Airo International Research Journal August, 2017 Volume ... · Assistant Professor in Civil...

Airo International Research Journal August, 2017 Volume XII, ISSN: 2320-3714


A review of current tendencies in intellectual transportation

systems

SAYED MOHSIN ALI SHAH

ZAHIR ABASS BHATTI Research Scholar, NIMS University, Shobhanagar, Jaipur

Guide: Bipin Kumar Singh (Assistant Professor in Civil Engineering Department in NIMS University, Shobhanagar, Jaipur Rajasthan

INDIA

Co-guide:- Vikas Kumar Pandey

Assistant Professor in Civil Engineering Department in NIMS University, Shobhanaga,r Jaipur, Rajasthan INDIA

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ABSTRACT: Managing the increasing traffic is a big problem everywhere throughout the

world. Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) gives answer for these problems the assistance of

new technologies. ITS is an integrated system that actualizes an expansive range of

communication, control, vehicle detecting and electronics technologies to explain and deal with

the traffic problems. ITS is being utilized as a part of the developed countries since past two

decades, yet it is as yet another idea when developing countries like India, Brazil, China, South

Africa and so forth are concerned. In the present study we have examined four noteworthy parts

of the ITS i.e., Advanced Traveler Information System (ATIS), Advanced Traffic Management

System (ATMS), Advanced Public Transportation System (APTS), and Emergency Management

System (EMS). Goal of the paper is to think about different ITS architecture and model and audit

such models to get inside and out of their design. Henceforth design and developed models

throughout the times of four major branches of ITS have been evaluated here to make a

correlation investigation of different models that have been developed by the specialists in their

examinations. It will prompt the holes in the information which can be additionally

contemplated. The paper highlights the conclusions extricated from the studies of diverse

frameworks and furthermore gives the future degree in the field of IT'S to make it more clients

well-disposed and accessible.


KEYWORDS: intellectual transportation systems, solution, problems, technologies,

communication, control, vehicle, electronics technologies, traffic problems, India.

INTRODUCTION: An important metric for monetary development of any nation is its

blossoming vehicle proprietorship. In any case, the roundabout impact of vehicle ownership is

intense traffic congestion. India has, in the previous decade, seen a cosmic increment in vehicle

ownership and related detours and traffic snarls in its metropolitan cities. The assortment of

vehicles in India – two, three and four-wheelers, notwithstanding a vast pedestrian population,

muddles the circumstance [Figure 1].

Figure 1: Complexity of Traffic in India

The principal reason for traffic congestion in India is that the road space and foundation have not

enhanced standard with the traffic [2]. The earnestness of the problem is reflected in the report of

World Bank that gauges the financial misfortunes brought about because of clog and poor roads

alone keep running as high as $6 billion a year in India [3]. The direct solution for this problem

by improvements in framework is compelled by space accessibility and different logistic

problems. There is, in this way, a pressing need to investigate and grow better traffic

management choices to ease traffic congestion.

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) is a tried course to moderate traffic congestion

problems. ITS can be comprehensively characterized as the utilization of innovation for

improving transportation systems. The significant target of ITS is to assess, create, investigate

and coordinate new technologies and ideas to accomplish traffic efficiency, enhance

environmental quality, spare vitality, preserve time, and enhance safety and comfort for drivers,

people on foot, and different traffic groups [4-6]. A diagram of ITS can be schematically spoken

to as indicated in Figure 2. Condition of-workmanship information procurement and assessment


innovation, communication networks, digital mapping, video observing, sensors and variable

message signs are making new patterns in traffic management all through the world. The

collaboration of information securing, examination, assessment, and data spread aides in building

up a comprehensive arrangement of traffic organization that empowers data sharing among the

directors and clients of traffic.

Figure 2: Broad Overview of ITS

Despite the fact that the starting point of formal ITS goes back to the 1970s, the primary ITS

reality congress in Paris, in 1994, catalyzed the advancement and use of IT'S to create and

enhance the current traffic control systems in numerous countries around the world [5]. ITS

exercises go for the advancement of a manageable, multimodal surface transportation system that

will set up an associated transportation environment among vehicles, the foundation, and

convenient gadgets. Such an agreeable setup use innovation with a specific end goal to expand

driver safety and versatility while improving environmental execution and centering on

deployment. IT'S enveloped all modes of transportation - air, sea, road and rail, and converges

different components of every mode - vehicles, infrastructure, correspondence and operational

systems. Different nations create systems and techniques, in light of their geographic, cultural,

socioeconomic and ecological foundation, to coordinate the different parts into an interrelated

system.


