A glance at our airA glance at our airAnnual report on data collected by Annual report on data collected by

provincial air quality monitoring network provincial air quality monitoring network

2014 preview2014 preview

AIR QUALITY MONITORING NETWORK

AIR QUALITY DATA

http://www.sistemapiemonte.it/ambiente/srqa/conoscidati.shtml

TURIN URBAN AREA AIR QUALITY FORECAST

http://www.provincia.torino.gov.it/ambiente/inquinamento/aria/qualita/ipqa/index

ANNUAL REPORTShttp://www.provincia.torino.gov.it/ambiente/inquinamento/eventi/sguardohttp://www.arpa.piemonte.it/approfondimenti/territorio/torino/aria/Pubblicazioni

The annual limit value concerning human health protection is substantially fulfilled all over the province.

The target limit value for the protection of human health is exceeded all over the province.

ozone

PM2,5

The annual limit value concerning human health protection is substantially fulfilled all over the province. The hourly limit value is

exceeded in Turin urban area.PM10

Most monitoring stations comply with the annual target for humanhealth protection but a general increase in concentrations must be highlighted in comparison with previous years. Three traffic stations

in Turin urban area exceed the target value.

benzo(a)pirene

The annual limit value concerning human health protection is exceeded in some traffic stations located in Turin urban area. The

hourly limit value is fulfilled throughout the province of Turin.

All indicators concerning human health protection are fulfilled throughout the province of Turin.

Situation

nitrogen dioxide

nickel

Cadmium

Arsenic

lead

benzene

carbon monoxide

sulphur dioxide

Pollutant

AIR QUALITY IN THE PROVINCE OF TURIN

Data collected during the last 10 years by air quality monitoring network operating in the province of Turin and managed by Arpa Piemonte show an overall and significant improvement but at the same time confirm the critical situation of the territory, in particular of the Turin urban area.

Seven out of twelve regulated pollutants (CO, SO2, Benzene, Pb, As, Cd, Ni) fully comply with the limits or target values throughout the province. Benzo(a)pyrene and PM2,5 show sporadic exceedances in the traffic monitoring station of the Turin urban area . In the same area nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and PM10 most frequently exceed limit values. Data confirms that Ozone (O3) is critical throughout the provincial territory.

Compliance with NO2 annual limit value was observed in 80% of the measurement stations. The hourly limit value was fulfilled throughout the province.

As regards PM10, 93% of the monitoring stations comply with the annual limit value: the percentage drops to 43% in case of the daily limit value. In 2014 for the first time some suburban stations on the plain (e.g. Ivrea) complied with both the daily and annual limit while the annual mean of Consolata traffic station - which is located in the very centre of Turin - fell below 40 µg/m3. Also PM2,5 showed an improvement because all stations fulfilled the annual limit value except for Settimo T.se.

Ozone target value for human health protection was exceeded in all measuring sites.

The highest levels of PM10, PM2,5 and NO2 were found in Turin urban area, whereas rural areas showed the highest ozone concentration.

In 2014 a significant decrease in NO2, PM10 and PM2,5 concentrations was observed. On the one hand this improvement is believed to be mainly due to a decrease of polluting emissions, connected with the reduction of energy consumption concerning car traffic and industrial production; on the other hand the decrease is associated with the unusually favourable dispersive atmospheric conditions during winter months.

PM10 REGIONAL FORECAST AND WEEKLY DATA BULLETINShttp://www.arpa.piemonte.it/bollettini

The air quality monitoring network operating in the province of Turin is managed by Arpa Piemonte. It is composed of 23 monitoring stations (16 background stations and 7 traffic stations) and one mobile station for short measuring campaigns.

All the stations are connected to the data acquisition centre by telephone lines and transmit hourly measurement result. This setup allows a continuous monitoring of the main factors that may affect air quality.

Location of measurement stations on the territory is a key factor to achieve a cost-effective air quality monitoring. In some cases the selected sites must be representative of a large portion of territory, in other cases stations must represent specific pollution situation like traffic hot spot or single source emissions. A strategic location of measurement points gives extremely representative information on air quality.

MEASUREMENT STATIONS

OZONE BULLETINShttp://www.arpa.piemonte.it/bollettini

(1) Station owned by private body managed by Arpa Piemonte

METEOROLOGY

The year 2014 was assessed by the index "number of days favourable to PM10 accumulation“ from a meteorological viewpoint. The index, which is referred to Turin urban area, analyzes the interactions of transport, chemical transformation and dispersion of pollutants with meteorology. The aim of the index is to pick out the days when stability conditions favourable to PM10 increase occur. The index provides a useful tool to connect annual variability of pollutant concentrations and meteorology.

