Ahmad Abo-Obid Mohammad Fares24th May 2012

Al-Andalus

WHAT WAS AL-ANDALUS Al- Andalus was the name that Muslims gave to the territories of the

Iberian Peninsula.

Muslims ruled Al-Andalus from the year 711 until 1492

Before the Muslim’s arrival, the Visigoths ruled the Iberian Peninsula.

Al- Andalus had a big role in influencing Europe and its neighboring kingdoms, where was intended many sons of Europe to seek knowledge.

The Iberian Peninsula sometimes called Iberia, is a peninsula located in the extreme southwest of Europe and includes the modern-day sovereign states of Spain, Portugal and Andorra, as well as the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar.

WHAT WAS AL-ANDALUS

CHRONOLOGY

There are five different phases in the history of Al Andalus:

1. The dependent empire (711-756)

2. The independent empire (756-929)

3. Caliphate of Cordoba (929-1031)

4. Taifas’ Kingdoms‘ (1031-1212)

5. Almoravids (1088-1147)

6. Almohads (1147-1232)

7. Nasir kingdom of Granada (1232-1492)

1-THE DEPENDENT EMPIRE (711-756)

1) Battle of Guadalete (711)

1-THE DEPENDENT EMPIRE (711-756)

2) Play rock(714)

3) Walis age (715-756)

During this age there were 22 rulers governed Al-andalus

715 – Abd al-Aziz bin Musa was announced first Emir of Andalus

2-THE INDEPENDENT EMPIRE (756-929)

Abd-al-Rahman I became Emir of Córdoba in 756; fleeing for six years after the Umayyad had lost the position of Caliph held in Damascus in 750 .

Until 929 it was independent Empire

2-THE INDEPENDENT EMPIRE (756-929)

3-CALIPHATE OF CORDOBA (929-1031)

In January 929, Abd-al-Rahman III proclaimed himself Caliph of Qurtuba in place of his original title Emir of Córdoba

His ruling extended for 50 years (golden age)

Medina Azahara.

Until 1031 it was under one calipha.

3-CALIPHATE OF CORDOBA (929-1031)

4-TAIFAS’ KINGDOMS' (1031-1088)

It became from one country to 21 countries like our days

5-ALMORAVIDS (1088-1147)

6-ALMOHADS(1147-1232)

7-NASIR KINGDOM OF GRANADA (1232-1492)

THE MOST IMPORTANT AL ANDALUS’ CITIES

Cordoba Granada

Seville Toledo

Cordobafeatures of Cordoba:

More than

two hundred thousand houses

Eighty thousand Palaces

1600 mosques

600 Arab baths

And 70 libraries

Even nicknamed the "Jewel of the world"

RECONSTRUCTION OF THE MOSQUE OF CORDOBA

Mosque of Cordoba:From outside

Mosque of Cordoba:From inside

GRANADAGranada is located at the foot of the mountains and

in the confluence of three rivers.

Up to 738 meters above sea level.

ALHAMBRA

Alhambra is an old palace and fortress.

Built by the rulers of Granada are called : Banu Al-Ahmar

An area of 142,000 square meters.

Contains thirteen towers for defensive purposes..

Reconstruction of the Alhambra palace

1. Alcazaba

2. Generalife

3. Nasrid Palace (Alhambra)

Alhambra palace from inside