REVIEW OF LITERATURE: The beginning of the formal ITS program dates back to the

nineteen sixties with the development of the Electronic Route Guidance System, or ERGS in the

United States, to give drivers course direction data in view of real-time traffic analysis. The

framework utilized exceptional equipment situated at different crossing points over the road

network, on-board 2-waydevicesin vehicles that would shape the center point of communication

between the driver and the ERGS system, and a focal computer system that prepared the data got

from the remote frameworks [6]. Amid the mid-seventies, the ERGS program prompted a more

refined, computerized framework including intelligent visual digital maps called the Automatic

Route Control System or ARCS. The Urban Traffic Control System was created associatively,

interfacing different traffic signals and computer-generated foreordained flag timings for better

traffic organization. ITS is a coordinated framework that executes a wide scope of

communication, control, vehicle sensing and electronics technologies to help in observing and

overseeing traffic flow, diminishing blockage, giving optimum routes to travelers, enhancing

efficiency of the framework, and sparing lives, time and money [7]. A Technical Note of the

World Bank named "ITS for Developing Countries" addresses the state of ITS in developing

countries, and talks about the long haul, broad advantages that ITS can give and ways that ITS

can give more immediate benefits to people by making surface transportation more reasonable,

more solid, and more proficient [8]. It expresses that ITS turns out to be helpful in the following

manner:

• Improved mobility for people and freight, including greater access to transportation for the

elderly, the disabled, and people living in remote locations

• Greater compatibility of surface transportation with the environment

• Fewer traffic-related deaths and injuries

• A better-managed transportation system.

• Less travel uncertainty, allowing for better planned, quicker, and less expensive travel

• So from the above points we can see that ITS covers and improves almost all the aspects of

Transportation engineering.


There are many subsidiaries of the Intelligent Transportation System out of which most

important and widely used all over the world to solve the traffic and transportation problem are

as follows:

• Advanced Vehicle Control Systems (AVCS)

• Commercial Vehicle Operations (CVO)

• Advanced Public Transportation Systems (APTS)

• Advanced Rural Transportation Systems (ARTS)

With the help of ATMS the congested traffic situations at the roads can be overseen, APTMS

can enhance the present circumstance of public transport by rescheduling and legitimate

administration of accessible armadas to urge the workers to utilize public transport more when

contrasted with private cars and bikes [9]. ATIS can give the client’s pre trip and enrooted data

with the goal that they can design their trip properly; it will help in decreasing the time spent by

the riders on the roads and furthermore help them to stay away from traffic jams on the roads. So

along these lines A legitimately composed IT'S can help in solving traffic problems. The present

paper goes for featuring the in addition to and short of various IT’S developed everywhere

throughout the world by contrasting their engineering and furthermore features the crevices in

the writing.

Advanced Vehicle Control Systems (AVCS): are tools and concepts that enhance the driver’s

control of the vehicle to make travel safer and more efficient [10]. For example, in vehicle

collision warning systems alert the driver to a possible imminent collision. In more advanced

AVCS applications, the vehicle could automatically break or steer away from a collision, based

on input from sensors on the vehicle.

Both systems are autonomous to the vehicle and can provide substantial benefits by improving

safety and reducing accident induced congestion. The installation of high tech gadgets and

processors in vehicles allow incorporation of software applications and artificial intelligence

systems that control internal operations, ubiquitous computing, and other programs designed to

be integrated into a greater transportation system.


Figure 3: AVCS

Commercial Vehicle Operations (CVO): comprises an ensemble of satellite navigation system,

a small computer and a digital radio, which can be used in commercial vehicles such as trucks,

vans, and taxis. This system affords constant monitoring of truck operations by the central office

and provides traceability and safety.

Figure 4: CVO

Advanced Public Transportation Systems (APTS): applies state-of-art transportation

management and information technologies to public transit systems to enhance efficiency of

operation and improve safety. It includes real-time passenger information systems, automatic

vehicle location systems, bus arrival notification systems, and systems providing priority of

passage to buses at signalized intersections (transit signal priority).


Figure 5: Digital announcement of transit arrival

Advanced Rural Transportation Systems (ARTS): provide information about remote road and

other transportation systems. Examples include automated road and weather conditions reporting

and directional information. This type of information is valuable to motorists travelling to remote

or rural areas. This has been widely implemented in the United States and will be a valuable

asset to countries like India, where rural areas are widely distributed.

Figure 6: ARTS implemented

Trial of advanced Traffic Management System: The ITS program in India is aimed at

ensuring safe, affordable, quick, comfortable, reliable and sustainable access for the growing

urban and rural population to jobs, education, recreation and such other needs. A few ITS

applications have been introduced in India in metropolitan cities like New Delhi, Pune,

Bangalore, Chennai etc. focusing on stand-alone deployments of area-wide signal control,

parking information, advanced public transportation, toll collection etc. However, all of these are

small scale pilot studies limited to major cities and are in the beginning stage of deployment.

Thus, at present, there are no exhaustive fully developed ITS applications with traffic

management centers in India [11]. This involved a trial run of the fully automated Traffic

Regulatory Management System (TRMS), involving usage of surveillance cameras in the city of

Chennai. This project involved installing sophisticated cameras, wireless towers and poles, under

the Rs. 3-crore-State government-funded project. Automatic Number Plate Reader (ANPR)

cameras were installed in 28 out of 42 vantage points in the city, while „Pan Tilt Zoom‟ (PTZ)


cameras were deployed in 10 out of 12 busy junctions identified. The traffic police also plan to

install 40 CCTV cameras at various junctions. This is to warn motorists who blatantly violate

rules and monitor traffic on arterial roads during peak hours.

