A.kolovos, protecting critical infrastructures, june 14 2014 for slideshare

Protecting Critical Infrastructure:

Options Nations Face Against Unregulated Dissemination of

High Resolution Imagery

Dr. Alexandros Kolovos

As. Professor,

Hellenic Air Force Academy

Brigadier-General (HAF, ret)

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Protecting Critical Infrastructure: Options Nations Face Against Unregulated Dissemination of High Resolution Imagery

Critical Infrastructure

The Dawn of Space Era and the Legal Framework of

Space-Based remote Sensing

The Diaspora of High Resolution Imagery

The Impact from the Entrance of Major Corporations

The Options

Conclusion

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Definition - Critical Infrastructure (CI) following EU Directive

2008/114)

Critical Infrastructure means an asset, system or part thereof, essential

for the maintenance of vital societal functions, health, safety, security,

economic or social well-being

Its destruction or disruption would have a significant impact as a result of

the failure to maintain those functions.

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Main Critical Infrastructures:

Electric Power

Transportation (Naval and Air Bases)

Gas and Liquid Fuels

Telecommunications

Water Supply


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HELLENIC POWER PLANTS




The Military Era

The Commercialization

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RECONNAISSANCE FROM SPACE: A PRIVILEGE OF SUPERPOWERS




UN Outer Space Treaty (1967)

Remote Sensing Principles (1986)

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The Diaspora of High Resolution Imagery

Give an unrestricted and detailed global access, so critical

Infrastructures are exposed

Boost Armchair:

Intelligence

Support for Operations

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SIMULATING RESOLUTION OF 7 CM


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LANDSAT (30M) - USA

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Peloponissos,

1982, GREECE

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SALAMINA NAVAL DOCKYARD, 1999


IKONOS(1M) - USA

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Protecting Critical Infrastructure: Options Nations Face Against Unregulated Dissemination of High Resolution

Imagery IKONOS(1M) - USA

SALAMINA NAVAL DOCKYARD Detail

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ELEFSINA AIR BASE

(hosting Air Support

Command)

Protecting Critical Infrastructure: Options Nations Face Against Unregulated Dissemination of High Resolution

Imagery IKONOS(1M) - USA


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PTOLEMAIDA POWER PLANT, 2012

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Athens-Pireus Port

Pan 0.41m – 0.5m & RGB 1.65m


GEOEYE(0.41M) - USA


3D Environment permitting walk / drive / navigate /fly-

through

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Options Nations Face Against Unregulated Dissemination of High Resolution Imagery

Geospatial Support

to GIS, C4I, targets

& weapons

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Characteristic Extraction (buildings, Roads, morphology)

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Google Earth

Microsoft’s Bing Maps

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1. Search Panel- Use to find places

and directions

2. Overview Map- Use for an

additional perspective

3. Hide/Show sidebar- Click to

conceal or display side bar

4. Placemark- Click to add a

placemark

5. Polygon- Click to add a polygon

6. Path- Click to add a path

7. Image Overlay- Click to add an

image

8. Measure- Click to measure distance

9. Email- Click to email view or image

10. Print- Click to print current view

11. Navigation Controls- Use to tilt,

zoom and move

12. Layers Panel- Use to display points

of interests

13. Places Panel- Use to locate, save,

and organize placemarks

14. 3D Viewer- View the globe and

terrain

15. Status Bar- View streaming status

Protecting Critical Infrastructure: Options Nations Face Against Unregulated

Dissemination of High Resolution Imagery

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Vandenberg AFB - USA

GEOEYE(0.41M) - USA



Ερωτήσεις

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Nuclear Site Arak, IRAN



Protecting Critical Infrastructure: Options Nations Face Against Unregulated Dissemination of High

Resolution Imagery


Gave to the public a unique opportunity to answer the old question of

what lies “on the other side of the hill”

Raised national Security Concerns

Fears proved to have merit

2006-07: In Iraq videos and Google Earth images of British military

bases were found in the homes of Iraqi insurgents

2008: terrorist attack which killed 171 people in India

2010: Chinese officials are concerned that satellite maps and images

could display sensitive military locations

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Virtual 3D applications : Fly your

mission before take off

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Click here




Resolution Imagery

Options Nations Face:

Do Nothing

National Governments Create a Framework for Space Activities

Coordinate Action beyond the national level

Negotiate with commercial entities

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Resolution Imagery

Options

Do Nothing


National Legislation:

France

Germany,

Greece

Data Policy Constraints (Operators, Distribution)

Example: USA

Shutter control

Buyouts of foreign imagery

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An Air Base Scratched

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A composite image of a grass field

slapped over a Critical Infrastructure


Options

Do Nothing



US-Israel Paradigm

The EU is Studing the issue



Options

Do Nothing



Negotiate with commercial entities (like Google Earth and Bing Maps):

Have caused concerns to Countries/persons, which led to suit and bans

Upon Request negotiations have led to various Censoring options:

Blurring or pixelating certain locations

Degrading / distorting the quality of images

Outdated imagery

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The Shape of Things to Come:

Google plans to launch a fleet of hundrends of low earth orbit Satellites

to have global access for imagery and internet

Google bought SkyBox Imaging:

Not only still Sub-meter satellite imagery, but also

High-Definition Video which capture the movement

Ancient Greeks were right: Nothing can be hidden under the sun

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Conclusion:

The genie of high resolution imagery is out of the bottle and cannot be

rolled back. High Definition Video is the next step.

The uncontrolled dissemination of these products has clear implications

for national security

There are Options to be followed

It is a matter of probabilities: by not having your vital Infrastructure

exposed to the world, you reduce their chances to be harmed

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Ouden Krypton

Ypo ton Ilion

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Dr. Alexandros Kolovos

A. Professor, Hellenic Air

Force Academy,

Brigadier-General (HAF, ret)

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