AIPD Subcourse AV0603 Edition C: Airways Code Aviation Weather Report and Meteorological Terminal...

8/16/2019 AIPD Subcourse AV0603 Edition C: Airways Code Aviation Weather Report and Meteorological Terminal Aviation Re…

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AI RWAYS CODE AVI ATI ON WEATHER REPORT AND METEOROLOGI CAL TERMI NAL AVI ATI ON REPORT ( METAR) CODE

Subcour se Number AV0603

EDI TI ON C

Uni t ed St at es Ar my Avi at i on Cent erFor t Rucker , Al abama 36362- 5000

6 Cr edi t Hour s

Edi t i on Date: Sept ember 1993

SUBCOURSE OVERVIEW

Thi s cor r espondence cour se r ef l ect s how t o i dent i f y avi at i on weather

r epor t s and how t o decode al l i nf or mat i on cont ai ned i n each t ype.

No pr er equi si t es exi st f or t hi s subcour se.

Thi s subcour se r ef l ect s t he cur r ent doct r i ne when i t was prepar ed.I n your own wor k, al ways r ef er t o t he l at est publ i cat i ons.

Unl ess ot her wi se st at ed, t he mascul i ne gender of si ngul ar pr onounsr ef er s t o men and women.

NOTE: Ai r ways avi at i on weat her r epor t s and METARS have onl y one

space bet ween each ent r y i n a col l ect i ve; however , f or easi er r eadi ngi n t hi s subcour se, spaci ng has been i ncr eased i n some r epor t s t oaccommodat e t hose col l ect i ves cont ai ni ng f r act i ons.

TERMI NAL LEARNI NG OBJ ECTI VE

ACTI ON: You wi l l i dent i f y t he t ypes of avi at i on weat her r epor t sand decode al l i nf or mat i on cont ai ned i n each.

CONDI TI ON: You wi l l use t he mat er i al i n t hi s cor r espondence cour se.

STANDARD: To prove compet ency of t hi s t ask, you must achi eve ami ni mum of 70 percent on t he exami nat i on.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Sect i on Page

Lesson 1: AI RWAYS CODE AVI ATI ON WEATHER REPORT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

( Pr ogrammed Text ) Fr ame

Gener al I nf or mat i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Locat i on I dent i f i er . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 17 Type of Obser vat i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 19Revi ew . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 23Sky Condi t i on and Cei l i ng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 31Obscur at i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 14Revi ew . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 28Cei l i ngs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 30

Revi ew . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 40Vi si bi l i t y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 3Revi ew . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 15Pr eci pi t at i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 17Sea Level Pr essur e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 31Revi ew . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 35Sur f ace Temper at ur e and Dew Poi nt . . . . . . . . . . 62 39Wi nd Di rect i on and Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 43Al t i met er Set t i ng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 10Remar ks Sect i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 14

Pr act i ce Exer ci se . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Answer Key and Feedback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Lesson 2: METEOROLOGI CAL TERMI NAL AVI ATI ON REPORT . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

( Pr ogrammed Text ) Fr ame

Gener al I nf or mat i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 59Locat i on I dent i f i er . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 63Wi nd Di rect i on and Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 67Vi si bi l i t y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 64Runway Vi sual Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 66Pr esent Weat her . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 68Revi ew . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 70Cl oud Gr oup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 59 Temper at ure and Dew Poi nt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 64Al t i met er Set t i ng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 66

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Sect i on Fr ame Page

Cei l i ng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 68Remar ks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 70

Pr act i ce Exer ci se . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Answer Key and Feedback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

Appendi x: EXHI BI TS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

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LESSON 1

AI RWAYS CODE AVI ATI ON WEATHER REPORT

Cr i t i cal Task: 011- 144- 0010

OVERVIEW

LESSON DESCRI PTI ON:

I n t hi s l esson you wi l l l ear n t o decode t he ai r ways code avi at i onweat her r epor t t o i ncl ude r epor t i ng st at i on, t ype of r epor t , t i me,sky and cei l i ng, vi si bi l i t y, weat her phenomena and obst r uct i ons t ovi si on, sea l evel pr essur e, t emper at ur e and dew poi nt , wi nd di r ect i onand speed, al t i met er set t i ng, r unway vi sual r ange ( RVR) when i t i savai l abl e, and remar ks.

TERMI NAL LEARNI NG OBJ ECTI VE:

ACTI ON: I nt er pr et ai r ways code avi at i on weat her r epor t s.

CONDI TI ON: You wi l l use t he l esson t ext t o compl et e t he act i on.

STANDARD: You wi l l decode each i t emof i nf ormat i on on an ai r wayscode avi at i on weat her r epor t .

REFERENCE: The mat er i al i n t hi s l esson was der i ved f r om t hef ol l owi ng publ i cat i ons: DOD FLI P, GP; FAA Or der 7350. 5;

FM 1- 230; and I nt er nat i onal Ci vi l Avi at i on Or gani zat i on( I CAO) Document 7910.

SAFETY CONSI DERATI ONS: none

TRAI NI NG RI SK ASSESSMENT CODE: L

ENVI RONMENTAL CONSI DERATI ONS: none

INTRODUCTION

Avi at i on ci r cui t s gi ve t he f ast est way of col l ect i ng and r el ayi ngexi st i ng weat her condi t i on i nf or mat i on over a wi de ar ea. Theseci r cui t s al so ar e used f or checki ng weat her t r ends, changi ng andver i f yi ng f or ecast s, and addi ng i nf or mat i on t hat i s not r epor t ed asof t en. The f r equency of avi at i on weat her r epor t s makes t hem usef ult ool s f or t he avi at or and f or ecast er . I n your dut i es as an avi at i onoper at i ons speci al i st , you may see ai r ways code avi at i on weat herr epor t s and METARS on a dai l y basi s. Ther ef or e, you

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must under st and and be abl e t o i nt er pr et ( expl ai n) t he i nf or mat i onf ound i n t hese r epor t s. The pur pose of t hi s subcour se i s t o t eachyou how t o i dent i f y t he t ypes of avi at i on weat her r epor t s and how t odecode al l i nf or mat i on cont ai ned i n each r epor t .

THE PROGRAMMED TEXT ( PT) THAT FOLLOWS CONTAI NS 86 FRAMES.

THI S PT WI LL HELP YOU UNDERSTAND THE DI FFERENT PORTI ONS OF THE AI RWAYS CODE AVI ATI ON WEATHER REPORT. WRI TE OR CI RCLE THE ANSWER TO EACH QUESTI ON WI THI N EACH FRAME, AND CHECK YOUR ANSWER WI TH THE SOLUTI ON AT THE TOP OF THE NEXT FRAME.

BEFORE YOU BEGI N, REMOVE THE EXHI BI TS AT THE BACK OF THI SSUBCOURSE (PAGES 87 THROUGH 101) . BEGI N WI TH FRAME 1 ONPAGE 3 AND CONTI NUE WI TH THE FRAMES AT THE TOP OF THERI GHT- HAND ( ODD- NUMBERED) PAGES UNTI L GI VEN FURTHERI NSTRUCTI ONS.

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GENERAL I NFORMATI ON FRAME 1

I f you t hi nk about al l t he f act or s t hat cause i r r egul ar oper at i ons i nschedul ed mi l i t ar y f l i ght s, you wi l l pr obabl y f i nd t hat weather pr esent s t he most pr obl ems. Ther ef or e, i t i s necessar y t hat cur r ent ________________ i nf or mat i on be avai l abl e t o t hose personnel who

di spat ch or f l y mi l i t ary ai rcraf t .

*********************************************************************VI SI BI LI TY FRAME 44

The t hi r d par t of t he weather r epor t cont ai ns t he surface horizontalvisibility t hat i s r epor t ed by t he l ocat i on.

NOTE: One space i s l ef t bet ween t he sky condi t i on or cei l i ng ent r yand t he vi s i bi l i t y ent r y.

