Al khazini (12th Century Muslim Astronomer)
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Abu Al Fath Al Khazini (12th century ) و ب أ ي ن ز ا خ ل أ ح ت ا ف ل أHe is Abu Al-Fath `Abd al-Rahamn Al-Khazin, or Al-Khazini: a man of wisdom, an astronomer and an engineer. He evoked the admiration and astonishment of many when he came out with his book, Meezan Al-Hikmah, which was a marvel in the fields of mechanics, physics and hydrostatics. He was also interested in astronomy and he determined the direction of the Qiblah in most Muslim states.
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Transcript of Al khazini (12th Century Muslim Astronomer)
Abu Al Fath Al Khazini (12th century ) الفاتح أبوالخازني
He is Abu Al-Fath `Abd al-Rahamn Al-Khazin, or Al-Khazini: a man of wisdom, an astronomer and an engineer.
He evoked the admiration and astonishment of many when he came out with his book, Meezan Al-Hikmah, which was a marvel in the fields of mechanics, physics and hydrostatics.
He was also interested in astronomy and he determined the direction of
the Qiblah in most Muslim states.
Al-Khazini stands as an authority in physics for all ages.
He based his determination of the Qiblah on his readings from Ibn al-Haytham and Al-Beiruni. Most historians of science are unanimous that Al-Khazini stands as an authority in physics for all generations, that he even surpassed his teachers
Ibn Sina (Avicenna), Al-Beiruni and Ibn al-Haytham (who was the first to attempt the discovery of the speed of light) – all of whom had discussed gravity, albeit not very scientifically and accurately. He outstripped them, in general, in this discipline as well, and particularly in Dynamics and Hydrostatics.
His own theories in these two fields are taught to this day.
In astronomy, he excelled in making tables known as the Sinjari tables.
He spoke during his studies about the resistance which bodies immersed in liquids generally encounter.
Abu Al Fath Al Khazini (12th century ) الخازني الفاتح أبو
He arrived at a formula that determines the abstract weight of masses composed of two different materials.
He preceded Torshilly in referring to air as matter with mass, and stating that air has mass and capillary action similar to liquids.
He also stated that weights of immersed masses are less than their real weights.
He also explained that the Archimedes’ principle applies to gases in addition to liquids; such revelations paved the way for the invention of the barometer, air-vacuums, and pumps.
He also wrote on theories of light, and calculated the deflection of light upon its passage through air.
Abu Al Fath Al Khazini (12th century ) الخازني الفاتح أبو
He preceded Newton by several centuries, though not acknowledged by the West.
He made great efforts in his work on specific weights and gravity and demonstrated experimentally how all parts of the body direct their descent towards the centre of the earth due to gravity; showing that the variation in gravitational pull on different segments of the descending body result from the variation in the distance between the respective segments and the centre of the earth.
He based his inferences on experiments and scientific calculations.
Abu Al Fath Al Khazini (12th century ) الخازني الفاتح أبو
He authored many books including the Mizan Al-Hikmah which came in eight volumes.
It spoke about hydrostatics, weights, theories on gravity, Archimedes’ and Menelaus’s views on hydrostatics, specific weights of different materials, and astronomy.
It solved problems, stated exercises and listed the specific weights of different materials in tabulated form.
Al-Khazini discussed the relation between the speed at which a body falls to the distance and time it takes; he gave that in a formula for discovering which scientists in the West – like Galileo, Newton, and others – claimed credit several centuries later.
Abu Al Fath Al Khazini (12th century ) الخازني الفاتح أبو
He completed his Mizan al-Hikmah in 515H/1121CE.
It is the most fundamental work on the hydrostatic balance and its varieties.
This instrument in itself is a crowning achievement throughout the long process of earlier methods and models suggested and produced over centuries.
The book is also remarkable and unique on mechanics, hydrostatics and physics.
It contains the tables of specific gravities of many solids and liquids and also the history of the subject.
The book published in Hyderabad Deccan (1359H/1940CE) contains 8 discourses divided into Abwab (chapters) and fusul (sections).
He describes the balance he invented, shows indebtedness to al-Bayruni, elaborates upon some of the important earlier concepts, discusses the theorems derived from the classical works of Archimedes and Euclid, and describes the aerometer of Pappus.
The book also contains information about air, its weight and elevating power like that of the liquids. He also shows that Archimedes’ principle is true to liquids as well as gases.
Khazini discusses and explains the gravity of air, capillarity, use of aerometer to measure densities and temperature of liquids, theory of the lever.
Khazini’s hydrostatic balance was the most perfect of the balances so far developed.
He defined weight as “the force inherent in solid bodies which cause them to move, of their own accord, in a straight line towards the centre of the earth; and towards this centre alone this force, in turn depends upon the density of the body.” He knew that temperature influences density.
