Aircraft management guidelines.pdf

8/14/2019 Aircraft management guidelines.pdf

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Aircraft management guidelines

Report No. 390

July 2008, updated August 2013

I n t e r n a t i o n a l A s s o c i a t i o n o f O i l & G a s P r o d u c e r s


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ublications

Global experience

Te International Association o Oil & Gas Producers has access to a wealth o technicalknowledge and experience with its members operating around the world in many differentterrains. We collate and distil this valuable knowledge or the industry to use as guidelinesor good practice by individual members.

Consistent high quality database and guidelines

Our overall aim is to ensure a consistent approach to training, management and bestpractice throughout the world.

Te oil and gas exploration and production industry recognises the need to developconsistent databases and records in certain fields. Te OGPs members are encouragedto use the guidelines as a starting point or their operations or to supplement their ownpolicies and regulations which may apply locally.

Internationally recognised source of industry information

Many o our guidelines have been recognised and used by international authorities andsaety and environmental bodies. Requests come rom governments and non-governmentorganisations around the world as well as rom non-member companies.

Disclaimer

hilst every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy o the inormation contained in this publication,neither the GP nor any o its members past present or uture warrants its accuracy or will, regardlesso its or their negligence, assume liability or any oreseeable or unoreseeable use made thereo, whichliability is hereby excluded. onsequently, such use is at the recipients own risk on the basis that any useby the recipient constitutes agreement to the terms o this disclaimer. Te recipient is obliged to inorm

any subsequent recipient o such terms .

Copyright notice

Te contents o these pages are Te nternational ssociation o il and as roducers.

ermission is given to reproduce this report in whole or in part provided (i) that the copyright o GPand (ii) the source are acknowledged. ll other rights are reserved. ny other use requires the priorwritten permission o the GP.

Tese erms and onditions shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws o nglandand ales. isputes arising here om shall be exclusively subject to the jurisdiction o the courts ongland and ales.


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Aircraf management guidelines

Report No:

July , updated August


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The Aircraft management guidelineswere developed by the Aviation Subcommittee.

Te ollowing table gives inormation concerning this edition o the ircra management guidelines:

Issue Comments Date

5 Addition appendix 13, Appendix 14 published as report number390-A14, updates to sections 4.2.5, 8.1.8, 12.4 and 12.5.3

August 2013

4 Replacement of section 3, addition of section 4.6, withdrawl ofAppendix 2

August 2011

3 Updates to sections 4.3, 4.3, 4.5, 5.3, 5.6, 6.7, 8.1, 9.9, 11.9 &Appendices 1, 3, 4, 5A, 5B & 11.

November 2010

2 Updates to Sections 4.3, 4.4, 8.1, 8.2 & Appendix 5 July 2008

1 New issue (minus Appendix 8) April 2007


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able o Contents

Introduction

. Purpose ................................................................ ....................................................................... .................................. Document structure ................................................................ ....................................................................... ........... OGP guidelines ............................................................ ....................................................................... ....................... Setting an aviation policy .................................................................... ....................................................................

Aviation operation review requirements

. Contracted air operators ..................................................................... .................................................................... . One-time acceptances .............................................................. ....................................................................... .......... Principles o review .................................................................. ......................................................................... .......

Safety & quality management

. Regulatory requirements .................................................................... .................................................................... . OGP requirements ................................................................... ......................................................................... ...... . Saety management system elements ............................................................ .......................................................

. Hazard/risk management process ........................................................................................................................... Incident & accident reporting requirements ....................................................................... ............................. . uality assurance ...................................................................... ....................................................................... ...... . Environmental management................................................................ ................................................................

Aircraft operations general

. Contractual................................................................................................................................................................ Operating categories & usage ............................................................. ................................................................. . Pilots ..................................................................... ........................................................................ ............................... Maintenance personnel ....................................................................... ................................................................... . Maintenance requirements ................................................................ .................................................................... . Drugs & alcohol policy ........................................................................ ..................................................................

Helicopter operations

. Helicopter standards................................................................. ....................................................................... ....... . Helicopter perormance classes ..................................................................... ........................................................ Fuel planning ................................................................. ........................................................................ .................... Use o offshore alternatives......................................................................................... ............................................. Composition o flight crew ................................................................. .................................................................. . Flight & duty time ................................................................... ....................................................................... ......... Offshore helicopter lie-jackets & aircraf homing devices ...................................................................... ...... . Rotors Running Reuelling (RRRF)/helicopter rapid reuelling ................................................................. . Crane-helicopter operational procedures ................................................................ ...........................................

. Radio silence - perorating operations ..................................................................... ........................................... . Specialist roles ................................................................ ....................................................................... ...................

Fixed-wing operations public transport & aerial work

. Fixed-wing aircraf standards ............................................................. .................................................................... Airfields - minimum requirements ................................................................ ...................................................... Fuel planning .................................................................. ........................................................................ .................. Composition o flight crew ................................................................. ................................................................... Flying hour limits - recommended maximum .................................................................... ............................... Aircrew lie-jackets & aircraf homing devices ................................................................... ............................... Sideways acing seats ................................................................. ........................................................................ ....... Specialist roles ................................................................. ....................................................................... .................

Fuel system design & management

. Design, operation & inspection reerences ............................................................. .......................................... . Design & periodic review .................................................................... .................................................................


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. Variances.................................................................................................................................................................... Fuel quality control ................................................................... ....................................................................... ...... . Rapid reuelling (reuelling with engines running) ....................................................................... .................... Portable offshore uel transport tanks ............................................................ ....................................................

Training & experience

. Flight crew training ................................................................. ........................................................................ ......... Support & technical personnel requirements .................................................................... .............................. . raining records & programmes .................................................................... .....................................................

Passengers & freight

. General........................................................................................................................................................................ Cargo ................................................................... ....................................................................... ................................. Maniests ............................................................. ....................................................................... .............................. . Passenger weights.............................................................................................. ......................................................

. Passenger briefings.................................................................................................................................................... Video briefing ............................................................... ......................................................................... .................. . Multi-language operations .................................................................. .................................................................. . Passenger marshalling areas ................................................................ ................................................................. . Passenger training.................................. ........................................................................ ......................................... . Passenger dress requirements .............................................................. ................................................................. . Passenger & cargo management on helidecks ...................................................................... .............................. Passenger seating .............................................................. ....................................................................... .................. Survival equipment ..................................................................... ......................................................................... ...

Aircraft equipment standards

. Introduction & equipment fit tables ............................................................ ....................................................... . Minimum aircraf equipment - general ................................................................... ........................................... . Helicopter equipment.......................................................................... ................................................................... . Fixed-wing equipment ............................................................ ....................................................................... ........

