AIR QUALITY PLAN of REGIONE AIR QUALITY PLAN of REGIONE PIEMONTE PIEMONTE

abstract about heating of buildingsabstract about heating of buildings

Adriano MussinattoAdriano Mussinatto

REGIONE PIEMONTEREGIONE PIEMONTE

DIREZIONE AMBIENTEDIREZIONE AMBIENTE

Settore Risanamento Elettromagnetico, Acustico e Settore Risanamento Elettromagnetico, Acustico e AtmosfericoAtmosferico

D.Lgs. 351/99Air quality

LegislationLegislation

Dir. 96/62/CEQualità dell’aria

Dir. 2002/91/CERendimento energetico

degli edifici

L.R. 43/2000Regional

Air Quality Plan

D.Lgs. 192/05311/06, Dpr 59/09 e

Dm 26/6/2009

L.R. 13/2007d.g.r. 46-11968

del 4/8/2009

European Union

Italia (MS)

Regione Piemonte

Dir. 2002/91/CEEnergy performance

of buildingsDir. 2008/50/CE

Air quality

D.Lgs. 155/2010Air quality

Dir. 2010/31/CEEnergy performance of

buildings

This document contains the regional rules about energy efficiency of

buildings

Inpact of building heatingInpact of building heating

Regional Inventory of air emissionsegional Inventory of air emissions

During winter season, building heating is the element During winter season, building heating is the element which has the most impact on air quality of urban which has the most impact on air quality of urban centers, second only to traffic.centers, second only to traffic.

30 % PM1030 % PM10 17% NOx17% NOx

EnergyEnergy

Heat Heat = = 2.7252.725 ktep/y ktep/yElectricity = Electricity = 420420 ktep/y ktep/yCOCO22 emissions emissions ≈ ≈ 88 Mton/y Mton/y

Final uses of energy in Piemonte

To reach an To reach an important energy important energy

reduction reduction is is necessary “to work” necessary “to work”

on existing on existing buildings!buildings!

EnergyEnergy

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

Migliaia

prima 1919 1919-1945 1946-1960 1961-1971 1972-1981 1982-1986 dopo 1986

numero abitazioni

In Piemonte the rebuilding rate of the In Piemonte the rebuilding rate of the total built volume is approximately total built volume is approximately

0,65%0,65% per year per year

In Regione Piemonte the average value of energy In Regione Piemonte the average value of energy requirement for heating buildings is approximatelyrequirement for heating buildings is approximately 150

kWh/m2 y

Number of building units

Performance of heating systemPerformance of heating system

The The minimum performance levelsminimum performance levels for new installations or for new installations or substitutions of existing boilers are the following:substitutions of existing boilers are the following:

EmissionEmission ≤≤ 80 mg NOx /kWh80 mg NOx /kWh (as NO (as NO22) = (22 mg/MJ)) = (22 mg/MJ)

≤≤ 10 mg PM /kWh10 mg PM /kWh = (2.8 mg/MJ) = (2.8 mg/MJ)

Efficiency Efficiency ηg = 93 + 2 Log(Pn)= 93 + 2 Log(Pn) (Pn = nominal heating (Pn = nominal heating power)power)

There is a special temporary rule about heating boilers feeded There is a special temporary rule about heating boilers feeded by gas oil until 2013:by gas oil until 2013:

Emission Emission ≤≤ 120 mg NOx /kWh120 mg NOx /kWh (as NO (as NO22) = (33 mg/MJ)) = (33 mg/MJ)

Incentives for installation of boilers with an Incentives for installation of boilers with an “NOx emission “NOx emission factor” ≤ 30 mg/kWh have been plannedfactor” ≤ 30 mg/kWh have been planned

Air emissions of biomass feeded Air emissions of biomass feeded boilersboilers

Fattori di emissione di PM

10

130

30

50

100

150

200

Gas naturale / GPL Gasolio Biomassa solida

PM

(m

g/k

Wh

)

Small boiler, stove, fireplace

Pn<35 kW 200 - 800 mg/kWh Boilers with

multicyclone

Boilers with fabric filter

NG / LPG Light oil Biomass(wood log, wood

chips)

Emission factors PM

Air emissions of biomass feeded Air emissions of biomass feeded boilersboilers

Fattori di emissione di NOx

915

10050

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Gas naturale / GPL Gasolio Biomassa solida

NO

x (

mg

/kW

h)

Small boilers, stoves,

fireplacesPn<35 kWt

Boilers with SNCR

Boilers without specific NOx

abatment system

NG / LPG Light oil Biomass(wood log, wood

chips)

Emission factors NOx

Air emissions of biomass feeded Air emissions of biomass feeded boilersboilers

Pn (kWt) Nominal efficiency

PM [mg/Nm3]

11% O2 dry basisaverage value per

hour

NOx [mg/Nm3]

