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Transcript of Air Traffic Control & Management-1
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Air Traffic Control & Management
Air Traffic Control & Management
Roles of Air Traffic Management
Principles of Air Traffic Control
Hong Kong and Neighbouring Air Traffic Control Center
Air Traffic Control Technique
Difficulties and Challenges of HKATC
Qualities of ATC
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Roles of Air Traffic Management
Managed by CAD, HKSAR Government
Mission - Committed to a Safe, Efficient and Sustainable
Air Transport System
Safety Business
DirectorGeneral of Civil
Aviation
Norman Lo
DeputyDirection
General of Civil
Aviation
AirportStandardsDivision
Flight Standardsand
AirworthinessDivision
Air TrafficEngineering and
StandardsDivision
Air TrafficManagement
Division
AdministrationDivision
Finance DivisionAir Services
Division
Roles of Air Traffic Management
Air traffic control service
Flight information service
Alerting service
within the Hong Kong
Flight Information Region
(FIR)
total area of 276,000
square kilometers
extending over the South
China Sea
400
km
610
km
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Roles of Air Traffic Management
Flight Information
ATISAutomatic Terminal Information Service
Arrival hotline 3141 2820
Departure hotline 3141 2705
Continuous broadcast of aeronautical information such as:
Weather
Runway
Available approach
NOTAM
Any other information required by pilot such as windshear andturbulence warning
Check before departure and landing
Roles of Air Traffic Management
Aviation Weather Information
METAR Aviation routine weather report issued at hourly or half-hourly
intervals.
meteorological observation at an airport
METAR VHHH 040400Z 29006KT 9999 FEW025 33/26 Q1003NOSIG=
For flight briefing/planning
TAF Forecast, issued every 6hrs
Similar to METAR format
For flight briefing/planning
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Roles of Air Traffic ManagementAir traffic control service- A service provided for the purpose
of:
a) preventing collisions:
between aircraft, and
on the manoeuvring area between aircraft and obstructions; and
b) expediting and maintaining an orderly flow of air traffic.
(DOC4444)
Division of Labour
Aerodrome Control (Tower)
Terminal Control
En-route Control (Area Control)
Roles of Air Traffic Management
Aerodrome Control (Tower) Clearance Delivery Control (CDC)
Ground Movement Control (South/North) (GMC)
Air Movement Control (South/North) (AMC)
Zone Control
Flight Information
Tower Coordinator
Supervisor
Assistants
Airport Traffic (aviation/ground vehicle)
Helicopter (Shun Tak Macau/Peninsular/GFS)
Hong Kong Aviation Club, etc
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Roles of Air Traffic Management
Roles of Air Traffic Management
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Roles of Air Traffic Management
ATZAerodrome Traffic Zone
CTRControl zone
Vertical limits
AIP, Hong Kong, AD 2.22 Flight Procedures
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Roles of Air Traffic Management
Terminal Control Positions
Approach
Departure
Terminal Radar Control (West/South/East)
Flow control
Coordinator (mainly with Tower)
Separate traffic
(Hong Kong/Shenzhen/Macau/GuangZhou/Zhuhai)
Sequencing Delaying action
Roles of Air Traffic Management
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Roles of Air Traffic Management En-route Control (Area) East/South/West
Procedural Control- Planner
- Derive aircraft position from non-radar sources such as positionreport, pilot estimate
Radar Control
- Executor
- Derive aircraft position from radar source
Roles of Air Traffic Management
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Roles of Air Traffic Management
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Principle of Air Traffic Control
SafetyHOW?SEPARATION
Longitudinal
Vertical
Lateral
Time/Distance/Geographical reference
Distance/geographical reference
Vertical Distance
Actual theory is much more complicated !
Principle of Air Traffic Control
Separation applies to:
1. Departure Traffic (90s and therefore departingsequence)
2. Arrival Traffic (2.5NM/3NM and wake turbulence)
3. All Terminal and Enroute control traffic
3NM
5NM
10NM
Boundary separation to adjacent FIR
In general, the faster the aircraft, the more separation
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Principle of Air Traffic Control
Lets explain what they are doing with radar!
