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AIR QUALITY IN PARIS REGION 2012
Summary
March 2013
Air quality in the Paris region 2012: summary
AIRPARIF – Air quality assessment network in
AIR QUALITY IN THE PARIS REGION
This report is an English summary of the annual report on ambient air quality in the Paris region. It gives an overview of the concentrations for the European Union regulated pollutants The complete report in French can be downloaded at http://www.airparif.asso.fr/_pdf/publications/bilan Air quality complete data in the Paris region chttp://www.airparif.asso.fr/telechargement/telechargement Annual pollution maps are available at All data, reports and studies made by AIRPARIF arewebsite. Any use of part of this report should mention “AIRPARIF Air quality
Cover illustration: roadside monitoring site
AIRPARIF -
7 rue Crillon 75004 PARIS
12: summary - March 2013
etwork in the Paris region
QUALITY IN THE PARIS REGION
2012
Summary
March 2013
This report is an English summary of the annual report on ambient air quality in the Paris region. It gives an overview of the concentrations for the European Union regulated pollutants during year 2012.
The complete report in French can be downloaded at http://www.airparif.asso.fr/_pdf/publications/bilan-2012.pdf
Air quality complete data in the Paris region can be found on AIRPARIF website http://www.airparif.asso.fr/telechargement/telechargement-statistique
Annual pollution maps are available at http://www.airparif.asso.fr/etat-air/bilan-annuel-cartes
All data, reports and studies made by AIRPARIF are publicly available. Full and free access is granted on AIRPARIF
Any use of part of this report should mention “AIRPARIF Air quality Assessment Network in the Paris Region”.
Cover illustration: roadside monitoring site Boulevard périphérique Est (photo AIRPARIF)
Contact us
Air quality assessment network in the Paris region
7 rue Crillon 75004 PARIS Phone +33 1 44 59 47 64 Fax +33 1 44 59
www.airparif.asso.fr
1
QUALITY IN THE PARIS REGION
This report is an English summary of the annual report on ambient air quality in the Paris region. It gives an overview of
cartes
. Full and free access is granted on AIRPARIF
Assessment Network in the Paris Region”.
59 47 67
Air quality in the Paris region 2012: summary - March 2013
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I. Key facts for 2012
Year 2012 confirms the overall stability of chronic pollution levels by particles, nitrogen dioxide,
ozone and benzene. These pollutants remain an issue in Ile-de-France regionwith quality
objectives and limit values frequently and substantially exceeded.
In 2012, weather conditions were characterized by a strong variability. During the first three
months, weather conditions were not favourable for atmospheric pollution: an intense cold wave
in February, followed by a very dry and sunny period in March. Therefore, the number of pollution
episodes during that time was important. The rest of the year was characterized by a cool and
rainy summer, except a late heat wave in August, and a mild and rainy autumn, leading to low
pollution levels. Mean levels in 2012 were slightly lower than those in 2011, but were still higher than
those recorded in 2008.
From one year to another, the variations of meteorological conditions could explain most of the
variation of major problematic pollutants levels in the Ile-de-France region. On the other hand,
trends over several years reflect the effects of the mitigation measure implementation and the
technologic evolutions.
� Even if the levels were slightly lower than in 2011, due to more dispersive weather conditions,
2012 confirms the overall stability of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels in the greater Paris urban
agglomeration for roadside levels. Away from the traffic, a slight decrease of the levels seems to
be confirmed in 2012.
Along main roads, the levels are in average twice the annual limit value. The limit value is thus
largely exceeded over a wide portion of the Ile-de-France road network, as almost 1,600 km of
roads are concerned. Levels slightly decrease at most sites in 2012. However, other sites are
continuously increasing, especially in the surrounding suburban areas. The limit value is also
exceeded at background sites, away from the traffic, in the centre of the agglomeration.
All in all, around 3 million Ile-de-France inhabitants were potentially exposed in 2012 to NO2 levels
exceeding the annual limit value.
After a period of stability, a slight decrease of background levels of nitrogen dioxide seems to be
observed over the past two years in the agglomeration. More stringent requirements for low
emission vehicles have certainly been a favourable factor, despite the fact that emission
standards are based on NOx and not on NO2. However, primary NO2 emissions from diesel-
powered vehicles are probably linked to a major issue on the evolution of nitrogen dioxide levels,
both at background and at roadside sites. Although the particulate filters that now equip most new
diesel vehicles contribute to reduce particulate emissions, those combined with oxidation catalyst
contribute to a significant increase in NO2 emissions. As a result, the proportion of NO2 in NOx
emissions has been increasing steadily from 1996 to 2010, with an indication of stabilization these
last two years, as indicated by observations made at roadside sites in Ile-de-France.
� Daily and annual limit values for PM10 particles are still greatly exceeded on roadside sites. In
2012, around 2.4 million inhabitants in the agglomeration living close to main roads were
potentially affected by the PM10 particles exceedance of the daily limit value. This is slightly less
than in 2011. In 2012, weather conditions were characterized by a strong variability: an intense
cold wave in February and an average high temperature in March, favourable to PM pollution
episodes but also both an early spring and a very rainy autumn. This has led to a lot of
exceedances of the 50 µg/m3 daily threshold for PM10, but only in the first four months of the year.
Therefore, 2012 average levels are overall below 2011.
For fine particles (PM2.5), in 2012, all the 11.7 million inhabitants of Ile-de-France were potentially
affected by air quality objective exceedance. Background levels away from road traffic were, on
average, 1.5 higher than the objective and up to three times higher on roadside situations. The
2012 limit value was exceeded near major roads, as monitored at the Paris ring-road and A1
highway stations.
