AKM-10 - About Key Maps - General Intro v8.4 1405-25
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Transcript of AKM-10 - About Key Maps - General Intro v8.4 1405-25
7/31/2019 AKM-10 - About Key Maps - General Intro v8.4 1405-25
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1405-25
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<< Exact centerline of the pianCrack between E and F >
Based on a Piano Keyboard Labeled With The
Rainbow Colors of the 7 Identical Octave Groups,With the 4 End Keys in White
About MIW Key
Maps andDiagrams
From the MIW PianoStudent's Workshop
Low
End
High
End
AKM-10
About Key Maps - Intro AKM-10 v8.4 1
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Why Key Maps and Diagrams?
4Twin-
kle
twin-
kle
lit-
tle
star,
How
I
won-
der
what
you
are;
I have a background in industrial engineering. Industrial
engineers work on how to make or build things. Theywork on figur ing out how to make something in the
shor test time and at the least cost. Then they try to
figure out some easier way to make it in even less time
and at a still lower cost. Then they try to figure outsomthing else to take it's place that will do the same job
in less time and ....
You get the idea. The mentality is " make it BETTER, but
make it easier, make it cheaper, make it faster!" This
mentality has been responsible for much of the wealthand prosperity found in the modern world. It applies to
most of the things that we do at the office, at the factory,
at home, or at p la.... No, not at play. Some of the things
that we love and do have no business going faster, or cheaper , or more simply. What does this have to do with
music? Music is play ... its art ... its p leasure. (But it can
be VERY hard work!) No room for industrial engineering?
Let's talk about the piano. Is the piano music? What a
sill y question. No, the piano is a MACHINE. Do industrial
engineers have anything to do with pianos? You bet theydo. If pianos were made the old way (before industr ial
engineering) they would be so expensive, hardly anyone
could afford one. But this really isn't the point. A pianist
is a machine operator - like it or not . (Of course, he or she could also be a talented virtuoso, able to make
incredibly beautiful music on the piano. But this doesn't
change the fact that the piano is a MACHINE!)
The piano is a very compl icated machine to run. You can
run it the hard way or the smart way. Which way wouldyou choose? Which way is which? Consider this. Let's
say that you want to run a computer (computing
machine) but don' t know how. A few years back, you hadone choice: Learn to use the complicated code that has
been designed to let you communicate with thecomputer. It was called DOS (Disk Operating System).
Only a few genius's learned this complicated codingsystem and were able to run a computer.
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Minuet in GJ. S. Bach Al legret to #: 1 3/4
543
Repeat
55
3
1
4
2
1
5
1
Fast forward to today. Even little kids run
computers now. How did this happen? The
simple answer is "windows." It's a graphical
user interface. It lets you point and click atwhat you want. No code to learn. Now anyone
can run a computer. What does th is have to
do with the piano? Just this . The piano is runby knowing a similarly complicated code. It's
called the Grand Staff. This is an abstract
code that bears no similarity to what you seewhen you look at the keyboard. This is the
hard way to do piano.
The smart way is to use a graphical user
interface that basiclly lets you " point andclick" the piano keys that are notated on your
sheet music page. Key maps provide you withsuch a notation. This uni t will help you see
how this "point and click" approach works for
the keyboard.
OK, but what do we do with the "hard way"code that everyone uses? Think of the
complicated code that we formerly used to runcomputing machines. We didn't get rid of it! In
fact it has become much more complicatedthan in the early days of computing because
we now do so very much more with
computers than when they were first used. And that code is essential. That's really how
people communicate with computers and tell
them what to do. What we've done with thegraphical user interface (windows) is that we
found a way for the great majority of people
using computers to avoid these codes. The
experts that make the computers work need touse the code, but the rest of us that just want
to use the computers don't need to know that
code. We just " point and click" to make themdo what we want.
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.from THE SOUND OF MUSICRichard Roger Oscar Hammerstein II
Broadly b: 1 4/4
43
The
hillsF
area-live
withthesound
of
mu-E
sic,
with
songsF
theyhavesung
Perhaps the greatest advantage of
key maps over the grand staff is the
ease with wh ich one can play in anykey, whether in many sharps or
many flats. The grand staff gives you
complicated codes for the sharp andflat keys whereas the key maps are
simply "point and click" for all of the
notes, both natural notes and sharps
and flats. The rhythm on maps isnotated on a timeline that takes the
guessing out of knowing how long to
hold a note. By contrast, the rhythmon the grand staff is shown in an
abstract code.
Finally, key maps are designed to bebeautiful! They show the pitch and
rhythm in a true scaled format unlike
the grand staff. They are beautif ied
with the colors of the rainbow.Rhythms and chords have color
coding highlights that add to thebeauty of the music . (Many of the
key maps are interesting and
beautiful to look at in addition to the
beauty in the sounds of the music.Key maps are truly a visual art. This
visual beauty is one of the reasons
we love to play from key maps!)