Airbases

. Definition ............................................................ ........................................................................ .............................. . Airbase design reerence ...................................................................... ................................................................... . Airbase design reviews .............................................................. ....................................................................... ....... . Variances...................................... ....................................................................... ....................................................... . Weather monitoring systems .............................................................. .................................................................. . Airbase rescue equipment ................................................................... ...................................................................

. Airbase fire protection & equipment ............................................................ ...................................................... . Non-directional beacons (NDB) .................................................................. ....................................................... . Helicopters & helidecks ....................................................................... .................................................................. . Airports & airstrips............................................ ....................................................................... ..............................

Emergency response planning

. Introduction ................................................................. ....................................................................... ...................... Aircraf in the emergency response role.......................................................................................... ..................... Scenario-based drills ............................................................... ......................................................................... ........ Helicopters used or medical evacuations ............................................................... .......................................... . Search & Rescue (SAR) services & equipment .................................................................. .............................. . Survival equipment .................................................................... ....................................................................... ......

. Emergency flights ............................................................ ....................................................................... .................. Overdue aircraf ............................................................... ......................................................................... ................ Accident, incident, hazard & near miss reporting ................................................................. ..........................


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Appendices

A Risk assessment & risk reduction opportunity ranking

A [WITHDRAWN]

A Duties & responsibilities of the Air Operations Supervisor

A Training courses - air operations supervisor

A. Introduction .................................................................. ....................................................................... ................... A. Advisory amiliarisation & training...................................................................................................................A. Flight saety & aircraf accident investigation courses .................................................................. ................. A. UK airworthiness course ..................................................................... .................................................................A. Saety management system .................................................................. .................................................................A. Crew resource management ............................................................... ..................................................................A. Familiarisation/reresher/conversion flying training .................................................................... ..................A. Role experience ............................................................. ...................................................................... ....................A. Basic fire course ............................................................. ........................................................................ ..................A. Helicopter fire course .............................................................. ....................................................................... .......A. HLO training course ................................................................ ...................................................................... .......A. Fuel quality course ................................................................... ......................................................................... ..... A. Seismic course..........................................................................................................................................................A. uality assurance course .................................................................... .................................................................. A. Weather observer course ..................................................................... .................................................................. A. Dangerous goods course.................................................................................. ......................................................

A Training courses - air operations supervisor

AA Experience & ualification Levels ........................................................................................... .....................................AB INITIO & low experience pilot training & progression or multi-crew offshore helicopter pilots ...............AC Pilot Aircraf Conversion Syllabus and Minimum Hours ....................................................................................... .AD Engineering, load master, helideck personnel, aerial observer and dispatcher qualifications & experience .

A Aviation weather guidelines

A. General......................................................................................................................................................................A. Operating environment & weather ............................................................... ..................................................... A. Flight rules & weather .............................................................. ...................................................................... ....... A. Offshore helicopter weather limits & reporting ................................................................ .............................. A. Offshore helicopter adverse weather operational limitations ................................................................. ......

A Recommended aircraft equipment fit

A Heliportable land seismic operations (issued as OGP Report N )

A Winching (hoisting) operations

A. Personnel transer by winch ................................................................. .............................................................. A. Helicopter perormance ....................................................................... ............................................................... A. Operational procedures ............................................................ ......................................................................... .. A. Personnel (pilots & winch operator) guidelines ................................................................. ............................ A. Required equipment standards........................................................... ................................................................

A Airborne geophysical survey

A. Risk analysis .................................................................... ....................................................................... ..................

A. Aircraf equipment standards ............................................................. ................................................................. A. Personal equipment standards ............................................................. ................................................................ A. Minimum crew ................................................................ ....................................................................... ................ A. General pilot experience ............................................................. .........................................................................


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A. Pilot flight & duty times ..................................................................... ................................................................. A. Minimum survey height ...................................................................... ................................................................ A. Minimum survey speed ............................................................. ......................................................................... .. A. SAR coverage ................................................................. ....................................................................... .................. A. Minimum uel reserves ................................................................................... ..................................................... A. Fuel quality & procedures ................................................................... ................................................................ A. Helicopter procedures ............................................................. ....................................................................... .......

A Aerial pipeline inspection

A. General......................................................................................................................................................................A. General guidelines ...................................................................... ....................................................................... .....A. Single-engine aircraf ................................................................ ....................................................................... ......A. Aircraf configuration ............................................................... ....................................................................... .... A. Aircraf maintenance or long-term operations ................................................................... ...........................

A. General pilot and/or observer requirements............................................................ ........................................ A. Pipeline patrol specific pilot role experience ............................................................. ....................................... A. Pilot flight & duty time ............................................................ ....................................................................... .....A. Collision avoidance .................................................................... ....................................................................... ....A. Passengers crew members ................................................................... .............................................................. A. Exemptions/Low Altitude Waivers ................................................................ ................................................... A. Inadvertent entry into Instrument Meteorological Conditions .............................................................. ... A. Flight ollowing ............................................................... ....................................................................... ............... A. Flights over urban areas........................................................................................................................................A. Landings and low altitude inspections en-route (helicopters only) ............................................................

A Helicopters as a secondary Search & Rescue task

A. Introduction ................................................................. ....................................................................... ................... A. Management .................................................................. ....................................................................... .................. A. Operating standards ................................................................ ...................................................................... ....... A. Aircraf & equipment fit .................................................................... .................................................................. A. SAR equipment ............................................................. ....................................................................... ..................A. Aircrew ................................................................ ....................................................................... .............................A. SAR crew ............................................................. ....................................................................... .............................

A Cold weather aircraft operations

A. Introduction ................................................................. ....................................................................... ....................A. Aircraf certification standards & equipment fit ............................................................... ..............................A. Flight operations - general .................................................................. .................................................................

A. Helicopter-specific operations ...................................................................... ...................................................... A. Airplane-specific operations................................................................................................................................A. Maintenance procedures ................................................................... .................................................................... A. De-ice/anti-ice .............................................................. ...................................................................... .................... A. Survival equipment ................................................................. ......................................................................... .....A. Facilities .............................................................. ....................................................................... .............................. A. Personnel .................................................................................................................................................................A. Reerences................................................................................................................................................................A. Annexes ...................................................................................................................................................................

A Night operations Published as Report -A


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Section Contents

Introduction

. Purpose ................................................................ ....................................................................... .................................

. Document structure ................................................................ ....................................................................... ........... OGP guidelines ............................................................ ....................................................................... ....................... Setting an aviation policy .................................................................... ....................................................................