� Concerning ozone levels, every year, the quality objective, is exceeded in all parts of the
region, and especially in sub-urban and rural areas. Except a short and late heat wave in August,
summer was overall not very sunny. Ozone levels in 2012 were rather stable compare to 2011, and
Air quality in the Paris region 2012: summary - March 2013
AIRPARIF – Air quality assessment network in the Paris region
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much lower than those recorded in 2003 and 2006, years in which there were long hot spells
(historical heatwave in August 2003).
� Benzene levels have, overall, been stable for several years, after a long period of reduction
which began at the end of the 1990’s. Although the quality objective for background is met
everywhere, this is not the case at roadside sites where the national quality objective is exceeded
on about 500 km of regional roads. Generally speaking, almost 300,000 Ile-de-France inhabitants,
in the agglomeration and at roadside situations, are potentially exposed to an exceedance of the
annual quality objective for benzene.
Concerning pollution episodes, the information and warning procedure was triggered 44 days in
2012. This significant important number is due to the modification of the regional alert procedure
at the end of 2011that set lower thresholds for PM10. Should similar thresholds had been kept, 2012
would have been similar to 2011.
Most of these episodes are due to PM10 (36 days of exceedance of the information warning
threshold), mainly occurring during the first four months of the year. The alert threshold has been
exceeded 4 times for PM10 in 2012. Three exceedances of the information threshold have been
recorded for ozone in summer, and only one for nitrogen dioxide.
Trend Standards to be met Non-binding standards
2000-2012 Limit value Quality objective Target value
Away
from
traffic
Roadside Away
from
traffic
Roadside Away
from
traffic
Roadside Away
from
traffic
Roadside
PM10 � � Met Exceeded Met Exceeded
PM2.5 � � Met Exceeded Exceeded Exceeded Met Exceeded
NO2 � � Exceeded Exceeded Exceeded Exceeded
O3 � Exceeded Met
Benzène � � Met Met Met Exceeded
Air quality in the Paris region 2012: summary - March 2013
AIRPARIF – Air quality assessment network in the Paris region
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II. Pollutants exceeding air quality standards
Nitrogen dioxide in brief
Nitrogen dioxide remains an important issue in Ile-de-France:
in 2012, around 3 million inhabitants living in the centre of the agglomeration were potentially
exposed to an exceedance of the annual limit value.
Recurrent limit value exceedances are recorded, especially near road traffic.
A slight decrease of background levels is observed between 2011 and 2012 due to weather
conditions more favourable to dispersion in 2012.
But after a significant decrease of background levels since the beginning of the 2000’s,
concentrations have been overall stable for several years.
The main source of nitrogen dioxide remains road traffic. Levels along major roads can be twice
higher than the air quality standards.
Near road traffic, no improvement is emerging and the increasing proportion of NO2 in NOx
emissions from diesel vehicles equipped with oxidation catalyzed particulate filters is leading to a
raise of mean NO2 concentrations on some sites.
Summary of air quality standards exceedances for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in Ile-de-France
very important > + 50 %important + 30 à + 50 %moderate + 10 à + 30 %
light 0 à + 10 %
exceedance intensity no exceedance
2012 2001-2011
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)Background
agglomerationRural
backgroundRoadside
Background agglomeration
Rural background Roadside
Annual limit value exceedance * 2003, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2011
every year
Hourly limit value exceedance * 2006 to 2011* considering margins of tolerance decreasing from year to year
41
12
108
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Background
agglomeration
Background
outside
agglomeration
Raodside
agglomeration
Co
nce
ntr
ati
on
s (µ
g/m
3)
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
Annual limit valueHighest monitoring station in 2012 in Ile-de-France
_____ Limit value
1 0
145
0
40
80
120
160
200
240
280
320
Background
agglomeration
Background
outside
agglomeration
Raodside
agglomeration
Nu
mb
er
of
ho
urs
ex
cee
din
g
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
Hourly limit value(number of hours exceeding the 200 µg/m3 threshold)
Highest monitoring station in 2012 in Ile-de-France
____ Limit value (18 exceedances)
Air quality in the Paris region 2012: summary - March 2013
AIRPARIF – Air quality assessment network in the Paris region
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Nitrogen dioxide
Figure 1: nitrogen dioxide (NO2) annual mean concentration for all monitoring sites in the Paris region in 2012
10893
919090
8378
7574
6964646464
6362
595858
5754
4846
4140
3939
3837373737
3636
35343434
3333
323131
3030
2928
2726
2523
2222
2116
129
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Boulevard périphérique AuteuilRN20 Montlhéry
Rue de RivoliRD7 Courbevoie
Autoroute A1 Saint-DenisPlace Victor Basch
Place de l'OpéraRN13 Saint-Germain-en-Laye
