213

References

Boas, Franz. 1898. "The l-Iythology of·the Bella Cool a Indians .• "

In Boas (ed.) ·, ~femoi rs of the American

Museum of Natural History, Vol. II. New

York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. Pp. 25-128.

Davis, Philip If. and Ross Saunders. 1973. "Bella Coola Syntax."

Presented to the Eighth International Con­

ference on Salishan Languages. To appear in

Linguistic Studies of Native Canada, Eds .

Eung-Do Cook and Jonathan Kaye.

Davis, Philip If. and Ross Saunders. 1975. "Bella Coola Nominal

Deixis.~ Lg. 51.845-58.

>lcIlwraith , T. F. 1948. The Bella Coola Indians. Toronto:

University of Toronto Press. 2 Vols.

Saunders, Ross and Philip If. Davis. 1975. "Bella Coola su."

Presented to the Tenth International Con­

ference on Salishan Languages. To appear in

IJAL;

51

214

Xllth International Conferenoe on Salish Lancuaces.

Preparin~ dried fish - a !~llp. Cool~ text

Henk F. llater. Doerhaavelna!1 248

Leiden

The follo'~ing text was volunteered by J.:rs r I·:arcaret Si~;allace in tee s\;,,"_-::er

of '75.· rIith her asoistanee, the recordin&, uas tr:mscri;'cc. and trl'n:;latca.

Sandhi-phenoccma ~re rendcrea by tho symbol ., which serves to ,,-,ark "to,,-:>

prooesses: eontrnotioll (c·s = [cJ, s·s = [8J. § is l:lorpholozicaEy 18:'s .') and W-~ (·wa = [al], ... = 1/. Ii roads 1:."/), \ihen, as a result of "-e:is:'o;-_

two vowels voce into contact, they fuse into a dOtlb·led vovel (se!! bolo\:)

with the quality of the doubled variant of the second ,·o.el i.wol-:rec. i:. the

process •.

Hyphel!s separate free foms froc clitio.:ll ele:llents. '?J-.e .~rabic r. ... ' .... 'oers

written directly un::! er the text-lines ref~r to the r..or l'h~:::cs the "or.!s "..re

composed of and correspond with the 0111:11oe .. ·s in the Gr~.::::::atieal .... alysis

followine the text.

The secmontal phonemes of Bella Coola ~e; ,

p P I:I Ii' w u , t t n Ii , 0 C B a

• A • 1 I , k k x y i k· '. 0

k x , '1 q x " '. le" q q

9- h

Doubled ploBivoa are reloased sep~ately, whereas doubled !ri.eath·cs,

. eonorn.nts, and vO'lols nre pronounced lone, the doubled vO\o'els· na .... i::,' a :,re

open quality than the single ones,. Syllabic so::or~~ts (~, ~, and i) ~e pronounced with a preceding sehlola.r Stops borderinG on 'I ;l...-e. unless olisio:o

takes place, phonetically glottallzed. there beinc no opposition bet~~en ~J T'I, and ~'I (T = ploelve).

1

215

Prenarinr; dried fish

1 way ?aj-~uctimuteAsk~?n1a~iic ~ail:-ti-s?n~?ayakiil: ?ala-B~*k~9ao· 1 .2-3-4-5 6-7-8-5 9-10-6-11-2-12-1} 14-15-16 well, I'll try a."ld tell how wo prepare the fiDh. ·skstutl. spanyati~ 6-17-18 6-19-18 how we fix and s~oke them nax1i.~tu;-luu ti-k·puc-tayx k.~si?ayak.~w tx Bka~u~·awA9a1a-t~·~?ao 20-21-22-23 10..,24'-25 7-26-2-12-27 28 6-7-29-27 14-30-16

2

we prer~e the net they're (roincto use so they oan drift downriver ., kawti~ ?uliil: ?u1a-?aiX~?ac

