Airport Markings and Lighting -...
Transcript of Airport Markings and Lighting -...
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Airport Markings and Lighting
Dr. A. A. TraniAssociate Professor of Civil Engineering
Associate Director of NEXTORVirginia Tech
Blacksburg, VAApril 21, 1998
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Outline of this Presentation
• A human factors problem
• How important are markings
• Why standardized markings
• Various marking schemes
• Lights
• Approach light types
• Signage
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A Human Factors Problem
• Cockpit visibility is an issue during approach and landing operations
• Aircraft usually fly a 3 degree approach slope but the actual fuselage deck angle might be 7-10 degrees with the horizontal
Visibility Cone
Runway
Aircraft
Flight Path
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Aircraft Approach Attitude
Consider the aircraft attitude during the landing roll on why markings are important
B727-200Flare
TouchdownMarkings
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Taxiway Markings
Taxiway markings provide guidance during good and bad weather conditions (note the yellow markings)
Cessna 650
Taxiway Centerline
Holding LineMarks
Markings
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Runway Markings (FAA)
There are three basic runway marking arrangements
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Runway Markings
Touchdown Marks (1000 ft.)
Threshold Marks
Runway Identification Number
Runway Edge Marks
Runway Centerline Marks
Runway Turnoff
Runway Shoulder
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Runway Threshold Markings
Runway Number
Threshold Markers
150 ft
Runway CL Marks
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More Runway/HS Exit Markings
Precision runways require 5 types of markings (centerline, edge, touchdown, runway ID, and threshold)
Runway CL Marks
CL Taxiway
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HS Exit Markings
HS exits deserve special attention because they are seldom used at the design speed by pilots
REDIM 3520 Geometry35 m/s Design Exit Speed20 Degree Exit Angle
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Typical Approach Lights
The approach lights provide roll guidance during landing (very important during low visibility operations)
2000 ft3000 ft
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Sample View from the Cockpit
Another sample of precision approach lights as viewed from 1000 ft (note the color of these lights)
HS Exits
Touchdown Lights
Runway EndIdentififierLights (REIL)
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Detail of High Speed Exit Lights
HS exit lights are shown in more detail in this figure
REIL
HS Exit Lights
Touchdown Lights
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Placement of Runway Touchdown Lights
Runway lights are flushed on runways to avoid damage to the aircraft landing gear
26 inches
MountingSupport
17” inchPCCRunway
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Runway Light Fixtures (RLF)
RLF are frangible structures located near the runway or taxiway shoulders
Shoulder
Light Fixture
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Apron Lights
Apron areas need to be properly lighted to help pilots guide aircraft under adverse weather conditions
UPS Boeing 747
PW JT9D-7REngine
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Apron Lights (Deicing Crane)
Deicing sections near runways or aprons have to be properly lighted to avoid ground collisions
245 ft
Adjustable DeicingCrane at UPS
Facility
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Airport Signs
Airport signs are very important to provide guidance on runways, taxiways and apron areas
36 inches