Place de la BastilleRN20 Montrouge
Porte de ClignancourtQuai des Célestins
Boulevard HaussmannAutoroute A6a Arcueil
Avenue des Champs ElyséesRue Bonaparte
RN2 PantinPlace Vaugirard - Convention
RN4 Champigny-sur-MarneRN302 VillemombleRN186 Choisy-le-Roi
RD910 SèvresRN6 Melun
Paris 18èmeParis Centre (4ème)
Neuilly-sur-SeineAubervilliers
Nogent-sur-MarneParis 7ème
Paris 12èmeLa Défense
BagnoletIvry-sur-Seine
Paris 6èmeSaint-Denis
Paris 13èmeIssy-les-Moulineaux
Vitry-sur-SeineBobignyCachan
GennevilliersVillemomble
Champigny-sur-MarneArgenteuil
EvryLognes
Tremblay-en-France (P)Gonesse (P)Montgeron
Versailles (P)Garches
Mantes-la-Jolie (P)Melun (P)
Cergy-PontoiseTour Eiffel 3ème étage
Zone rurale SO - Forêt de RambouilletZone rurale SE - Forêt de Fontainebleau
µg/m3
EU Limit value
40 µg/m3
roadside
continuous
sites
urban and suburban (S)
sbackground sites
rural background
sites
specific observation
site
random
sampling
roadside sites
Air quality in the Paris region 2012: summary - March 2013
AIRPARIF – Air quality assessment network in the Paris region
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Figure 2: nitrogen dioxide (NO2) annual mean concentration in the Paris region, background and roadside, focus on Paris and near suburbs, 2012
Figure 3: kilometres of main road network exceeding the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) EU annual limit value in the Paris region, 2007 to 2012
Figure 4: trend in surface area exceeding the annual limit value (40 µg/m3 in nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in the Paris region, 2007 to 2012
24502150 2210
19501590 1600
0
1 000
2 000
3 000
4 000
5 000
2007 2008 2009 2010* 2011* 2012*
kil
om
etr
es
of
roa
ds
ex
cee
din
g th
e
NO
2 a
nn
ua
l lim
it v
alu
e
330
280 290270
220 210
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
2007 2008 2009 2010* 2011* 2012*
Su
rfa
ce a
rea
(k
m2)
UE limit value :
40 µg/m3
µg/m3
Air quality in the Paris region 2012: summary - March 2013
AIRPARIF – Air quality assessment network in the Paris region
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Figure 5: millions of inhabitants potentially exposed to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) level exceeding EU annual limit value in the Paris region, 2007 to 2012
Figure 6: trend in the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) tri-annual mean concentration, sample of the same six urban background sites in the Paris agglomeration, 1992-1994 to 2010- 2012
Figure 7: trend in the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) tri-annual mean concentration, sample of the same five roadside sites in the Paris agglomeration, 1996-1998 to 2010- 2012
4.03.6 3.8 3.5
3.1 3.0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
2007 2008 2009 2010* 2011* 2012*
Inh
ab
ita
nts
(m
illi
on
s)
5456 57 56 57 56 55
5249 48
46 4542 41 40 40 40 39 38
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
19
92
-19
94
19
93
-19
95
19
94
-19
96
19
95
-19
97
19
96
-19
98
19
97
-19
99
19
98
-20
00
19
99
-20
01
20
00
-20
02
20
01
-20
03
20
02
-20
04
20
03
-20
05
20
04
-20
06
20
05
-20
07
20
06
-20
08
20
07
-20
09
20
08
-20
10
20
09
-20
11
20
10
-20
12
µg
/m3
85 85 84 84 83 84 83 84 83 84 84 85 86 87 85
0
20
40
60
80
100
1996-
1998
1997-
1999
1998-
2000
1999-
2001
2000-
2002
2001-
2003
2002-
2004
2003-
2005
2004-
2006
2005-
2007
2006-
2008
2007-
2009
2008-
2010
2009-
2011
2010-
2012
µg
/m3
Air quality in the Paris region 2012: summary - March 2013
AIRPARIF – Air quality assessment network in the Paris region
8
Figure 8: [NO2]/[NOx] ratio trend, averaged roadside sites in the Paris agglomeration (background level subtracted), 1998 to 2012
Figure 9: NO2 annual number of hours exceeding 200 µg/m3 for all continuous monitoring sites in the Paris region in 2012
9.0% 9.3%10.3%
11.3%12.6%
14.0%
15.5%16.9%
18.7%
20.6%21.7%
22.4%23.4%
24.0% 23.5%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
NO
2/N
Ox
(%)
1996-
1998
1997-
1999
1998-
2000
1999-
2001
2000-
2002
2001-
2003
2002-
2004
2003-
2005
2004-
20062005-
2007
2006-
20082007-
2009
2008-
20102009-
2011
2010-
2012
14513
1087
310000000000000000000000000000000
0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320
Boulevard périphérique AuteuilPlace Victor Basch
Autoroute A1 Saint-DenisPlace de l'Opéra
Quai des CélestinsBoulevard Haussmann
Vitry-sur-SeineAvenue des Champs Elysées
Rue BonaparteParis 7ème
Paris 18èmeEvry
RN6 MelunParis Centre (4ème)
Paris 12èmeParis 13ème
GennevilliersIssy-les-Moulineaux
La DéfenseNeuilly-sur-Seine
AubervilliersBagnoletBobigny
Saint-DenisTremblay-en-France (P)
VillemombleChampigny-sur-Marne
Ivry-sur-SeineLognes
Melun (P)Mantes-la-Jolie (P)
Versailles (P)MontgeronArgenteuil
Gonesse (P)Zone rurale Sud-Est - Forêt de Fontainebleau
Zone rurale Sud-Ouest - Forêt de RambouilletTour Eiffel 3ème étage
µg/m3
EU limit value
18 days of exceedence
roadside sites urban and suburban (S) background sites rural background sites specific observation site
Air quality in the Paris region 2012: summary - March 2013
AIRPARIF – Air quality assessment network in the Paris region
9
Particulate matter in brief
2.4 million inhabitants are potentially exposed to an exceedance of the PM10 daily limit value.
Recurrent and severe exceedances of PM10 limit value near traffic.
