Airport Group Presentation - Draft 7
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Transcript of Airport Group Presentation - Draft 7
KARAWANG INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT PROJECT
Mercedes Dela Cruz
Napapet Pibulsonggram
Oo Kyaw Maung
Teck Chi Wong
Lazuardi FN
M. Aprimadya
Project Flight
Context and
Objectives
Governance and Power
Stakeholders
Strategies Integrity
Context & Objectives Where
Located in the middle of Asia-Pacific region, Indonesia has potential to become main hub for air transportation for the region and global.
It is inevitably that Jakarta and surrounding areas (Bogor, Depok, Tangerang and Bekasi) or Greater Jakarta needs a new airport, New Jakarta International Airport or Karawang International Airport (KIA) to serve increasing demand for air transportation and aiming on becoming global hub.Karawang is chosen because it is located only 60 km from Jakarta and connected with Greater Jakarta with existing highway and railway. There are plans to add new highway and railway to KIA in order to meet increasing demand upon airport completion
Context & Objectives Why here?
Increasing people using airplane as transportation mode causes Soekarno Hatta International Airport (SHIA) of Jakarta reached its capacity of 25 million passengers/year and the airport is now overcapacity by serving approximately 60 million passengers/year.
SHIA is among ten busiest airport in the world. With only two run ways, the airport serves 1200 flights/day with 72 flight/minute (there are more than 1 flight in/out from SHIA in less than a second)
Context & Objectives ‘Why needed?’
To boost its economic growth, Indonesia needs to increase its involvement on global production chain. Hence Indonesia needs to increase its connectivity to the rest of the world by having an airport that can serve as regional and global hub.
Objectives of KIA project is to become national and global hub offering wider connectivity for domestic and international route whereas at the same time release tension on SHIA and its surrounding areas due to overcapacity.
With eco-city concept, it is hoped that KIA will be a national project that creates sustainable jobs and remain environmental friendly on development stages and on operational period. The airport is projected to be the first ‘aerotropolis’ in Indonesia.Upon completion of three stages of development in 2030, KIA in its ultimate phase will accommodate 90 million passengers/year. With such enormous activities involved, KIA is hoped to stimulate economic activity within and in surrounding areas thus lead to overall country’s economic growth.
Context & Objectives Goals and
Objectives
Market
Civil Society
State
Forms of Power
Roles
Types of governanc
e
Legitimacy
Goods and
service
Governance and Power - Support from the state, market and civil society are important for the legitimacy and success of the Karawang International Airport. We are building not only an airport, but a city.
Governance & Power
Interlocking Arenas of Power
Types of governance dictate the form of co-operation between the state, market and civil market in building and operating the airport. However, the form of governance is not static and can be changed.
Governance & Power
Interventionist
governance• Air traffic
control• Customs• Immigration
Regulated self-
governance• Airport
construction and operation
• Public transports
Co-operative governance
• Aerotopolis development
• Business and tourism promotion
Private self-governance
• Duty free shops
• Restaurants• Entertainme
nt outlets
• In 2009, the Indonesian government enacted a new aviation law, which allowed greater private participation in airports.
• Under that law, foreigner may own and operate an airport as joint venture with a local partner through a local company with maximum 49% foreign ownerships.
• The involvement of the state or state-owned enterprises as shareholder is no longer required.
• Form of governance for airport operation changed from interventionist governance to regulated self-governance
The initial momentum of such big project like airport usually come from the government, but as the project moving phase to phase, it will involve more and more players and require different types of power for its success. The same also applied to legitimacy. The initial basis of legitimacy normally come from the rules of government, however when the project advances, much of it’s legitimacy would have to be based on the beliefs and consent of the stakeholders, including industries and civil society.
Contractual
powerAirport
construction
Mall management
Shops leasing
Consensual
powerRelocation
Environmental impact
Local community
development
Governance & Power
Coercive power
Land acquiring
Airport Security
Landing rights
Beliefs•Belief that the airport project would bring development to national and local economy•Belief that locals can benefit from the project
Consent•Consensus with local government and residents
•Consensus with aviation industry
•Consensus with business community at large
Rules• Law No. 1/2009
on Aviation• Blueprint of
national transportation
• Regional spatial plan
State State, Market and Civil Society
Form
of
Pow
er
Leg
itim
acy
Providing all the goods and services for everyone’s convenience..
