AIRPORT TERMINAL BUILDING FRP-REINFORCED GLULAM ROOF STRUCTURE
description
Transcript of AIRPORT TERMINAL BUILDING FRP-REINFORCED GLULAM ROOF STRUCTURE
![Page 1: AIRPORT TERMINAL BUILDING FRP-REINFORCED GLULAM ROOF STRUCTURE](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/568163d2550346895dd51a6a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
AIRPORT TERMINAL BUILDINGFRP-REINFORCED GLULAM
ROOF STRUCTURE
Silesian University of TechnologyFaculty of Civil EngineeringDepartment of Structural Engineering
ENGINEERING DIPLOMA
author:Agnieszka KNOPPIK
supervisor:PhD SE Marcin GÓRSKI
![Page 2: AIRPORT TERMINAL BUILDING FRP-REINFORCED GLULAM ROOF STRUCTURE](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/568163d2550346895dd51a6a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Aim of project
The aim of project was to design a roof structure of passenger terminal building for Katowice International Airport made of FRP-
reinforced glue-laminated timber frame system taking into consideration operation of
the building under standard operation conditions.
![Page 3: AIRPORT TERMINAL BUILDING FRP-REINFORCED GLULAM ROOF STRUCTURE](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/568163d2550346895dd51a6a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Range of project1. Architectural concept of terminal building2. Design models of roof structure
beam model (simplified) surface model (detailed)
3. Composition of loads and combinations of loads under standard operation conditions
4. Stength & stability analysis of roof structure analytic method (simplified) finate element method (detailed)
5. Spatial stiffening of roof structure6. Constructional drawings of main structure and
structural elements
![Page 4: AIRPORT TERMINAL BUILDING FRP-REINFORCED GLULAM ROOF STRUCTURE](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/568163d2550346895dd51a6a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Requirements
1. Legal requirements• aviation law• building law
2. Technical requirements• complex development of apron and terminal
3. Architectural requirements• functional program
1. Project basis
![Page 5: AIRPORT TERMINAL BUILDING FRP-REINFORCED GLULAM ROOF STRUCTURE](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/568163d2550346895dd51a6a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Passenger terminals1. Terminal 3 at Beijing Capital International
Airport, China• 986,000 m2 of total floor area• 3.5 km long• 5 floors• 50 mln passengers/year • structure – standard steel modules
2. Review of existing structures
2. Teminal at Chek Lap Kok Airport, Hong Kong• 515,000m2 of total floor area• 1.2km long• structure – RC frames, steel vaulted frames, waffle floor
3. New Teminal 2 a Mexico City International Airport, Mexico
• 350,000 m2 of total floor area• RC with masonry filling
![Page 6: AIRPORT TERMINAL BUILDING FRP-REINFORCED GLULAM ROOF STRUCTURE](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/568163d2550346895dd51a6a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Glulam hall structuresarches
trusssolid
domesribbed
net
framescolumn - beam
curved
2. Review of existing structures
![Page 7: AIRPORT TERMINAL BUILDING FRP-REINFORCED GLULAM ROOF STRUCTURE](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/568163d2550346895dd51a6a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Architectureground floor first floor
3. Structural solutions
My architectural concept
![Page 8: AIRPORT TERMINAL BUILDING FRP-REINFORCED GLULAM ROOF STRUCTURE](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/568163d2550346895dd51a6a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Structure B x L = 42.9 x 174.9 m; H ≈ 20 m
Load-bearing structure FRP-reinforced glulam cable-stayed frames every 6 / 9 m.
3. Structural solutions
![Page 9: AIRPORT TERMINAL BUILDING FRP-REINFORCED GLULAM ROOF STRUCTURE](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/568163d2550346895dd51a6a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Static model – beam modelarch elements replaced with sequence 0f straight segments
flexible supports replacing cables
4. Loads
Rough assesment of internal forces distribution.
