AIRCRAFT FIRE SAFETY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Transcript of AIRCRAFT FIRE SAFETY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Aircraft Fire and Cabin Safety Conference Lisbon, Theo Klems, Airbus
8/2/2005
UP-DATE ON AIRBUS FIRE SAFETY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Aircraft Fire and Cabin Safety Research Conference - Lisbon
Presented by
Theo KlemsAirbus
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Contents
• Introduction- Evolution of Regulation- Airbus Fire Safety Specification
• Areas of Future Research- Evolution on Material Fire Safety- Hidden Fire Research- Fuselage Burnthrough Resistance- Smoke/Fire Detection Systems- Halon Replacement- Fuel System Safety- Alternative to Oxygen on Board
• Conclusions
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A/C Size / Regulation Evolution
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
20001940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2010
Amendments14 32 59 60
6166 74 93
HRR 65/65 + Smoke 200
Lavatory fire protection
HRR 100/100
Cargo liners burn through resistance
Seat cushions fire resistance
Vertical + horizontal Bunsen burner tests
12s vertical test only12s horizontal test only
B707-330
B747-100
B747-400
Cargo class D to C
A380Insulation materials
Max Pax
A340-300
A300 B4
B777-200
B777-300
Introduction
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Introduction
Airbus Internal FST Requirements
Airbus Directive (ABD 0031)
contains fireworthiness design
criteria for use inside the press-
urized section of the fuselage.
More stringent requirements for
smoke emission and toxic gases
Issue E Date FEB 2003
Airbus Fire Safety Specification
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F-S-T Requirements
Thermal Insulation
Overhead Bin Door
- 60 s Flammability - Heat Release*)
- Smoke emission*)
- Toxicity
- 60 s Flammability - Heat Release- Smoke emission test
Air Duct
Side wall panel- 60 s Flammability - Heat Release*)
- Smoke emission *)- Toxicity
AirbusFAA/EASA- 60 s Flammability - Heat Release- Smoke emission
*) more stringent requirements
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Tapes/Adhesives
Wiring incl. brackets
Air ducts incl. ducting, insulation and brackets
Primary insulation
Introduction
Airbus Fire Safety Specification
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Introduction
• Tremendous improvements in aircraft safety have been
introduced since the past 20 years
• Air transportation has become along the years, the safest means of mass transport ever
But
• Further efforts in fire safety research are required in order to keep reducing the risk of accidents
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Oxygen
Hidden Areas / Burnthrough -Resistance
Smoke/FireDetectionHalon Replacement
Evolutionon Materials- Fire Safety -
Areas of Current and Future Research
Fuel System Safety
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04.06.2003H.-Peter Busch - ECTB4 Bremen Page 2©AI
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Cabin Interior 80 years ago
Evolution on Material Fire Safety
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H.-Peter Busch - ECTB4 Bremen ©AI
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Cabin Interior today
Evolution on Material Fire Safety
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Hidden Fire Research
Research Objectives• Upgrade of materials in hidden areas to the level of fire
resistance as proposed for insulation materials
• Develop new Fire Test Method based on “Radiant Panel Test”
Status
• Full scale and radiant panel test program in progress to evaluate the flame propagation behavior of state of the art materials
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Hidden Fire Research Full Scale Test
Airbus Hidden Fire Test Set Up
Air Ducts with Heating ElementAir Ducts with Heating Element
Window Frame with Heating ElementWindow Frame with Heating Element
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Fuselage Burnthrough Resistance
Research Objectives
• To prolong a safe environment of the passengers inside the cabin in the event of a post crash fire scenario
• To develop adequat materials and designs to improve burnthrough resistance
Status• Various burnthrough configurations tested ( e.g. burnthrough
between decks )• Much of upper part of A380 burnthrough protected by GLARE
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Fuselage Burnthrough Resistance
Fuselage Materials Burnthrough Time (sec)
Aluminium, 1.8 mm 37
Aluminium, 1.8 mm(incl. insulation + lining) 150
GLARE, 2.4 mm no flame penetration
CFRP, 3.0 mm no flame penetration
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Fuselage Burnthrough Resistance
No burnthrough within 7 min
- Low Smoke - Low Toxicity
GLARE Burnthrough Test Pieces
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Small Scale Burnthrough Test