31-32 33 34-35-16 they arc ta~cn (by car) to the upriver area

'. '? • ? 4 ·uq ev-c . n1a-t~~ ~ ae 29-27-;6 14-:;0-16 thell t!,ey drift dO'l."IU'i ver

. , . 5 qca.~ca:.~nr.nv-o·~n-nu~nus~?ac ?ail:-ti-~awa. ti-il:a1as-tayx

37-33-27-36 ;9 .... 0-41-16 9-10-42-43 10-44-25 they keep thro"'in;: the net. into the riVer, theae two men on one boat ,

6 tixsla.~~w·9a1a~~aAap 45-:6-27 14-47.J.6 so::eti::es they catch much,

• 7 t1xc~cii~c\:-tuuA?ala-r.ta.Allp 45-49-27-50 14-47-16 so~eti~es just a little bit,

8 tixk~~·aw-tuuA?a1a-ca1ap· 45-51-27-50 14-47-1,8 so::eti~es nothin~ at all

• t • t '.w. -1 t' 9 kaca*slax~~icik ~a-hapank sk ~tim-tuc xti-q x ~t mut- ayx 52-46-53 39-54 6-55-32-56 57-10-58-25 when they've caucht fJUch.· a car coes and collects them (the fish), 9in ti-;al~s-tayx ?1nAwa-{·puc-?ae 59 10-~4-25 59 39-24-16 the boat, and the net. . .

• 'f, "'?' . 10 ?a~k·ni~A·ula_txaA.aaisAwa_su" t1-A~sta-tayx wa- a*-*mi. 11-55-60 34-61-62 ,,-63-62 10-64-25 }9-9-65 they take it to the back of toccbody·. houss, wboever it i. who'. w~?an&7k 8kakstx~ax·k·ucmaw 39-66 6-7-67-27. vill.tr.c to fix theJ.r tood

2

11

12

216

, ',f

sc1iti*-c ?a1a-tXnAsaaX~?ao ?u1a-nusx·uuksta~?ac G6-10-36 14-61-16 34-69-70-16 we put them in water. at the back o·! the house. In old bath-tubs ? ~. kit ax aw xs- uu wa-;a~laasli~?ac·ska?~~ttu~ skascliti~Awa_s~*k_?ao 71 7-72-62-50 39-44-73-16 6-7-74-21-22 6-7-6s-is 39-15-16 it not a bath-tub. (we use) the dinkoys to put the fish in

13 xims·smakmatk1i~tuti~?ec 75-62 6-47-76-77-21-18 16

14

15

16

. 17

18

19

20

we keep them in there overnieht . , Aapakii-c Gxnasuksi~ c ska?asya~ 78-13-36 6-79-80-13 6-7-81-13 then we womon start butcherinG the fish ?n;l,t:un?apxoaktuil:s oi-nUJ:law~ayx 82-83-12-84 85-40-42-86 one of us puts them up ,. , ?ail,tlllllAail:aakas-tuu xn-s1aqk-?ac 82-87-12-58-62-50 88-09-16 in the smokehouse to dry' ?' • asyns-c ci-nulllcw-cnyx 81-62-36 85-~O-i2-86 one of us butchers tho fish ?d.?nyt\lil:-?ilu~ik xo·s~ °a1anawA ?a1a-r.JaAnp-o 11-2-21-22-90 57-91 6-92-27 14-47-48-91 we kcep doill(; this until they're all done ?' ..... '. , ax -tu14 q a1nyak9tiil: ?ala-caAap-c

71-50 92-12-9;-10 14"'H-~8-91 sooet1mes we can't do them all in one time " • ., ',~ t asx a~tutl~ ?ac scus~s c 11-94-43-21-18-36 16 6-95-62 we put a fire on In the even in/) '. -, ,

21 nu1ik aakii-tuo·wa-s1aqk_?ac ?a1a-?inax.~?ao 40-96-12-97-56 39-89-16 14-98-16 we turn the filets over in the morning

• • kstimnti*-t14c ska?asyai/: skaq·a1atut1~ ?ika'ai0

99-13-56 6-7-81-13 6-7-92-21-18 7-71 we keepwork1n5 till they're all done that is

22

f .• ' 2, nUA*lxllisaksAw&-slaqk_?ao 40-101-102-103-62 }9-89-16 the tips get dry

24 l&pa.kmi~tu~ akaokeL1a&kiar 78-93-97-56 6-7-104-12-97 .. that'. when we start pull~ the bones out

3

kaoayalc;1tn 7-100-12-93-18 it they hadn't been rini.he~

•

..