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Example - Openng Bars of Beethoven's Moonlight Sonata
Adagio sostenuto #: 4 4/4 MM: 5243214321
#
#. #.
Note Colors - Pink notes indicate theleft hand. Other colors are for the right
hand and highlight rhythmic elements.
White: whole beats. Green: 1/3 beats.Blue: 1/4 and 3/4 beats.
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Features of Key Maps
to learn.
of the fingers on the keyboard, making the keyboard much easier
a musical keyboard (piano etc). The map visualizes the movements A key map is a special kind of SHEET MUSIC designed for playing
of the fingers on the keyboard.left/right movements of the notes match the left/right movements
vertical, rather than horizontal. This arrangement makes the
Unlike traditional notation, the time dimension of the music isvisualizing pitch, with a vertical TIMELINE visualizing rhythm.
A key map combines a horizontal DIAGRAM of the keyboard,
of each note is proportional to the length (in time) of each sound.
the movements of the sounds on the keyboard. The vertical length
left/right movements of the notes are proportional (in distance) to
The notes are drawn to scale, just as in an ordinary map. The
fascinating and beautiful visual expression of the musical sounds.proportionalities and elevations in color, the map becomes a
octave, just as in a contour map of the earth. Given these
A key map is colored to show the elevat ions (in sound) of each
(if it is a song) dynamics, fingering, chord symbols, and the like.
such th ings as tempos, key signatures, title, composer, song textThe map also shows other information expected of sheet music -
between the lines are played on white keys.
(straddling) these lines are played on black keys. The notesThe vertical l ines stand for the black keys. The notes on
coded. This relationship is explained on the following pages.
know how the keys on the keyboard are organized and color
between the map and the keyboard, you will o f course need toBefore you will be able fully to understand the visual relationship
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About the 7 Octave Groups on the Keyboard
keyboards typically contain 4 or more full 12-key groups.these keyboards usually contain fewer of these groups. These
keyboards are built with the exact same groups, except that
key at the right end on typical piano keyboard.) Electronic(There are additional extensions of 3 keys at the left end and 1
the (folded up) diagram of the keyboard on the previous page.
keys (in groups of 2 and 3) and 7 white keys, as you can see inrepeating patterns. Each pattern consists of 5 raised black
The typical piano keyboard is laid out in 7 groups of 12-key
that we have named an "octave group."
instrument." It is this group of 7 white keys and 5 black keysfrom any other set of white keys. So we call the piano a "C
you have played a C major scale. You can't get a major scale
and play all of the white keys until you get to the next C key,
it's white keys. This means that if you start playing a C keykeyboard is built so that you can play a C major scale with justending with the key named B, an "octave group." The
We call this 12-key pattern starting wi th the key named C and
are designed to take advantage of this fact!)not designed for the keyboard. On the other hand, key maps
(Standard notation completely ignores this fact because it's
the 12 keys of the little piano that you learn on. Think about i t!are all p layed in exactly the same way, as exact duplicates of
one litt le 12-key piano to learn to play! The other 6 litt le pianos
of what this means. Essentially, It means that you have onlyeach other so that you can play all 7 of them as a group. Think
7 identical litt le pianos with 12 keys each, all lined up next to
The amazing thing about this grouping is that it is like having
identify each group by its number.that those who can't distinguish them by color wi ll be able to
octave groups are also numbered from 1 to 7 on key maps so
the 7 main colors of the rainbow, in their natural order. Theby showing each group in a different color. These colors areway of knowing which is which. Our diagrams accomplish this
group looks the same as every other octave group, we need aKey maps are based on the octave group patterns. Since each
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Sample
Separate (cut ) Here
Cut Off Here to Fit Cut Off Here to Fit
Fold Back
Blue Octave Group -- 3High GroupLow Group
B A G F E D C
Sample Separate (cut ) Here
Cut Off Here to Fit Cut Off Here to Fit
Fold Back
Green Octave Group -- 4
High GroupLow Group
Home Base
B A G F E D C
Fold Up
Fold Up
POST
POST
Octave Group Locator Labels. Here are samples of the 7 rainbow colored octave
group labels that are available for placing temporarily behind the black keys on the
keyboard. These label the keys with the colors of the octave groups shown on key
maps. The labels also show the names of the white keys. This way one can easily matchthe notes in a key map's blue octave group, for example, with the corresponding keys in
the blue octave group on the keyboard. The labels can be left in place until no longer
needed.
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Twinkle, Twinkle, Lit tle Star Twin-
kle
won-
der
what
you
are.
lit-
tle
star,
how
I
Twin-
kle
Notes With Song Text
How Does the Key Map Show What Keys to Play? Now that you know how
the keyboard is organized, you can use this information to read a diagram that
reflects (or maps) the layout of the keyboard. The notes are placed on the diagram,and show which keys to play, and in what order. The above diagram shows how this
is done. The notes start at the top the page and proceed down the page, showing the
sequence in which they are played.