![Page 10: AIRPORT TERMINAL BUILDING FRP-REINFORCED GLULAM ROOF STRUCTURE](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/568163d2550346895dd51a6a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Dead load
self load of roof covering
self load of structure
installations
roof bracing
case A - max. dead load
4. Loads
case B - min. dead load
![Page 11: AIRPORT TERMINAL BUILDING FRP-REINFORCED GLULAM ROOF STRUCTURE](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/568163d2550346895dd51a6a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Wind load PN-77-B-02011
qk = 550 Pa (account for thrust)
Ce = 1.2 (height-dependent)
β = 1.8 (initial assumption)
4. Loads
![Page 12: AIRPORT TERMINAL BUILDING FRP-REINFORCED GLULAM ROOF STRUCTURE](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/568163d2550346895dd51a6a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Wind load
case C wind from the left
Case E wind from the front
case D wind from the right
4. Loads
![Page 13: AIRPORT TERMINAL BUILDING FRP-REINFORCED GLULAM ROOF STRUCTURE](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/568163d2550346895dd51a6a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Snow load EN 1991-1-3
sk = 0.9 kN/m (zone II)
Ce = 0.8 (windswept topography)
Ct = 0.77 (glass roof covering)
4. Loads
![Page 14: AIRPORT TERMINAL BUILDING FRP-REINFORCED GLULAM ROOF STRUCTURE](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/568163d2550346895dd51a6a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Snow loadcase F
balanced situation
case Gunbalanced situation 1
case Hunbalanced situation 2
4. Loads
![Page 15: AIRPORT TERMINAL BUILDING FRP-REINFORCED GLULAM ROOF STRUCTURE](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/568163d2550346895dd51a6a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Temperature EN 1991-1-5 difference between FRP and
glulam: thermal expansion coefficientsheat transfer
changing cross-sections : different uniform temperature
moisture
Temperature difference
case I - summer ΔT = 200C
case J - winter ΔT = -200C
4. Loads
![Page 16: AIRPORT TERMINAL BUILDING FRP-REINFORCED GLULAM ROOF STRUCTURE](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/568163d2550346895dd51a6a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Combinations of loadsFundamental combination (ULS)
Characteristic combination (SLS)
5. Combinations of loads
always A / B + optionally C / D / E + F / G / H + I / J
dead load wind load snow load temperature
![Page 17: AIRPORT TERMINAL BUILDING FRP-REINFORCED GLULAM ROOF STRUCTURE](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/568163d2550346895dd51a6a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Envelopes of internal forces
Bending moments
Shear forcesNormal forces
5. Combinations of loads
![Page 18: AIRPORT TERMINAL BUILDING FRP-REINFORCED GLULAM ROOF STRUCTURE](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/568163d2550346895dd51a6a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
FRP –reinforced glulamMoment curvature model – similar to reinforced concrete linear-elastic-ideal-plastic relationship within
cross-section linear-elastic behaviour of FRP Bernoulli hypothesis applied shear strength of bond between FRP and timber
greater than shear strength of timber along fibres ideally stiff bond, so εw = εf
substitute section method for stiffness evaluation influence of glue on stiffness neglected, Eglue =
Etimber
6. FRP-reinforced glulam
![Page 19: AIRPORT TERMINAL BUILDING FRP-REINFORCED GLULAM ROOF STRUCTURE](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/568163d2550346895dd51a6a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Mechanism of action. Modes of failure
7. ULS analytic
![Page 20: AIRPORT TERMINAL BUILDING FRP-REINFORCED GLULAM ROOF STRUCTURE](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/568163d2550346895dd51a6a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Ultimate Limit States7. ULS analytic
bending with axial tension
bending with axial compression (horizontal elements)
bending with axial compression (vertical elements)
![Page 21: AIRPORT TERMINAL BUILDING FRP-REINFORCED GLULAM ROOF STRUCTURE](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/568163d2550346895dd51a6a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Ultimate Limit Statesstrength condition at bent segments
shear strength
effective geometrical data ecountered
7. ULS analytic
![Page 22: AIRPORT TERMINAL BUILDING FRP-REINFORCED GLULAM ROOF STRUCTURE](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/568163d2550346895dd51a6a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Ultimate moment7. ULS analytic