211

5 · ., _ ... ., • ' ..', 2 ka::nil. ax aytu; snucIl ;;,nHs ti-}.1il::taA9ala-sq ~9ac 9ala_slaqk_9ao

26

27

28

29

30

~l

32

" 34

,5

-, -,6

52-71 2-21-22 6-40-105-106-62 10-64U-I05-16 14-89-16 it we aon't do this, a bone will stick in someb0d7'8 throat "ula-s19a;;,9aytu. SCk-maakiw }4-26-11-2-21-22 6-104-12-91 that's vhy we pull the bones out 9a!:-:'''ituk "a;;'''ayaka",-wa:'''ax-~''ao 71-101 11-2-12-27 ;,-108-16 soce ;cople don't do this "d- ck·cnaldt 71 104-12-109 they don't pUll the bones out , . .. , wlx~~w:'''iclk ~e-ql~lpil:'?ac·va:'''a*lqtiw s19aw"a7tu* 8ck-maski •• "ax-wi. 0 72-27-53 39-110-16 39-11-111-18 26-11-2-21-22 6-104-12-97 6-108-13 it's tho children wo think ot, that's why SODO ot us pull tho bonos out , , , lal.::::l.kupacllxsayxs-c "no "ail.98,Jrs-c =-x·palusl'1l1waUiI.-c ')2-40-112-11;-114-62-,6 16 11-2-62-36 88-115-h6-18-91 vhen they're ~~ the sticka we .oem to ju.t leave them that way

va~~ snilx-tu;-lu-k-uks s9ny~livntia "ula-sl.lxaw 117 6-113-21-2?-2;-11? 120-116-121 34-6-101-102-27 ve just keep a !ire 60ine all tho tiJ:le until they're dried • >'il.1X1'.V 101-1('2-27 (then) they're dried "ustx-tutiil. 122-2l-18· (tl:en) ve ta.\:;o thea in, .

• • I • txalustutiil.-c okan;pti. ?u1a~sk1iik-c·wa-"amat8-va-knixi*-C~:'?ao 12;-12,~-21-le-36 6-7-125-18 34-40-126-127-;6 39-128-62 39-129-13-36-16 cut thea. uP. and put them in the deep-treelle. where we keep our tood. "ail."a:rs-clJ 0 11-2-62-36 91 (it is so) no-..:~da.ys , . •. , , t A.lxtu:-~ uks "ala-9ayk Bc~ayxaw sA~lxtutit s"aytut "u1a-"amatakav 101-102-21-1~0-119 14-131 6-1;2-27.6-101-102-21-1~' 6-2-21-i34 }4-128-12-27 they really dried thea lens &60 (and put them in-)to the one they 8tore 1t in , .. sqavtit·va-9ayuc~lt anuknuntanaw . 6-1;5-133 39-136-109 6-4~1'7-138-27 tho one thq called thoir knu-box viz-"ac"va-svknixU ~"ayk va-knum:."ac

. 72 16 39-139-1, 140-3'-1031 3,-137-16 the kmua baa been our food aiaoe., lone aco

218

, ., 37 llXAikJt-tuu ti-numa.w-tx, Uaqla!ls

141-9-}-50 10-1~2-28 6-89-93-62 80me drY the baokbone and the tilets,

38 puls"wa-skstll~-"ac ?a~ . 142-62 ,,-143-16 9-91 and also the skin

39 "ay 89ays "umatakai. 144-62 145-12-9:;-97 ve tix it in (m)any vaY(II)