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ANSWER 1

weat her- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

FRAME 2

Observer s assembl e ( put t oget her ) sur f ace weat her obser vat i on

i nf or mat i on hour l y t hr oughout t he Uni t ed St at es. Thi s i nf or mat i on,t r ansmi t t ed ( sent ) over t el et ype or comput er ci r cui t s i n coded f or m,i s cal l ed an ai r ways code avi at i on weat her r epor t ( Exhi bi t 1) .

*********************************************************************ANSWER 44

No response r equi r ed.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -FRAME 45

The vi si bi l i t y i s r epor t ed i n statute miles and i n i ncrement s

( amount s) as shown bel ow.

Vi si bi l i t y l ess t han 3 mi l es- - f r acti on i ncl udedVi si bi l i t y 3 t o 15 mi l es- - near est mi l eVi si bi l i t y over 15 mi l es- - near est 5 mi l es

I n t he r epor t bel ow, Lawson Ar my Ai r f i el d ( AAF) ( LSF) i s r epor t i ng avi s i bi l i t y of __________mi l e.

LSF SA 1153 - X 8 - BKN E18 OVC 7/ 8 H

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ANSWER 23

No response r equi r ed.- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

FRAME 24

The hei ght of t he scat t er ed l ayer bel ow i s_________f eet AGL, t he

br oken l ayer i s___ ___ __f eet AGL, and t he over cast i s_________ f eetAGL. ( Remember t hat cl ouds ar e measured by t hei r bases, or t hel owest por t i on of t he cl ouds as shown i n t he di agr am bel ow. )

*********************************************************************ANSWER 66

190, 12, 25- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

FRAME 67

A squal l i s def i ned as a sudden i ncr ease i n wi nd speed of at l east 15knot s t o a sust ai ned speed of 20 knot s or mor e l ast i ng f or at l eastone mi nut e. The l et t er " Q" i s added af t er t he average wi nd speed andi s f ol l owed by t he peak speed of t he squal l .

I n t he f ol l owi ng r epor t , t he wi nd di r ect i on i s______ __ degr ees, t heaver age wi nd speed i s________knot s, and t he peak speed of t he squal li s________knot s.

BHM SP Ø431 E18 OVC 3TRW 132/ 82/ 76/ Ø515Q32/ 992

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ANSWER 2


FRAME 3

Bel ow i s an exampl e of a headi ng i n an ai r ways avi at i on weat her

r epor t .

NUMBER I NDI CATI NG A SECTI ON OF MI DDLE US. The sect i ons ar e number edf r om 1 at t he Canadi an bor der t o 8 at t he Gul f of Mexi co. Thesenumbers ar e used by the Nat i onal Weat her Servi ce (NWS) ci vi l i anobserver s. Ai r Weat her Ser vi ce mi l i t ar y ar eas pl ace a numer al 6 i nf r ont of t he number ( 61 t o 68) .*********************************************************************

ANSWER 45

7/ 8- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

FRAME 46

What i s t he cei l i ng and vi si bi l i t y at t he f ol l owi ng l ocat i ons?

ATL SA 1845 12 - BKN M25 OVC 4 RCEW SA 1853 W5 X 3/ 4 FCSG SA 1851 25 SCT 35- BKN 1/ 2 GF

VI SI BI LI TYCEI LI NG I N MI LES

ATL = _______________ _________ _______

CEW = ______ ______ _____ ______ _ ______ _

CSG = _______________ _________ _______

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ANSWER 24

500, 1, 000, 1, 500- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

FRAME 25

I n t he di agr am bel ow, t he f i r st l ayer above t he gr ound i s r epor t ed as

___________________, t he second l ayer wi l l be r epor t ed as __________,and t he t hi r d l ayer wi l l be r epor t ed as______ ______ _____ __.

*********************************************************************ANSWER 67

050, 15, 32- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

FRAME 68

STUDY: Exhi bi t 8

A pi l ot i s f l yi ng at 1, 500 f eet above t he sur f ace on a headi ng of 360degr ees. Ci r cl e t he l ocat i on over whi ch he woul d have t he mostdi r ect head wi nd.

LSF SA 1152 CLR 15 177/ 85/ 62/ 18Ø5/ ØØ3OZR SA 1148 M25 OVC 1Ø 146/ 73/ 53/ 3612/ 995SEM SA 115Ø - X 8 SCT 25 - BKN E3Ø OVC 3L- F 227/ 59/ 56/ ØØØØ/ Ø16

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ANSWER 3


FRAME 4

There ar e t wo t i mes l i st ed i n t he headi ng of an ai r ways avi at i on

weat her r epor t . One i s t he act ual t i me t he col l ect i ve r epor t i st r ansmi t t ed by KAWN. The other i s t he schedul ed hour l y r ecor dobservat i on t i me. The act ual observat i on t i me i mmedi at el y f ol l owst he t ype of r epor t .

*********************************************************************ANSWER 46

ATL = measur ed, 2, 500 over cast ; 4CEW = i ndef i ni t e, 500 obscur ed; 3/ 4CSG = no cei l i ng r epor t ed; 1/ 2

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -FRAME 47

What i s t he cei l i ng and vi si bi l i t y at t he f ol l owi ng l ocat i ons?

MGM SA 1952 M18 OVC 2 1/ 2 HOZR SA 1949 E25 BKN 7

VI SI BI LI TYCEI LI NG I N MI LES

MGM = _______________ ________ _______

OZR = _______________________ _______

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ANSWER 25

scat t er ed, br oken, over cast .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

FRAME 26

The hei ght of t he cl oud base i s r epor t ed i n hundr eds of f eet above

t he sur f ace. The f i gur e r epr esent i ng t he hei ght i s pl aced bef or e t hesky condi t i on symbol . The last two digits are left off. I f ascat t er ed l ayer of cl ouds i s 800 f eet above t he sur f ace, i t woul d ber epor t ed as 8 SCT. A br oken l ayer of cl ouds at 1, 500 f eet woul d ber epor t ed as 15 BKN.

*********************************************************************ANSWER 68

OZR ( The pi l ot i s f l yi ng t owar d 360 degr ees, and t he wi nd i s f r om 360degr ees at 12 knot s. )

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -ALTI METER SETTI NG FRAME 69

The al t i met er set t i ng i s t he next part of t he r epor t and i s separ at edf r om t he wi nd by a sl ant l i ne. The al t i met er set t i ng i s al waysr epor t ed i n t hr ee- di gi t number s and i s i nt er pr et ed much i n t he sameway as you di d t he sea l evel pr essur e ear l i er . You must mar k of f t wodeci mal poi nts and t hen add a numeral 2 or 3 ( whi chever wi l l make t hecompl et e f i gur e r ead near er t o 29.92 i nches of mercury [ " Hg] whi chi s t he st andar d pr essur e) i n f r ont of t he f i gur e.

I n t he f ol l owi ng r epor t , t he al t i met er set t i ng i s__________” Hg.

MOB SA 1754 CLR 15 2Ø2/ 63/ 47/ 18Ø5/ Ø12

ALTI METER SETTI NG

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ANSWER 4


FRAME 5

STUDY: Exhi bi t 3

Weat her st at i ons are di vi ded i nt o t hr ee ar eas i n t he Uni t ed St at es:West er n ( W) , Mi ddl e ( M) , and East er n ( E) . These ar e i dent i f i ed i n anhour l y weat her r eport as UW , UM , or UE. The U st ands f or Uni t edSt at es.

*********************************************************************

ANSWER 47

a. measured, 1, 800 over cast ; 2 1/ 2b. est i mat ed, 2, 500 br oken; 7- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

FRAME 48

The cei l i ng i n an ai r ways code avi at i on weather r epor t i s t he l owestsky condi t i on repor t ed as____________, _____________, or ___________and i s not cl assi f i ed as thi n ( - ) or par t i al .

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ANSWER 26


FRAME 27

How woul d the t wo l ayers of cl ouds shown bel ow be repor t ed?