effective height: h = h0 a c eh = h0 – hp b d f
neutral axis location:hn = hn(hf, E0, Ef, hp) a bhn = hn(hf, E0, Ef, hp, fm, fc) c dhn = hn(hf, E0, Ef, hp, fm, fc, εc) e f
modification factor:kM = kM(hn, hf, E0, Ef) a bkM = kM(hn, hf, hc, E0, Ef)c d e f
![Page 23: AIRPORT TERMINAL BUILDING FRP-REINFORCED GLULAM ROOF STRUCTURE](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/568163d2550346895dd51a6a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
ULS control Control sections: bending + compressionControl sections: shear
7. ULS analytic
![Page 24: AIRPORT TERMINAL BUILDING FRP-REINFORCED GLULAM ROOF STRUCTURE](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/568163d2550346895dd51a6a/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Static model – surface model8. ULS FEM
![Page 25: AIRPORT TERMINAL BUILDING FRP-REINFORCED GLULAM ROOF STRUCTURE](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/568163d2550346895dd51a6a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Static model – surface model8. ULS FEM
![Page 26: AIRPORT TERMINAL BUILDING FRP-REINFORCED GLULAM ROOF STRUCTURE](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/568163d2550346895dd51a6a/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Dynamic wind action. Modal analysis
8. ULS FEM
n = 0.45 β = 1.51n = 1.28 β = 1.41n = 1.34 β = 1.41n = 1.90 β = 1.41n = 2.94 β = 1.42n = 4.07 β = 1.41
assumption
β = 1.8
satisfactory!
![Page 27: AIRPORT TERMINAL BUILDING FRP-REINFORCED GLULAM ROOF STRUCTURE](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/568163d2550346895dd51a6a/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Ultimate stress8. ULS FEM
Model 1: High concetration of stresses at the internal supportModel 2. Increased stiffness of cables. Little change in stress distribution
Model 3. No cables. Little change in stress distribution
Model 4. Second column introduced. Satisfactory stress distribution
![Page 28: AIRPORT TERMINAL BUILDING FRP-REINFORCED GLULAM ROOF STRUCTURE](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/568163d2550346895dd51a6a/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Ultimate stress8. ULS FEM
Model 5. Scheme
Reinforcement applied:• support area - 3 FRP strips h = 1.8mm, Ef = 300GPa along top fibres• sag area – 1 FRP strip h = 1.4mm, Ef = 300GPa along bottom fibres3 strips σt > 90% ft,0,g,d
2 strips σt > 80% ft,0,g,d
1 strip σt > 70% ft,0,g,d
![Page 29: AIRPORT TERMINAL BUILDING FRP-REINFORCED GLULAM ROOF STRUCTURE](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/568163d2550346895dd51a6a/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Serviceability Limit States
instanteneous deflection final deflectionstiffness increase kEI ∙ EIkEI = kEI(hf, hp)
negligible effects of FRP creep
ufin = uinst (1 + kdef)
ufin ≤ ufin,net
9. SLS
![Page 30: AIRPORT TERMINAL BUILDING FRP-REINFORCED GLULAM ROOF STRUCTURE](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/568163d2550346895dd51a6a/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Serviceability Limit States9. SLS
Deformation of girder under characteristic combination of loads
Horizontal displacements
Vertical displacements
![Page 31: AIRPORT TERMINAL BUILDING FRP-REINFORCED GLULAM ROOF STRUCTURE](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/568163d2550346895dd51a6a/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Serviceability Limit States9. SLS
Control sections
section I-I
uins = 4.1cm kEI = 1.0 ufin = 6.2cm > unet = 5.0cm
section II-II
uins = 12.0cm kEI = 1.1 ufin = 16.0cm > unet = 10.0cm
![Page 32: AIRPORT TERMINAL BUILDING FRP-REINFORCED GLULAM ROOF STRUCTURE](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/568163d2550346895dd51a6a/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
+ reinforcement in sag area (3 FRP strips h = 1.8mm, Ef = 300GPa)
Serviceability Limit States9. SLS
Horizontal displacements
Vertical displacements
![Page 33: AIRPORT TERMINAL BUILDING FRP-REINFORCED GLULAM ROOF STRUCTURE](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/568163d2550346895dd51a6a/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Serviceability Limit States9. SLS
Control sections
section I-I uins = 3.1cm kEI = 1.0 ufin = 4.6cm < unet = 5.0cm
section II-II uins = 8.4cm kEI = 1.25 ufin = 9.9cm < unet = 10.0cm
most unfavourable case A+H
1 strip kEI = 1.10 u1s
= 6.2cm2 strips kEI = 1.19 u2s = 6.7cm3 strips kEI = 1.26 u3s = 7.1cm
![Page 34: AIRPORT TERMINAL BUILDING FRP-REINFORCED GLULAM ROOF STRUCTURE](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/568163d2550346895dd51a6a/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Bracings
wind truss bracing located horizontally