40 nuk·~iikti*-"ituk-"ax·.-"ao 40-146-127-16-107 108 16 some ot us can the tish

41 ka.ma~hiilrlo:'?i~lk s"ai- nuf° .. 1ikH, 52-1,.17-70-53 6-71 40-146-127-97 when it's a docsalmon, we don't can it

42 t"txaluGtutU s~awtiw 9uln.-nullkl1ik-"ac 148-12;-124-21-18 6-1;5-16 ;4-~O;"126-l27-16 wo jUGt'cut thom up:utd put them in the deep-treeze

4' 'lay S9ays ti-"umatakml* ti-s~knixiil. ti-s11ix·-tayx 144-62 . 10-145-12-9'-97 .1C-159-13 10-149-25 we fix it 1n any vay. our tish-s~ew

44 stGaa11i-tuu-wa-9ax-~?ao snuk·.iika~ 0 150-97-50 39-108-16 6-10-146-;8-13 we salt some when we can tish

45 8taaui. 150-97 we salt it

46 smaws-tuu ti-"~~~tayx sqS!iJ. StsaaXl* 42-62-50 10-151-70-25 6-152-1; 6-150-97 only the sprlnGsalaon we really salt 'down~

• J '.. • 47 "ali; nuaus ska'Iiptiilo kaq las kasJilil.k "ai-t1-?a::~tayx

71 153 6-7-154-18 7-155 7-15 9-10-151-70-25 we seldom take any other fish beside the sprlncsa1aon. . . .

48 waa?ai c!mayxs-skat"slaXtui-tuu""ao 156-71 1,2-62 6-7-148-46-21-22-50.16 ve don't even make toO muoh ot this

49 "a*lII9latiilo 11-157-97 we take 3ust about ancush

50 nuSXllalllJdlt-tuu .. ·ac "a1a-sutk:'9 ac 40-158-97-50· 16 14-159-1'" ve onve tor tills 121 wlnte2.'

51 ~*!!;,a,:::::n 160-161-97 ye'roh=.:r.r £or it

52 x·~V:G te.'f "ala-s:;:;l,k-"ac "a1a-l':Jl.Ull:'''ac 162 16; 14-15-16 14-131-16 that's aU about the tlsh,the knl1l!l

1 va7

4 -tiout

Cot:lr.!ents

interjection, 'well, okay' 'to act, do, be (so),

lIoClatic su1'£ix, 'mouth'

reflexive Guf'fix,of'ten meaning 'pretendinc to X,

not really X-inC, try to X' t • . 5 -0 intransitive/possessive endincs 18 pers. sine.

6 .- nominalizinc pre£ix: when proco~~~ a finite , verbal £orr:, it l'.mctions as a fact\tl'.lizerl '(the £act) that ••• , hi. X-inll",

Occu-~ir.~ in foms £o110win~ finite verbs, i~ can, depending on the oontext,

'be trp.nsle.tcd as 'anel, yhile, when, beoause'. l:ominalized verbs oombineel with .

the plu-~l deictic Ic/ (ct. 91) ererol:liniscent of the Latin A.lil-.D,.ii~~oJ:y...11!.!t. 7 (9i)ka_ aspeotual prc£ix: irrealis, unrealized (action),

£uture. hypothetica.l

8 9ala~1i 9 "e.;'"

10 ti-

II ?al-

12 ... (a)k

l} 4, -U·

14' "&1_ 15 s9*k

'to tell' preposition, ~enotinc location: 'on, at, with, u,y ceans o£' (ct. 34, 140) articles neutral, sine. (ot. 85) aspectual pretixi 'be X-inc, in a X s~ate.t

Betore /s/ the al10oor~h "a- is £ound • somatic suffix: 'hllnd'. In me~pho;ical use also: '(finished) York, (prepared) tood', . .

intransitive/possessive ending. 1st pars, plur,

The allomorph -1. occurs otter obst~t, ·onlY. c~traction of 9al- (9) and va- ()9). Cf. 34. 'f1sh'

6

!220

16 (-)"ac

17 kstu-

18 -tn

19 panya

20 naxliwll.