Principle of Air Traffic Control
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Principle of Air Traffic Control
Recap: Height, Altitude, Flight Level (FL)
Conventional Vertical Separation
1000ft below FL290
2000ft above FL290
Reduced vertical separation minimum(RVSM)
Reduction of the standard vertical separation required
between aircraft flying between FL290 and FL410 inclusive,
from 2,000 feet to 1,000 feet
increases the number of aircraft that fly in a particular volume
of airspace
Above FL410, remain 2000ft
Principle of Air Traffic Control
Flight Level Assignment Scheme (FLAS)refer AIP
En 1.8Waypoint Direction FL Available
NOMAN/ SABNO Inbound FL300, FL340, FL380
Outbound FL290, FL330, FL370, FL410
ASOBA Inbound FL300, FL380
DOSUT Inbound FL310, FL320, FL350, FL360,
FL390, FL400
EPKAL Outbound FL310, FL320, FL350, FL360,
FL390, FL400
IKELA Inbound FL280, FL300, FL340, FL380,
FL400, FL430
Outbound FL270, FL290, FL330, FL370,
FL390, FL410
KAPLI Inbound FL300, FL340, FL380, FL400
Outbound FL290, FL330, FL370, FL410
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Principle of Air Traffic Control
Flight Level Assignment Scheme (FLAS)refer AIPEn 1.8Waypoint Direction FL Available
ELATO Inbound FL300, FL320, FL340, FL380,
FL400
ENVAR Outbound FL290, FL310, FL330, FL350,
FL370, FL390, FL410
DOTMI Inbound S0660, S0720, S0780, FL280,
FL320, FL360, FL380
Outbound S0690, S0750, S0810, FL290,
FL330, FL350, FL390
SIKOU Inbound S0630, S0810, S0890, S1010,
S1070, S1130, S1190, S1250
Outbound S0600, S0660, S0720, S0780,
S0980, S1040, S1100, S1160,
S1220
Some levels have special requirement to meet.
SANYAFIR
TAIPEIFIR
MANILAFIR
HO CHIMINH FIR
GUANGZHOU FIR
SINGAPOREFIR
400
km
610
km
Hong Kong and Neighbouring AirTraffic Control Center
ZHANGJIANGFIR
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Air Traffic Control Technique
Turn (lateral separation)
AB
Will they crash?
Distance A> B
Should be alright?
Not sure!!!1. Speed
2. Wind direction
3. Aircraft Performance
Air Traffic Control Technique
Turn (lateral separation)
4NM!! Loss of Separation
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Air Traffic Control Technique
Step (vertical separation)
FL350
FL340
FL330
FL330
CAL 075, Due cross traffic, maintain FL330, standby for higher,
traffic information: opposite way, maintaining 1000 ft above your assigned level
ANZ38, traffic information: opposite way traffic climbing 1000ft below you.
CAL075
ANZ38
Air Traffic Control Technique
Step (vertical separation)
FL350
FL340
FL330
FL330
CAL 075, clear of traffic, climb FL370
CAL075
ANZ38
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Air Traffic Control Technique
Speed Control (longitudinal separation)
30NM 30NM
Speed M0.78 +Speed M0.78Speed M0.78 -
Air Traffic Control Technique
Daily work:
Separation (safety)
Sequencing (orderly)refer to separate blank sheet
Short cut (expediting traffic)
Traffic information
Coordination
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Difficulties and Challenges of HKATC
Crowded/congested airspace
Difficulties and Challenges of HKATC
Many crossing traffic (overflight) vs HK
inbound/outbound
Multiple conflictions
Solution of one conflict can create another conflict
Summer weather (typhoon seasonweather deviation)
One country two system (metric vs imperial)
Waste of air space resources
workload
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Difficulties and Challenges of HKATC
Westbound 180- 359T 000- 179T Eastbound
Flight
Level
CREW
Select Fight Level
(FL) in feet
ATC
Cleared FL in
meter
ATC
Cleared FL in
meter
CREW
Select FL in feet
Flight Level
FL
Feet Meter Meter Feet FL
469 46900 14300 13700 44900 449
430
43000 13100
12500 41100 411
401
40100 12200 11900 39100 391
381 38100 11600 11300 37100 371
361 36100 11000 10700 35100 351
341
34100 10400 10100 33100 331
321 32100 9800 9500 31100 311
301 30100 9200 8900 29100 291
276 27600 8400 8100 26600 266
256
25600 7800 7500 24600 246
236 23600 7200 6900 22600 226
217
21700 6600 6300 20700 207
197 19700 6000 5700 18700 187
177 17700 5400 5100 16700 167
157 15700 4800 4500 14800 148
138 13800 4200 3900 12800 128
Difficulties and Challenges of HKATC
Many mainland China traffic & China military flow control
(Xiamen, Shanghai)
Limited usable flight level (published FL vs practical FL)
(FL410 for Airbus 330 fully loaded long haul flight?)
Too many airports in Pearl River Delta Region
(Guangzhou/Shenzhen/Zhuhai/Macau/HKIA)
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Qualities of ATC
Aviation knowledge?
Science stream students? Pilot licence?
Analytical
Good communication skills
Only language - English
Situational Awareness
Numerical
Problem solving mindset
Calm
Multitasking
Good memory Spatial orientation
Passion?
Qualities of ATC
Do you want to be an ATC?
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Bibliography
DOC4444, Procedures of Air Navigation Services, Air
Traffic Management, ICAO, 4thEdition, 2001
Aeronautical Information Publication, Civil Aviation
Department, http://www.hkatc.gov.hk/
Civil Aviation Department
(http://www.cad.gov.hk/english/cad_division.html#atmd)
END
Q&A