AJE Figures Workshop USP
Transcript of AJE Figures Workshop USP
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Creating Figures for Scientific Publications
© AJE
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The power of figures
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Figure quality is a paper’s “Suit and Tie”
• Before a journal reviewer or colleague even begins reading your paper, they have formed an opinion about the quality of your work.
• Your figures reflect your overall effort in experimental design, technical execution, and attention to detail.
• “A picture is worth a thousand words”
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Outline
• The Starting Materials
• Assembling your figures
• Making an Impact with Color
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Primary Data Figures: Where to start?
High-quality figures start in the lab
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Primary Data FiguresMaster your Technique
James H. Nicholson, Nikon Small World Competition
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Pixel-based files
• Two sub-types of Pixel-based files– Lossy– Lossless
Dr. Jan Michels, Nikon Small World Competition
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Lossy file formats (compression)
• Example: Jpeg• Highly simplified explanation:
– The image is divided into tiles– The number of colors in each title is
simplified– How simplified depends on the
“quality” setting chosen– These protocols are reapplied every time
the files is saved
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OriginalQuality 4(/12)
Lossy file formats (compression)• Compression leads to a
greatly reduced file size
• Fine for everyday use, not for primary data
• Once a compression is applied, it cannot be reversed
Quality 2 (/12)Quality 0 (/12)
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Lossless files• Example: Tiff
– Color of each pixel is recorded.– The color of each pixel will not
change simply by saving.– The price of fidelity: file size.
Dr. Gregory Rouse,Nikon Small World Competition
Jpeg: 15.2 KB
Tiff: 790 KB
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Lossless versus Lossy filesLossy file compression is even worse for line drawings and graphs.
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LZW Lossless file compression• Efficient storage, no information loss• Highly simplified explanation: Replaces a pixel color with
a short code throughout the whole the image
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LZW Lossless file compressionEffective on images with a large number of colors
85 mm wide, 300 dpi (typical journal requirements)
Uncompressed Tiff: 2,710 KB LZW Compressed Tiff: 1,550 KB
Cameron Johnson, Nikon Small World Competition
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LZW Lossless file compressionVery powerful on images with a limited number of colors
85 mm wide, 1200 dpi (typical journal requirements)
Uncompressed Tiff: 25,200 KB (25.2 MB!) LZW Compressed Tiff: 256 KB Jpeg (with a high Quality
setting): 586 KB
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Outline
• The Starting Materials
• Assembling your figures
• Making an Impact with Color
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Figure Creation Rule #1
• Work at Actual Publication Size– Journal Guidelines– General Guidelines
• Single Column: 85 mm• 1.5 Columns: 135 mm• Double Column: 175 mm
• Keep a Sense of Scale– Print and measure
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Figure Creation Rule #2• Use the Correct Size & Type of Font
– Journal Guidelines– General Guidelines:
• 8 point Arial (with Symbol)• Avoid Bolding and Italics
Calibri: The length of fonts vary Times: The length of fonts varyMyriad Pro: The length of fonts vary Arial: The length of fonts vary Helvetica: The length of fonts vary
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Use the right visuals• Comparisons
• Distribution
• Parts of a whole
• Trend over time
• Deviations
• Relationships
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Labeling your Primary Data• Make it easy to read your paper• Make the legend “Supplemental Material”
(Plank et al., 2006)
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Crafting Effective Graphs
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Crafting Effective Graphs
http://chemlab.truman.edu/DataAnalysis/PreparingGraphs_files/PreparingGraphs.asp
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Crafting Effective GraphsSimplify Legends
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Crafting Effective GraphsBe Careful with Patterns
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Crafting Effective GraphsDon’t Hesitate to Try Something “New”
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Moving Graphs Between Programs
• Graphs are Vector Objects• Copy & Paste often works• Save (or Export) as a vector file
– Postscript file (Eps)– Pdf file
• Pixel-based file = A picture of a graph
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Editing your figures
Purchased software Free software
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Illustrative Diagrams Use diagrams to reduce reviewer(and general reader) confusion
(Cejka & Plank et al., 2004)
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Illustrative DiagramsPromote your research
(Could be You et al., 2014)
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Saving the Figures• Two Formats
– Pixel-Based• Industry Standard: Tiff• Uneditable with a set resolution• General Guidelines:
– Photos: 300 dpi– Photos with Lettering or Line-Art: 600 dpi– Line-Art (Graphs and diagrams): 1200 dpi
– Vector-Based• Industry Standard: Eps (& Pdf)• Editable with “Infinite Resolution”
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Outline
• The Starting Materials
• Assembling your figures
• Making an Impact with Color
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CMYK vs. RGB color modes
• RGB is associated with electronic displays (CRT, LCD monitors, digital cameras)– Red, Green and Blue are used to create colors
perceived• CMYK is used by printers
– Cyan, magenta, yellow and black are combined in various amounts to create all colors when printing
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How to use color effectively
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Impact of color deficiency on figures
DichromacyNormal vision
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Colorblind pallets
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AJE Figure Services
Figure Formatting• Send us your figures, and
our outstanding team will make them look great for publication
Custom Illustration• Our team will create great
figures from your data or a sketch
Send an e-mail to [email protected] for a quote
Special thanks to Dr. Michele Avissar-Whiting and Dr. Stacie Meaux!
© AJE