Governance & Power
Public GoodsProvision of free access to
airport facilities for the passengers and employees
convenience.
Providing all the goods and services for everyone’s convenience..
Governance & Power
Toll and Private Goods
In partnership with the Private Sectors to provide safe and efficient airport
facilities for domestic and international travels.
Governance & Power
Provider
Producer
Facilitator
Regulator
Owner
Interconnectedness of Different
Roles
The roles of the state, markets and civil
societies are interconnected,
mutually supportive, as well as multi-
dimensional
State
Civil Societ
yMarke
t
• State (Airport Facilities)
• Market (Aircrafts)• Civil Societies (Information booths on Tourisms & Environment)
Owner
• State (Infrastructures)
• Market (Shops, Hotels)
• Civil Societies (Tours Services)
Producer
• State ( Free amenities, toilets)
• Markets ( Services, like massage)
• Civil Societies (Services in the Airport prayer rooms)
Provider
• State (Civil Aviation Authority)
• Markets (Mass Transport)
• Civil Societies (Environmental Issues)
Regulator
• State (Airport Security)
• Market (Airports Amenities)
• Civil Societies (Airport Museums & Libraries)
Facilitator
Governance & Power
Stakeholders: Interlocking Actors
State
Civil Socie
ty
Market
• Local Community• Labour Union• Transportation Associations• Environmentalists• NGOs• Media
• Innovation• Transfer
knowledge• Consultation• Preservation• Promotion
• Central Government(Ministry of Transportation, Public Work, Home Affairs, Agriculture, Forestry, Land Spatial)• West Java and Jakarta Province
Government• District Government (Karawang, Bandung)• Air Traffic Control Agency• Int’l Civil Aviation Organisation (UN)• JICA• Planning• Budgeting/ Funding• Regulation• Standardization• Coordinating• Implementing• Monitoring• Evaluating
• Contractors • Investors• International Aviation
Companies• Bus, Train, Highway
Companies• Hotel & Tourism Industries• Food & Retail Industries• ASEAN Markets• Banks
• Constructing• Investment• Services• Production• Marketing• Exports & Imports
Stakeholders
Who
What
Who What
Who
What
Stakeholders: Interlocking Actors Importance and Influence
Importance & Influence:• High => Direct• Some => Indirect
• Local community, environmentalist, media = Direct
• NGOs, Transportation Associations, Labour Unions = Indirect
Importance:• Central, Provincial, District Government =
Great Importance• JICA = Great importance• ATC & ICAO = Some Importance
Influence:• Government & JICA = Great InfluenceEconomic growth, funding, hub, connectivity, job creation, living standard, ease tense of transportation• ATC & ICAO = Some influenceStandarisation of civil aviation safety
Importance & Influence:• High => direct• Some / little => indirect
• Contractors, Investors, Banks = Direct• Hotel, Tourism, Food, Retail, ASEAN
market = Indirect
State
Civil Societ
y
Market
Stakeholders
Stakeholders
Human CapitalSafe access to
facilities for men and women
Economic Empowerment
Improving living standard for men
and women
Voice and RightsBalanced
representation of men and women in aviation industry
Gender-based policies and strategies
Gender Equality
Gender Equality Framework
Occupational categories (type of job)
Non-traditional female positions
Nature of employment (Full/Part-time)
Total (Headcount by gender)
Female workforce participation
Promotion/transfer/termination
Flexible workplace practices (paid maternity)
Workplace Profile
Our Gender
Equality Framewor
k
Embracing gender equality
Mainstreaming the gender dimension in the airport project is an opportunity to implement gender equality in our society and to provide women with greater control over socio-economic resources.
Our aspiration
• Support, educate, promote and communicate in ways to foster gender inclusive environment
• Recruit and open opportunity for gender equality into our business
• Strengthen our attractiveness as a diverse and gender equality workplace
• Develop workforce capacity
Stakeholders - Gender Equality
Stakeholders Civic Engagement Framework
Improving daily life
Partnership
Contributing to the development of the region
Enhancing and creating collective value
Community raising awareness
Responsibility to workforce and society
Reducing socio-economic impact
Promoting outreach and community consultation
Commitment to transparency
Green way, protect environment
AspirationsFocus groups and panels
discussion
Scenario workshops
Participatory budgeting
Regulated advisory structures
Town hall meeting
Regional and local governance
Modes
Our Gender
Equality Framewor
k
Embracing gender equality
Mainstreaming the gender dimension in the airport project is an opportunity to implement gender equality in our society and to provide women with greater control over socio-economic resources.