21 -tu-

22 4.

2; -lu(u)

24 '0 k puo

25 (-)tap:

26 81-

indopen4ent ~~d ~nclitieal deietie: plur., ncar,

visible. ,\s enolitio al,!aY8 with va- (39). 'to make, !'1.", pre:par~'. A,causative deri'J'ation

troll ks 'to pull' (c!'. 21) •• d personal ond¥1CI -~i-' .pera .. plur .. obj. and

-l- 1 st per8. ;>lur. subj ..

'to smoke !,ish' 'roll.dy,.p;epared', H~Dtoriqal1y a ooopounc, ef. _liwa ' ... -~ke' (of .. 116), 1. s1l:lplex !Enax va.!!'

not recorded. causative su.ffix cnusativG pc·rsol).al en~ir..;, -:1- 3d rers" sing. c"=:' and ~ 18t pers. plur. cubj"

adverb. 'still, yet' 'i"ishintr net I (cf" V-k·P 'straibht. right' '!) independent and enolitica.l deietic: neutral, si::.:o

visible, near. As enclitic always in co:binatio::

with ti-(lO). crammatical prefix, replacing "s,;\'- (9) and x- (5-

In relative constructions: lcasi."a·.-akav t:c 'the O~;

they'll use' copieltthe indepemlento phrase

k~?nyakav ?a+-t* 'they'll use it'"

27 _'II, -naw, -anay intransitive Ipossessive endinG'o }d pers" 1'1=.

The allcmorph -naw is oblicatory atter vowels, optional atter aonorants, while

-ana'll is used exclus1velyf'or the sublltitutes ;.mU. 'it's usfwe', loup '(it's)

yOU !'olks', lind w1x 'it '. them/the;r' .. 28 (-)tx independent and enclitical 4eictio: . neutral,

sing .. , determined .. Aa enclitic with ti- (10).

'to drift do,,-nriver'

'river' 'to brace, support' .. lIere specifically: 'to help. ~

aoCOIlp&.n¥-' .. d passive endinBl:5 per&: .. pl.ur.

1

,} ?uU ..

34 ·ula-

35 '>aaX ..

,6 ~(9) }7 qcaDk

,8 -

221

adverb of direction. ,(to the) upriver (area)'

Etymolocica.lly related to }5. contraction ot ?ul- and wa- (of'. 14. }9).

o

?ul- is the· prepoGition that denotes a direotion

Cct. 9, 140) toltards .. Alao. purposs, goal, en4~ 'upriver area.'. Related to }}.

. adverb: 'now; then'

'to throw the net into the river' .. The redupUcatior. expresses a repeated action.

intronsitivizing suffix

artiole. plur .. TIle oa.tecory 'plural' in Bella Coola' Is of a rather different nature ihan in En:;lish. The artiole wa- not only ex­

presses 'real' plurality. but is also applied to. (a) area-bound objeots o~ lo­

cations' ('river', 'upriver area'; 'house', 'place'); (b) temporal expressions

('season', 'morning', 'event', 'lon/r ago'); (c) unoountable objeots ('tood',

}9 va-

'a catch', 'knu=') .. Verbs co~bined with 'plural' inanimate subjeots and objeots preferably take the sing. verbal endincs ..

40 nu- "Ca) 'inside', (b) 'hUll!&n'

41 Inus 'tvo'

42 maw, s_v

·n _l-

44 ~i_ 45 tix-

46 slaf 47 ca-, 48 Aap

49 caacil

50 -tuu , ° 51 kax

52 ka:1Ia .....