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Introduction

. Purpose

Te purpose o these guidelines is to provide a ready reerence or the management o aviation. It

deals with operations rom the conceptual phase onwards. In doing so it addresses the actors to betaken into account when contemplating aircraf operations, the tendering and contractual process,the setting up o support acilities and the expectations required o our contractors.

Most governments have some orm o National (Civil) Aviation Authority, the unction o whichis to lay down standards and requirements or both the aircraf and the manner in which they areoperated. However, Aviation Authorities vary in their effectiveness as well as their requirementsand standards, although a good aircraf operator may apply guidelines that are more exacting thanlegislated requirements. Indeed, even the best Aviation Authority can only lay down minimumrequirements; the ultimate responsibility or saety in the air lies with the aircraf operator.

Tese guidelines and the readily available support rom Aviation Advisers should assist thoseresponsible or managing aviation, particularly i they are not aviation specialists, to plan, develop

and control, saely and efficiently, air transport operations that are best suited to their needs.

. Document structure

Tese guidelines are divided into two parts:

Part 1 contains the current guidelines or aircraf operations.

Part 2 contains additional guidance and explanatory material describing how the definedguidelines and policies can best be applied.

Part 2 o the document is still under development.

It is emphasised that nothing in this document is intended to contravene national or internationalregulations.

. OGP guidelines

OGP has developed the set o saety guidelines contained in this manual based on a number ocore guidelines and recognised industry best practices. Te guidelines are largely based on existinginternational legislation and saety codes but, where appropriate are urther developed as describedin this manual. Te regulatory basis or these guidelines is summarised in Part 2.

Where these guidelines cannot be achieved ully or practical reasons, an aviation adviser should,wherever practicable, seek mitigating measures with a view to achieving an equivalent level o saety.

For specific operations, these guidelines may need to be augmented with specified additionalguidelines to reflect the local circumstances and operating conditions.

. Setting an aviation policy

Companies should consider the establishment o an aviation policy to provide guidelines or thesae, economic and efficient use o aircraf in support o company operations. Such a policy wouldapply equally to company and contractors personnel.

As an example, the aviation policy could require that:

Preerence is given to the use o those international airlines and regional carriers with low

accident rates. Where any doubt exists, advice should be sought rom an aviation adviser. Exposure to high-risk operations should be minimised.

For all aviation activities, other than scheduled airline travel, only aircraf operators and aircraftypes approved or use by an aviation adviser should be used.


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Contracted aircraf are to be operated only by aircrew, and maintained by engineers, meetingspecified minimum qualifications, and experience and currency requirements.

Aircraf operators are to meet company insurance requirements.

Specific operational restrictions may be applied, taking account o the contractor and localenvironment; amongst these will be the requirement to operate to public transport standardsand to meet published aircraf perormance criteria.

Te decision to use aircraf should be weighed against the alternatives o using other orms otravel, taking ull account o operational, economic and, above all, saety implications.


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Section Contents


. Contracted air operations .................................................................... ...................................................................

. One-time acceptances .............................................................. ....................................................................... .......... Principles o review .................................................................. ......................................................................... .......


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. Contracted air operators

Any aircraf operator invited to tender should be reviewed and accepted in accordance with the

relevant procedures o the OGP member company. Subsequently, all such operators should bereviewed on a regular basis, at a requency determined by risk, exposure, usage and perormance othe air operation on the previous review, and should not be used without a current acceptance.

All ongoing/long-term operations (those exceeding one year in length) should be subject toinitial and thereafer annuals reviews.

Start-up operations or those with a high level o activity may require more requent oversight.

. One-time acceptances

Operators used or ad-hoc charter flights are also subject to an on-site review. Should this not bepractical, an exceptional one-time acceptance based solely on documentation provided by the

operator may be given subject to certain criteria being met and accepted by the OGP membercompany. It must be recognised that such a one-time acceptance provides less assurance about thesaety o the operation and the contractors suitability or the proposed task. Aircraf operatorsreceiving a one-time acceptance should not be used subsequently until they are subjected to a ullreview as explained above.

. Principles of review

Te purpose o an OGP Member Company review o an aircraf operator is to determine thesuitability as an aircraf operator in terms o saety and capability and, where appropriate, tomake recommendations or improvements. Te OGP member company interaces such as owned/

maintained assets (airfields, passenger services, flight ollowing, helidecks, reuelling equipment,scheduling arrangements, etc.), should also be reviewed.

Reviews must be carried out in accordance with defined terms o reerence. Te standards appliedwill be those established by the OGP member company, except where the requirements o theNational Aviation Regulations o the air operator concerned are more restrictive or otherwiseexceed the standards specified by the OGP member company. A review report will be delivered tothe customer, typically by the end user within the OGP member company, within an agreed periodafer the review debrie.


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Section Contents

Safety & quality management

. Regulatory requirements .................................................................... ....................................................................

. OGP requiremnts ...................................................................... ....................................................................... ....... . Saety management system elements ............................................................. ...................................................... . Hazard/risk management process ................................................................. ....................................................... . Incident & accident reporting requirements ............................................................ ........................................ . uality assurance ...................................................................... ....................................................................... ...... . Environmental managament .............................................................. .................................................................


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Saety management

. Regulatory requirements

Saety Management Systems (SMS) are increasingly being expressed as a regulatory requirement.

Te International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is driving the shif in regulatory position:From 01 January 2009 each applicant or the grant o an air operators certificate shall establish asaety management system appropriate to the size and complexity o the operation, or the proactivemanagement o saety, that integrates the management o operations and technical systems withfinancial and human resource management, and that reflects quality assurance principles.

Te ollowing regulatory guidance applies:

ICAO Saety Management Manual (Doc 9859-AN/474) Second Edition 2009;

ICAO Annex 6, (Operation o Aircraf) requires that States, as part o their State Saetyprogramme, shall require an operator to implement a saety management system;

ICAO Annex 11, (Air raffic Services) requires member States to have certificated international

airports establish a SMS; ICAO Annex 14, Volume I (Aerodrome Design and Operations) requires member States to

have certificated international airports establish a SMS;

EASA/JAA Ops.001 Group are in process o determining how SMS can be implemented,and thereore embedded within the regulations;

FAA Advisory Circular, AC 120-92A, Saety Management Systems or Aviation ServiceProviders;

FAA Advisory Circular, AC 150/5200-37, Introduction to Saety Management Systems(SMS) or Airport Operators;

FAA Advisory Circular, AC 120-59A, Air Carrier Internal Evaluation Programs;

ransport Canada Civi l Aviation Directive 31 (Saety Management Systems);

CASA Saety Management Systems Inormation Pack; UK CAA, Civil Aviation Publication CAP 726 (Guidance or Developing and Auditing a

Formal Saety Management System)

. OGP requirements

OGP Members and their contracted aircraf operators shall comply with applicable nationalsaety management system regulations, as these relate to air operator and associated air operationsinrastructure.