In 2014 the number of days favourable to PM10 accumulation was lower than in the previous 3 years. The monthly analysis of the index points out that the colder months of 2014 were less critical than the ones of the 2006-2013 period. In particular January and November show the lowest number of “critical days” in the period. Precipitation data confirm the index findings: 2014 was more rainy than 2006-2013 period, in terms of both total precipitation (1309 mm vs. 931 mm on the average), and number of rainy days (99 days versus 73 days on the average), especially in January, February, November and December.

All air quality data presented in tables and graphs were subjected to two out of three validation steps (daily, monthly and annual) of Arpa Piemonte Quality Management System. The 2014 edition of "A glance at our air" - which will be available for download at websites of Città Metropolitana di Torino and Arpa Piemonte - will include a circumstantial report on measurement data, further information on pollution sources and in-depth studies on specific issues.

Suburban backgroundNOX , PM10 , PM10 ß , PM2,5 ß, BTX, PCDD/DF sampling system, Metals/PAHs deposimeter, Hg deposimeter, PCDD/DF deposimeter, Hg gaseous analyzer

Via San Giacomo c/o giardino pubblico Aldo Mei - Beinasco

Beinasco (TRM) (1)

Suburban backgroundNOx, O3, BTXVia Garibaldi, 3 – VinovoVinovo

Urban backgroundNOx, CO, PM10, (As-Cd-Ni-Pb), B(a)P, BTX, PM10ß, PM2,5ß

Via Rubino sn - TorinoTO-Rubino

Urban trafficNOx, CO, SO2, (As-Cd-Ni-Pb), B(a)P, BTX, PM10ß, PM2,5ß

P.zza Rebaudengo, 23 - TorinoTO-Rebaudengo

Urban backgroundNOx, O3, PM10-PM10ß, PM2,5, (As-Cd-Ni-Pb), B(a)P, BTXVia A. Monti, 21 – TorinoTO-Lingotto

Urban trafficPM10, (As-Cd-Ni-Pb), B(a)PVia P. Veronese, 305 – TorinoTO-Grassi

Urban trafficNOx, CO, SO2, PM10, (As-Cd-Ni-Pb), B(a)P, BTX, PTSVia Consolata, 10 – TorinoTO-Consolata

Suburban backgroundNOx, O3, PM10, (As-Cd-Ni-Pb), B(a)PP.zza della Repubblica – SusaSusa

Urban trafficNOx, CO, PM10, PM2,5, BTX, B(a)PVia Milano, 31 – SettimoSettimo T.se

urban backgroundNOx, O3P.zza III Alpini, 1 – PineroloPinerolo

Traffico-suburbanoNOx, CO, PM10, (As-Cd-Ni-Pb), B(a)PVia Roma sn – OulxOulx

Suburban backgroundNOx, O3Via Gozzano sn – OrbassanoOrbassano

Suburban backgroundNOx, O3, CO, PM10ß, PM2,5ßVia vittime di Bologna, 12 - LeinìLeinì (GDF) (1)

Suburban backgroundNOx, O3, PM10, PM2,5, (As-Cd-Ni-Pb), B(a)PViale della Liberazione, 1 – IvreaIvrea

Urban backgroundNOx, SO2Viale Radich 8/12 - GrugliascoGrugliasco

Rural backgroundNOx, O3, PM10, (As-Cd-Ni-Pb), B(a)PCascina Peppinella – DruentoDruento

Urban trafficNOx, PM10C.so Francia, 137 - CollegnoCollegno

Suburban backgroundNOx, O3, PM2,5Via Bersezio sn – ChieriChieri

Rural backgroundNOx, O3,PM10ß, PM2,5ß, (As-Cd-Ni-Pb), B(a)Pc/o cent. Idroelettrica - CeresoleCeresole Reale

Urban trafficNOx, CO, PM10, (As-Cd-Ni-Pb), B(a)PP.zza I Maggio sn – CarmagnolaCarmagnola

Suburban backgroundNOx, O3, PM10, PM2,5, (As-Cd-Ni-Pb), B(a)P, BTXVia Italia , sn – BorgaroBorgaro