5} -·i~ik: • 54 Aapooamk:

'one' (cf. 47) ola.ssifier: 'conveyance, boat'

'boat'. Diminutive: ~*laas-ii (cr. 7}). verbalizing prej."ix. 'to catch'

'much, many' bound (surfix-carryin/:) torm ot 42 'to go'. Ao a quantifying surfix It expresses

rrequency: 'time(s) r. Of .. 54, 78. 'a little bit, fev' .. Y.a.y go back: to a :reduplication

of o;q'all, that's all' ..

adverbs· 'however, but'

'epFt7, nothing' sramaatical prefixs 'when, U'

adverbs 'next, aubsequent17'

'to catch, get' (of. 48. 161)

8

55 56 57 is

{c}

58 59 60 61

62 6} 64 65 66

67

68 69

70 71 72

7} ·74

75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82

222

k°l} , -tuc x-

attached to.

the patient qOio"Umut ?in

-im , txeJ.saaX

.. a

BUi!r , AIpsta .",u".

"nnayk

'to take'

&dverb:. 'acain' aram:aa.tical ·prefix. relative case. This pref'ix

(a) the &l;ent in passive constructions·, (b) a third relatu::,

ot an action expressed b7 an intransitive verb. , ...

'car'. From q i 'to llIove', -III (9}), -t1rnlt (4). 'and' pasaive endings ,d pers .. aing ..

'back ot bouse'. From tx- 'location', V-ars

'bebind', -sax 'rear •. back'~ intransitive/possesaive ending: ,d pers •. sine. 'house'

'person'

aubstitute: 'we, (it's) us' . 'to want'

kstx·a.x"kOU09 'to £L~, prepare £ood'. A reduplication ot

scli

nusx·uuksta

~

?dO

wIx

-11 "umat lim , ba.tk , -lio , AapooU:

xnaa

-uka

?asya

? ... tam-

lE/k • .. / . s-tx -~~MUc~ • cr. 17, 12, 3. 9;. 'to keep, put cauGht tish in vater'

'bath-tub'. From nu- (40), a- {6}, X·U(u)k 'to bathe', -(s)ta (l}S). .

temporal auffix: 'previous, ex-, past, old, used' 'noe t)' substitute: 'they, (it'a) them'., Also lntroducint,

expressions &s= 'that's vhen/why/how'. diminutive suffix

'where.1t ' s taken to' (ct. 128)

'cornine', From V""Xi 'licht, bright' and -m (93). 'to staT overnight'

somatic suftix: 'skin, boc!,y'. Here. '(the) 1'ish'. 'to bet;in, start'. From Aap (48) and -.ale (12). 'woJ:\an' Plural suffix

'to butcher fish'

a,pectual pref'ix. iterative

9

8} '>I!.px.

84 -tu},s

85 01-66 (-}~:l)'X

• 81 >-... ;!r. ae xn.-, 89 slaqk

90 • -'>i1uc:ik

91 (-)c

92 ~·i'.la

223

'to 11ft upt at perconal ondinc:r -tu*- 1 pore, plur ,. ob.1. and

-s 3d pors·· •. sine. sub.1;..

articlel female, sin~. (cr~ 10)

independent and enclitioa1 deiotiCI female, sine., visible, near (cf. 25), As enclitic always in combination with oi- (65). 'to dry sth r ' (cr r 101)

contraction or x- (57) and wa- (39) • smoked salmon t.

meaninc unclear: ! -'>i-1u~ik (cf. 23, 53) independent and enclitical dciatic! pl~.t deter­

mined. As enclitic always with wa- (39), . '.finished, all cone'. The !Y! in ~. alazaqtU is junctural,

9' -e verbal suffix performinG a variety of functions.

