“Airport Safety Management Systems Implementation”

““Airport Safety Management Airport Safety Management Systems Implementation”Systems Implementation”

Dr. S.H. Cardoso, Ph.D.Dr. S.H. Cardoso, Ph.D.Aga Regional Officer – ICAO/LIMAAga Regional Officer – ICAO/LIMA

Mexico, 16 March 2006Mexico, 16 March 2006

ICAO/ASPA REGIONAL SEMINAR ON SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

(SMS)

IntroductionIntroduction

Safety Management Systems for Safety Management Systems for Airports Airports

SMS SMS SubsystemsSubsystems

What are Systems?What are Systems?

ConclusionsConclusions

Safety Management Systems Safety Management Systems (SMS)(SMS)

Airport Safety Management Systems Airport Safety Management Systems ImplementationImplementation

Man-Machine Man-Machine InteractionInteraction

Decision Decision Making Making ProcessProcess

Whole Whole OptimizationOptimization

Reliable Reliable InformationInformationTechnologyTechnology



What are What are systems?systems?

Post-Industrial Society Post-Industrial Society

Not only to organize, but to produce with Not only to organize, but to produce with efficiencyefficiency

How to organize for making decisions or information How to organize for making decisions or information processprocess



InputInput

Conversion Conversion mechanismmechanism

A set of interconnected parts or “any conceptual A set of interconnected parts or “any conceptual or physical entity composed by interrelated, or physical entity composed by interrelated, interactive or interdependent parts”interactive or interdependent parts”

What are What are Systems?Systems?


OutputOutput

co

InputInput Demands, Requests, Demands, Requests, Requirements/Needs Requirements/Needs

ProcessProcess System (own)System (own)

OutputOutputPolitical decisions, Guidance, Political decisions, Guidance, Goods/Services, Generated Goods/Services, Generated

strategies, Alternatives, etc.strategies, Alternatives, etc.


What are What are Systems?Systems?

co

OutputOutputInputInput ProcessProcess

ConstraintConstraintControlControl

FeedbackFeedback

EnvironmentEnvironment

ProblemProblem

InformationInformation

Resou

rce

Resou

rce

ssO

bje

ctiv

eO

bje

ctiv

ess

FILTER

FILTER


What are Systems?What are Systems?

SMSSMS

Requirement for any modern Requirement for any modern businessbusiness

co



It consists in a set of coherent policies (integrated and documented), procedures and practices for effectively managing the safe operation of any

business

A complete SMS A complete SMS should:should:

Integrate Integrate security, security,

healthy/labor healthy/labor safety and safety and

safetysafety

Encompass safety Encompass safety issues applicable to issues applicable to the public in general the public in general

and all the people and all the people involved in the involved in the

businessbusiness co



ICAO: SMS is a system for ICAO: SMS is a system for managing aerodrome safety, which managing aerodrome safety, which

should include:should include:

Organizational Organizational structurestructure

ResponsibilitiesResponsibilities

ProceduresProcedures

ProcessProcess

Provisions Provisions

For For implementing implementing safety policies safety policies by aerodrome by aerodrome

operatorsoperators

co



Main objective of a SMS: To comply Main objective of a SMS: To comply with the relevant with the relevant

standards/regulations standards/regulations

Organizational and Organizational and human aspects of human aspects of

an aerodrome an aerodrome operationoperation

The productsThe products

SMS focuses SMS focuses on: on:

Quality systems focus Quality systems focus on: on:

co



DATA DATA BASEBASE

Initial Initial data data

collectcollect. .

Avail. Avail. datadata

Policy Policy (Philos.)(Philos.)

DefinitioDefinition of n of resp.resp.

ACTIACTIV V

OK?OK?

NONO

Notification for Notification for hazard, risk & hazard, risk & actions takenactions taken

Evaluation of Evaluation of system system

operationoperation

Doc./ Doc./ data data

controcontroll

YESYES

Audit of the Audit of the operation & operation & evaluation evaluation

of of inc./accidentinc./accident

Investigate Investigate & adjust & adjust

activ.activ.

Training/ Training/ QualificatioQualificatio

nn

Risk Risk managemmanagem

..

Environment:Environment: AERODROMEAERODROME

SMSSMS

PolicyPolicyDefin. Defin. of of

responrespons.s.

Risk Risk manag.manag.Inv./Inv./

adjust. adjust. ActivityActivity

TrainingTraining/ /

qualificqualificat. at.

DocumentaDocumentat./ data t./ data controlcontrol

Evaluat. of Evaluat. of system system operat.operat.



Notif. for Notif. for hazards, risks, hazards, risks, actions takenactions taken

Operation Operation audit - audit -

accid./incid. accid./incid. Eval.Eval.