Urban backgroundNOxVia S. Pellico, 5 – BeinascoBeinasco

Rural backgroundNOx, O3, CO, PM10ß, PAHs deposimeterStr. Pino Torinese, 1 – BaldisseroBaldissero (GDF)(1)

Type of stationPollutantsAddressStation

Sulphur dioxideSO2

Total particulatePTS

Benzene, toluene, xileneBTX

Arsenic, Cadmium, Nickel, Lead

As-Cd-Ni-Pb

Benzo(a)pireneB(a)P

Particulate matter < 2,5 µmPM2,5

Particulate matter < 10 µmPM10

OzoneO3

Oxides of nitrogenNOX

Carbon monoxideCO

DescriptionPollutant

Serg

io D

all’O

lio, sk

y a

bo

ve

Torin

o 2

014

Rainy days Precipitation (mm)Temperature (°C)

73

565665898545

mean

2004-2014

99

814448129775138

mean

2014

931

5811646917668111107109673941

mean

2004-2013

1039,110,6March

130913,513,8year973,15,0December

2207,99,5November3713,615,0October4619,218,7September7523,421,4August

24224,621,8July8522,121,7June

14018,216,8May5913,814,4April

1164,26,0February882,74,2January

mean

2014

mean

2004-2013

mean

2014

Month

NUMBER OF DAYS FAVOURABLE TO PM10 ACCUMULATIONTURIN AGGLOMERATION 2006-2014

173164

109 112

145137

130125

n.d.0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

NU

MB

ER

OF

DA

YS

NUMBER OF DAYS FAVOURABLE TO PM10 ACCUMULATIONTURIN AGGLOMERATION

2014 COMPARED WITH 2006-2013 PERIOD

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

NU

MB

ER

OF

DA

YS

Maximum - Minimum 2006-2013 2014

PARTICULATE MATTER

Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) is microscopic solid (or liquid) matter suspended in the atmosphere. There is growing epidemiological evidence that exposure to PM may increase chronic diseases of breathing apparatus, in particular asthma, bronchitis and emphysema.

In 2014 PM10 annual limit value for the protection of human health was exceeded only in one measuring station (the highest values are measured in traffic stations), nevertheless the daily limit value was exceeded in 9 stations out of 15. Only the stations located in the alpine valleys usually comply with this limit value, whereas in 2014 flatlands stations of Ivrea and Druento fulfilled it. Also PM2,5 showed an improvement because all stations fulfilled the annual limit value (25 µg/m3) except for Settimo T.se.

BENZENE

2,0Settimo

2,2Beinasco (TRM)1,4Borgaro

Limit value:5 µg/m3 annual mean

1,2Vinovo2,2To-Rubino2,5To-Rebaudengo1,0To-Lingotto2,0To-Consolata

Annual mean

(µg/m3)

BENZENE

2014

23Beinasco TRM (ß)

24To-Lingotto26Settimo

19Ivrea 22Chieri

Leinì data still undervalidationValore limite:25 µg/m3 annual mean

4Ceresole(ß)23Borgaro

Annual

mean(µ

g/m3)

PM2,5

2014

3

Ozone (O3) is a secondary pollutant. It is formed through a series of photochemical reactions involving nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds. Low concentrations of O3 may cause throat inflammation, breathing apparatus and eye irritation; higher concentrations can lead to respiratory function worsening.

The target value for the protection of human health (as an average for the last three years) is exceeded in all the monitoring stations of the province.

Time series essentially show a stability of the concentrations; annual variations are mainly due to different weather conditions.

OZONE

*Underestimate because of low data captureTO-Rebaudengo data still under validation

4730Beinasco TRM (ß)

8134Settimo

6132Collegno

Valori limite:40 µg/m3 annual average50 µg/m3 daily mean not to be exceeded more than 35 times a calendar year

5831To-Rubino5932To-Lingotto77*43To-Grassi7535To-Consolata116Susa

517Oulx 3525Leinì (ß)3023Ivrea 1119Druento

05Ceresole (ß)8236Carmagnola4431Borgaro

Exceeding

number

Annual

mean

(µg/m3)

PM10

2014

414Vinovoinformation threshold :180 µg/m3 hourly averageTarget value for the protection human health:120 µg/m3 maximum daily 8-hour mean not to exceed more than 25 days per calendar year averaged over three years

To-LingottoSusaPineroloOrbassanoLeinì IvreaDruentoChieri

Ceresole

BorgaroBaldissero

O3

2014

3992902905572623116026439

540

2747114

Number of

exceedances of the

target value for the

protection of human

health

Number of

exceedances of

information

threshold

035Carmagnola

038Beinasco TRM

035Settimo020Susa158To-Consolata041To-Lingotto070To-Rebaudengo039To-Rubino029Vinovo

Limit values:40 µg/m3 annual mean200 µg/m3 hourly mean not to be exceeded more than 18 times a calendar year.