_________________and____________________.

*********************************************************************ANSWER 69

30. 12- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

FRAME 70

What i s t he cei l i ng, vi si bi l i t y, and al t i met er set t i ng at each of t hel ocat i ons bel ow?

LSF SA 1852 W1 X 1/ 16 F 226/ 55/ 55/ ØØØØ/ Ø16SEM RS 1849 - X 9 - BKN M15 OVC 1/ 2 R- F 146/ 55/ 52/ 18Ø8/ 995

ALTI METERCEI LI NG VI SI BI LI TY SETTI NG

LSF ________________________ ________________ _____

SEM ________________________ ________________ _____

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ANSWER 5


FRAME 6

Avi at i on weat her r epor t s ar e i n Zul u ( Z) t i me. Avi at i on weat her

r epor t s wi l l not i ncl ude t he l et t er "Z" af t er t he f our di gi t s( number s) r epr esent i ng t he hour s i n t he dat e- t i me gr oup. However , i ti s al ways recor ded i n Zul u t i me.

*********************************************************************ANSWER 48

br oken, over cast , obscur ed.- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

FRAME 49

Ci r cl e t he ai r ways code avi at i on weather r epor t bel ow t hat mat chest he sky condi t i on i n the di agr am?

OZR SA 1253 5 SCT 12 SCT 25 SCT 2HOZR SA 1249 5 SCT M12 BKN 25 OVC 1 1/ 2 R

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ANSWER 27

5 SCT, 10 SCT- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -OBSCURATI ON FRAME 28

The abbrevi at i ons we have cover ed r epresent sky cover age by cl oudl ayer or l ayer s above t he sur f ace. Ther e ar e ot her condi t i ons t hatar e sur f ace based and ar e cal l ed obscur at i ons.

*********************************************************************

ANSWER 70

a. i ndef i ni t e 100 obscur ed, 1/ 16 mi l e; 30. 16" Hgb. measur ed 1, 500 overcast ; 1/ 2 mi l e; 29. 95" Hg

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -REMARKS SECTI ON FRAME 71

I mmedi at el y f ol l owi ng t he al t i met er set t i ng and separ at ed by a sl antl i ne i s the remarks sect i on. Thi s sect i on cont ai ns i nf or mat i onr epor t ed by pi l ot s; var i abl e cei l i ngs and vi si bi l i t i es; t i me t hat anypr eci pi t at i on began, ended, or bot h; RVR i nf or mat i on; t he amount ofany par t i al obscur at i on; and ot her i mpor t ant i nf or mat i on.

( Ref er t o Exhi bi t 9, I t em 29. ) I n t he r epor t bel ow, t he F4 i n t her emar ks sect i on i ndi cat es t hat t her e i s a par t i al obscur at i onobscur i ng______ __of t he sky.

OZR SA Ø75Ø - X 1Ø - BKN E25 OVC 1/ 2 L- F 132/ 75/ 73/ ØØØØ/ 992/ F4

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ANSWER 6


FRAME 7

The f ol l owi ng cal cul at i ons gi ve you l ocal t i me:

East ern St andard Ti me subt r act five hour sCent r al St andard Ti me subt r act six hour sMount ai n St andard Ti me subt r act seven hour sPaci f i c St andar d Ti me subt r act eight hour s

EXAMPLE: The t i me i s 1400Z, and you want t o know what t i me i t i s i nPaci f i c St andar d Ti me.

1400Z- 0800

0600 Paci f i c St andard Ti me

*********************************************************************ANSWER 49

OZR SA 1249- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -REVI EW FRAME 50

The f i r st par t of t he r epor t i s t he l ocat i on i dent i f i er ; t hesecond par t i s t he t ype of r epor t ; t he t hi r d par t i s t he act ual t i me

of t he obser vat i on; t he f our t h par t i s t he sky condi t i on and cei l i ng;t he f i f t h par t i s the vi s i bi l i t y; t he s i xt h par t i s f or _______________ and______________________.

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FRAME 29

I f f og, haze, smoke, or some ot her obscuration ext ends f r om t he

sur f ace upwar d ( t hus r est r i ct i ng t he vertical vi s i bi l i t y) , we woul dcal l i t a___________________________________.

*********************************************************************ANSWER 71

4/ 10- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

FRAME 72

( Ref er t o Exhi bi t s 6 and 9. ) I n t he r epor t bel ow, t he par t i al

obscur at i on i s caused by___________and___________. The condi t i on i sobscur i ng______ __of t he sky.

LSF SA 2251 - X 9 SCT 12 - BKN M25 OVC 2R- HK 132/ 64/ 56/ 24Ø8/ 992/ HK5

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ANSWER 7

No response r equi r ed.- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -LOCATI ON I DENTI FI ER FRAME 8

Now, l et ' s break down t he body of an ai r ways code avi at i on weat her

r epor t and st udy t he symbol s and l et t er s i n each ent r y. The f i r stpar t i s a t hr ee- l et t er gr oup. Thi s gr oup cont ai ns l et t er s thati dent i f y t he l ocat i on r epor t i ng t he i nf or mat i on and i s cal l edt he___________________________.

NOTE: Locat i on i dent i f i er s may be decoded by usi ng FAA Or der 7350. 5.

2311SAUE5 KAWN 1823ØØ

LI Z

RME

LOCATI ON I DENTI FI ER

*********************************************************************ANSWER 50

pr eci pi t at i on, obscur at i ons.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

PRECI PI TATI ON FRAME 51

( Ref er t o Exhi bi t 5. ) When pr eci pi t at i on i s f al l i ng, i t must ber epor t ed r egar dl ess of t he vi si bi l i t y.

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ANSWER 29

t ot al obscur at i on.- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

FRAME 30

An obscur at i on i s r epor t ed wi t h t he symbol "X" ( 10/ 10 of t he sky i s

obscur ed) . When you see t hi s symbol , you know t hat f og, dust , haze,or smoke i s sur f ace based and i s restr i ct i ng t he ver t i cal vi si bi l i t y.

*********************************************************************ANSWER 72

haze, smoke; 5/ 10- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

FRAME 73

0611

SAUM8 KAWN Ø5Ø6ØØ

OZR SA Ø551 - X 15 - BKN E25 OVC 2S 132/ 25/ 19/ ØØØØ/ 992/ SB25 LSF SA Ø553 5 - BKN M12 OVC 1/ 2 ZR 132/ 15/ 1Ø/ 36Ø8/ 992/ ZRB37

( Ref er t o Exhi bi t 9, I t em 2. ) The ai r ways code avi at i on weat herr epor t above was schedul ed f or t r ansmi ssi on on t he f i f t h day of t hemont h at 0600Z. At t hat t i me, i t was snowi ng. I n t he r emarkssect i on, t he ent r y "SB25" i ndi cat es t hat snow began f al l i ng at 25mi nut es past t he previous hour of t he repor t or t hat snow began atØ525Z.

Pr eci pi t at i on begi n f al l i ng at Lawson AAF ( LSF) at _____ ______ _____.

What t ype pr eci pi t at i on was i t ?______ ______ ______ _.

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ANSWER 8

l ocat i on i dent i f i er .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - TYPE OF OBSERVATI ON FRAME 9

( Ref er t o Exhi bi t s 1 and 2. ) Ther e ar e f our t ypes of ai r ways code

avi at i on weat her r epor t s: Recor d ( hour l y) , Recor d- Speci al , Speci al ,and Local . The t ypes of observat i on sent out on t el etype or comput erci r cui t s i ncl ude SA, RS, and SP.

a. Recor d ( hour l y) ( SA) i s t r ansmi t t ed ( sent ) ever y hour on t hehour and i s of t en cal l ed an hour l y repor t f or t hi s r eason.

b. Recor d- Speci al ( RS) i s sent on the hour t o i ndi cat e asi gni f i cant change i n t he weat her si nce t he l ast hour l y repor t .

*********************************************************************ANSWER 51


FRAME 52

What t ype pr eci pi t at i on i s bei ng r epor t ed by t he f ol l owi ng st at i ons?

