Airspace Volumes and Sectorisation Good Design Practice
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Transcript of Airspace Volumes and Sectorisation Good Design Practice
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Airspace Volumes
and Sectorisation
Good Design Practice
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Objective
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This module provides an understanding of airspace volumes and sectorisation in support
of Air Traffic Management
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Airspace
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✈ Airspace and sector design is used to balance workload
✈ Airspace is delineated to define responsibility
✈ Airspace volumes are used to exclude/contain operations (military, prohibited, national borders, etc.)
✈ Airspace volumes may also be defined due to equipment limitations
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Three GOLDEN RULES
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Airspace Volumes protect IFR Flight paths
Design volumes AFTER the routes have been designed
Do not design routes to fit into pre-existing airspace volumes
Only delineate as much airspace volume as needed
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Terminal Control Area (TMA)
A control area normally established at the confluence of ATS routes in the vicinity of one or more major aerodromes. [Doc. 4444]
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CTR
TMA
En-route
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En-Route
CTR
TMA
A generic term describing airspace surrounding an airport, within which air traffic services are provided. Such airspace predominantly contains traffic operating along SIDs and STARs or, to a lesser extent, ATS Routes of the Air Route Network.
Terminal Airspace
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Airspace Volumes
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W E
Contro lled A irspace
0
4000
8000
12000
16000
0
4000
8000
12000
16000
DEP 3% DEP 7% DEP 10% ARR MAX ARR 3°
ARRIVALS
DEPARTURES
RWY
W E
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Airspace Volumesfrom simple to complex
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Terminal Airspace System
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Combines two or more terminal airspace volumes servicing several airports in close proximity
Allows improvement of the design and management of terminal routes and ATC sectorisation
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Terminal Airspace Systems
A A
A
D D
D D
D
D
D D
D
X
A A
A
A A
A
ENTRY GATE
ENTRY GATE
A A
X
YCITY CITY
CITY CITY
ENTRY GATE
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D
D
D
D
A A
A
A
ADD
Sa
Sb
Sd
Sc
S2 S1
S3
S4S7
S5 S6
Se
Sf
FAD
FAD
D
X
Y
A
X
Y
2 3
4
A
DD
A A
A
X
CITY
D
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VFR Airport
1 Terminal Airspace(As per Chapter 6)
2 Terminal AirspacesN SectorisedNew northern HoldsMore IFR Traffic
2 Terminal AirspacesParallel RWY added at NNew southern HoldMore Traffic to Y
2 larger Terminal AirspacesTwo-Phase holding systemMore Traffic
1 Terminal Airspace systemwith Entry Gates; RevisedSectorisation
D
D
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Evolution of functions
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Airspace Volumes
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Protect IFR Flight Paths
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Airspace Volumes
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Protect IFR Flight Paths
St1
St1
St1
U ncontrolled A irspace
U ncontrolled A irspace
U ncontrolled A irspace
U ncontrolled A irspace
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Airspace Volumes
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Do not take more airspace than needed….
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Airspace Sectorisation
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Geographical Sectorisation
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Advantages Disadvantages
• ATC fully exploit space available and expedite climb and descent without need for co-ordination
• Easier to balance workload between sectors
• Simpler requirements for radar display and ATC systems
• Easy to describe operational instructions for different areas of responsibility
• Mixed traffic – departures, arrivals and transits
• If sector boundary along runway centreline, departing aircraft go to different controllers depending on direction of travel
• Transit aircraft may require co-ordination if passing through multiple sectors
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Functional Sectorisation
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Advantages Disadvantages
• One traffic type per controller – all arrivals or all departures
• All departing aircraft usually on same frequency after take-off
• Can be more flexible in some circumstances
• Vertical limits can be restrictive as unlikely to cater for all aircraft types
• Workload balance difficult especially where arrival and departure peaks do NOT coincide
• Can place demanding requirements on Radar and ATC systems
• Can be difficult to describe operational instructions for different areas of responsibility
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Avoid Sector designs that cause stepped climbs or descents
ATC Sectorisation
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ATC Sectorisation
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Sector boundaries should not coincide with route center lines
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ATC Sectorisation
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Maintain holding areain same sector
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ATC Sectorisation
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If able, keep sectorsthe same when runway changes
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ATC Sectorisation
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Avoid crossing too close to sector boundary
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ATC Sectorisation
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Vertical limits of geographic sectors need not be uniform Watch out for conflicts at boundaries
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ATC SectorisationBoundary design
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ATC SectorisationBoundary design
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ATC SectorisationBoundary design
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ATC SectorisationBoundary design
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ATC SectorisationBoundary design
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ATC Sectorisation
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What is a good Airspace Design?
Whatever works best for your circumstances.
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Iterations
Design Routes & HoldsIterations with PANS-OPS
Design Structures & Sectors
1111 222222223333 3333 Iterations
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> Extra slides…
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Questions?
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