However, as a minimum or where national regulations have not yet been mandated or saety

management systems, OGP Members should require o owned or contracted aircraf operators, theSMS requirements detailed in table 1 below.


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Table 1 SMS Requirements for Owned and Contracted Aircraft Operators

Services Exposure SMS Requirement

Helicopter: Personnel and cargo transportonshore and offshore;

External load carriageincluding Heli-Assist Seismicand Helirig operations;

Pipeline survey and otherinspection and surveyoperations onshore andoffshore;

Geophysical survey; Helicopter External Transport

Service (HETS) Class Dhelicopter evacuation;

Medical evacuation (Medevac).Fixed-wing:

Personnel and cargo transport; Pipeline survey and other

inspection and surveyoperations;

Geophysical survey; Medical evacuation (Medevac)

Standard ContractTotal flight exposure to anoperator for single or combinedBusiness Units of 100 hrs ormore per year for all RW andfor FW survey ops and 200hrsor more per year for FWpassenger ops.

An SMS that as a minimum contains the functional elements detailed insection 3.3 and a Hazard/Risk M anagement process i.a.w. paragraph 3.4covering the contracted and related aviation activities, implementedeffectively within 6 months of contract award or as specified.Additionally:Airborne Geophysical Surveycomplete and document a project specificIAGSA Risk Assessment for review by the OGP Member prior to commencingoperations.Seismic, Helirig, or HETS, complete and document a project specific OGPRisk Assessment for review by the OGP Member prior to commencingoperations.Pipeline Surveycomplete and document a project specific hazardassessment that includes location, route and type/activity specific content forreview by the OGP Member prior to commencing operations.For Business Executive Jet Charter Operationsa SMS/HazardAssessment meeting IS-BAO requirements is acceptable.

Call Off contractTotal flight exposure to anoperator for single or combinedBusiness Units.Less than 100hrs per year forRW and FW survey ops and lessthan 200hrs per year for FWpassenger ops.

A corporate SMS, including a Hazard/Risk Management process i.a.w.paragraph 3.4 shall be preferred when selecting an operator, but recognisingthe possible short term use of the operator and low exposure, a commitmentto develop an SMS, with sustained progress, measured through the auditprocess, is acceptable.Airborne Geophysical Survey, Pipeline Survey, Seismic, Helirig, orHETSrequirements as stated above.

One Time Charter Corporate SMS, with Hazard/Risk management process i.a.w. paragraph 3.4preferred, but not required. A robust flight safety program will be assessedalongside the other requirements for One Time charter.

. Safety management system elementsTe range o SMS guidance documentation detailed at 3.1 describes an SMS in a number o different

ways and lists many elements or an effective SMS.

Tose different requirements have been reviewed and or the purpose o this document, condensedinto 10 elements. Individual OGP Members may describe the elements in different terms in theirown company documentation, but those should include the content detailed below.

Subject to the requirements defined at able 1 (SMS requirements or Owned and Contractedaircraf operators), OGP Members should require the ollowing SMS elements and relationships tobe effectively implemented within their own and contracted aircraf operators.

It is recognised that the size and complexity o the aircraf operator will be reflected in the structure

and complexity o the elements o the SMS.Required SMS Elements & Relationships

1) eadership ommitment Active SMS involvement and support rom an inormed companyleadership.

2) olicy, accountabilities & PIs A defined HSE policy, based on a Just culture, definedresponsibilities or saety management and Key Perormance Indicators (KPIs).

3) ocumented rocedures- Documented, detailed procedures covering all SMS activities andprocesses and more broadly documented procedures or saety critical tasks related to aircrafoperations, including flight operations, aircraf maintenance and ground operations.

4) ersonnel & ompetence Appointment o key saety personnel, with defined competence

requirements. Sufficient resources to manage and operate an effective SMS.5) aety ommunications A range and hierarchy o saety communication processes to enable

an effective, two way flow o saety inormation throughout the company.


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6) aety Reporting & nvestigation Saety reporting procedures covering regulatory requiredreports and lower level incidents and occurrences and an investigation process to generate andollow to closure, internal recommendations.

7) anagement o hange A defined procedure to manage the risks associated withsignificant change related to aircraf operations, including key personnel.

8) azard/isk anagement See section 3.4 or more detail.

9) uality ssurance (A) An internal process ocused on providing confidence thatthe risk controls specified through regulation, company operating procedures and the riskmanagement process are effective within all flight operations, maintenance and groundoperations activities. See ection 3.6or more details.

10)enior anagement eview A management review process, based on a defined meetingschedule, that gives senior managers visibility o the SMS activity, in particular saetyreporting, hazard management and QA issues.

Relevant elements should also be co-ordinated to ensure actions complement one another andsupport the effectiveness o the whole SMS.Required SMS elements & relationships

LeadershipCommitment

Policy, accountability& KPIs

Documentedprocedures

Safety reporting& investigation

Regular SeniorManagement

Review

Managementof change

Hazard & RiskManagement

ID, assessment & mitigation

Qualityassurance

Personel &competence

SafetyCommunications

. Hazard/risk management processs

Te hazard management process, previously and sometimes reerred to as a Saety Case, is notgenerally well defined within the reerence guidance or well understood by a number o operators,but orms an essential element in managing risk to as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP).Further guidance is thereore provided in this section.

Regardless o the size o the operator, its SMS is required to include a Hazard/Risk ManagementProcess. Although the systems and procedures used will vary by operator and need to be aligned tocomplement the other elements o the SMS, the Hazard/Risk Management Process should containthe elements and links shown below. Like the SMS, the size and complexity o the elements is likelyto reflect the size and complexity o the operator.


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Define the scopeof the activity

Managementof change

Process new hazards

Contr

olexist

s Newcontrolrequired

Validate existing controls ordevelop new controls

Validate existing controls ordevelop new controls

Control developed

Identify & recordhazards

Reference controls tocompany procedures &

assign responsible individual

Conductrisk analysis

Identify controls tomanage hazards

Record in remedialaction plan

QA system/process Update checklists

Safety reporting& investigation

ManagementReview Process

More detail and explanation o the use o a Risk Assessment Matrix (RAM) or the risk analysisstage and bow tie analysis or the identification o controls stage, is ound at Appendix 1.

Te Hazard/Risk Management process must identiy and address both generic, mission specific andlocation specific hazards. Te hazards should be recorded in a hazard register in a ormat that:

shows the risk assessment score assigned to each hazard;

links the hazards to specific controls and (bowtie) recovery measures;

provides a document reerence or the control and recovery measure;

assigns a responsible individual to each control.