This diagram is used to show beginners how to play a song. It's easy to
understand, even for young children. This diagram demonstrates how a diagram
can show what keys to play, but it's not quite yet in a format that can be used as
sheet music . It needs to be modi fied before it becomes a key map. The followingpages show how it is modif ied to become the key map that can easily be read and
understood.
The diagram below is a picture of a cutout that is placed directly on the keyboard,
standing up behind the black keys. The student places the cutout so that the images of the black keys at the bottom of the diagram exactly match the black keys of the green
octave group on the keyboard.
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Step 1. The main modi fication transforms the image of each black key into a single
black line. The line between E and F, which stood for a crack and not a black key, is
removed. The green stripe is retained to identify this group as the green octave group.
Every vertical line on a key map stands for a black key. (The border on this d iagram is
not part of a key map.) The vertical lines retain for each octave group, the spacing of
the black keys in groups of 2 and 3. The spaces between these lines then become thelocations of the white keys. With th is format, there are spaces 1 key wide (D, G, and
A), and spaces 2 keys wide (E/F and B/C).
Observe that this diagram retains its direct visual relationship to the keyboard. Note
that that on the keyboard, the way to determine the identity of a white key is to see
which black keys are nearby. The (visual) identities of all white keys on the keyboard -and on the maps - depend entirely on the locations of the black keys nearby.
The 5 vertical lines remaining in each octave group form the music staff that is the
basis of all key maps. We identify each black line with an " address." The black keysare referred to as keys 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.
C B AGFED
Twin-
kle
won-
der
what
you
are.
lit-
tle
star,
how
I
Twin-
kle
1 2 3 4 5
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4Twin-
kle
twin-
kle
lit-
tle
star,
How
I
won-
der
what
you
are.
Step 2. The next step reduces the width of the
staff and notes so that more music can be shown
on a page. A colored header is added to helpidentify the octave group, in th is case, the green
octave group (number 4). The words no longer fit
inside of the notes, so they are moved to the rightside of the melody, in sync with the notes.
Step 3. The timeline is built in to show the
rhythm. The vertical lines standing for the blackkeys form the timeline. The horizontal lines
running across the page, which are an essential
part of the timeline, are added to show the beats. A double horizontal line at the end of each groupof beats (4 beats in this song) identifies each
measure. The notes are stretched to f it in to the
spaces between the beat and bar lines accordingto the lengths of their sounds, thus completing
the visualization of the rhythm. The white notes
are 1 beat long and the yellow notes are 1/2 beat
long.
The diagram is now transformed into a tiny key
map that shows the basis of this visualizednotation.
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Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star
French folk tuneJane Taylor
Moderately b/#: 0 4/4
44UpTwin-
a-kle
bovtwin-
thekle
worllit-
sotle
highstar,
LikeHow
aI
dia-won-
monder
inwhat
theyou
sky,are;
2nd time – End Here
Go back to the Beginnin
Key Map for "Twinkle." Here is a fin ished
key map for Twinkle, Twink le, Little Star.
Changes from the Keyboard SizedDiagram.
Size--The map is more compact. The spaces
between the 5 vertical lines standing for the
black keys are much smaller.
Colored Stripe in the G and A Spaces --This
stripe is omitted from key maps. The coloredstripe in the D space remains - along with the
colored stripe across the top of the map.
Spacing and Line Between E and F --Thevertical line showing the crack between the E
and F keys is gone. The notes on the left side
of the remaining wide space are E's and on theright side are F's. The width of this space is
reduced to reflect that the E and F are only 1/2
step (semitone) apart This maintains the
proportionality of the pitch spacing. (Each 1/2step across the entire staff is half the width of
a note.)
Vertical Lines--Exclusively for the Black Keys .
The only vertical lines in the map are the 5
lines standing for the 5 black keys of eachoctave group. (Lines for the cracks between
keys B/C and E/F are never shown on maps.)
Song Text --The words and syllables for thesongs appear at the right of the notes.
Rhythm--Maps show musical time graphically;the diagrams do not. Maps have horizontal
lines showing measures and beats. Notes are
stretched to show rhythm in direct proportion
to the time that each note takes.
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Here's a Map of the Full Keyboard -- It shows a note for every key on the piano.
Notice the patterns that the notes form. They're spaced horizontally just l ike the keys
on the piano.
The Full Map Expanded, Showing the Time Lines -- The horizontal dimension of the
map below shows pitch, with the vertical dimension showing time.
A Puzzle for You -- Five familiar melodies (separated by black stripes - not part of the
map) are shown below. This page uses an alternate color scheme in the notes. In this
color scheme the pink notes are played by the left hand and the white notes by the righthand. Can you play the melodies and guess which one is which? The melodies are (in
alphabetical order) Brother John, Jingle Bells, Mary Had a Little Lamb, Ode to Joy (by
Beethoven), and Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star.
About Key Maps - Intro AKM-10 v8.4 16