NOTE: ( See Exhi bi t 2, code Tabl e 4. ) I nt ensi t i es f ol l owpr eci pi t at i on symbol s.

LSF = _________ _____________

OZR = ______________________

SEM = ______ _____ ______ _____

1211SAUM8 KAWN 1212ØØ

LSF SA 1149 - X 15 SCT M25 OVC 1/ 2 LOZR RS 1147 E7 OVC 3/ 4 RW

SEM SA 1152 8 - BKN E12 OVC 7/ 8 S

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FRAME 31

A br oken l ayer of cl ouds 300 f eet above t he sur f ace woul d be r eport ed

as 3 BKN. However , a sky condi t i on of 3 X woul d i ndi cat e that t hesky was compl et el y obscur ed by some sur f ace- based phenomena and t hatt he______ ______ _____ ______ ______was 300 f eet .

*********************************************************************

ANSWER 73

Ø537Z; f r eezi ng r ai n

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -FRAME 74

I n t he r epor t bel ow, t he par t i al obscur at i on i s caused by______ __. Thi s condi t i on i s obscur i ng_____________of t he sky. Cai r ns ( OZR)al so i s r epor t i ng r ai n shower s t hat began at ______ _____ _____.

Ø9Ø8SAUM8 KAWN 26Ø9ØØ

OZR SA Ø851 - X 8 SCT 12 - BKN E25 OVC 3/ 4 RWK 132/ 65/ 6Ø/2ØØ9/ 992/ RWB31 K3

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ANSWER 9


FRAME 10

c. Speci al ( SP) i s t aken and di st r i but ed as r equi r ed t o r epor t

si gni f i cant changes i n weat her condi t i ons bet ween hour l y r epor t s.

d. Local reflects changi ng condi t i ons si gni f i cant t o ai r f i el doper at i ons. Local s ar e, t her ef or e, passed t o l ocal agenci es onl y andar e not t r ansmi t t ed over t he t el et ype syst em unl ess t he Local meet st he requi r ement s of a Recor d or Speci al observat i on.

*********************************************************************ANSWER 52

LSF = dr i zzl eOZR = r ai n shower sSEM = snow- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

FRAME 5317Ø9

SAUM8 KAWN 2517ØØSEM SA 1653 25 SCT E3Ø OVC 2 1/ 2 ZR

Ci r cl e t he t ype pr eci pi t at i on bel ow t hat Cr ai g AFB ( SEM) i sr epor t i ng?

i ce pel l et s f r eezi ng r ai n r ai n and snow

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ANSWER 31

ver t i cal vi si bi l i t y- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

FRAME 32

When the sun, moon, st ar s, or hi gher cl ouds ar e vi si bl e t hr ough a

l ower cl oud l ayer , a mi nus si gn ( - ) i s pl aced i n f r ont of t he skycondi t i on abbr evi at i on t o i ndi cat e t hat t he cl oud l ayer i s t hi n.

EXAMPLE: The condi t i on bel ow woul d be r eport ed as 12 -SCT.

*********************************************************************ANSWER 74

smoke; 3/ 10; Ø831Z.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -FRAME 75

( Ref er t o Exhi bi t 9, I t em 18. ) I f t he cei l i ng, vi s i bi l i t y, or bot hi s r epor t ed as var i abl e, i t must be expl ai ned i n t he r emar ks sect i on.I n t he r epor t bel ow, t he l et t er "V" i ndi cat es t hat t he cei l i ng andvi s i bi l i t y are var i abl e.

OZR SA 1646 5 SCT M13V OVC 1VS+ 132/ 25/ 15/ 36Ø8/ 992/ SB25CIG 12V14 VSBY 1/4 V 1 1/2

I n the remar ks sect i on f or OZR, "VSBY 1/ 4 V 1 1/ 2" i ndi cat es t hat t hevi si bi l i t y i s var i abl e f r om 1/ 4 mi l e t o 1 1/ 2 mi l es, and "CI G 12V14"i ndi cat es t hat t he cei l i ng i s var i abl e f r om__________ f eet t o_____ f eet .

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ANSWER 10

No response r equi r ed.- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -REVI EW FRAME 11

1. The weat her r epor t i ng st at i ons i n t he Uni t ed St at es ar e di vi ded

i nt o_____________ar eas.

2. Mi l i t ar y st at i ons i n Al abama ar e i n ar ea______ _____.

*********************************************************************ANSWER 53

f r eezi ng r ai n- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

FRAME 54

STUDY: Exhi bi t 6

When an obscur at i on i s present , i t must be report ed when t he

vi s i bi l i t y i s repor t ed as 6 miles or less.

What t ype obscur at i on i s bei ng r epor t ed by t he f ol l owi ng st at i ons?

LSF = ___________OZR = ___________SEM = ______ _____

12Ø7SAUM8KAWNØ912ØØ

LSF RS 115Ø - X M12 BKN 3/ 4 KOZR SA 1154 5 SCT 12 - BKN E15 OVC 7/ 8 FSEM SA 1152 E12 BKN 15 OVC 3H

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FRAME 33

What ar e t he meani ngs bel ow?

15 - BKN = __________ __________________ .

8 - SCT = ______ _____ ______ ______ _____ .

*********************************************************************ANSWER 75

1, 200, 1, 400

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -FRAME 76

I n t he r epor t bel ow, t he cei l i ng i s var i abl e f r om______________ f eett o__________f eet . The vi si bi l i t y i s var i abl e f r om_____________ mi l et o__________mi l e.

OZR SA ØØ53 - X M8V OVC 3/ 4 F 132/ 34/ 33/ ØØØØ/ 992/ F3 CI G7V9 VSBY 1/ 4 V 7/ 8

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ANSWER 11

1. t hr ee2. UM- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

FRAME 12

3. Usi ng the exampl e bel ow, t he t ype of obser vat i on i s ______ ______ ,and t he act ual t i me of obser vat i on i s______ _____.

2311SAUE5 KAWN 1823ØØ

L1Z SA 2253RME

*********************************************************************ANSWER 54

LSF = smokeOZR = f ogSEM = haze- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

FRAME 55

What t ypes of pr eci pi t at i on and obscurat i on ar e bei ng r epor t ed by t hest at i ons bel ow?

PRECIPITATION OBSCURATION

LI Z _______________________ ___________

RME _______________ ________ _________ __

Ø712SAUE5 KAWN Ø6Ø7ØØ

LI Z SA Ø653 - X 6 - BKN M18 OVC 3L- FRME SA Ø651 - X 8 SCT M3Ø OVC 1/ 2 ZR- H

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15 - BKN = 1, 500, t hi n br oken8 - SCT = 800, t hi n scat t er ed

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -FRAME 34

When an obscur at i on i s i n patches and hi di ng part ( 1/ 10 or more butl ess t han 10/ 10) of t he sky, i t i s cal l ed a partial obscuration. Thi s i s r epor t ed wi t h a -X.

The base of a cl oud l ayer i s al ways above t he sur f ace of t he ear t h;however , t he base of an obscur at i on and a par t i al obscur at i on i sal ways on t he______ _____________of t he ear t h.

*********************************************************************ANSWER 76

700, 900; 1/ 4, 7/ 8- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

FRAME 77RVR i s t he maxi mum hor i zont al di st ance down a speci f i ed i nst r umentr unway at whi ch a pi l ot can see and i dent i f y st andar d hi gh i nt ensi t yr unway l i ght s. I t i s al ways det er mi ned usi ng a t r ansmi ssomet er andi s repor t ed i n hundr eds of f eet ( dr op t he l ast t wo di gi t s) . RVR i sr epor t ed dur i ng per i ods i n whi ch t he pr evai l i ng vi si bi l i t y i s 1 mi l eor l ess or t he RVR i s 6, 000 f eet or l ess.

EXAMPLE: R28VR38 woul d show t hat on Runway 28 t he RVR i s 3, 800 f eet .

( Ref er t o Exhi bi t 9, I t em 15. ) Expl ai n t he r emar ks sect i on of t her epor t bel ow f or OZR.