Te hazard register can be within the SMS Manual, in an appendix, in a separate document or in asofware tool, as suits the operator.

An operator may have one generic hazard register covering its whole operation or a number olocation or mission specific hazard registers. In either case, controls identified or location specifichazards are to be assigned local responsibility.

Te Hazard/Risk Management process should be demonstrably linked to the operators SaetyReporting and Investigation process, its Management o Change process, and to the QA unction.Tis ensures that the hazard/risk management process is triggered by reported incidents andoccurrences, by relevant changes within the company, and that the controls developed by the processare verified by QA audit and by the investigation process. Tose parts o the process indicated, should

also be subject to periodic management review.


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. Incident and accident reporting requirements

Notwithstanding the air operators regulatory, local and/or national legislative Mandatory

Occurrence Reporting obligations, OGP Members should, by contract, require that owned andcontracted aircraf operators provide notification and relevant available details to the OGP Member(within 24 hours) in the event o the ollowing occurrences:

Aircraf Accident

Serious or Significant Incident

Near Miss

Air Saety Reports (having imminent Airworthiness or Saety o Flight implications)

Aircraf accidents and serious incidents will normally be notified, investigated and reported inaccordance with the international standards and recommended practices contained in ICAOAnnex 13, which provides the necessary ramework or the Investigation. OGP Members mayobserve and participate i allowed by the Governing State o Occurrence and specialist assistancemay be provided by the OGP Members Aviation Advisor to local in-house investigations, ollowingnotification.

OGPsealth & saety incident reporting system users guideshould also be consulted to determinei injuries sustained in the course o OGP Members aviation related activities are reportable to theOGP.

3.5.1. Accident definition

For the purposes o consistency across different national regulatory authorities and to enableaccurate statistics to be compiled, the ollowing definition o accident, taken rom ICAO, will beassumed or all OGP reporting purposes:

Accident An occurrence associated with the operation o an aircraf which, in the case o a mannedaircraf, takes place between the time any person boards the aircraf with the intention o flight untilsuch time as all such persons have disembarked, or in the case o an unmanned aircraf, takes placebetween the time the aircraf is ready to move with the purpose o flight until such time as it comesto rest at the end o the flight and the primary propulsion system is shut down, in which:

a) a person is atally or seriously injured as a result o:

being in the aircraf, or

direct contact with any part o the aircraf, including parts which have become detachedrom the aircraf, or

direct exposure to jet blast or rotor downwash, except when the injuries are rom naturalcauses, sel-inflicted or inflicted by other persons, or when the injuries are to stowaways

hiding outside the areas normally available to the passengers and crew; orb) the aircraf sustains damage or structural ailure which:

adversely affects the structural strength, perormance or flight characteristics o theaircraf, and

would normally require major repair or replacement o the affected component,

except or engine ailure or damage, when the damage is limited to a single engine,(including its cowlings or accessories), to propellers, wing tips, antennas, probes, vanes,tyres, brakes, wheels, airings, panels, landing gear doors, windscreens, the aircraf skin(such as small dents or puncture holes), or or minor damages to main rotor blades, tailrotor blades, landing gear, and those resulting rom hail or bird strike (including holes inthe radome); or

c) the aircraf is missing or is completely inaccessible.Because the ICAO definition is aimed primarily at fixed-wing flights terminating on land, theollowing is added or clarity over the particular area o ditching or water landing. Where theaircraf intentionally or unintentionally ditches or lands on water as the result o a mechanical/


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system ailure or aircrew error, and the aircraf cannot regain flight or is not subsequently recoveredwithout sustaining the damage detailed in b) above, it will be considered an accident or the purposeso the OGP aviation saety statistics.

For example, a ditching that resulted in a subsequent, but not necessarily immediate, rollover and/orsinking and major repair due to water damage, would be considered an accident or OGP statistics.A ditching where the aircraf remains upright on its floats and is recovered with only minimaldamage, including the damage due to water ingress, would not be considered an accident, unless

paragraph a) applied.

.. Quality assurance

OGP Members should require aircraf operators to develop, document and implement a qualityassurance system (or process) modelled to provide confidence that the risk controls specified throughregulation, company operating procedures and the risk management process are effective within allflight operations, ground operations and maintenance activities.

Tis should include:

An internal evaluation/audit programme encompassing all saety and quality critical activitieswithin flight operations, ground operations and maintenance.

Auditing o processes, procedures, documentation, training and records.

Audit activities should be scheduled and conducted at planned intervals to establish conormitywith regulatory and management system requirements. Results o previous audits, includingimplementation and effectiveness o corrective action, should be included within the scope othe programme.

Te programme should be managed at the local operational level and be subject to periodic

review by the air operators management. QA departmental procedures, duties, responsibilities,and reporting relationships should be described in the Operations Manual, MaintenanceManagement Manual (MMM), Management System Manual or a separate QA manual asappropriate.

. Environmental management

Environmental management controls should at all times be in compliance with local and or nationalregulatory requirements.

Controlled companies and their contracted aircraf operators shall demonstrate to an acceptablelevel how the hazard o aircraf noise is effectively managed within their operations.


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Section Contents

Aircraft operations general

. Contractual................................................................................................................................................................. Contract management - Aviation Advisor support ........................................................................................... Te role o the Air Operations Supervisor (AOS) ocal point ........................................................................ Aircraf insurance and indemnity ......................................................................................................................... Use o third-party (turnkey) contracts ..............................................................................................................

. Operating categories and usage ..................................................................... ...................................................... .. Use o scheduled airlines and airline saety ........................................................................................................ Use o non-scheduled Aircraf .............................................................................................................................. Use o private or non-accepted aircraf ................................................................................................................ Use o public sector aircraf .................................................................................................................................... Te use o unapproved aircraf or emergency and med-rescue flights ........................................................

. Pilots ..................................................................... ........................................................................ ................................ ualifications and experience levels .................................................................................................................... Alternatives to OGP recommended experience levels ................................................................................... .. Use o reelance pilots ........................................................................................................................................... .. Pilots flying more than one aircraf type .......................................................................................................... .. Medicals ................................................................................................................................................................... .. Payroll/salary...........................................................................................................................................................

. Maintenance personnel ....................................................................... ................................................................... .. ualifications ......................................................................................................................................................... .. Experience levels ..................................................................................................................................................... .. Avoidance o atigue in maintenance personnel .............................................................................................

