the the mechanical properties of mortar and the thermal insulation . thermal insulation .

CompositionComposition

There are many types of concrete available, created by There are many types of concrete available, created by varying the proportions of the main ingredients below. By varying the proportions of the main ingredients below. By varying the proportions of materials, or by substitution for varying the proportions of materials, or by substitution for

the cemetitious and aggregate phases, the finished product the cemetitious and aggregate phases, the finished product can be tailored to its application with varying strength, can be tailored to its application with varying strength, density, or chemical and thermal resistance properties.density, or chemical and thermal resistance properties.

The mix design depends on the type of structure being built, The mix design depends on the type of structure being built, how the concrete will be mixed and delivered, and how it how the concrete will be mixed and delivered, and how it

will be placed to form this structure.will be placed to form this structure.

Concrete is strong in compression, as Concrete is strong in compression, as the aggregate efficiently carries the the aggregate efficiently carries the

compression load. However, it is weak in compression load. However, it is weak in tension as the cement holding the tension as the cement holding the

aggregate in place can crack, allowing aggregate in place can crack, allowing the structure to fail. Reinforced concrete the structure to fail. Reinforced concrete solves these problems by adding either solves these problems by adding either steel reinforcing bars, steel fibers, glass steel reinforcing bars, steel fibers, glass

fiber, or plastic fiber to carry tensile fiber, or plastic fiber to carry tensile loads.loads.

ReinforcementReinforcement

experimental Work experimental Work ( Tests on concrete )( Tests on concrete )

WorkabilityWorkability

Workability is the ability of a fresh (plastic) concrete mix to fill Workability is the ability of a fresh (plastic) concrete mix to fill the form/mold properly with the desired work (vibration) and the form/mold properly with the desired work (vibration) and without reducing the concrete's quality. Workability depends without reducing the concrete's quality. Workability depends on water content, aggregate (shape and size distribution), on water content, aggregate (shape and size distribution), cementitious content and age (level of hydration), and can cementitious content and age (level of hydration), and can

be modified by adding chemical admixtures, like be modified by adding chemical admixtures, like superplasticizer. Raising the water content or adding superplasticizer. Raising the water content or adding

chemical admixtures will increase concrete workability. chemical admixtures will increase concrete workability. Excessive water will lead to increased bleeding (surface Excessive water will lead to increased bleeding (surface

water) and/or segregation of aggregates (when the cement water) and/or segregation of aggregates (when the cement and aggregates start to separate), with the resulting concrete and aggregates start to separate), with the resulting concrete

having reduced quality. having reduced quality.

WorkabilityWorkability

Different tests have been developed on Different tests have been developed on workability :workability :

1-Slump test .1-Slump test .2-Flow test .2-Flow test .3-Subjective assessment .3-Subjective assessment .4-Penetration test .4-Penetration test .5-Mixer test .5-Mixer test .6-Remolding test .6-Remolding test .7-Compaction test .7-Compaction test .

Compressive strength resultCompressive strength resultReplacment by cement Replacment by cement

Mix NO . Strength (Mpa) with Curing time (7 days)

Strength (Mpa) with Curing time ( 28days).

1 )0% 16 23

15.5 23

16 23

2 )5% 14.5 22

15 22

15 22

3 )10% 14 20

14 20.5

14 19.5

4 )15% 13 18.5

12.5 19

12.5 19

Replacment by cementReplacment by cement

in 7 days in 7 days In 28 days In 28 days

Compressive strength resultCompressive strength resultReplacment by limestone sand Replacment by limestone sand

Mix NO . Strength (Mpa) with Curing time (7 days)

Strength (Mpa) with Curing time ( 28days).

1 )0% 16 23

15.5 23

16 23

2 )5% 19 25

18 25

18.5 25

3 )10% 19 26

19 25.5

19 26

4 )15% 19 25

18.5 25

19 24.5

Replacement by limestone sandReplacement by limestone sand

In 7 days In 7 days In 28 days In 28 days

Comparing in days Comparing in days

In 7 days In 7 days In 28 days In 28 days

We obtained significant results We obtained significant results for this test ) compressive for this test ) compressive

strength test ), because the strength test ), because the results resemble the results results resemble the results

very closely that Eng : Imad Al-very closely that Eng : Imad Al-Qasem found in and support Qasem found in and support

his M.Sc. Thesis . his M.Sc. Thesis .

Heat Flow TestHeat Flow TestDepends on heat transfer with time .Depends on heat transfer with time .

basically the apparatus consists of tow plates with basically the apparatus consists of tow plates with dimensions of )54*54) cm, one is upper the other other is dimensions of )54*54) cm, one is upper the other other is below, knowing that the upper is flexible , and we can move it, below, knowing that the upper is flexible , and we can move it, as needed.as needed.

Procedure :Procedure : - - heating the upper plate to constant temperature .heating the upper plate to constant temperature .

-- Putting any material between plates . Putting any material between plates .

- the heat well transfer through the material to the lower plate . - the heat well transfer through the material to the lower plate .

- the apparatus well calculate the heat transfer rate, and given - the apparatus well calculate the heat transfer rate, and given the value of conductivity of the material. the value of conductivity of the material.