between adjacent frames
transfer wind load to foundations
located horizontally between adjacent frames
protect nodes of compressed elements against transverse movement
10. Spatial stiffening
![Page 35: AIRPORT TERMINAL BUILDING FRP-REINFORCED GLULAM ROOF STRUCTURE](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/568163d2550346895dd51a6a/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Wind truss• transverse wind truss every 30m• longitudinal wind truss along outer edge of roof• wall truss
10. Spatial stiffening
![Page 36: AIRPORT TERMINAL BUILDING FRP-REINFORCED GLULAM ROOF STRUCTURE](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/568163d2550346895dd51a6a/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Roof wind trussesTransverse truss designed for uniformly distributed load q
10. Spatial stiffening
Longitudinal truss designed for slenderness conditions:• compressed elements λ ≤ 250• tensiled elements λ ≤ 350
![Page 37: AIRPORT TERMINAL BUILDING FRP-REINFORCED GLULAM ROOF STRUCTURE](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/568163d2550346895dd51a6a/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Wall trusses1. Wall truss being a component of transverse roof
truss designed for internal forces under q load2. Wall truss between external columns designed for
reaction from girder on columns R = 23kN
10. Spatial stiffening
![Page 38: AIRPORT TERMINAL BUILDING FRP-REINFORCED GLULAM ROOF STRUCTURE](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/568163d2550346895dd51a6a/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Vertical bracing10. Spatial stiffening
![Page 39: AIRPORT TERMINAL BUILDING FRP-REINFORCED GLULAM ROOF STRUCTURE](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/568163d2550346895dd51a6a/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Vertical bracing10. Spatial stiffening
Designed for concentrated load Q
Q = q ∙ a
![Page 40: AIRPORT TERMINAL BUILDING FRP-REINFORCED GLULAM ROOF STRUCTURE](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/568163d2550346895dd51a6a/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Bolted joints (steel-to-timber joint)
10. Spatial stiffening
Thickness of steel plate
Required number of screws in joint per element
Number of connectors influences minimum width of connected element!
t = t(d, fuk)
R = R(fh,1,d, t1, d, Myd)
![Page 41: AIRPORT TERMINAL BUILDING FRP-REINFORCED GLULAM ROOF STRUCTURE](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/568163d2550346895dd51a6a/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Supports10. Spatial stiffening
Support of girder on RC deck – pivot supportReaction from girder V
clamp stength of rocker/hull and roller
Support of girder on RC deck – column support Reaction from girder V
clamp stength of steel bearing and column
![Page 42: AIRPORT TERMINAL BUILDING FRP-REINFORCED GLULAM ROOF STRUCTURE](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/568163d2550346895dd51a6a/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Glued joints10. Spatial stiffening
shear stress
tensile stress across fibres
![Page 43: AIRPORT TERMINAL BUILDING FRP-REINFORCED GLULAM ROOF STRUCTURE](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/568163d2550346895dd51a6a/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
CONCLUSIONS1. The effect of reinforcement on strength
and stiffness of glued-laminated timber elements
2. Comparison of analytic method and final element method
![Page 44: AIRPORT TERMINAL BUILDING FRP-REINFORCED GLULAM ROOF STRUCTURE](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/568163d2550346895dd51a6a/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Articles
Books
9 Polish works 21 foreign works
1.Ajdukiewicz A., Mames J.: Konstrukcje z betonu sprężonego. Polski Cement Sp. z o.o., Kraków (2004)
2.Flaga A.: Inżynieria wiatrowa. Podstawy i zastosowania. Wydawnictwo “Arkady”, Warszawa (2008)
3.Jasieńko J.: Połączenia klejowe i inżynierskie w naprawie, konserwacji i wzmacnianiu zabytkowych kontrukcji drewnianych. Dolnośląskie Wydawnictwo Edukacyjne, Wrocław (2003)
4.Łubiński M., Filipowicz A., Żółtowski W.: Konstrukcje metalowe. Część I: Podstawy projektowania, wydanie 2zm. Wydawnictwo ``Arkady'', Warszawa (2000)
5.Masłowski E., Spiżewska D.: Wzmacnianie konstrukcji budowlanych. Wydawnictwo ``Arkady'', Warszawa (2000)
6.Michniewicz Z.: Konstrucke drewniane. Wydawnictwo “Arkady”, Warszawa (1958)
7.Mielczarek Z.: Nowoczesne konstrukcje w budownictwie ogólnym. Wydawnictwo “Arkady”, Warszawa (2001)
8.Neufert E., Neufert P.: Architect’s data. 3rd edition9.Nożyński W.: Przykłady obliczeń konstrukcji budowlanych z drewna.