PolicyPolicy

ParticipatioParticipation n

Senior Senior managermanager

All the staff All the staff



Set objectives Set objectives

Indicate how to reach Indicate how to reach them them

PolicyPolicy

CEOCEO

Facilitating Facilitating information on safety information on safety

among stavesamong staves

Training for Training for staff/ staff/

contractorscontractors

Adequate Adequate resources to resources to operate the operate the

adme adme



How the senior manager shows commitment with the How the senior manager shows commitment with the SMS SMS

PolicyPolicy

Function of aerodrome sizeFunction of aerodrome size

1 responsible for each area1 responsible for each area

Lighting, maintenance, Lighting, maintenance, contractors, external agents contractors, external agents

(consultants, material (consultants, material providers, stockholders, providers, stockholders,

airlines, etc.)airlines, etc.)



Definition of Definition of responsibilityresponsibility

Safety officer Safety officer

Just one responsible for the Just one responsible for the aerodromeaerodrome

Most report directly to the Most report directly to the CEOCEO




ComunicatiComunicationon

Safety Safety officerofficer

CEOCEO

ResponsibilityResponsibility



Safety Safety committeecommittee

Function of the aerodrome Function of the aerodrome sizesize

Presided by Presided by the safety the safety

officerofficer

Regular Regular meetingsmeetings




Risk Risk managementmanagement

Identify hazard and Identify hazard and manage/control risksmanage/control risksIdentify hazard and Identify hazard and

manage/control risksmanage/control risks

How?How?



44

33

22

11

PeoplePeople

EquipmenEquipmentsts

ProcedureProceduress




Hazard identificationHazard identification

Example: lack or Example: lack or bad management bad management

of bird/wildlife of bird/wildlife hazardhazard

Well Well defineddefined

SubtleSubtle

Example: Staff Example: Staff without without

experienceexperience





Risk Risk managememanageme

ntnt


Identify Identify hazardhazard

Evaluate Evaluate risk risk

potentialpotential

Judge risks Judge risks tolerability tolerability

Hierarchy of Hierarchy of risks risks

potentialpotential

How to evaluate risks How to evaluate risks potential?potential?

Risk = f(time, cost, difficulty to avoid the Risk = f(time, cost, difficulty to avoid the risks, etc)risks, etc)

RISK = RISK = f(P,S,t)f(P,S,t)

P = probability of occurrence P = probability of occurrence

S = severity of the S = severity of the consequencesconsequences




Hazard identification & risk evaluation are Hazard identification & risk evaluation are not staticnot static

DependDependss

Change in Change in the the

organiz.organiz.

New New equipm. or equipm. or

facilityfacility

Equip. Equip. deactivdeactiv

at.at.

New proc. New proc. or proc. or proc. reviewreview PersonnPersonn

el el rotationrotation

LegislatiLegislation on

variationvariation




Should Should never never occuroccur

< 10< 10-9-9

Unlikely Unlikely to occurto occur

1010-7-7 a 10 a 10-9-9

Could Could occur occur some some timetime

1010-5-5 a 10 a 10-7-7

Could Could occur occur frequfrequentlyently

1 a 101 a 10-3-3


QualitativeQualitative

Quantitative: Quantitative: OperationsOperations

Definition Definition

Could Could occur occur

several several timestimes

1010-3-3 a 10 a 10-5-5

Freq.Freq.

Probability of occurrenceProbability of occurrence

Extremely Extremely unlikelyunlikely

Extremely Extremely remoteremote

RemoteRemote ReasonabReasonab. likely. likely

CatastrophCatastrophicic

DangerousDangerous

ModerateModerate

LowLow




Severity Severity (Consequence(Consequence

s)s)

Severity Severity levelslevels




SeveritySeverity

LowLow

ModerateModerate

DangerousDangerous

CatastrophiCatastrophicc

Lack of skillLack of skill

Minor injuryMinor injury

Serious Serious injuryinjuryDeathDeath

InoperabilityInoperability

Partial Partial damagedamageSerious Serious damagedamageUnrec. Unrec. damagedamage

ShortShort

TemporaryTemporary

LongLong

--------

Within the scope of:Within the scope of:

PeoplePeople MaterialMaterial Time of Time of exposureexposure

Catast.Catast.

DangerouDangeroussModerateModerate

LowLowSeveri

tyS

everi

ty

RevisionRevision Unaccept.Unaccept. Unaccep.Unaccep. Unaccep.Unaccep. Unac.Unac.

RevisionRevision RevisionRevision Unaccep.Unaccep. Unaccep.Unaccep. Unac.Unac.

AcceptablAcceptablee

RevisionRevision RevisionRevision RevisionRevision Rev.Rev.

AcceptablAcceptablee

AcceptableAcceptable Accept.Accept. Accept.Accept. Rev.Rev.