028Pinerolo021Oulx032Orbassano030Leiní024Ivrea237Grugliasco015Druento047Collegno023Chieri04Ceresole

026Borgaro

031Beinasco014Baldissero

Exceeding

number

Annual mean

(µg/m3)

NO2

2014Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is considered one of the most dangerous air pollutant because it irritates the mucous membranes and it is a precursor of ozone and PM in photochemical processes. Diesel vehicles emission is the main source of NO2 and its derivates.

In 2014 the annual limit value was exceeded in 7 out of 22 stations but only the traffic stations of To-Rebaudengoand To-Consolata showed very high values. All the monitoring stations complied with the hourly limit value; the 200 µg/m3 threshold was exceeded only twice in Grugliasco station and once in Torino-Consolata one. The time series displays a slight decrease in concentrations over the last 30 years.

SULPHUR DIOXIDE

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colourless and odourless gas. It is mainly produced by the incomplete combustion of organic materials. The main source of CO is traffic and in particular gasoline vehicles.

Limit value is widely fulfilled. Time series analysis shows that CO concentrations have not substantially changed over the last 10 years, with annual means always below 2 mg/m3.

Sulphur dioxide (SO2) is the natural oxidation product of sulphur and compounds containing it. The main source is the combustion of fossil fuels like diesel oil , fuel oil and coal.

Time series analysis shows that ambient air concentrations of SO2

have complied with the limit values for the last twenty years

Limit values:125 µg/m3 daily mean not to be exceeded more than 24 times a calendar year;350 µg/m3 hourly mean not to be exceeded more than 24 times a calendar year.

247To-Rebaudengo197To-Consolata257Grugliasco

Maximum

hourly mean

(µg/m3)

Annual

mean

(µg/m3)

SO2

2014

3,43,2

3,8

3,51,92,71,81,0

Maximun

8h mean(mg/m3)

1,3To-Rebaudengo

Limi value:10 mg/m3 maximum daily 8 hour mean

1,3To-Rubino

1,3To-Consolata

1,1Settimo0,6Oulx0,6Leinì0,5Carmagnola0,4Baldissero

Annual

mean (mg/m3)

CO

2014

Heavy metals are a class of pollutants extremely widespread. Natural sources, like erosion or volcanic eruptions, can be the cause of their presence in air but also many human activities (traffic, metallurgical industry, combustion processes) have an important role. Heavy metals may affect human health in several ways depending on the kind of metal, the way of exposure and of course the quantity absorbed.

Nickel, Cadmium, Lead and Arsenic are metals with harmful effect on human health for which the Legislative Decree no. 155 of 13/08/2010 sets limit or target values.

These values are widely respected in all the monitoring sites for all metals. Time series shows that lead concentration in atmosphere have decreased around 300 times over the last 40 years and it is now stabilised at very low levels.

(*) Estimation based on the first 10 months of measurement

0,0083,10,130,7Beinasco TRM0,0063,50,140,7Borgaro

0,0144,90,260,7To-Rebaudengo

Limit value:

lead 0,5 µg/ m3 annual mean

Target value:

arsenic 6 ng/ m3 annual mean

cadmium 5 ng/ m3 annual mean

nickel 20 ng/ m3 annual mean

To-Rubino

To-Lingotto PM10To-GrassiTo-ConsolataSusaOulxIvrea DruentoCeresoleCarmagnola

Metals

2014

0,7

0,70,70,70,70,70,70,70,70,7

As

Annual

mean*

(ng/m3)

0,13

0,130,240,160,090,130,130,090,090,13

Cd

Annual

mean*

(ng/m3)

3,6

3,55,55,22,32,12,31,61,12,9

Ni

Annual

mean*

(ng/m3)

0,007

0,0070,0130,0080,0050,0020,0050,0040,0010,005

Pb

Annual

mean*

(µg/m3)

NITROGEN DIOXIDE

Benzene (C6H6) is an aromatic hydrocarbon mainly emitted from gasoline cars. It is classified as carcinogenic belonging to EU category 1-R45.