With 15 % Replacement by With 15 % Replacement by limestone limestone

Without WGP Without WGP

Heat Flow Test ResultsHeat Flow Test Results

Thermal risistance

K/W

HFT Thermal conductivity

W/m.k

Without

WGP

0.06804 126.0403 0.4749

15 %

Limeston

e Rep

0..06648 119.864 0.46607

15%

Cement

Rep

error error Error

The results show that there is not a The results show that there is not a significant effect measured when the glass significant effect measured when the glass

powder is replaced with either cement or powder is replaced with either cement or limestone. There is not a significant limestone. There is not a significant

difference. The results are very close to difference. The results are very close to each other and resemble each other; the each other and resemble each other; the obtained results do not differ significantly.obtained results do not differ significantly.

The error on third one happen because we The error on third one happen because we have voids in it and it wasn’t made right.have voids in it and it wasn’t made right.

Abrasion test Abrasion test

The last test that was supposed to be The last test that was supposed to be conducted to complete this research is conducted to complete this research is the abrasion-test. Unfortunately, the the abrasion-test. Unfortunately, the needed materials to conduct the needed materials to conduct the experiment were not available at the time experiment were not available at the time of the research, neither at the An-Najah of the research, neither at the An-Najah university or in the field. The results will university or in the field. The results will therefore not be provided in this paper. therefore not be provided in this paper.

Abrasion testAbrasion test

Abrasion test standDisk & wear plates

Measuring thickness

Summary and ConclutionSummary and Conclution

Waste glass powder is a new supplementary material that can be Waste glass powder is a new supplementary material that can be used in mortar mixtures. In this conducted study, more than 48 used in mortar mixtures. In this conducted study, more than 48 mixes of mortar were prepared by using waste glass powder as a mixes of mortar were prepared by using waste glass powder as a replacement for cement or for limestone. Mechanical properties replacement for cement or for limestone. Mechanical properties were tested. The mechanical properties include compressive were tested. The mechanical properties include compressive strength.strength.

As described in the result section and the abstract, the results As described in the result section and the abstract, the results show us that when the limestone is replaced by waste glass show us that when the limestone is replaced by waste glass powder, the compressive strength will increase because it is a powder, the compressive strength will increase because it is a filler. Because the limestone contains a lot of voids, the glass filler. Because the limestone contains a lot of voids, the glass powder serves as a filler material. On the contrary, when powder serves as a filler material. On the contrary, when replacing glass powder with cement, the compressive strength replacing glass powder with cement, the compressive strength will decrease. Cement is the main material for the strength of will decrease. Cement is the main material for the strength of mortar or concrete. mortar or concrete.

Summary and ConclutionSummary and ConclutionAnother experiment conducted in this study is the heat flow test. The Another experiment conducted in this study is the heat flow test. The results show that there is no significant effect measured when the results show that there is no significant effect measured when the glass powder is replaced with either cement or limestone. The glass powder is replaced with either cement or limestone. The results are very close to each other and resemble each other; the results are very close to each other and resemble each other; the obtained results do not differ significantly. obtained results do not differ significantly.

Waste glass powder is a relatively new supplementary cementing Waste glass powder is a relatively new supplementary cementing material that can be used in the mortar mixtures. It plays a material that can be used in the mortar mixtures. It plays a significant role to improve the fresh properties, mechanical significant role to improve the fresh properties, mechanical properties and durability of mortar. properties and durability of mortar.

If we use the waste glass powder as a replacement for limestone, the If we use the waste glass powder as a replacement for limestone, the compressive strength of mortar increases significantly. In addition, compressive strength of mortar increases significantly. In addition, the maximum compressive strength of mortar can be achieved when the maximum compressive strength of mortar can be achieved when using 10% and 15% of waste glass powder instead of limestone. using 10% and 15% of waste glass powder instead of limestone.

Recommendations Recommendations

There are several recommendations that can be made for future There are several recommendations that can be made for future research in this aspect. The usage of the WGP instead of limestone research in this aspect. The usage of the WGP instead of limestone is an interesting possibility because of the strength .Until now is an interesting possibility because of the strength .Until now though, there has not been found a way to use it instead of cement, though, there has not been found a way to use it instead of cement, since cement is a major component and material for compressive since cement is a major component and material for compressive strength.. Further research in the use of WGP is needed in order to strength.. Further research in the use of WGP is needed in order to generate the full potential of the waste glass powder.generate the full potential of the waste glass powder.

Other recommendations for this research include:Other recommendations for this research include:

- Conduct experiments on durability and Permeability- Conduct experiments on durability and Permeability

- After we increase the percentage into more than 15%, what would - After we increase the percentage into more than 15%, what would happen to the compressive strength? happen to the compressive strength?

- Check if the percentage in strength is good enough to make the - Check if the percentage in strength is good enough to make the change or what?change or what?

RefrencesRefrences www.cementlab.com/cement-art.htmwww.cementlab.com/cement-art.htm

http://www.ce.berkeley.edu/~paulmont/165/http://www.ce.berkeley.edu/~paulmont/165/cement.pdfcement.pdf

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); 2002.2002.

An-najah national university labs .5.An-najah national university labs .5.

ASTM C 31, C 39, C 617, C 1077, C 1231, Annual ASTM C 31, C 39, C 617, C 1077, C 1231, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Book of ASTM Standards,

Volume 04.02, ASTM, West Conshohocken, PA .Volume 04.02, ASTM, West Conshohocken, PA .

M.Sc. Thesis ( Al-Qasem ; 2009)M.Sc. Thesis ( Al-Qasem ; 2009)