PM2.5 background levels are almost twice the quality objective threshold, and 3 times higher near
traffic. All the Ile-de-France inhabitants, that is to say 11.7 million people, would be exposed to an
exceedance of this threshold.
Summary of air quality standards exceedances for particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) in Ile-de-France
2012 2007-2011
Particulate Matter (PM10)Background
agglomerationRural
backgroundRoadside
Background agglomeration
Rural background Roadside
Annual quality objective exceedance 2007, 2009 : max
site = thresholdAnnual limit value exceedance
Daily limit value exceedancemax station =
threshold2007
2012 2007-2011
Particulate Matter (PM2,5)Background
agglomerationRural
backgroundRoadside
Background agglomeration
Rural background Roadside
Quality objective exceedance no measurement
no measurement
French target value exceedance no measurement
2007, 2009 no measurement
Limit value (2015) exceedance no measurement
no measurement every year
Limit value (2011) exceedance no measurement
non applicable
27
22
55
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Background
agglomeration
Background
outside
agglomeration
Raodside
agglomeration
Co
nce
ntr
ati
on
s (µ
g/m
3)
PM10
Quality objective and annual limit value
Highest monitoring station in 2012 in Ile-de-France
____ Limit value ____ Quality objective
3421
192
0
35
70
105
140
175
210
245
Background
agglomeration
Background
outside
agglomeration
Raodside
agglomeration
Nu
mb
er
of
da
ys
PM10
Daily limit value (number of days >= 50 µg/m3)
Highest monitoring station in 2012 in Ile-de-France
____ Limit value (35 days)
16
32
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Background
agglomeration
Raodside
agglomeration
Co
nce
ntr
ati
on
s (µ
g/m
3)
PM2,5
Annual limit value
Highest monitoring station in 2012 in Ile-de-France
____ Limit value 2012 ____ Limit value 2015
____ French target value ____ Quality objective
very important > + 50 %important + 30 à + 50 %moderate + 10 à + 30 %
light 0 à + 10 %
exceedance intensity no exceedance
Air quality in the Paris region 2012: summary - March 2013
AIRPARIF – Air quality assessment network in the Paris region
10
PM10 Particles
Figure 10: PM10 annual mean concentration for all continuous monitoring sites (TEOM FDMS) in the Paris region in 2012
Figure 11: PM10 annual number of days exceeding the 50 µg/m3 EU threshold for all continuous monitoring sites (TEOM FDMS) in the Paris region in 2012
5549
4241
4034
3332
2727
262626
252525
2424
232222
2120
19
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Autoroute A1 Saint-DenisBoulevard périphérique Auteuil
RN2 PantinAvenue des Champs Elysées
Place Victor BaschPlace de l'Opéra
Boulevard HaussmannRN6 Melun
GennevilliersParis Centre 4ème
La DéfenseParis 18ème
Vitry-sur-SeineBobigny
Gonesse (S)Tremblay-en-France (S)
Issy-les-MoulineauxCergy-Pontoise
LognesNogent-sur-Marne
Zone rurale Ouest - Prunay-le-TempleZone rurale Sud - Bois-Herpin
Zone rurale Sud-Est - Forêt de FontainebleauZone rurale Nord-Ouest - Frémainville
µg/m3
French annual quality objective
30 µg/m3
EU annual limit value
40 µg/m3
roadside sites urban & suburban (S) background sites rural background sites
192135
10674
715049
4334
292828272726252422212121
1717
14
0 35 70 105 140 175 210 245
Autoroute A1 Saint-DenisBoulevard périphérique Auteuil
RN2 PantinPlace Victor Basch
Avenue des Champs ElyséesPlace de l'Opéra
RN6 MelunBoulevard Haussmann
GennevilliersLa Défense
Paris 18èmeBobigny
Vitry-sur-SeineGonesse (S)
Cergy-PontoiseTremblay-en-France (S)
Issy-les-MoulineauxParis Centre 4ème
Nogent-sur-MarneZone rurale Ouest - Prunay-le-Temple
Zone rurale Sud - Bois-HerpinZone rurale Sud-Est - Forêt de Fontainebleau
Zone rurale Nord-Ouest - FrémainvilleLognes
Number of days
EU limit value
35 days of exceeding
roadside sites urban & suburban (S) background sites rural background sites
Air quality in the Paris region 2012: summary - March 2013
AIRPARIF – Air quality assessment network in the Paris region
11
Figure 12: PM10 annual mean concentration in the Paris region, background and roadside, focus on Paris and near suburbs, 2012
Figure 13: Kilometres of roads exceeding the PM10 daily limit value in the Paris region, 2007 to 2012
Figure 14: number of days exceeding PM10 50 µg/m3 threshold, average and highest background site
5110
2490
4070
1950
3520 3550
0
1 000
2 000
3 000
4 000
5 000
2007 2008 2009 2010* 2011* 2012*
Km
of
roa
ds
ex
cee
din
g
the
PM
10
da
iy li
mit
e v
alu
e
31
12
25
15
28
25
39
16
32
22
35 34
0
10
20
30
40
50
2007 2008 2009 2010* 2011* 2012*
Nu
mb
er
of
da
ys
>=
50
µg
/m3
Background sites average Highest background site
(µg/m3)
EU limit value
French
quality
objective
Air quality in the Paris region 2012: summary - March 2013
AIRPARIF – Air quality assessment network in the Paris region
12
Figure 15: Trend in surface area exceeding daily limit value in PM10 in the Paris region, 2007 to 2012