Measuring data show in 2014 fully compliance with the limit value for the protection of human health. Data collected in 2014 confirm the slight but steady decrease of concentrations which has been observed for the last 5 years

BENZO(a)PYRENE

HEAVY METALS

CARBON MONOXIDE

(*) Estimation based on the first 10 months of measurement

0,9Beinasco (TRM)0,8Borgaro

1,4Settimo

0,3Druento

0,6Susa0,8To-Consolata1,2To-Grassi0,8To-Lingotto1,2To-Rebaudengo

Target value:1 ng/m3 annual mean

0,8To-Rubino

0,6Oulx0,8Ivrea

0,1Ceresole0,9Carmagnola

Annual

mean*

(ng/m3)

B(a)P

2014

As regard the PAHs group, current legislation sets a target value only for benzo(a)pyrene. The IARC includes B(a)p in group 1, i.e."carcinogenic to humans".

The B(a)p 2014 annual means, estimated on the basis of first 10 months of measurement, are slightly higher than the one measured in previous years, especially in Turin urban area where 3 traffic stations are above the target value. Data will be confirmed when definitive annual means (including November and December measurements) will be available.

It’s relevant to point out, as a partial explanation of the concentration increasing, that in January 2014 the percentages of B(a)P adsorbed on PM10 are twice as great in comparison with previous years. Further investigations and evaluations are ongoing.

NO2 ANNUAL MEAN1991-2014

71

6165

62

52

4145 47

50 5045

5954

5153 53

4952 50

42

51

43 43 41

99102

97

103

118

99

90 90

82 83

7579

71

85

73

94

7166

7874 72 70

6570

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014µ

g/m

3

TO-Lingotto TO-Rebaudengo Limit Value

PM10 ANNUAL MEAN2000-2014

71

6367

64

58

6567

53 5351

43

5048

40

35

82

76 77

70 69 6971

66

6157

50

59

48

43

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

µµ µµg/m

³

TO-Consolata TO-Grassi Limit value

BENZENE ANNUAL MEAN 1996 - 2014

16,0

14,9

11,8

9,1

7,8 7,66,7

5,45,0

3,6 3,9 3,7 3,44,1 4

3,3

1,72,2 2,0

3,32,7 2,6 2,7

2,2

0

5

10

15

20

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

µµ µµg/m

3

To-Consolata To-Rubino Limit value

BENZO(a)PIRENE ANNUAL MEAN2000 - 2014

0,8

0,9

1,0

0,7

1,0

0,7

0,8

0,7

0,9

0,8

0,7

0,8

0,9 0,9

0,8

1,1

0,9

1,1

0,6 0,6

0,7

0,6

0,7

0,70,6

0,9

0,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

1,2

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

ng/m

3

CARMAGNOLA TO-CONSOLATA Target value

CO ANNUAL MEAN 1980 - 2014

9,8

8,78,9 8,9

8,1

7,0

6,46,6

6,2

4,85,1

4,54,1

3,8 3,93,6

3,4 3,53,2

2,6 2,72,4

2,21,9

1,31,5

1,1 1,1 1,11,5 1,4

1,6 1,71,3

0

2

4

6

8

10

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

mg/

m3

TO-Rebaudengo

SO2 MAXIMUM DAiLY MEAN 1972 - 20141644

1112

992

297

191154

88 86 58 53 59 33 28 33 40 22 17 24 29 23 10 19 16 14 15 13 140

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1972

1973

-197

5

1977

1976

-918

1

1982

1983

-198

6

1987

1988

-199

1

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

µg/m

³

TO-Consolata Limit value

LEAD ANNUAL MEAN1973 - 2014

2,3

2,6

2,42,3

2,1

1,5

1,1

0,28

0,07 0,04 0,03 0,04 0,04 0,05 0,03 0,0250,0160,016 0,0150,0120,0090,008

2,9

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

-199

4

1985

1986

-198

7

1988

1989

-199

2

1993

1994

-199

9

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

µg/m

3

TO-Consolata Limit value

O3 SUMMER MEAN (may - september) 2003 - 2014

128

108

101106 104

95

112

101 100 100104

95

87

70 71 70

7672

69 67 6770 70 68

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

(µg/

m3 )

Pino/Baldissero Torinese Torino - Lingotto