Risk analysis matrixRisk analysis matrix




Probability of occurrenceProbability of occurrence

Ext. unlik.Ext. unlik. Freq.Freq.RemoteRemoteExt. Ext. remoteremote

Reas. Reas. lik.lik.

Identify hazardIdentify hazard

Risk is Risk is Toler.?Toler.?

YeYess

Accept riskAccept risk

NONO

Reduce risk to Reduce risk to accep. levelaccep. level

Estimate riskEstimate risk

Check severityCheck severity Check probabilityCheck probability




Investigation & adjustment of Investigation & adjustment of activityactivity

““BRAINSTORMINBRAINSTORMING”G”

Standards/procedures formal review: Auditing Standards/procedures formal review: Auditing checking listchecking list

Inquiries/Questionnaires with Inquiries/Questionnaires with staffstaff

Safety evaluation, External/internal technical Safety evaluation, External/internal technical inspectionsinspections

System of confidential System of confidential reportsreports



HighHigh

LowLow

HighHigh

LowLow

RiskRiskProbab.Probab. SeveritySeverity



Investigation & adjustment of Investigation & adjustment of activityactivity

Insig. Insig. riskrisk

Reg. Reg. accept.accept.

Reg. Reg. tolerab.tolerab.

Unacceptable Unacceptable riskrisk

Training/Training/QualificationQualification

SMS is responsible for:SMS is responsible for:

Training/Qualification Training/Qualification frequency frequency New employeesNew employees

knowledge of the documentsknowledge of the documents

Introduction of new Introduction of new technologies/equipmentstechnologies/equipments

Each one´s roleEach one´s role

Minimum Minimum curriculumcurriculum



Documentation/Data Documentation/Data controlcontrol

DOCSDOCSDOCSDOCS

DOCSDOCSDOCSDOCSLarge Large aerodromesaerodromes

Independent Independent SMSSMS



Small Small aerodromesaerodromes

In the aerodrome In the aerodrome manualmanual

Update/distribute Update/distribute documentsdocuments

should clearly indicate how the manual is should clearly indicate how the manual is updated in accordance with the variation of updated in accordance with the variation of

the regulationsthe regulations

Reliable process forReliable process for

Registration of: audit, Registration of: audit, technical inspections technical inspections & special information& special information

Easy recuperation Easy recuperation of this informationof this information



Documentation/Data Documentation/Data controlcontrol

SMS needs continuous SMS needs continuous informationinformation

REPORTSREPORTS

ImpartiImpartialal

ConfidentiConfidentialal

Easy Easy useuse

SimplSimplee



Notification of hazards, risks & actions Notification of hazards, risks & actions takentaken

Safety audit - Accident/incident Safety audit - Accident/incident evaluationevaluation

AUDITAUDIT

ContractorsContractors

Accid./Accid./incid.incid.

ConsultantConsultantss

ProceduresProcedures



System operation System operation evaluationevaluation

EvaluatedEvaluatedRevisedRevised

SMS be SMS be regularlyregularly

Aerodrome CEO must assure Aerodrome CEO must assure thatthat



Regular, structured and Regular, structured and systematic revisionssystematic revisions

SMS effectiviness is evaluated SMS effectiviness is evaluated by:by:







Perf

orm

an

ce

Perf

orm

an

ce

(ach

ievem

en

ts(a

ch

ievem

en

ts))

Upward Upward trendtrend

Constant Constant trend trend Downward Downward trend trend

Time Time

What are What are systemssystemsWhole Whole optimizationoptimizationImput, process, Imput, process, outputoutputSMS: safety, security, labor & health SMS: safety, security, labor & health safetysafetySMS: 9 SMS: 9 subsystemssubsystems



Safety officer <> Safety officer <> CEOCEO

Policy/philosophy: objectives and how to Policy/philosophy: objectives and how to reach themreach them

Risk = Risk = f(P,S)f(P,S)

SMS responsible: aerodrome SMS responsible: aerodrome CEO CEO Participation: high managers/all Participation: high managers/all staffstaff

Adjust risk to tolerable Adjust risk to tolerable levellevel



““SI EL PROBLEMA TIENE SOLUCION, NO CALENTE SI EL PROBLEMA TIENE SOLUCION, NO CALENTE LA CABEZA PORQUE TIENE SOLUCION.LA CABEZA PORQUE TIENE SOLUCION. SI EL SI EL

PROBLEMA NO TIENE SOLUCION NO CALIENTE LA PROBLEMA NO TIENE SOLUCION NO CALIENTE LA CABEZA PORQUE NO TIENE SOLUCION”.CABEZA PORQUE NO TIENE SOLUCION”.

Chinese proverbChinese proverb


“Airport Safety Management Systems Implementation”

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