11% O2 dry basis average value hour

35 ≤ Pn ≤ 3000

35 ≤ Pn ≤ 300 η ≥ 67+ 6log(Pn)

30 400

300 < Pn ≤ 3000 η ≥ 82 %

3000 ≤ Pn ≤ 6000 η ≥ 82 % 30 300

6000 ≤ Pn ≤ 20000 η ≥ 82 %3 0

10 (*)300

200(*)

(*) daily average value

Here below the Here below the minimum performance levelsminimum performance levels about biomass feeded boilersabout biomass feeded boilers

Adjustment of existing Adjustment of existing boilersboilers

Pot (kW) 2008 2009 2010 2011 2013 2014 2015

NG, LPG Pn < 35

NG, LPG 35 < Pn <= 300

NG, LPG 300 < Pn <= 1000

NG, LPG Pn > 1000

gas oil, biodiesel, biogas Pn < 35

gas oil, biodiesel, biogas 35 < Pn <= 1000

gas oil, biodiesel, biogas Pn > 1000

Heavy oil, bioliquid fuel, solid fuel Pn > 300

2012

The air emission limits to adjust the existing boilers The air emission limits to adjust the existing boilers are are the same fixed for new installations.the same fixed for new installations.

It’s possible to postpone energetic adjustment until It’s possible to postpone energetic adjustment until 1/9/2020.1/9/2020.

Adjustment of existing boilers Adjustment of existing boilers using firewood or solid biomassusing firewood or solid biomass

Pot (kW) 2008 2009 2010 2011 2013 2014 2015 2016

solid biomass - critical zones about air quality management 35 < Pn <= 500

solid biomass - critical zones about air quality management 500 < Pn <= 3000

solid biomass - critical zones about air quality management 3000 < Pn <= 6000

solid biomass - critical zones about air quality management 6000 < Pn <= 20000

solid biomass - critical zones about air quality management Pn > 20000

solid biomass 35 < Pn <= 500

solid biomass 500 < Pn <= 3000

solid biomass 3000 < Pn <= 6000

solid biomass 6000 < Pn <= 20000

solid biomass Pn > 20000

2012

The air emission limits to adjust the existing boilers The air emission limits to adjust the existing boilers are are the same fixed for new installations.the same fixed for new installations.

It’s possible to postpone energetic adjustment until It’s possible to postpone energetic adjustment until 1/9/20201/9/2020..

District heating

In next 10 years, In next 10 years, in Piemonte, a in Piemonte, a

strong strong development of development of district heating district heating

networksnetworks is is expected. expected.

Retrofit of existing Retrofit of existing buildingsbuildings

The The existing buildingsexisting buildings, in Regione Piemonte, have a , in Regione Piemonte, have a potential for energetic consumption reductionpotential for energetic consumption reduction of about of about 30%.30%.

Energetic requalification works, required to achieve this Energetic requalification works, required to achieve this objective, are caracterized by a objective, are caracterized by a pay-back periodpay-back period from from 4 4 to 10 yearsto 10 years..

It’s important It’s important to “shift” economical resourcesto “shift” economical resources from the from the purchase of fuels (normally fossil fuels) purchase of fuels (normally fossil fuels) to the purchase to the purchase of materials, technologies and consultancyof materials, technologies and consultancy that allows that allows our buildings our buildings to be less energy demandingto be less energy demanding and and more more

environmental friendly.environmental friendly.

It becomes strategic to arrange suitable financial toolsIt becomes strategic to arrange suitable financial tools allowing users to cope with the necessary investments allowing users to cope with the necessary investments and and taking the best advantage of the resources taking the best advantage of the resources “released” from energy savings“released” from energy savings obtained by obtained by requalification works.requalification works.

Retrofit of existing Retrofit of existing buildingsbuildings

Existing buidingsExisting buidings, with more than , with more than 5050 building units building units and a demand and a demand of primary energy greather than of primary energy greather than 200 kWh/m200 kWh/m22 per year;per year;

All other existing buildings, All other existing buildings, with awith a volume greather than 10.000 mvolume greather than 10.000 m33 and a demand of primary energy and a demand of primary energy greather than greather than 70 kWh/m70 kWh/m33 per per year;year;

This buidings must reduce their primary energy demand for heating of This buidings must reduce their primary energy demand for heating of at least at least 35%35% by 31/12/2016. by 31/12/2016.

Expected results on air emissions

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

t/y

CO/10 NMVOC NOx PM10 SO2

2005

2015

2020

-70.0%

-60.0%

-50.0%

-40.0%

-30.0%

-20.0%

-10.0%

0.0%

CO NMVOC NOx PM10 SO2

2015

2020

This scenario could be realistic only if the

use of solid biomass in small boilers, stove or fireplace won’t rise

significantly in the future, or if new

technologies will be developed to use this

type of renewable fuel

Thank youThank youfor your attention!for your attention!

risanamento.atmosferico@regione.piemonte.itrisanamento.atmosferico@regione.piemonte.it