OZR SA Ø249 2Ø SCT M35 OVC 3/ 4 39/ 28/ 2922G32/ 981/ R32VR42

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ANSWER 12

3. SA or Recor d, 2253

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -FRAME 13

4. I n t he ai r ways code avi at i on weat her r epor t bel ow, t he col l ect i vewas t r ansmi t t ed over t he t el et ype or comput er ci r cui t s at _________Z.

5. The headi ng bel ow was t r ansmi t t ed on the______________ __ day of t hecur r ent mont h f or t he Recor d observat i on t i me of _________________Z or ____________Cent r al Standar d Ti me.

2Ø19SAUM8 KAWN 262ØØØ

CHA

CKLCSVDHN

*********************************************************************ANSWER 55

LI Z = l i ght dr i zzl e, f ogRME = l i ght f r eezi ng r ai n, haze- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

FRAME 56I dent i f y t he f ol l owi ng coded obscur at i ons t o vi si on.

BS = ____ ______________

GF = __________________

D = __________________

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sur f ace- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -REVI EW FRAME 35

The sky condi t i ons bei ng r epor t ed by st at i on LI Z ar e________________.

15Ø8SAUE5 KAWN Ø215ØØ

LI Z SA 1453 - X 15 SCTRME SA 1449 W5 XROC SA 1454 M8 BKN 15 OVC

*********************************************************************ANSWER 77

r unway 32; vi sual r ange 4, 200 f eet- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

FRAME 78

( Ref er t o al l exhi bi t s, as needed. ) Based on what you have l ear nedup t o now, expl ai n t he r epor t bel ow f or l ocat i on CEF st ar t i ng wi t hSA.

CEF SA 1951 M25 BKN 4Ø OVC 15 44/ 32/ 3118/ 991/ PRESRR WET RWY

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4. 2Ø195. 26th, 2ØØØ, 14ØØ- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

FRAME 14

6. The weat her r eport bel ow was t r ansmi t t ed by t el etype or comput erat _________ Z, and t he hour l y Recor d obser vat i on t i me i s __ _______Z.


ADNBTRELD

7. The st at i ons bel ow ar e i n ar ea______ _______. The r epor t was madeon t he ____________ day of t he cur r ent mont h at ______________Z.

233ØSAUM8 KAWN 2623ØØ

ANBBFMBHM

*********************************************************************

ANSWER 56

BS = bl owi ng snowGF = ground f ogD = dust- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

FRAME 57

From t he f ol l owi ng ai r ways code avi at i on weat her r epor t , t he hi ghestcei l i ng bei ng r epor t ed i s __________________________________. Thel ocat i on i ssui ng t he r epor t i s ______________.

1Ø14SAUM8 KAWN 181ØØØ

LSF SA Ø95Ø 8 SCT 12 - BKN 25 - OVCOZR SA Ø954 - X 1Ø - BKN M15 OVC 5FSEM SA Ø951 7 SCT 12 - BKN E14 BKN 4F

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ANSWER 35

par t i al obscur at i on, 1, 500 scat t er ed- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -CEI LI NGS FRAME 36

A cei l i ng i s t he l owest sky condi t i on r epor t ed as br oken ( BKN) ,

over cast ( OVC) , or obscur ed ( X) . I t i s NOT cl assi f i ed as t hi n orpar t i al . Thi s means that onl y t hr ee of t he cont r act i ons we havel ear ned wi l l const i t ut e a cei l i ng.

*********************************************************************ANSWER 78

r ecor d observat i on; act ual t i me of observat i on 1951; measured 2, 500br oken; 4, 000 over cast ; vi si bi l i t y 15 mi l es; t emper at ur e 44ºF; dewpoi nt 32ºF; wi nd 310 degr ees at 18 knot s; al t i met er set t i ng 29. 91"Hg; pr essur e r i si ng r api dl y; wet r unway.- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

FRAME 79

The r epor t bel ow f r om Cai r ns AAF ( OZR) was t r ansmi t t ed by KAWN at ________Z. At t hat t i me, no preci pi t at i on was f al l i ng at t hel ocat i on; but t he hour bef or e rai n began at _________Z and ended at ________Z.

191ØSAUM8 KAWN Ø819ØØ

OZR SA 1847 M12 OVC 8 151/ 82/ 65/ 2415/ Ø3/ RB18E27

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ANSWER 14

6. 1917, 19ØØ7. UM; 26t h, 23ØØ- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -SKY CONDI TI ON AND CEI LI NG FRAME 15

Af t er t he act ual t i me of observat i on, we f i nd a gr oup of number s andl et t er s t hat gi ve i nf or mat i on about t he______ ______ _____ ____ and _________________.

233ØSAUE5 KAWN 1823ØØ

LI Z SA 2253 -X 15 SCT M 18 BKN 35 OVC RME SA 2248 E12 BKN 45 OVC

SKY CONDI TI ON AND CEI LI NG

*********************************************************************ANSWER 57

1, 500 f eet over cast ; OZR.- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -SEA LEVEL PRESSURE FRAME 58

The next i t em t o be st udi ed i s t he sea l evel pressure. Thi s pressure

i s repor t ed as a t hr ee- di gi t number . A space i s l ef t bet ween t hepr eci pi t at i on or obscur at i on ent r y and sea l evel pr essur e ent r y ont he r epor t .

NOTE: Mi l i t ar y st at i ons onl y t r ansmi t pr essur e i n mi l l i bar s ever yt hr ee hour s begi nni ng at 0000Z. Ci vi l st at i ons i ncl ude pr essur ei nf or mat i on i n each hour l y t r ansmi ssi on.

15Ø5SAUM8 KAWN 1215ØØ

OZR SA 1448 25 SCT M35 OVC 3L- F 132/ 65/ 6Ø/ 18Ø5/ 992

SEA LEVEL PRESSURE

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ANSWER 36


FRAME 37

Ci r cl e t he sky condi t i on symbol s bel ow t hat const i t ut e cei l i ngs?

X CLR - BKN

- X OVC - OVC

BKN SCT - SCT

*********************************************************************ANSWER 79

1910; 1818, 1827- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

FRAME 80

( Ref er t o Exhi bi t 9. ) Locat i on OZR i s repor t i ng cl ear ski es.However , t her e i s a__________________________of t he f i el d.

Ø911SAUM8 KAWN 17Ø9ØØ

OZR SA Ø848 CLR 1Ø 132/ 65/ 62/ ØØØØ/ 992/ F BNK S

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ANSWER 15

sky condi t i on, cei l i ng.- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

FRAME 16

I nf or mat i on about t he sky condi t i on i s r epor t ed i n coded f or m by

usi ng abbr evi at i ons, number s, and l et t er s. Let ' s l ook at t heabbr evi at i ons f i r st .

The abbrevi at i on CLR i ndi cat es t hat t he sky i s________________or t hatt her e i s l ess t han 1/ 10t h cl oud cover age.

*********************************************************************ANSWER 58


FRAME 59

STUDY: Exhi bi t 7

St andar d sea l evel pr essur e i s 1013. 2 mi l l i bar s (mb) . To i nt er pr ett he coded t hr ee- di gi t number i n t he repor t , one deci mal poi nt must bemarked of f and a 9 or a 10 added ( whi chever wi l l make t he compl et ef i gur e r ead near er t o 1013. 2 mb) i n f r ont of t he f i gur e.

Wr i t e t he f ol l owi ng sea l evel pr essur e r epor t s:

135 = __ ____________

803 = __ ____________

910 = __ ____________

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ANSWER 37

X, BKN, and OVC- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

FRAME 38

STUDY: Exhi bi t 4

The cei l i ng i s i dent i f i ed by t he abbrevi at i on f or broken or overcastor by t he cont r act i on X f or obscur at i on. A ceiling designator i s puti n f r ont of t he cei l i ng hei ght t o show t he met hod used t o det er mi net he hei ght of t he cei l i ng.