Figure 16: Risk of exceeding the EU daily limit value in PM10 in the Paris region, background and roadside
470
150
320
140
260 250
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
2007 2008 2009 2010* 2011* 2012*
Su
rfa
ce a
rea
(k
m2)
Risk to be over 35 days
exceeding 50 µg/m3 PM10
certain exceeding
likely exceeding
improbable
exceeding
No risk
Air quality in the Paris region 2012: summary - March 2013
AIRPARIF – Air quality assessment network in the Paris region
13
Figure 17: millions of inhabitants potentially exposed to PM10 level exceeding the EU daily limit value in the Paris region, 2007 to 2011
4,2
1,5
3,0
1,4
2,7
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
2007 2008 2009 2010* 2011*
inh
ab
ita
nts
(m
illi
on
s)
Air quality in the Paris region 2012: summary - March 2013
AIRPARIF – Air quality assessment network in the Paris region
14
PM2.5 Particles
Figure 18: PM2,5 annual mean concentration for all continuous monitoring sites (TEOM FDMS) in the Paris region in 2012
Figure 19: annual mean concentration of fine particles PM2,5 in the Paris region and focus on Paris and suburbs, background and roadside in 2012
32
29
20
16
16
16
15
0 10 20 30 40 50
Autoroute A1 Saint-
Denis
Boulevard
périphérique Auteuil
RN6 Melun
Paris Centre (4ème)
Bobigny
Vitry-sur-Seine
Gennevilliers
µg/m3
roadsite sites urban background sites
French quality objective : 10 µg/m3
EU limit value 2015 : 25 µg/m3
French target value 2010 : 20 µg/m3
EU limit value 2020 : 20 µg/m3
EU limit value 2012 : 27 µg/m3
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
µg/m3
Target value
20 µg/m3
Quality
objective
10 µg/m3
Limit value
2012: 27 µg/m3
Limit value
2015: 25 µg/m3
Air quality in the Paris region 2012: summary - March 2013
AIRPARIF – Air quality assessment network in the Paris region
15
Ozone in brief
Stabilization of the mean levels increase.
Many exceedances of the quality objective. They are less important than in 2011, despite a short
late heat wave in august, because main part of the summer was mild and rainy.
Summary of air quality standards exceedances for ozone (O3) in Ile-de-France
2012 2001-2011
Ozone (O3)Background
agglomerationRural
backgroundRoadside
Background agglomeration
Rural background Roadside
Quality objective exceedance (health)Long term objective applicable in 2020 (health)
no measurement every year every year no measurement
Target value exceedance applicable in 2012 (health) no measurement every year until 2006
every year until 2006
no measurement
Quality objective exceedance (vegetation)Long term objective applicable in 2020 (vegetation)
no measurement every year every year no measurement
Target value exceedance applicable in 2012 (vegetation) no measurement no measurement
12 12
0
10
20
30
40
50
Background
agglomeration
Background
outside
agglomeration
Nu
mb
er
of
da
ys
Ozone (O3) health
Quality objective and long-term objective
Highest monitoring station in 2012 in Ile-de-France
____ Quality objective and long-term objective
no exceeding day
1618
0
10
20
30
40
50
Background
agglomeration
Background
outside
agglomeration
Nu
mb
er
of
da
ys
Ozone (O3) health
Target value
Highest monitoring station in 2012 in Ile-de-France
____ Target value (25 days)
9396 9046
0
6000
12000
18000
24000
30000
Background
agglomeration
Background
outside
agglomeration
AO
T4
0 (
µg
/m3.h
)
Ozone (O3) vegetation
Quality objective and long-term objective
Highest monitoring station in 2012 in Ile-de-France
____ Quality objective
1117212364
0
3000
6000
9000
12000
15000
18000
21000
Background
agglomeration
Background
outside
agglomeration
AO
T4
0 (
µg
/m3.h
)
Ozone (O3) vegetation
Target value
Highest monitoring station in 2012 in Ile-de-France
____ Target value
very important > + 50 %important + 30 à + 50 %moderate + 10 à + 30 %
light 0 à + 10 %
exceedance intensity no exceedance
Air quality in the Paris region 2012: summary - March 2013
AIRPARIF – Air quality assessment network in the Paris region
16
Ozone
Figure 20: number of days exceeding the French quality objective (=EU long-term objective), threshold 120 µg/m3 8-hour mean, objective = no exceeding) for ozone (O3) in the Paris region, 2002 to 2012
Figure 21: number of days exceeding the threshold of the EU target value for protection of human health (120 µg/m3 8-hour average, not over 25 days of exceeding on a 3 years period) in the Paris region, for the highest monitoring site in urban and rural parts of the region, 1998-2000 to 2010-2012
18
2221
32 3234
27
2422
1415
16 16
2829
23
41
3839
3029
25
1617
18 18
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
1998-
2000
1999-
2001
2000-
2002
2001-
2003
2002-
2004
2003-
2005
2004-
2006
2005-
2007
2006-
2008
2007-
2009
2008-
2010
2009-
2011
2010-
2012
Nu
mb
er
of
da
ys
Paris agglomeration Rural part of the Paris regionEU target
value
for human
health
protection
25 days
Number of days
Quality objective =
0 day
2008 2007
2002 2003 2004 2005
2006 2009
2010 2011
2012