Figure- 7- Traffic Management System

Bus Rapid Transport (BRT): Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) systems are viable alternatives to

traditional light rail public transport. Instead of a train or metro rail, BRT systems use buses to

ply a dedicated lane that runs lengthwise along the centre of the road. At specific locations,

passengers can embark or disembark at conveniently located stations, which often feature ticket

booths, turnstiles, and automatic doors. Studies have shown that a BRT is not only cheaper to

build, but is also profitable for bus owners to operate and relatively inexpensive for commuters

to use. The cities selected for implementing BRT include Ahmedabad, Pune, Rajkot, Bhopal,

Indore, Visakhapatnam, Vijayawada and Jaipur.

Figure 8- Some implementations of ITS in India


Issues and challenges of ITS in India: The rapidly advancing economy of India, in standard

with whatever remains of the world has brought about a sensational increment being used of

personal automobiles on Indian urban roads. The combined development of the Passenger

Vehicles fragment in India amid April 2007 – March 2008 was 12.17 percent. In 2007-08 alone;

9.6 million mechanized vehicles were sold in India. It is normal that India will outperform China

as the quickest developing car market inside the following few years. Economy-initiated car use

is confused further by the consistent deluge of rural population into urban areas, subsequently

making colossal requests on the transportation infrastructure in an over-burden locale. In 2001,

India had 35 cities with a population of more than one million people. The heterogeneity of

economy and as far as possible on how much additional infrastructure a city can hold muddle

transport management further. A portion of the fundamental issues confronting the sending of

ITS in developing countries like India, announced by a World Bank study are: an immature road

network, serious spending limitations, hazardous urbanization and growth, absence of assets for

upkeep and operation, less interest for robotization, absence of enthusiasm among government

chiefs, and absence of client mindfulness. While various little scale ITS activities have been

presented in different urban areas in India - including New Delhi, Pune, Bangalore, Indore and

Chennai - these frameworks have concentrated on separated arrangements, for example, of

parking information, territory wide signal control, propelled toll collection, web based travellers

data and so on. The greater part of these are little scale single-city based pilot examines. At

show, there are very few complete, completely created ITS applications with traffic management

focuses in India. In this way, it can be seen that the infiltration of ITS in Indian road scenario is

generally less and significantly more is should have been finished. To make this a reality, there is

a requirement for more methodical way to deal with the ITS implementation. Aside from the

applications that are now being developed implemented, there are more ITS ideas that will be

valuable in the Indian situation, for example, emergency management, congestion management,

progressed traffic management systems, propelled traveler information systems, commercial

vehicle operations, advanced vehicle control systems, and so on. Full use of ITS can be

accomplished just by usage at a network level as opposed to in little passageways. By and large,

the current applications demonstrates an underlying guarantee and potential for the deployment

of ITS in India and give an underlying exact premise and information on ITS deployment


highlighting the information, methodological, down to earth and research challenges for Indian

conditions.

Some of specific actions required to meet the challenges to ITS in India include:

Evolving a national ITS standard for different ITS applications and their components

Setting up a national ITS clearinghouse that documents all ITS projects with details on the

design, implementation, lessons learned/best practices, and cost-benefit details

Setting up fully functional Traffic Management Centres for coordinating the urban and

regional ITS activities,

Developing and implementing automated traffic data collection methodologies,

Developing a national ITS data archive,

Developing models and algorithms suitable for ITS implementations

Fostering more interaction between academia, industries and governmental agencies to

generate more interest and in turn projects in the ITS area.

CONCLUSION: In developing countries still much work is required in this field to tackle the

emerging traffic related problems. The majority of the ITS frameworks have been created on the

GIS. Both the stages have their own advantages. Some developed systems utilized joining of the

two GIS and in addition stages which makes it conceivable to utilize the advantages of both the

platforms. Most of the developed systems are situated in the urban areas. There is an incredible

breadth of work to be done in rural areas. The GPS is exceptionally helpful in all the ITS

systems. GPS information is half more productive in wording of manpower. It was found in the

writing that with the utilization of ATMS technology the travel time was lessened around 1.9% -

29.0% and normal stop speed decreased around 14.8% - 55.9%. With the utilization of EMS the

reacting speed connected to system is expanded around half and the total time expected to deal

with the crisis occasion was diminished around 40% than the other traditional method. In the

development of ITS, mix of the different modes of transportation is extremely essential Hence,

the work ought to be done in this field. In ITS genuine time information is an extremely

important factor. GPS is one technology which can help toward this path so the work should

have been done towards making GPS more precise and sparing. In all the developing countries

blended traffic conditions wins, so in the advancement of the ITS mixed traffic conditions ought


to likewise be considered with a specific end goal to make it material in developing countries

too. In execution of the ITS especially in developing countries its establishment and working

expense are extremely big factors. Subsequently, the work ought to be done toward the path to

make the ITS more sparing. New emerging technologies like Zigbee and RFID can be useful

toward this path. The span of ITS till now is constrained to couple of people so the work ought to

be done keeping in mind the end goal to make it more available and easy to understand. The

utilization of mobile phones can be truly useful toward this path as mobile phones are most

regularly utilized electronic gadget all finished the world.

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