Our aspiration
• Support, educate, promote and communicate in ways to foster gender inclusive environment
• Recruit and open opportunity for gender equality into our business
• Strengthen our attractiveness as a diverse and gender equality workplace
• Develop workforce capacity
Stakeholders - Gender Equality
Our Gender Equality
Workplace Profile
• Occupational categories (type of job)
• Position category (non-traditional female positions)
• Nature of employment (Full-time/Part-time)
• Total (Headcount by gender)
• Percentage by gender (i.e. female workforce participation)
• Promotion/transfer/termination
• Flexible workplace practices (paid maternity)
(Add Hali’s information!)
Stakeholders - Gender Equality
Our Civic Engagement
(Multi-local and multi-cultural & earn confidence and build
long- term relationships)
Our aspiration
• Improving daily life
• Partnership
• Contributing to the development of the region
• Enhancing and creating collective value
• Community raising awareness (good citizenship in the area)
• Responsibility to workforce and society
• Reducing socio-economic impact
• Promoting outreach and community consultation
• Committing to transparency (including subcontractors)
• Green way (protect environment)
Stakeholders – Civic Engagement
Our Civic Engageme
nt
Our project is committed to making social investments in the Karawang area and its Province. Our goal is to be recognised as an important partner to the community by improving the quality of life for Karawang area and its Province’s residents through expanding opportunities for economic development.
We bring people together to foster effective collective action on issues concerning our project. We also support programs that help contribute to Karawang area and its Province’s social safety net and strengthen civic engagement.
Stakeholders – Civic Engagement
Mode of Civic
Engagement
• Focus groups and panels discussion – environmental and social impact
• Scenario workshops – phases of construction and impact scenarios preparedness toolkits
• Participatory budgeting – phases of construction budgeting
• Regulated advisory structures
• Town hall meeting – listen to civic concerns and suggestions
• Forms of regional and local governance –
Stakeholders – Civic Engagement
Our Civic Engageme
nt – Degree of
Integration
Collaboration – Conflation – Cooperation:
Education
Our project supports education as a key to unlock the potential of the youth and developing their capacity for societal relevance. This is one of the reasons why our project is committed to promoting quality education in partnership with government and other stakeholders.
- Community and provincial scholarship awards
- Library rooms
- Essay competition
Economic Empowerment
- Vocational training and capacity development
- Employment
Stakeholders – Civic Engagement
Strategies Project Phases
Conception
• Logframe matrix
• Force field analysis
• Risk assessment
Design
• International standard aviation system
• Indonesian Cultural Style
Construction
•Main Terminal•Runway•Car parks•Shopping Mall •Hotel
Evaluation
• State• Market• Civil
Society
Legislature
Judiciary
Executive
• Legislative cycle• Budgetary cycle• Electoral cycle• Political cycle• Administrative cycle• Administrative review cycle• Judicial review cycle
Large scale project likes airport require systematic implementation to reduce risks and avoid cost overrun. Therefore, it will usually follow strictly the sequence of conception, design and construction. However, it will also require long term and frequent evaluation and review as the project advances.