Air quality in the Paris region 2012: summary - March 2013
AIRPARIF – Air quality assessment network in the Paris region
17
Figure 22: number of days exceeding the threshold of the EU target value for protection of human health (120 µg/m3 8-hour average) in the Paris region (3 years average 2010-2012)
Figure 23: target value in ozone for the protection of vegetation (AOT40, threshold of 18000 µg/m3.h) in the Paris region (average 2008-2012)
18
18
16
16
16
16
15
15
14
14
14
13
13
13
11
11
11
10
9
8
8
7
7
nr
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Zone rurale Nord - Saint-Martin-du-Tertre
Zone rurale Nord-Est - Montgé-en-Goële
Zone rurale Nord-Ouest - Frémainville
Villemomble
Zone rurale Sud-Est - Forêt de Fontainebleau
Lognes
Tour Eiffel 3ème étage
Les Ulis (P)
Zone rurale Sud - Bois-Herpin
Cachan
Zone rurale Sud-Ouest - Forêt de Rambouillet
Cergy-Pontoise
Champigny-sur-Marne
Tremblay-en-France (S)
Montgeron
Mantes-la-Jolie (S)
Paris 13ème
Zone rurale Ouest - Prunay-le-Temple
Garches
Melun (S)
Zone rurale Est - Saints
Paris 18ème
Neuilly-sur-Seine
Paris Centre (4ème)
Number of days of exceedence
EU target value for
protection of human
health :
25 days(average over 3 years)
urban and suburban (S) sites rural background sites specific observation site
12364
11592
11246
11172
11025
10547
10326
10236
9977
9764
9741
9715
9626
9368
8914
8867
8859
8859
8604
8164
8150
7926
7445
7054
6489
5705
nr
0 3000 6000 9000 12000 15000 18000 21000
Zone rurale Nord - Saint-Martin-du-TertreZone rurale Sud - Bois-Herpin
Zone rurale Sud-Est - Forêt de FontainebleauLes Ulis (P)
Zone rurale Nord-Est - Montgé-en-GoëleVillemomble
LognesZone rurale Sud-Ouest - Forêt de Rambouillet
Zone rurale Nord-Ouest - FrémainvilleParis 6ème*
Cergy-PontoiseCachan
Gennevilliers*Tremblay-en-France (S)
GarchesParis 13ème
Champigny-sur-MarneMontgeron
Zone rurale Est - SaintsAubervilliers*
Mantes-la-Jolie (S)Melun (S)
Zone rurale Ouest - Prunay-le-TempleTour Eiffel 3ème étage
Paris 18èmeNeuilly-sur-Seine
Paris Centre (4ème)
µg/m3.h
EU target value for
protection of
végétation:
18000 µg/m3.h
(average
over 5 years)
urban and suburban (S) sites rural background sites specific observation site
Air quality in the Paris region 2012: summary - March 2013
AIRPARIF – Air quality assessment network in the Paris region
18
Figure 24: long-term objective in ozone (O3) for the protection of vegetation (AOT40, threshold of 6000 µg/m3.h) in the Paris region in 2012
9396
9046
8724
8342
7833
7781
7729
7688
7576
7460
7457
7455
7109
6930
6714
6587
6442
6420
5636
5565
4794
4734
4069
nr
0 3000 6000 9000 12000 15000 18000 21000
Les Ulis (S)
Zone rurale Sud-Ouest - Forêt de Rambouillet
Zone rurale Nord-Est - Montgé-en-Goële
Zone rurale Nord - Saint-Martin-du-Tertre
Zone rurale Sud - Bois-Herpin
Zone rurale Sud-Est - Forêt de Fontainebleau
Lognes
Zone rurale Nord-Ouest - Frémainville
Cachan
Villemomble
Champigny-sur-Marne
Tremblay-en-France (S)
Montgeron
Cergy-Pontoise
Garches
Mantes-la-Jolie (S)
Zone rurale Ouest - Prunay-le-Temple
Paris 13ème
Zone rurale Est - Saints
Paris Centre (4ème)
Neuilly-sur-Seine
Tour Eiffel 3ème étage
Paris 18ème
Melun (S)
µg/m3.h
Long term objective for protection of vegetation: 6000 µg/m3.h
urban and suburban (S) sites rural background sites specific observation site
Air quality in the Paris region 2012: summary - March 2013
AIRPARIF – Air quality assessment network in the Paris region
19
Benzene
Figure 25: annual mean concentration of benzene in the Paris region in 2012
Figure 26: trend in the benzene annual mean concentration on Place Victor Basch Paris roadside monitoring site, 1994 to 2012
Figure 27: trend in the benzene tri-annual mean concentration, sample of five to ten urban background sites in the Paris agglomeration, 1994-1996 to 2010- 2012
3.3
3
2.8
2.8
2.2
2.2
2
1.9
1.9
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Rue de Rivoli
Place Victor Basch
Place de la Bastille
Place de l'Opéra
RD7 Courbevoie
Boulevard Haussmann
Boulevard périphérique Auteuil
RN20 Montlhéry
RN2 Pantin
Paris 18ème
Saint-Denis
Gennevilliers
Issy-les-Moulineaux
Neuilly-sur-Seine
Nogent-sur-Marne
Vitry-sur-Seine
Aubervilliers
Paris Centre (4ème)
Gonesse (S)
µg/m3
continuous continuous
EU limit value: 5 µg/m3Quality objective: 2 µg/m3
random sampling sites random sampling sites
urban and suburban (S) sitesroadside sites
3028.5
26.6
23.5
18.7
14
10.18.7
7.56.4
5.4 4.6 4 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.3
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1994-
1996
1995-
1997
1996-
1998
1997-
1999
1998-
2000
1999-
2001
2000-
2002
2001-
2003
2002-
2004
2003-
2005
2004-
2006
2005-
2007
2006-
2008
2007-
2009
2008-
2010
2009-
2011
2010-
2012
µg
/m3
5.3 5.2
4.7
4.1
3
2.3
1.8 1.71.5
1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
19
94
-19
96
19
95
-19
97
19
96
-19
98
19
97
-19
99
19
98
-20
00
19
99
-20
01
20
00
-20
02
20
01
-20
03
20
02
-20
04
20
03
-20
05
20
04
-20
06
20
05
-20
07
20
06
-20
08
20
07
-20
09