. Maintenance requirements ................................................................ ...................................................................... uality assurance and quality control .............................................................................................................. .. Requirement or duplicate inspections/Required Inspection Items (RII) ............................................... .. Aircraf Minimum Equipment List (MEL) .....................................................................................................

. Drugs & alcohol policy ............................................................. ....................................................................... ......


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Intentionally Blank


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Aircraf operations general

. Contractual

4.1.1 Contract management Aviation Advisor support

In the early stages o planning a new venture where air transport is being considered, theinvolvement o an Aviation Advisor has proved invaluable in determining the optimal solution oraviation transport requirements. In such cases, Aviation Advisor representation on the scoutingteam provides the necessary expertise to evaluate influencing actors such as terrain, distances,climate, SAR acilities, and make timely recommendations including advice on design criteria orremote airfields or or helipads or helidecks. In remote and developing areas, a considerable leadtime (typically a minimum o six months) may be required to ensure availability o suitable aircrafoperated by an approved contractor.

For longer-term contracts and contract renewal, advice should also be sought rom the AviationAdvisor on the detailed contract terms to ensure that individual OGP Members standards areincluded in the contract.

Where the air support requirements on a contract are particularly complex or extensive in theirscope, consideration should be given to appointing a proessionally qualified aviation supervisor orthe specific operation.

All OGP Members using aircraf should have a nominated Air Operations Supervisor (AOS) ocalpoint, responsible or overseeing aviation activities in accordance with the advice laid down in thismanual. Advice is available at all times rom the nominated Aviation Advisor, and this advice issupplemented by the uidance to ir perations upervisorsbooklet issued by the OGP.

4.1.2 The role of the Air Operations Supervisor (AOS) focal point

Tose responsible or the supervision o air transport within OGP Members business units

typically range rom Heads o Aircraf Services, who may be qualified pilots or proessional aircrafmaintenance engineers to others, with no previous knowledge o aviation. Other variations includeEP ventures, where the Operations Manager, Logistics Manager, or a member o their staff, looksafer air transport support, ofen in conjunction with other responsibilities.

Te scope o work varies enormously: rom simply chartering aircraf to meet specific tasks, withpassenger handling undertaken by the aircraf operator or an agent; to operating an owned fleet oaircraf, with company owned acilities including airfields, helipads, helidecks, passenger schedulingand handling. Te running o acilities will require the setting up o in-house procedures, establishingcompetencies training personnel, provisioning equipment and putting in place a saety managementsystem.

Air Operations Supervisor (AOS) will be used as the generic term or the purpose o this publication

be they an Aviation Co-ordinator, ocal point, or other localised or OGP Member specific term(erms o Reerence at ppendix 3).

Te training needs o an AOS should be tailored to the experience level and qualifications othe person selected to be an AOS taking into consideration the scope o the work required to beundertaken. Examples o courses available are at ppendix 4.

4.1.3 Aircraft insurance & indemnity

Level of Insurance

Te OGP Member should determine the level o insurance required in line with its company riskmanagement guidelines.


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Evidence of insurance

OGP Members should require that:

a) Each aircraf operator provide documentary evidence o the required insurance coverage.b) Such insurance not be cancelled or changed material ly during the course o the contract

without at least thirty days written notice to the OGP Member.

Subrogation, cross liability & additional insured

a) o the extent necessary to reflect indemnities given by an aircraf operator under thecontract, insurers should waive rights o action/subrogation against the OGP Member andthe OGP Member should be named as an additional insured under the policy.

b) Liability insurance should contain a severability clause (Cross Liabilities).

Additional cost

Te OGP Members Risk Management and or Insurance specialists/advisors should be consulted i

there will be a cost associated with the requirement to name the OGP Member as additional insuredor to obtain a waiver o subrogation.

4.1.4 Use of third-party (turnkey) contracts

Te ollowing points are stressed should an OGP Member choose to use turnkey contractors:

a) OGP Members personnel on company business who in the course o their work are expectedto use aircraf owned by other companies or chartered by third parties/other companiesshould exercise caution and should consult with the OGP Members Aviation Advisorystaff beore using the aircraf.

b) Tird-party aircraf should meet standards o saety/technical quality comparable tothose o the OGP Member; they should provide an adequate level o liability coverage

(see previous comments above) and the crew/staff should meet OGP Member equivalentcompetence standards.

c) While emergency situations may not allow sufficient notice or advance evaluation,employees should liaise with their OGP Members Aviation Advisor, either directly orthrough locally designated contacts, whenever possible.

d) Included are aircraf operating to OGP Member contracted acilities and provided throughthird-parties as a turn-key contract operation or other services such as seismic, barge,geophysical survey, cargo, mobile offshore drilling units (MODUs), etc.

e) Reviews o the aviation contractor by the Aviation Advisor should still be required, whetheror not a turn-key contract is in place.

) Supervision o the aviation services should be maintained and the aviation contractors

perormance continuously monitored.g) Te Aviation Advisors review o the contractor would also specifically cover the local OGP

Members business units ability to monitor and maintain standards.

. Operating categories & usage

4.2.1 Use of scheduled airlines & airline safety

OGP Members should endeavour to provide inormation that allows its business travellers to selectand use those airlines representing the lowest risk or the route to be flown.

Te OGP has developed an irline saety assessment mechanism (OGP Report 418) which

can be used by OGP Members to compare the relative risks o travelling on scheduled airlines anddecide whether the risks associated with airline travel are compatible with the business need. TeMechanism takes into account a significant number o actors that contribute to the relative risk oan airline.


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4.2.2 Use of non-scheduled Aircraft

When travel by non-scheduled aeroplane or helicopter is deemed appropriate, this may be ondedicated contract aircraf, by spot charter or on aircraf o joint venture partners. In these cases,

advice should be sought rom the Aviation Advisor regarding the status, with respect to the OGPMembers policies and requirements, o the aircraf operator and aircraf type, and the qualificationso the pilots to be used.

aragraph 2.2 o this manual provides urther details in respect o One ime Acceptance andsubsequent review requirements.

4.2.3 Use of private or non-accepted aircraft

During the course o conducting company business, personnel are sometimes offered lifs in privateaircraf or in aircraf operated by non-reviewed or non-accepted companies, ofen at very short notice.Providing time permits, the Aviation Advisor may be able to offer advice in respect o non-reviewedcompanies. OGP Members should consider using a One ime Acceptance process (paragraph 2.2)

as a guide to the operators ability and to assist management in the risk assessment o such flights.

4.2.4 Use of public sector aircraft

In the course o conducting its activities the OGP Member may be offered the use o publicsector aircraf, or example those operated by law enorcement or other government agencies. Teaircraf offered may be military types or civil aircraf that may not otherwise conorm with civilairworthiness requirements. It is also possible that these aircraf are operated outside o the civilaviation regulations. Tere may be situations or locations where the use o a public sector aircraf byan OGP Member is warranted in which case advice rom the Aviation Advisor should be sought todetermine how to assess whether use o these aircraf can accepted or should be declined.