NOTE: Onl y one cei l i ng wi l l exi st; t her ef or e, onl y one l et t er wi l lbe used i n t he repor t .

*********************************************************************ANSWER 80

f og bank sout h- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

FRAME 81

( Ref er t o Exhi bi t 9. ) I dent i f y t he r emar ks i n t he r epor t s:

LSF = ______ _____ ______ ______ _____ ______ ______ _____ ______ ______

OZR = ______ _____ ______ ______ _____ ______ ______ _____ ______ ______

11Ø5SAUM8 KAWN Ø611ØØ

LSF SA 1Ø52 - X M25 OVC 3/ 4 L- F 132/ 55/ 53/ ØØØØ/ 992/ R18VR12LB27 F4

OZR SA 1Ø54 CLR 15 132/ 74/ 63/ 18Ø5/ 992/ FROPA 1Ø28Z PRESFR

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ANSWER 16

cl ear- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

FRAME 17

I f t he sky i s cl ear , or i f l ess t han 1/ 10t h of t he sky i s hi dden by

cl ouds, i t i s repor t ed by usi ng t he abbr evi at i on_____ ______ ____.

*********************************************************************ANSWER 59

135 = 1013. 5803 = 980. 3

910 = 991. 0- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -REVI EW FRAME 60

1. What sea l evel pr essure i s bei ng r epor t ed by t he f ol l owi ngl ocat i ons bel ow?

NGU = ________ _____________

NZW = _________ ____________

NGU SA 1849 4Ø SCT E1ØØ OVC 7 Ø78NZW SA 1851 E5Ø OVC 4R- Ø98

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ANSWER 38


FRAME 39

Gi ve t he met hod used t o det er mi ne the hei ght of t he cei l i ngs bel ow.

BED = ___________________________

DOV = ___________________________

LI Z = ______ _____ ______ ______ ____

RME = ___________________________

22Ø7SAUE5 KAWN 1622ØØ

BED SA 2152 25 - BKN M4Ø OVCDOV RS 2149 W2 XLI Z SA 2154 45 - BKN M15Ø OVCRME SA 215Ø 12 SCT E35 BKN

*********************************************************************ANSWER 81

LSF = r unway 18, vi sual r ange 1, 200 f eet , dr i zzl e began at 1027Z, f ogobscur i ng 4/ 10 of t he sky

OZR = f r ont al passage 1028Z, pr essure f al l i ng r api dl y

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -FRAME 82

Whi ch l ocat i on i s r epor t i ng a cei l i ng of 500 f eet ?______ ______ _____

OZR SA 235Ø - X 5 - BKN 2F 132/ 54/ 53/ ØØØØ/ 992/ F5VPS RS 2346 W5 X 1F 132/ 63/ 63/ 18Ø7/ 992/ F BNK WSEM SA 2349 M15 OVC 1Ø 132/ 85/ 72/ 24Ø9/ 992LSF SA 2348 5 - OVC 8 132/ 55/ 41/ 191Ø/ 992

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ANSWER 17

CLR.- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

FRAME 18

When cl ouds are hi di ng 1/ 10t h t hr ough 5/ 10t h of t he sky, i t i s

r epor t ed usi ng t he abbr evi at i on SCT and i s r ead as_______________.

*********************************************************************ANSWER 60

1. NGU = 1007. 8; NZW = 1009. 8

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -FRAME 61

2. What i s t he cei l i ng, vi si bi l i t y, and sea l evel pr essur e at t hel ocat i on bel ow?

CEILING VISIBILITY PRESSURE

_________________ __________ ________

VAD SA 1353 M12 BKN 4K 997/ 52/ 41/ 36Ø5/ 935

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ANSWER 18

scat t er ed.- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

FRAME 19

I f t he cover age of t wo or mor e gr oups of cl ouds at the same altitude

i s hi di ng 1/ 10t h t hr ough 5/ 10t h of t he sky, i t woul d be r epor t ed i nan ai r ways code avi at i on weat her r epor t as a ___ ______ ______ l ayer .

*********************************************************************ANSWER 61

2. 1200 br oken, 4 mi l es, 999. 7 mb

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -SURFACE TEMPERATURE AND DEW POI NT FRAME 62

The next f i gur es i n t he r epor t ar e t he sur f ace t emper at ure and dewpoi nt . Bot h ar e r epor t ed i n degr ees Fahr enhei t ( °F) and ar esepar at ed by a sl ant l i ne ( / ) .

I n t he f ol l owi ng r epor t , t he t emper at ur e i s ___________ _, and t he dewpoi nt i s ____________.

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ANSWER 40

BHM = E5Ø BKNBNA = E25Ø OVCCHA = M23 BKN- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -REVI EW FRAME 41

1. A cei l i ng i s t he l owest sky condi t i on r epor t ed as_____ ______ __, _____________, or ______________and i s not cl ass i f i ed as __________or _____________.

2. The cei l i ng hei ght i s pr eceded by a l et t er t hat i s cal l ed a _______________________.

*********************************************************************ANSWER 83

est i mat ed 2, 500 over cast ; 2 mi l es; 29. 92" Hg- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

FRAME 84

OZR SA 1551 - X 4 - BKN M8 OVC 3K 132/ 66/ 52/ ØØØØ/ 992/ K4SEM SA 1554 W3 X 3/ 4 K 2Ø2/ 63/ 51/ 18Ø5/ Ø12VPS SA 1547 5 SCT M1Ø BKN 3 226/ 55/ 49/ 19Ø9/ Ø16/ LB27CBM SA 1549 5 - OVC 2R 146/ 25/ 17/ 3612/ 995/ RB15

____________i s r epor t i ng a cei l i ng of l ess t han 500 f eet , and ____________i s r epor t i ng a vi si bi l i t y of l ess t han 2 mi l es.

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ANSWER 19

scat t er ed- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

FRAME 20

I f a cover age of t wo or mor e l ayer s of cl ouds i s hi di ng 1/ 10 t hr ough

5/ 10t h of t he sky, i t woul d be r epor t ed i n an ai r ways code avi at i onweat her r epor t as ___________scat t er ed l ayer s.

*********************************************************************ANSWER 62

73ºF, 69ºF- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

FRAME 63

I f t he t emper at ur e i s pl us 82ºF and t he dew poi nt i s pl us 61°F, t heywoul d appear on t he r epor t as 82/61.

I f t he t emper at ur e i s minus 15ºF and the dew poi nt i s minus 20ºF,t hey woul d be r eport ed as - 15/ - 20.

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ANSWER 41

1. br oken, over cast , obscur ed, t hi n, par t i al2. cei l i ng desi gnat or .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

FRAME 42

3. Whi ch l ocat i on bel ow i s repor t i ng an est i mat ed cei l i ng of 30, 000f eet over cast ? __________ ______

4. Ci r cl e t he l ocat i on t hat i s not r epor t i ng a cei l i ng?

1711SAUE8 KAWN 1217ØØØ

ABY SA 165Ø 25 - BKNAGS SA 1651 E3ØØ OVCAHN SA 1654 M15Ø OVC

AMG SA 1646 15 SCT E15Ø OVCATL SA 1651 25 SCT M25Ø OVCCEW SA 1652 25 - BKN M25Ø OVC

*********************************************************************ANSWER 84

SEM ( i ndef i ni t e 300 obscur ed) , SEM ( 3/ 4 mi l e)- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -FRAME 85

Ci r cl e t he l ocat i on bel ow t hat i s r epor t i ng snow.

CBM SA Ø548 M12 OVC 3L 132/ 34/ 23/ 36Ø7/ 992/ LB24OZR SA Ø553 M12 OVC 4R 132/ 23/ 18/ 36Ø7/ 992VPS SA Ø551 M12 OVC 3S 132/ 19/ 17/ 28Ø5/ 962/ SB24

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ANSWER 20

t wo- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

FRAME 21

The t hi r d sky condi t i on abbrevi at i on i s BKN. Thi s abbr evi at i on i s

used t o repor t one or mor e l ayer s of cl ouds t hat ar e hi di ng 6/ 10t ht hr ough 9/ 10t h of t he sky.