20
08
-20
10
20
09
-20
11
20
10
-20
12
µg
/m3
Air quality in the Paris region 2012: summary - March 2013
AIRPARIF – Air quality assessment network in the Paris region
20
Figure 28: kilometres of main road network exceeding the benzene French quality objective (2 µg/m3) in the Paris region, 2007 to 2012
Figure 29: benzene annual mean concentration in the Paris region, background and roadside, focus on Paris and near suburbs, 2012
Figure 30: millions of inhabitants potentially exposed to an exceeding of the benzene French quality objective (2 µg/m3) in the Paris region, 2008 to 2012
11301290
890 800 740480
0
1 000
2 000
3 000
4 000
2007 2008 2009 2010* 2011* 2012*
kil
om
etr
es
of
roa
ds
ex
cee
din
g th
e
be
nze
ne
qu
ali
ty o
bje
ctiv
e
0.8 0.8 0.7 0.60.4 0.3
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
2007 2008 2009 2010* 2011* 2012*
inh
ab
ita
nts
(m
illi
on
s)
French
quality
objective
µg/m3
Air quality in the Paris region 2012: summary - March 2013
AIRPARIF – Air quality assessment network in the Paris region
21
III. Pollutants meeting air quality standards
Sulfur dioxide (SO2)
Figure 31: sulphur dioxide (SO2) annual mean concentration for all continuous monitoring sites in the Paris region in 2012
Figure 32: trend in the sulphur dioxide (SO2) tri-annual mean concentration, changing sample of urban background sites in the Paris agglomeration and roadside site on Paris ring road, 1991-1993 to 2010- 2012
1
2
1
1
1
0 10 20 30 40 50
Vitry-sur-Seine
Neuilly-sur-Seine
Aubervilliers
Boulevard périphérique Auteuil
Zone rurale Sud-Est - Forêt de
Fontainebleau
µg/m3
French
quality objective
50 µg/m3
roadside sites urban background sites rural background sites
2017
15 15 14 13 1210 9 8 8 8 7 6 6
4 3 3 2 2
32
2422 21
17 1613
118
5 4 3 2 2 1
0
10
20
30
40
19
91
-19
93
19
92
-19
94
19
93
-19
95
19
94
-19
96
19
95
-19
97
19
96
-19
98
19
97
-19
99
19
98
-20
00
19
99
-20
01
20
00
-20
02
20
01
-20
03
20
02
-20
04
20
03
-20
05
20
04
-20
06
20
05
-20
07
20
06
-20
08
20
07
-20
09
20
08
-20
10
20
09
-20
11
20
09
-20
12
µg
/m3
Background Paris agglomeration Roadside site Boulevard périphérique Auteuil
Air quality in the Paris region 2012: summary - March 2013
AIRPARIF – Air quality assessment network in the Paris region
22
Carbon monoxide (CO)
Figure 33: carbon monoxide (CO) annual mean and annual maximum 8-hour mean concentration for all continuous monitoring sites in the Paris region in 2012
Figure 34: trend in the carbon monoxide (CO) annual maximum 8-hour mean concentration, urban background sites and roadside sites in the Paris agglomeration, 1991 to 2012
300700 600 700
2000
2700 26002900
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
Aubervilliers Boulevard périphérique
Auteuil
Place Victor Basch Autoroute A1 Saint-Denis
µg
/m3
Annual mean Maximum 8-hours mean
EU limit value: 10000 µg/m3 for the maximum 8 hours mean
background sites roadside sites
22
40
0
33
60
0
26
30
0
27
00
0
18
20
0
16
60
0
14
70
0
17
70
0
10
90
0
99
00
79
00
67
00
59
00
49
00
42
00
45
00
48
00
30
00
33
00
23
00
29
00
25
00
24
00
25
00
28
00
29
00
35
00
18
00
27
00
15
00
19
00
16
00
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
µg
/m3
Roadside sites - Paris agglomeration Urban background sites - Paris agglomeration
EU limit value since 2002
10000 µg/m3
Air quality in the Paris region 2012: summary - March 2013
AIRPARIF – Air quality assessment network in the Paris region
23
Metals (Lead, Arsenic, Cadmium and Nickel)
Figure 35: trends in the lead annual mean concentration, urban background and roadside sites in Paris, 1991 to 2012
Figure 36: trends in the arsenic annual mean concentration, urban background and roadside sites in the Paris region, 1999 to 2012
0.7
0
na
0.4
0
na
0.3
4
0.2
6
0.2
9
0.2
1
0.1
5
0.0
5
0.0
3
0.0
3
0.0
3
0.0
3
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
1
0.0
1
0.0
1
0.0
1
0.0
1
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
*
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
**
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
µg
/m3
Place Victor Basch (road side) Paris (urban background)
* available data from 07/27/2001 to 12/31/2001 na : unavailable
** : end of monitoring at road traffic site Place Victor Basch on 12/31/2005
French quality objective : 0.25 µg/m3
EU limit value : 0.5 µg/m3
0.5
9
0.5
8
0.6
1 0.7
3
0.7
3
0.8
0
0.7
9
0.6
1
0.6
3
0.6
0
0.6
0
0.6
6
0.6
2
0.3
0
0.3
8
0.4
3
0.4
9
0.3
9
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
1999 2000 2001 * 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
ng
/m3
Place Victor Basch
(roadside)
Paris
(urban background)
* available data from 07/27/2001 to 12/31/2001
EU target value : 6 ng/m3
Air quality in the Paris region 2012: summary - March 2013
AIRPARIF – Air quality assessment network in the Paris region
24
Figure 37: trends in the cadmium annual mean concentration, urban background and roadside sites in the Paris region, 1999 to 2012