4.2.5 The use of unapproved aircraft for emergency & med-rescue flights

Whenever OGP Members have ongoing operations within any given area, they should pre-plan,prequaliy and proactively contract or aircraf services necessary to provide emergency evacuations,especially medical evacuations, where the time required to get patients to competent andcomprehensive medical care can make the difference between lie and death. Helicopters on long-term contract to provide medical evacuation services should at least comply with the requirementsor transport helicopters used in the same environment. See ection 12.4elicopters used or medicalevacuations or more details. Te option o auditing all the possible med-rescue aircraf operatorsaround the world (e.g. SOS, AXA or similar companies) that are available to respond to an airambulance flight is likely to be beyond the resources available to most OGP Members. However,

where there is a dedicated aircraf operator that is approved and suitably equipped, then that operatorshould be used or the task, such as in the case where an injured person is evacuated rom an offshore

platorm, or which the OGP Member has a contracted support helicopter.A good source or standards or Air Ambulance operations are summarised in theransport Canada, uide to air ambulance operations (P10839E) available on website:http://www.tc.gc.ca/CivilAviat ion/commerce/manuals/tp10839/menu.htm.

At the time o requiring a Med-rescue flight, the OGP Member may not be able to pick and choosewhose aircraf will be called to respond and thereore is orced to accept the service as provided. Teonly alternate would be to use local medical acilities, or wait or commercial airline flights; neithero these options may be practicable or acceptable or real medical emergencies in remote locations

where the medical support is less than the desirable standard.

Tereore the ollowing process should apply:

a) Controls should be in place to ensure that the OGP Member management and medicaladvisors only call or Med-rescue flights when the level o illness/injury warrants theevacuation o the patient. Tese controls should orm one part o the Emergency ResponsePlans or the operation or site.


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b) Wherever possible, contracts should be in place with Med-rescue service companies such asthose with known international reputations.

c) Te use o aircraf, as supplied, is accepted on the basis that the exposure and risk o usingunaudited/unapproved aircraf is outweighed by the risk o urther suffering or loss o lieto the patient who is the ocus o the medical emergency.

. Pilots

4.3.1 Qualifications & experience levels

Te tables at Appendix 5A detail the recommended flying experience and qualifications o pilotsbeore they can fly OGP Member or Contractor(s) personnel. Where these requirements cannot bemet a mechanism to obtain a dispensation providing mitigating actors should be set in place. Wherethis is requested, ull details o an individuals experience and qualifications under the headings

shown in the tables should be submitted to the Aviation Advisor or assessment and considerationprior to agreeing or otherwise such a dispensation.

Some operators have a basic pilot training scheme involving careully structured modules romselection through to basic, ab-initio training, conversion training, supervised line training, andcaptaincy. For the graduates o such a scheme, dispensation may be given or acceptance as captainsor co-pilots on OGP Member flights, in accordance with paragraph 4.3.2 below or multi-crewaircraf.

Some civil aviation authorities allow captaincy under supervision, or P1 U/S as it is sometimescalled, to count towards captaincy time, usually counting as hal captaincy time. Beore such anarrangement can be agreed during the progression o a co-pilot towards captaincy on an OGPMember contract, guidance should be sought rom the Aviation Advisor to ensure the validity o

that flying. Seeparagraph 8.1.6.In some countries air taxi and helicopter pilots may not be entitled to an Air ransport Pilots Licence(APL) or equivalent. I this is the case then a Commercial Pilots Licence (CPL), or equivalent inthe country o operation, is considered acceptable.

4.3.2 Alternatives to OGP recommended experience levels

As an alternative to the pilot experience levels detailed at ppendix 5, it is possible to replacethe requirement or defined pilot experience levels with an approved operators competency basedraining Management System.

In order or this to be achieved the ollowing conditions must be met:

a) Establishment o a ormal modular competency based progression scheme or pilots rombasic (ab-initio/new-hire/conversion) to command and or aircraf type conversion, whichwill:

i) Be based on the guidelines at ppendix 5and 5as applicable.

ii) Include an APL Teory examination and elements or role specific training (i.e. offshore,vertical reerence, etc) at the Stage 2 level o ppendix or Commercial Pilot License(CPL) training.

b) An In depth audit o the operators training system and effectiveness o the implementationo the competency based training program should be conducted by the Aviation Advisor toinclude as a minimum the ollowing:

i) Content o the training syllabus, to include comprehensive ground and flight training,

particularly or entry at the CPL stage (see paragraph e. below), based on the best practicesrom both the JAA and FAA training schemes.


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ii) Formal progression scheme or pilots rom basic (ab-initio) to command. Observation oCrew Resource Management (CRM) and simulator programs including Line OrientedFlight raining (LOF).

iii) Examination o training records with emphasis on a structured command course,competencies to be achieved and the associated checking process.

iv) Base and Line training staff with defined competencies who themselves are regularlychecked.

c) An ongoing Aviation Advisor audit plan to ensure continued compliance with the above.

d) Additionally, when a new aircraf type is introduced on contract, it may be necessary toreduce total time on type. Tis must be considered only afer approval o the contractorstype conversion scheme based on the requirements o Appendix 5C, and will be reviewedon a case-by-case basis as noted above and inparagraph 8.1.2.3.

e) Te entry level or the competency based raining Management System will normally beat the ab-initio level (ppendix 5, Stage 1), but can also be with a CPL (ppendix 5,Stage 4) providing the ollowing conditions are met:

i) Aptitude testing is completed in accordance with ppendix 5, Stage 1.

ii) Te candidate holds an APL theory qualification

iii) Full training records are held or the CPL training including records o stage and finalcheck flights and total hours are validated by the training provider.

iv) Te training provider has been assessed and approved by the Helicopter Operators QA orraining organisation and the ollowing actors taken into account:

Instructor experience and oversight.

Instructor competency check process.

Te content o the CPL training (ground and flight), which should include an

element o role specific training dependant on the type o flying to be perormed (i.e.Offshore, vertical reerence).

4.3.3 Use of freelance pilots

Freelance pilots may be used provided they have received proper company Induction/Conversion/line training beore initial engagement, are included as part o the companys recurrent training

programme, and have OPC/LPC (or equivalent) conversion training in accordance with nationalregulations. I time between engagements exceeds time between required OPCs, a training

programme applicable to all company pilots, being away rom flying or whatever reason, shouldapply to the reelancer.