Pcl!",:!?/! bv i~t::."~l~<d.tiya c"d~: (a) ~9Hn,::j.1Jtr~;/H~n (r.u.tck~ 'to be

~cu::.tinc·, ki!:yuoof"l 'to be clH~winG'); (b) ,l]Ht~~!'¥119!n9~,\i19I}lit\l1J (mus-l}\ 'to 8~'. ciiX-9 'to dia olaes', sU~-Q 'to take bark orf a tree'. ct, mUG 'to

teel', ciU 'to cUc', su~ 'to skin'); (C}f9Hy:j.iH (.p~r[o:rm an action with (re~::."d to) XI) (sputx-t;I 'to eet (catch) cule-ohon', slaqk-ql 'to dry filets',

'''=~-t;I 'to put dried alaes on a stick'; Stlcq °la-m 'to use a rart't .SUk·wast-qt 'to play cat's cradle', x·uta-:iI 'to fish with dipnet'. from resp,. sputx 'eula-

r ,.,. • • tt' uk- t' tf chon', slaqk 'filet', k ucc'dried cla~s'. sacq la ra • s was oa s

cradle', x·uta 'dipnet'); (d) ;'~i~~iv~~! (1) resultative (the bare stem haa 'i' ..... s oausative relation to the !_/-expanded rOrDl plik~ to caps ze ,sx T

'to (be) burn(in:;)', i"uP-9 'to sink in DUd', Ct, pl1k 'to turn sth •. upside

dovn' sx· 'to burn sth.', x·up 'to. insert Bth~, put in a hole'), (2) 'to be .. ; , X{in;:)' (tuP-9 'to bubble', q"up-t;I 'BookinG", kayoolp 'ii's snowing', cf. e-tup-*-

'1'OaJ:I', e...q·up 'stloke't ka:r 'lIIlow'-), (3) retlexive (atter sOlll&.tio au:tlxesl llUke-us-Q 'to paint one's faoe red' (llIUk· 'red', -us 'faoe'), ~ uO-l}\

'to shave one'. beud' (d 'to'acrape',-aai·uo 'beud'), IlUJOk-1qsak"'9 '1;0

count one's fingers' (m;ck '1;0 co~t·. -lqsak ·tinger(.}'}).

10

224

, , Followed by tr~sitiv~ endin~s: (a) l~\?g!tiYiv~r (puA-9 ';0 visit sb.', talawB-~ 'to marry ob.', '>ax·S-il\ 'to shout at sb.', fr. pW. 'to oOl:le',

talawa 'to cet married', '>axos 'to shout, holler'). (b) iQ~t~t~~t~t (after

aOIll3.tio suf'flx8B1 ,>U-o.aiL-Ill 'to move sth. with one's root' ('>U 'to stir, , '. - (' '. move', -o.Ca). 'root'), mncaq 6-o.1iic~ 'to chew ath.' mncaq s 'to squeeze',

_liio 'teeth'l, ?anu*k·_ilx·alGtucak-liI 'to have/put sth. onto one's elbow' «?anu)a.k·m 'to have sth •. booked on one's X', -iix·alstucak 'elbow'». 94 sx· 'to burn sth. I

95 ~us, '(early) evening, dusk'

96 11k" 'to turn sth, around'

97 .. U· personal ending: -i- ;} pers r sinc~ obj ..

96 '>inax'"

99 ks-timut 100 cay

• 101 Ail:-

102 -b:

103 ;'L~s-ak, -llxs-ak

104 '. ok III

105 sq'"",

106 -" 107 -?ltulc:

100 '>ax&.

109 -it

110 qiqipiJ. , 111 ?lq , . 112 pao

113 -lis, -llb

114 -qx

and -* 1st pers .. plur~ subj ..

'morninc'

'to work', hom ks 'to pull' and -titmt (4). 'all, rinished'

'dry' (of. 87) inchoative suffix

soc.~tic suffix. 'lineer, tip'. From -lis ·ti~.

end' and -ak 'hand', cr .. 115. 'to pull sth. out' 'rishbone'

somatio suftix. 'throat' adverb: 'however' '·some'

personal ending. -i- 3d pers" sing. obj .. and-t 3d pers .. plur. subj ..

'child(ren) ", !qi-<:tip-U/ (C!'r 73) 'to think (o! ab.)'