Figure 38: nickel annual mean concentration, urban background site in Paris, 2007 to 2012
0.6
8
0.6
0
0.6
0
0.5
4
0.5
4
0.4
3
0.4
20.5
1
0.4
7
0.3
6
0.3
7
0.3
4
0.2
8
0.1
9
0.1
8
0.2
4
0.2
2
0.1
6
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
1999 2000 2001 * 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
ng
/m3
Place Victor Basch
(roadside)
Paris
(urban background)
* available data from 07/27/2001 to 12/31/2001
EU target value : 5 ng/m3
2.57
2.132 2.01
1.53 1.52
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
ng
/m3
EU target value : 20 ng/m3
Air quality in the Paris region 2012: summary - March 2013
AIRPARIF – Air quality assessment network in the Paris region
25
Benzo(a)pyrene
Figure 39: benzo(a)pyrene annual mean concentration for all monitoring sites in the Paris region in 2012
Figure 40: trend in the benzo(a)pyrene annual mean concentration, urban background sites mean and roadside site in the Paris agglomeration, 1998 to 2012
0.17
0.25
0.17
0.24
0.32
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Paris Gennevilliers Neuilly-sur-Seine Vitry-sur-Seine Bd périphérique Auteuil
ng
/m
3
Roadside sites Urban background sites
EU target value : 1 ng/m3
0.6
4
0.2
8
0.1
5 0.2
2
0.2
1
0.2
6
0.2
6
0.3
2
0.2
0 0.2
8
0.2
4 0.3
1
0.2
6
0.2
7
0.2
1
1.5
5
1.2
8
0.8
6
0.9
0
0.6
8
0.6
8
0.6
6
0.6
7
0.4
9
0.4
9
0.4
3 0.5
1
0.4
1
0.3
9
0.3
2
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
ng
/m3
Urban background mean
(changing sample of urban background sites)
Boulevard périphérique Auteuil (roadside site)
Air quality in the Paris region 2012: summary - March 2013
AIRPARIF – Air quality assessment network in the Paris region
26
IV. Situation towards air quality standards in 2012
Figure 41: situation towards air quality standards in the Paris region in 2012
very important > + 50 %important + 30 à + 50 %moderate + 10 à + 30 %
light 0 à + 10 %
2012 2001-2011
Ozone (O3)Background
agglomerationRural
backgroundRoadside
Background agglomeration
Rural background Roadside
Quality objective exceedance (health)Long term objective applicable in 2020 (health)
no measurement every year every year no measurement
Target value exceedance applicable in 2012 (health) no measurement every year until 2006
every year until 2006
no measurement
Quality objective exceedance (vegetation)Long term objective applicable in 2020 (vegetation)
no measurement every year every year no measurement
Target value exceedance applicable in 2012 (vegetation) no measurement no measurement
2012 2001-2011
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)Background
agglomerationRural
backgroundRoadside
Background agglomeration
Rural background Roadside
Annual limit value exceedance * 2003, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2011
every year
Hourly limit value exceedance * 2006 to 2011* considering margins of tolerance decreasing from year to year
2012 2007-2011
Particulate Matter (PM10)Background
agglomerationRural
backgroundRoadside
Background agglomeration
Rural background Roadside
Annual quality objective exceedance 2007, 2009 : max
site = thresholdAnnual limit value exceedance
Daily limit value exceedancemax station =
threshold2007
2012 2007-2011
Particulate Matter (PM2,5)Background
agglomerationRural
backgroundRoadside
Background agglomeration
Rural background Roadside
Quality objective exceedance no measurement
no measurement
French target value exceedance no measurement
2007, 2009 no measurement
Limit value (2015) exceedance no measurement
no measurement every year
Limit value (2011) exceedance no measurement
non applicable
2012 2001-2011
BenzeneBackground
agglomerationRural
backgroundRoadside
Background agglomeration
Rural background Roadside
Quality objective exceedance no measurement
except 2001 no measurement every year
Limit value exceedance no measurement
no measurement
2012 2001-2011
Carbon monoxide (CO)Background
agglomerationRural
backgroundRoadside
Background agglomeration
Rural background Roadside
Quality objective exceedance no measurement
no measurement
Limit value exceedance no measurement
no measurement
2012 2001-2011
Sulfur dioxide (SO2)Background
agglomerationRural
backgroundRoadside
Background agglomeration
Rural background Roadside
Quality objective exceedanceHourly limit value exceedanceDaily limit value exceedance
2012 2001-2011
Benzo(a)pyreneBackground
agglomerationRural
backgroundRoadside
Background agglomeration
Rural background Roadside
Target value (2013) exceedance no measurement
no measurement
2012 2001-2011
LeadBackground
agglomerationRural
backgroundRoadside
Background agglomeration
Rural background Roadside
Quality objective exceedance no measurement
no measurement
Limit value exceedance no measurement
no measurement
2012 2001-2011
Arsenic, Cadmium, NickelBackground
agglomerationRural
backgroundRoadside
Background agglomeration
Rural background Roadside
Target value (2013) exceedance no measurement
no measurement no measurement
exceedance intensity no exceedance