Test method to evaluate burnthrough characteristicsof materials / designs
Sample size: 600 x 600 mm
Suitable testmethod for pre-selection of materials and design
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Full Scale Burnthrough Test
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Smoke/Fire Detection Systems
Research Objectives• Fire and smoke detection system with drastically reduced
false alarm rate
• Multi - Criteria - Smoke Detection System
• Means for visualisation of status inside cargo compartment
Status
• Multi - Criteria – Smoke Detection System on A380
• Video camera aided fire and / or smoke indication developed
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Fire Detection TechnologyParticle Sensing•Photoelectric Sensor•Laser Particle Sensor•Light Attenuation Sensor•Ionisation Sensor
Light emitter(IR or visible)
Photo diode
Amplifier Signal
Gas Sensing•Semicond. Metal Oxide Sensor•Infra Red Sensor•Electrochemical Cell
Temperature Sensing•Metallic Resistors•Thermistors•Silicon Semicond. Temp. Sensors
•Thermoelectrical Devices•Piezoelectrical Devices•Temperature Radiation Sensing•Fibre-Optical Cables
Smoke/Fire Detection Systems
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Halon Replacement
Research Objectives• Environment friendly (non-halon) fire extinguishing system
that :- provides same level of safety- creates limited disbenefits / Halon- is fully compatible with the A/C environment
Status• Halon replacements for cabin fire extinguishing purposes
available• Alternatives for cargo fire suppression system under study
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Halon Replacement
OBIGGS
Water-Pressure Tank
Cargo Compartment
Heat Exchanger
Single Fluid NozzlesInert Gas Nozzle
OEA
Gasgenerator
NEA
Bleed Air
Research on OBIGGS and Water Mist SystemOBIGGS: On-Board Inert Gas Generating System
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Fuel System Safety
Research Objectives• Prevention of ignition source within fuel tanks
• Demonstrating functionality of an On-Board Inert Gas Generating System (OBIGGS) on an Airbus A320 (OBIGGS developed by FAA)
• FAA / Airbus joint ground / flight test program
Status• Ground / Flight tests have demonstrated the functionality of
the system
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Fuel System Safety
Airbus A320 OBIGGS Flight Test Installation
Air Separation Modules Nitrogen Enriched Air Exit
Heat Exchanger
Bleed Air
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Ble
ed L
ine
Heat Ex.
Cooling Inlet
Overboard Exit
Filter
Waste OEA Flow
Fuel Tank
NEA flow
Monitoring, Control & Indication
ASMs
ASM = Air Separation Module
OEA = Oxygen Enriched Air
NEA = Nitrogen Enriched Air
Fuel System Safety
OBIGGS Principle
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Alternative Oxygen on Board
Research Objectives• To reduce quantity of gaseous oxygen or chemical
generators on-board
Status• Solutions under investigation:
- OBOGS “On-Top” to refill on-board oxygen cylinders- OBOGS “On-Line” to generate oxygen on demand
• Flight test program running at Air Liquide company
OBOGS: On-Board Oxygen Generating System
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Product Gas
Oxygen
VentGas
Line
Bleed Air Line
OBOGS Concentrator
Typical OBOGS Installation (On-Line Configuration)
Alternative Oxygen on Board
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Conclusions
• Prevention of incidents/accidents by anticipating and solving problems before they occur
• Continued efforts to improve fire safety required
• Manufacturers are committed to Fire Safety Research
• Balance of aircraft safety / economics and performance
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This document and all information contained herein is the sole property of AIRBUS S.A.S. No intellectual property rights are granted by the delivery of this document or the disclosure of its content. This document shall not be reproduced or disclosed to a third party without the express written consent of AIRBUS S.A.S. This document and its content shall not be used for any purpose other than that for which it is supplied.
The statements made herein do not constitute an offer. They are based on the mentioned assumptions and are expressed in good faith. Where the supporting grounds for these statements are not shown, AIRBUS S.A.S. will be pleased to explain the basis thereof.
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The Fourth Triennial The Fourth Triennial The Fourth Triennial International Aircraft Fire and Cabin Safety International Aircraft Fire and Cabin Safety International Aircraft Fire and Cabin Safety Research ConferenceResearch ConferenceResearch Conference
The Fourth Triennial The Fourth Triennial The Fourth Triennial International Aircraft Fire and Cabin Safety International Aircraft Fire and Cabin Safety International Aircraft Fire and Cabin Safety Research ConferenceResearch ConferenceResearch Conference