PROJECT DESCRIPTION INDICATORS MEANS OF INDICATOR
VERIFICATION
ASSUMPTIONS
Goals: • The development of a new modern airport
and an aero-polis surrounding the location
Indicators: 1. The number of
infrastructure and facilities built inside the airport
2. The number of infrastructure and facilities built outside the airport (aero-polis)
Means of verification:
1. Report - quarterly
2. Consultations – often
3. Monitoring & evaluation- monthly
Assumptions about the likelihood of achieving the goal(s)
(a) High demand for air transportation as Indonesia is one of the member of ASEAN countries, with the ASEAN + 3 and +6
(b) High demand of regional and int’l logistic(c) Enough funding for the project (d) Strong oppositions (negative assumption) but with
mitigation process(e) Local people want better jobs and incomes(f) Having mid-term evaluation to check and measure the
on-going process(g) Strong needs to develop areas surrounding the airport
Intended Outcomes
1. Improved connectivity 2. Economic development3. Creation of jobs
Measured outcomes:
1. Distance obstacles are diminished
2. Indonesia become major economy in the world
3. Improved standard of living for local communities
Means of verification:
1. Surveys – often2. Interviews –
often3. Statistics –
quarterly
Assumptions about the link between the intended outcomes and the goal(s)
a) when new airport built, new services improvedb) this project contributes economic growth from
increasing opportunity and productivityc) we have jobs for local and they have better opportunity
for them to get one
Strategies Logical Framework
PROJECT DESCRIPTION INDICATORS MEANS OF INDICATOR
VERIFICATION
ASSUMPTIONS
Intended Outputs
1. Increased number of passengers per year2. Reduced customs clearances 3. Increased GDP growth4. Increased employment for local
communities5. Increased income level in local areas
Measured outputs
1. The number of passengers / day2. The number of flight / hour3. The length of custom clearance4. The comparison of national economic growth prior and after the project5. The increase of employment level6. The increase of income level
Means of verification:
1. Surveys – often2. Interviews –
often3. Statistics -
quarterly
Assumptions about the link between the intended outputs and the intended outcomes
a) Having an international-standard airport attracts people to fly and products to be distributed
b) The internationally-recognized procedure of customs reduce bureaucratic process
c) This airport increase the national revenuesd) The development of airport absorbs many employees from
local people
Intended Year-by-year OutputsYear 1-2 Planning, budgeting, consulting, consensus buildingYear 3-5 ConstructingYear 6 Finalization and promotion(b) Outcomes Year 1-2 The project reach legitimacyYear 3-5 The project succeed to build all infrastructure and facilitiesYear 5 The airport is finalized and opened for public
Initiation, implementation, and finalization stages run and finished in appropriate time
Means of verification:
1. Report2. Consultations3. Monitoring &
evaluation
Assumptions about:
Stakeholders understand their roleLocal community will support the projectPolitical situation is stableNo problems in funding
Strategies Logical Framework
To be successfully develop the big project,
it is particularly important to understand the nature and types of forces, which will have
direct and indirect impacts on Project and
its each implementation stages of Project circle. Therefore managing to
reduce and avoid any kinds of risks on the
project is critical for the achievement of Project
Driving Forces
Project• Developme
nt• Manageme
nt • Implementati
on
Restraining Forces
• Economic Growth
• Connectivity &
Transportation
Improvement
• Resources
Availability
• Vested Interest
• Social Trends
• Social Attitude
• Social Norms
• Legal
Restraints
• Vested
Interests
Force-Fields Of the Project
Strategies
Identifying and Understanding the
types of Risks and its nature are critical to
avoid any failures, destruction, and
delay of the projects.Therefore risk
assessment is critical for project
achievement within a targeted time
frame
Risks & Impacts Assessment
Natural DisasterStormEarthquake Fire Flood
*Financial Fraud*Breach of Contracts
• Political Unrest• Economic
recession• Corruption• Mismanagemen
t
TerrorismDisturbance of Foreign Government
Severe Impact
Major Impact
Highest Certainty Rar
e
Strategies
Evaluation and Performance ManagementKarawang International Airport always exposed to changes since its planning stage. To ensure the Airport meets the intended objectives and goals in every stage requires sound monitoring and evaluation. Integrity and accountability is needed to ensure the continuity of the project.
Integrity
Planning
• Indicators• Budget
access and approval
• Legal basis• Design and
project approval
Construction
• Indicators• Airport
construction
• Infrastructure construction
• Job creation for people
Operation
• Indicators• Number of
Airlines• Number of
economic activities
• Number of passengers
Why the project
is importa
nt?
Does the project
run accordin
gly?Does the
project feasible
to build?
Should the
project continu
e?
Does the
project meet the
objectives?
Monitoring & Evaluation (M&E)
Our on-going project embraces many types of M&E. The project
has 3 phases: design, construction, and ready to
service. Each phase has to keep ESHIA in check. Each phase has
different outcomes, output, inputs, indicators, stakeholders.
We have to manage the changing dynamic of indicators. PPP and
the Experts from JICA are our M&E partners. The project has to
be efficient and effective.
Different phases need different methods of M & E
• Performance indicators
• Formal surveys
• Rapid appraisal methods
• Participatory methods
• Cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analyses
• Impact evaluations
Integrity
M&E – Example
Integrity
Integrity Perspective: Accountability, Control, Maturity
• Forms of Accountability and Control
• Project Maturity
Integrity
Future Projections
References
THANK YOU