'to pierce'

sOlll&.tio suftix. 'nasa' .. In metaphorical ue also, 'tip, stick' (at .. 103) ... pa.8111ve en41ng

II

t

,

116 -llva

117 -7X

118 niiie

119 -ic-ul-.s

120 a9~

121 -tis

·122 9 USU•

123 tx 124 ~U8

125 '11> 126 skl 127 '-i(i)1: 128 9a:cat

129 knix

130 ...:I.

1'7 kmID 138 . -:<a)ta

225

'to lonve (the fiah) (like that)'. From x·p 'to

let &0, leave (alone)', _lus '\lleat, tieh', ..aa

active-iMransiUn (,,). Ct .. 124.

aemblative suffix. 'X-like'

uncloU1 either a variant ot Ya7 (1) or 'nev, treah'

'tire' adverb. l;eaning not e.tablished. ,(to) always (do)'

peraonal ending. -ti- 3d perti .. p1ur. obj. and ... }d pers .. sing ... ubj ..

'to CO in, enter' 'to cut sth,.'

somatic Guffix1 'meat, tiah'

'to put ath. inside i take .th; in '.

'cold' claas1fier. icontnlner' '(place) where sth. is' (ct. 74) 'to eat 6th.' pasaive endine. }d pera .. ·.ina •. (c8Uaative para­

dieD)

'old; lone ago' . , ,(to) reuly (do ath.)'. Conta1na a root o!t·,

ot ... ~i-* 'true, real', ..aa (93), -e.JX (114). personal ending. -ti- 3d pera .. plur .. obj. and -10 }d para .. plur .. aubj.

personal ending. +- 3d pers .. sing .. obj .. ana -10 3d pera. p1ur .. aubj .. (causative para4ip)

'to store sth .. ' 'to 'ca11 ath .. 8th .. ' Froa v-"'ay (2), -uo (,) ana ... {,,)O'

""smoked tiah~

4erlWatioD&l. nttua lIIplaent

12

1,9 ."knix

140 "Ix**'-

, t 145 akstllo

145 ·u_t 146 '.;. 147 tll 148 tm-149 aliil-

, 150 stoan!° 151 9_;. , 152 qa

155 154 155 156

157

numus 91; .~·la. wall-

158 8XIII-amlc

159 aut); 160 x.a;. 161 -emIc: 162 x·P-t!-1.6, (-)W

'fOod'. Reduplication of ·s-kn1x (cf. 6, 129). preposition. cotion a_y. 'away trom; since'

(cf. 9, 34)· 'backbone' .. Or1ginally a oompound. cr. -1k 'back f •

'to comc'. nere with .. (62). 'it oomes', heDce: 'is added. and, alGO'.

. . 'akin', No doubt'conta1n1ng -lic 'skin'. , Surpriain~ly, IIkst !:leans 'charcoal'! 'whatever, any'. '!'wo 'separate vords, si."lcethe first element can be followed by enclltic8 , . (9ay-k· 8'>ay. 9q -C s-'ayn8v) •. Probab17 v-"'&7 (2) and s- (6). see 74 'to .fill, pour out' 'docsallllon' &lIpeotuRl. prci'ix. • just, only'

'salmon stew' (~ sl-!if·, efr al" 'to alice'. -Hi- 'head')

'to salt tood'. Fro~ ata 'salt' and -&aX 'tood'.

"prinu'"Sall!lon'

't1&ht' unolear .. From Engllah 'llIore'~ (cr. 40, 62)

'to crab, hold, take' 'dirferent' unique pretix, appai-ently ilelUling 'even'

'to measure (ott)· 'to crave, be huncr7 for sth.' Possibly trom

ax 'bad' (cr .. 93, 161). 'winter'·

'hungr:r'

translt1vizin6 su!tix ·en4 (or stor,y) I .. Prom x·p (115) &u4 ~ (ll}). maependent and enol1t1oal cleiot:1o. neutzoal, s1n8.

1'eIlOW

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