Airport Planning and Design Aircraft Classifications.pdf

7/28/2019 Airport Planning and Design Aircraft Classifications.pdf

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Airport Planning and Design (Antonio A. Trani)

CEE 4674Airport Planning and Design

Aircraft Classifications

Dr. Antonio A. TraniProfessor

Civil and Environmental Engineering

Spring 2010

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Material Presented

• The aircraft and the airport

• Aircraft classifications

• Aircraft characteristics and their relation toairport planning

• New large capacity aircraft (NLA) impacts

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Relevance of Aircraft Characteristics

• Aircraft classifications are useful in airport engineeringwork (including terminal gate sizing, apron and taxiwayplanning, etc.) and in air traffic analyses

• Most of the airport design standards are related to

aircraft size (i.e., wingspan, aircraft length, aircraftwheelbase, aircraft seating capacity, etc.)

• Airport fleet compositions vary over time and thus isimperative that we learn how to forecast expected

vehicle sizes over long periods of time

• The Next Generation (NextGen) air transportationsystem will cater to a more diverse pool of aircraft

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Airport Engineering and AircraftCharacteristics

• Imperative to know the performance aspects of the aircraft on the ground (low taxiing speeds) aswell as on takeoff and landing

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Boeing757-200winglets

rotates at LAXrunway 25R(A.A. Trani)




Geometric Design Classification (ICAO)

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Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)Geometric Design Classification

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DesignGroup

Tail Height(Feet)

Wingspan(feet)

RepresentativeAircraft Types

I <20 <49Cessna 172, Beech 36,Cessna 421, Learjet 35

II 20 to <30 49 to < 79

Beech B300, Cessna 550

Falcon 50, Challenger 605

III 30 to <45 79 to < 118Boeing 737, Airbus A320

CRJ-900, EMB-190

IV 45 to < 60 118 to < 171Boeing 767, Boeing 757,

Airbus A300, Douglas DC-10

V 60 to < 66 171 to < 214Boeing 747, Airbus A340,

Boeing 777

VI 66 to <80 214 to < 262 Airbus A380, Antonov 124*

* The Antonov 225 has a wingspan of 290 feet (in a class by itself). Only one aircraft produced.




FAA Approach Speed Classification

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Source to Find Aircraft Approach Speedand Aircraft Mass (weight) Data

• FAA Advisory Circular AC/150 5300-13Airport Design (available at our web site)

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FAA Wake Vortex Classification

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Wake Vortex

• Every aircraft generates wakes behind the

wing due to the strong circulation requiredto generate lift

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Circulation

StrengthBoundary

Wake vortices depend on aircraftmass, wingspan and atmospheric

conditions




International Air Transport Association

(IATA) Classification• Used in the forecast of aircraft movements at an

airport based on the IATA forecast methodology

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Other Classifications that You Will Hear

in Trade Magazines• Aircraft classification based on the aircraft use

• General aviation aircraft (GA)

• Corporate aircraft (CA)

• Commuter aircraft (COM)

• Transport aircraft (TA)

• Short-range

• Medium-range

• Long-range

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General Aviation Aircraft

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Corporate Aircraft

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Commuter Aircraft

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Short-Range Transport Aircraft

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Medium-Range Transport Aircraft

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Long-Range Transport Aircraft

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New Trends

• New large capacity aircraft (NLA or VLCA)

• Airbus A380 and Boeing 747-8

• New generation long-range transport

• Boeing 787 and Airbus A350

• New generation short range aircraft

• Bombardier C-Series, Comac 919 andYakovlev MC-21

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New Large Capacity Aircraft (NLA/VLCA)

• Airbus A380 was introduced into service in 2008

• Boeing 747-8 will be introduced in late 2010

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A380-800 at LAX Airport (A. Trani)




Tradeoffs in the Design of Aircraft

•Aircraft designed purely on aerodynamic principleswould be costly to the airport operator yet havelow Direct Operating Cost (DOC)

• Aircraft heavily constrained by current airport

design standards might not be very efficient tooperate

• Adaptations of aircraft to fit airports can be costly

• Some impact on aerodynamic performance

• Weight considerations (i.e., landing gear design)

• Tradeoffs are needed to address all these issues

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Impacts of New Large Capacity Aircraft

• Large capacity aircraft requirements

• Airside infrastructure impacts (taxiways andrunways)

• Runway capacity impacts

• Airport terminal impacts (gates and aprons)

• Pavement design considerations

• Noise considerations

• Systems approach is needed to study theseimpacts

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Very Large Capacity Aircraft: Airbus A380-800

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Comparative Size of Airbus A380 andOther Heavy Aircraft

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Aircraft Wing Aspect

Ratio (AR)

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AR = b2/ S

AR

b2

wing aspect ratio

(dimensionless)wingspan (ft2 or m2)

S wing area (ft2 or m2)

b

S




Evolution of Aircraft Wing Aspect Ratios

•Long range aircraft require very long andthin wings to be aerodynamically efficient

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Very Large Capacity Aircraft Runway andTaxiway Requirements

• NLA aircraft require (in principle) widerrunways and wider taxiways

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Large Capacity Aircraft Require LargerManeuvering Envelopes

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source: Airbus and the author




Airport Terminal Impacts

• Large capacity aircraft require more

complex gate interfaces to expedite theenplaning/deplaning of passengers

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In-trail Separation Requirements(per Trani and Venturini, 2001)

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Capacity Impacts of NLA Operations

• Runway capacity is influenced by larger in-trail separations (i.e., reduction in runwaycapacity)

•Airport terminal volume requirementscould increase due to the larger size of theaircraft (up to 850 passengers in a singleclass configuration)

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Runway Capacity Impact Analysis

• The diagram shows that large capacityaircraft can reduce the runway hourlycapacity of the airport

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Airport Pavement Design Impacts

• Very large capacity aircraft have complexlanding gear configurations that requirecareful analysis to understand their impactson airport pavements

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Airport Planning and Design Aircraft Classifications.pdf

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