Wydanie 2 zm., Wydawnictwa Szkolne i Pedagogiczne S.A., Warszawa (1994)
10.Świątecki A., Nita P., Świątecki P.: Lotniska. Wydawnictwo Instytutu Wojsk Lotniczych, Warszawa (1999)
Bibliography
![Page 45: AIRPORT TERMINAL BUILDING FRP-REINFORCED GLULAM ROOF STRUCTURE](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/568163d2550346895dd51a6a/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Standards1. PN-77-B-02011 – Obciążenia w obliczeniach statycznych.
Obciążenie wiatrem.2. PN-81/B-03020. Grunty budowlane. Posadowienie bezpośrednie
budowli – Obliczenia statyczne i projektowanie.3. PN-82/B-02402. Ogrzewnictwo – Temperatury ogrzewanych
pomieszczeń w budynkach.4. PN-90-B-03200. Konstrukcje stalowe. Obliczenia statyczne i
projektowanie.5. PN-B-03150:2000. Konstrukcje drewniane – obliczenia statyczne i
projektowanie.6. PN-B-03264:2002. Konstrukcje betonowe, żelbetowe i sprężone –
obliczenia statyczne i projektowanie.7. prEN 1990 – Eurocode 0: Basis of structural design.8. prEN 1991-1-1 – Eurocode 1: Actions on structures - Part 1-1:
General actions -Densities, self-weight, imposed loads for buildings.
9. prEN 1991-1-3 – Eurocode 1: Actions on structures - Part 1-3: General actions – Snow loads.
10. prEN 1991-1-5 – Eurocode 1: Actions on structures - Part 1-5: General actions – Thermal actions.
Bibliography
![Page 46: AIRPORT TERMINAL BUILDING FRP-REINFORCED GLULAM ROOF STRUCTURE](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/568163d2550346895dd51a6a/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Legal papers1. Convention on International Civil Aviation. 9th edition (2006)2. Konwencja o miedzynaroodowym lotnictwie cywilnym (2002)3. Prawo budowlane. Ustawa z dnia 7 lipca 1994 r.4. Prawo lotnicze. Ustawa z dnia 3 lipca 2002 r.5. Rozporzadzenie Ministra Infrastruktury z dnia 31 sierpnia 1998 r.
w sprawie przepisów techniczno-budowlanych dla lotnisk cywilnych.
6. Rozporzadzenie Ministra Infrastruktury z dnia 12 kwietnia 2002 r. w sprawie warunków technicznych, jakim powinny odpowiadac budynki i ich usytuowanie.
7. Rozporzadzenie Ministra Infrastruktury z dnia 25 czerwca 2003 r. w sprawie warunków, jakie powinny spełniac obiekty budowlane oraz naturalne w otoczeniu lotniska.
8. Rozporzadzenie Ministra Infrastruktury z dnia 30 kwietnia 2004 r. w sprawie klasyfikacji lotnisk i rejestru lotnisk cywilnych.
Bibliography
Web pages
![Page 47: AIRPORT TERMINAL BUILDING FRP-REINFORCED GLULAM ROOF STRUCTURE](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/568163d2550346895dd51a6a/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Thank youfor attention
The End