Thi s symbol i s r ead as _____________.

*********************************************************************ANSWER 63

No response r equi r ed.- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -WI ND DI RECTI ON AND SPEED FRAME 64

Nor mal l y, sur f ace wi nd i s repor t ed usi ng f our number s. The f i r st t woshow t he wi nd di r ect i on, and t he second t wo show t he wi nd speed. I ft he wi nd i s f r om 340 degr ees, i t i s repor t ed as 34. I f t he wi nd i sbl owi ng at 10 knot s, i t i s r epor t ed as 10. I f t he wi nd i s bl owi ngf r om 180 degr ees at 8 knot s, i t wi l l be repor t ed as 18Ø8.

I n t he r epor t bel ow, t he wi nd di r ect i on i s f r om__________degr ees, and

t he wi nd speed i s________knot s.

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ANSWER 42

3. AGS4. ABY- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

FRAME 43

5. Whi ch l ocat i on i s r epor t i ng a ceiling of 25, 000 f eet ? ____ _____

Ø513SAUM8 KAWN Ø9Ø5ØØ

CBM SA Ø449 - X M25 OVC 3R-LSF RS Ø448 E25Ø OVC 15OZR SA Ø452 8 SCT 25 - BKN M28 OVC 7VPS SA Ø451 25Ø - BKN 1Ø

*********************************************************************ANSWER 85

VPS- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

FRAME 86Expl ai n the remar ks bel ow.

CBM SA Ø748 E25 BKN 8 132/ 75/ 64/ 1815G25/ 992/ PI REP LGT TO MDT CAT18Ø T- 37

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ANSWER 21

br oken.- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

FRAME 22

When t he sky i s hi dden by over 9/ 10t h cl oud cover age, i t i s r epor t ed

wi t h t he abbr evi at i on OVC and i s r ead as_______________ _______.

********************************************************************ANSWER 64

270, 15

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -FRAME 65

The wi nd di r ect i on i s r epor t ed t o t he near est 10 degrees, and wi ndspeed i s r epor t ed t o t he near est knot . However , i f t he wi nd i s cal m( no wi nd) , i t i s r epor t ed by the ent r y_________________.

NOTE: When any par t of t he wi nd r epor t i s estimated (di rect i on,speed, peak speed i n gust s or squal l s) , t he l et t er "E" pr ecedest he wi nd gr oup.

LSF SA 1948 25 SCT M35 OVC 8 132/ 75/ 52/ ØØØØ/ 992

CALM WIND

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ANSWER 43

5. LSF- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

RETURN TO PAGE 3 FOR FRAME 44. CONTI NUE WI TH FRAMES AT THE TOP OF THE RI GHT- HAND ( ODD- NUMBERED) PAGES.

*********************************************************************ANSWER 86

Pi l ot r epor t s l i ght t o moder at e cl ear ai r t ur bul ence at 18, 000 f eet .Pi l ot i s f l yi ng a T- 37 ai rc raf t .

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

I F YOU THOROUGHLY UNDERSTAND AI RWAYS CODE AVI ATI ON WEATHERREPORTS, CONTI NUE WI TH THE PRACTI CE EXERCI SE ON PAGE 49.

I F YOU DO NOT UNDERSTAND THE AI RWAYS CODE AVI ATI ON WEATHERREPORT, RETURN TO FRAME 1 ON PAGE 3 AND REWORK THE PT.

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ANSWER 22

over cast .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

TURN TO PAGE 4 FOR FRAME 23. CONTI NUE WI TH THE FRAMES AT THE TOP OF THE LEFT- HAND ( EVEN- NUMBERED) PAGES.

*********************************************************************ANSWER 65

ØØØØ

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

RETURN TO PAGE 4 FOR FRAME 66. CONTI NUE WI TH THE FRAMES AT THE BOTTOM OF THE LEFT- HAND ( EVEN- NUMBERED) PAGES.

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LESSON 1

PRACTICE EXERCISE

The f ol l owi ng i t ems wi l l t est your grasp of t he l esson mat er i al .Each i t emhas onl y one cor r ect answer . When you compl ete t heexer ci se, check your answer s wi t h t he answer key t hat f ol l ows. I f

you answer any i t em i ncor r ect l y, r est udy that par t of t he l esson.

REQUIREMENT: Sol ve 1 t hr ough 3 by sel ect i ng t he cor r ect answer s.

1. I n ai r ways code avi at i on weat her r epor t s, cl oud bases ar e gi ven i nhundr eds of

A. met er s above sea l evel ( ASL) .B. meters AGL.C. f eet AGL.D. f eet ASL.

2. Whi ch symbol i ndi cat es a t ot al obscur at i on of t he sky t hat i scaused by a sur f ace- based phenomena?

A. EB. M

C. XD. - X

3. The t hr ee sky condi t i ons t hat const i t ut e a cei l i ng ar e br oken,

A. over cast , or obscur ed.B. scat t er ed, or obscur ed.C. scat t er ed, or over cast .D. scat t er ed, over cast , or obscur ed.

REQUIREMENT: Sol ve 4 t hr ough 13 by usi ng t he f ol l owi ng r epor t :


ATL SA 1451 E12 OVC 3ZR 1Ø8/ 26/ 17/ 32Ø7/ 986/ ZRB32 J AX SA 1453 CLR 15 181/ 5Ø/ 4Ø/ 1815G23/ ØØ9LDX SA 1448 CLR 1Ø 995/ 77/ 5Ø/ 18Ø5/ 942MCN SA 1446 W3 X 1/ 16 L- F 14Ø/ 41/ 39/ 13Ø6/ 996/ LB45MI A SA 145Ø 18 SCT 85 - BKN M12Ø OVC 12 151/ 86/ 51/

ØØØØ/ ØØ1 TPA SA 1447 WØ X 1/ 2 F 132/ 72/ 72/ 24Ø5/ 992

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4. At what st at i on i s t he t emperatur e 26 degr ees and t he dew poi nt 17degr ees?

A. ATLB. J AXC. MCND. TPA

5. What was t he act ual t i me of observat i on at ATL?

A. 1446B. 1451C. 1500D. 1515

6. Whi ch l ocat i on i s r epor t i ng a vi si bi l i t y of 1/ 16t h of a st at ut emi l e?

A. J AXB. MCN

C. MI AD. TPA

7. What i s the cei l i ng at MI A?

A. 1800 scat t er edB. 8500 l i ght br okenC. measured 1200 over castD. measured 12, 000 over cast

8. Whi ch l ocat i on has an al t i met er set t i ng of 29. 92" Hg?

A. ATL

B. LDXC. MCND. TPA

9. What i s t he ver t i cal vi si bi l i t y at MCN?

A. 30 f eetB. 300 f eetC. 30 met ersD. 300 met er s

10. Whi ch l ocat i on i s r epor t i ng t he l owest cei l i ng?

A. ATLB. MCNC. MI AD. TPA

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11. What i s t he sea l evel pr essure at MI A?

A. 9151B. 915. 1C. 10151D. 1015. 1

12. Whi ch l ocat i on i s r epor t i ng t he hi ghest al t i met er set t i ng?

A. ATLB. J AXC. MCND. MI A

13. Fr om what di r ect i on, i n degr ees, i s t he wi nd at J AX?

A. 040B. 050

C. 180D. 181

REQUIREMENT: Sol ve 14 t hr ough 16 by r ef er r i ng t o t he r epor t bel ow.

SAUM5 KAWN Ø2Ø9ØØ

ELD SA Ø85Ø 8 - BKN 18 OVC 5R 1ØØ/ 37/ 31/ 2712/ 983/ RB45MGM SA Ø848 15 SCT M25Ø OVC 15 146/ 83/ 62/ 18Ø9/ 996SHV RS Ø852 M25 OVC 3T+RW+ 171/ 75/ 63/ 1815/ ØØ4/ RWB15 TXK SA Ø846 - X M15 OVC 1/ 2 S- F 132/ 22/ 19/ 35Ø8/ 992/ SB25

F3

14. Whi ch st at i on i s r epor t i ng snow?

A. ELDB. MGM

C. SHVD. TXK

15. What t i me di d rai n begi n at ELD?

A. 0145ZB. 0245ZC. 0845ZD. 0945Z

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16. Whi ch st at i on i s r epor t i ng a t emper at ur e of 75 and an al t i met erset t i ng of 30. 04?