Teir competence and suitability should be ormally endorsed by the senior management o the

company and must meet all OGP Member flying qualifications and experience level requirements.Tey are also to be identified to and accepted by the OGP Member Company prior to use.

4.3.4 Pilots flying more than one aircraft type

Aircraf operator policy regarding how many types o aircraf their pilots may fly varies significantlyrom company to company. Te advisability o pilots flying more than one type will vary with thetypes involved, the experience level and ability o the individual pilot. Nevertheless, because flyingseveral types on a day-to-day basis inevitably increases the danger o incorrect responses in the caseo emergency, and the likelihood o handling errors or errors o omission, a limit must be placed onthe practice.

It is expected that aircraf operators have a written policy on the subject, which applies across their

operations. While pilots are quite correctly endorsed on a number o aircraf types, it is recommendedthat only in exceptional circumstances would more than 2 types be flown on a day-to-day basis,with a preerence to see a single type flown, or scheduling in blocks o days on a particular type. Imore than one type is flown, recency flying and type training must be closely monitored both byindividual pilots and by a nominated member o the flying, training or operations staff.


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4.3.5 Medicals

All pilots should hold a valid medical certificate; appropriate to their age and licence (e.g. CPL,APL) requirements. Te requency o medical examinations is determined by the local National

Aviation Authority and/or company policy, however the maximum interval between medicalexaminations should not exceed 12 months.

4.3.6 Payroll/salary

Aircrew personnel should not receive remuneration solely on a basis o hours or miles flown. Temethod o remuneration preerred by the OGP is fixed salary.

. Maintenance personnel

4.4.1 Qualifications

Personnel carrying out aircraf maintenance should hold appropriate Licences and Endorsements(see Appendix 5D1-3). Tese should permit them to carry out aircraf maintenance or act in asupervisory or management capacity o an approved Maintenance organization as required by thegoverning regulatory authority o the jurisdiction in which operations are being conducted.

In addition, a system o local approvals should exist whereby the operator or maintenanceorganisation systematically approves the individual to exercise the privileges granted by the licence&/or endorsements held on the range o equipment operated or maintained by that organisation.Such approvals may be granted ollowing ormal type training and/or local on-the-job training/evaluation as appropriate.

4.4.2 Experience levels

Except in the case o incumbent supervisory/management personnel already employed in anorganization introducing a new aircraf type, where additional manuacturer or other qualifiedsupport may be required during the introductory and early operational phases, the experience levelrequirements at ppendix 51-3should be applied.

4.4.2.1 Unlicenced and recently licensed maintenance personnel

Where organisations employ a mix o l icenced and unlicenced or recently licenced personnel, theproportion o personnel having Certificate o Release to Service (CRS) privileges to others shouldbe sufficiently high to ensure adequate supervision o work is provided at all times.

4.4.2.2 Trainee aircraft maintenance engineer/technician/mechanic

Where trainees are sponsored or employed directly, the requirements or unlicensed and recently

licenced maintenance personnel equally applies. In addition, there will be a documented trainingplan that includes:

a) Formal training must hold basic educational qualifications or entry into regulatorapproved maintenance training course(s) in respect o the licence categories desired.raining must be provided by an approved training organisation.

b) On-the-job training must be relevant and provide adequately supervised experience.

4.4.3 Avoidance of fatigue in maintenance personnel

Other than any specific labor laws that may be applicable locally, maintenance personnel are not

regulated by duty hour limitations. Te ollowing should be applied to all engineering staff as aminimum standard:


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4.4.3.1 Total work period

otal work periods should not exceed 12 hours in any 24-hour period. Where, exceptionally, it isessential that the working period is extended; the Head o Maintenance should approve it on a case-

by-case basis.

4.4.3.2 Night Shifts

Where shifs are regularly rostered with a heavy maintenance workload to be completed through thenight, the length o the duty period may be reduced rom the 12 hour maximum.

Ideally, i night maintenance is necessary, the bulk o work should be completed by the shifs on dutyup to midnight with the residue completed by a swing shif covering the period rom approximately2300 to 0700 hrs.

4.4.3.3 Rest

Each ull working shif should be ollowed by a minimum 8-hour rest period. When working a

24-hour split shif on line operations, at least 6 hours rest should be provided excluding travel. Teentitlement or days off should be a minimum o 7 per month o which at least 4 should be in aminimum o 2-day periods. When the location or climate is arduous then this should be increasedto minimize atigue.

4.4.3.4 Remote camps

On locations such as seismic camps, where it is not easible to provide other than the bareaccommodation necessities, a regular time on site, time off site routine should be set up to ensurethat maintenance personnel working under these conditions do not stay in the field or prolonged

periods. Te minimum recommended ratio o time on site to time off site is considered to be 2:1with a maximum period on site not to exceed 2 months.

. Maintenance requirements

4.5.1 Quality assurance & quality control

uality Assurance requirements are given at paragraph 3.4. uality Control procedures arenormally a regulatory requirement, and should adopt a orm similar to those expressed in EASAOps 1/EASA 145. However, where there is an absence o regulatory control in this respect, therequirements expressed inparagraphs 4.5.2and 4.5.3should be satisfied by all operators/maintenanceorganisations on contract to the OGP Member.

4.5.2 Requirement for duplicate inspections/Required Inspection Items (RII)

Afer any disturbance or dis-assembly o a control system or vital point in an aircraf, most butnot all Regulators call or independent inspections to be made and certified by two appropriatelyqualified persons, beore the next flight. Te inspections are to include correct assembly, locking,and ree and correct movement o control systems over the ull range. Such requirements extend toelectrically activated fly-by-wire systems and their connections as well as to mechanical linkages.

Tis procedure is known as duplicate inspection/required inspection item and, although not allauthorities have a similar requirement, it is recommended that companies require such inspections.Tereore, whenever a contract is drawn up this requirement should be included.

Independent Duplicate/Required Inspection Item (RII) inspections are to be carried out byappropriately qualified technicians, the required qualifications normally being determined by theRegulator, e.g. FAA Inspection Authorisation (IA). In the event that the qualification o these

persons is not regulated, then they would normally be a licensed engineer, technician or equivalent,holding a type approval or maintaining the engines and airrame o the aircraf concerned.

In all cases, the operator or maintenance organisation is to ensure that sufficient persons appropriatelyqualified are available at all main operating &/or maintenance bases. When away rom the normal


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maintenance acilities, and only minor adjustment o a control is required, a pilot may, i approvedby appropriate aviation authorities, exceptionally act as the second signatory. Te licensed engineer/technician should instruct the pilot on which controls have been disturbed and the

Aircraft management guidelines.pdf

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