A. ELDB. MGM

C. SHVD. TXK

REQUIREMENT: Sol ve 17 t hr ough 20 by usi ng t he r epor t di r ect l y bel oweach exer ci se.

17. What t i me di d rai n begi n at Maxwel l AFB ( MXF) ?

SAUM7 KAWN 1218ØØ

MXF SA 1752 M25 BKN 4Ø OVC 4RW- 1ØØ/ 72/ 5Ø/ 2312/ 983/ RB35

A. 1735ZB. 1835ZC. 1735 l ocal

D. 1835 l ocal18. What i s t he sky condi t i on and vi si bi l i t y at Moody AFB ( VAD) ?

VAD SA 1454 32 SCT 8 171/ 79/ 57/ 251Ø/ ØØ4/ CLDS LWR SW

A. unl i mi t ed wi t h 8 st at ut e mi l esB. 3200 br oken wi t h 8 naut i cal mi l esC. 3200 scat t er ed wi t h 8 st at ut e mi l esD. 3200 scat t er ed wi t h 8 naut i cal mi l es

19. What i s t he sky condi t i on at Cai r ns AAF ( OZR) ?

OZR SA 12Ø1 15 SCT 1Ø 146/ 81/ 75/ 2115/ 996/ SCTD LYR I NCRG

A. unl i mi t edB. 1500 brokenC. 1500 overcastD. 1500 scat t ered

20. What i s t he t ype of pr eci pi t at i on, obst r uct i on t o vi si on, andvi s i bi l i t y at Langl ey Fi el d ( LFI ) ?

LFI SA Ø9ØØ M4 OVC 1/ 2 L- F 166/ 68/ 65/ 15Ø6/ ØØ4/ LB37

A. l i ght dr i zzl e, f og, and 1/ 2 mi l e

B. dr i zzl e, ver y l i ght f og, and 1/ 2 mi l eC. l i ght dr i zzl e, l i ght f og, and 1/ 2 mi l eD. dr i zzl e and f og r educi ng t he vi si bi l i t y f r om 2 mi l es t o 1

mi l e.

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LESSON 2

PRACTICE EXERCISE

ANSWER KEY AND FEEDBACK

I t em Corr ect Answer and Feedback

1. C. f eet AGL

Cl oud bases are gi ven i n hundr eds of f eet AGL. ( pages 4and 6, Fr ames 23 and 24)

2. C. X

A t ot al obscurat i on i s shown by an X ( 10/ 10t hs of t he skyi s obscured) . ( pages 16 and 18, Fr ames 29 and 30)

3. A. over cast , or obscur ed.

A cei l i ng i s t he l owest sky condi t i on r epor t ed as br oken,over cast , or obscured. ( page 30, Fr ame 36)

4. A. ATL

ATL i s t he onl y st at i on r epor t i ng a t emper at ur e of 26degr ees and a dew poi nt of 17 degr ees. ( page 39, Fr ame 62)

5. B. 1451

The act ual t i me of obser vat i on f ol l ows t he t ype of r epor t .( pages 9 and 25, Fr ames 4 and 12)

6. B. MCN

When t he vi si bi l i t y i s l ess t han 3 mi l es, f r act i ons wi l l ber epor t ed. ( pages 3 and 5, Fr ames 44 and 45)

7. D. measur ed 12, 000 overcast

A cei l i ng wi l l have a cei l i ng desi gnat or and t he l owest skycondi t i on repor t ed as broken, over cast , or obscur ed.( pages 30, 34, and 36; Fr ames 36, 38, and 39)

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8. D. TPA

When t he al t i met er set t i ng i s r epor t ed as 992, pl ace adeci mal t wo poi nt s t o t he l ef t and add a numer al 2 t o t hef r ont . ( pages 10 and 12, Fr ames 69 and 70)

9. B. 300 f eet

Si nce t he sky i s compl et el y obscured and the base ofobscur at i on i s at 300 f eet , ver t i cal vi si bi l i t y i s 300f eet . ( page 20, Fr ame 31)

10. D. TPA

A cei l i ng wi l l have a cei l i ng desi gnat or and t he l owest skycondi t i on repor t ed as broken, over cast , or obscur ed.

( pages 30, 34, and 36; Fr ames 36, 38, and 39)

11. D. 1015. 1

Si nce t he sea l evel pr essure i s r epor t ed as 151, pl ace adeci mal one poi nt t o t he l ef t and add t he numeral 10 t o t hef r ont . ( pages 31 and 33, Fr ames 58 and 59)

12. B. J AX

J AX i s t he onl y st at i on r epor t i ng t he hi ghest al t i met er

set t i ng- - 30. 09" Hg. ( pages 10 and 12, Fr ames 69 and 70)

13. C. 180

The wi nd di r ect i on i s r epor t ed as 18; t heref or e, you wi l ladd a zer o at t he end. ( page 43, Fr ame 64)

14. D. TXK

Weat her f ol l ows vi si bi l i t y; t her ef or e, weat her i s r epor t edas l i ght snow ( S- ) . ( pages 15 and 92, Fr ame 50 and Exhi bi t5)

15. C. 0845Z

ELD i ndi cat es r ai n began f al l i ng 45 mi nut es past t hepr evi ous hour ( RB45) or t hat r ai n began at 0845Z. ( page30, Fr ame 79)

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16. C. SHV

SHV i s t he onl y st at i on r epor t i ng a temper at ur e of 75degr ees and t he al t i met er set t i ng i s r epor t ed as 004. Ther ef or e, pl ace a deci mal t wo poi nt s t o t he l ef t and add a

numeral 3 t o t he f r ont . ( pages 10 and 39, Fr ames 62 and69)

17. A. 1735Z

The r epor t i ndi cat es t hat r ai n began f al l i ng 35 mi nut espast t he pr evi ous hour ( RB35) or r ai n began at 1735Z.( pages 18 and 20, Fr ames 73 and 74)

18. C. 3200 scat t er ed wi t h 8 st at ut e mi l es

The sky condi t i on i s r epor t ed i n hundr eds of f eet AGL; SCTmeans scat t er ed; and vi si bi l i t y i s r epor t ed i n st at ut emi l es. ( pages 3, 5, and 6; Fr ames 24, 44, and 45)

19. D. 1500 scat t er ed

The sky condi t i on i s r epor t ed i n hundr eds of f eet AGL andSCT means scat t ered. ( page 6, Fr ame 24)

20. A. l i ght dr i zzl e, f og, and 1/ 2 mi l e

Weat her i s r epor t ed as l i ght dr i zzl e ( L- ) ; obst r uct i on t ovi si on i s r epor t ed as f og ( F) ; and vi si bi l i t y i s repor t edl ess t han 3 mi l es, f r act i ons i ncl uded. ( pages 3, 5, 15,and 19; Fr ames 44, 45, 50, and 52)

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LESSON 2

METAR CODE AVI ATI ON WEATHER REPORT

Cr i t i cal Task: 011- 144- 0010

OVERVIEW

LESSON DESCRI PTI ON:

I n t hi s l esson you wi l l l ear n t o decode the METAR code avi at i onweat her r epor t t o i ncl ude l ocat i on i dent i f i er , t i me, wi nd dat a,pr evai l i ng vi si bi l i t y, r unway vi sual r ange ( RVR) l ocal , s i gni f i cantweat her , sky condi t i on, t emper at ur e dat a, al t i met er set t i ng, cei l i nghei ght , weat her symbol s, and st andar di zed cont r act i ons of wor ds i nt he r emar ks sect i on.

TERMI NAL LEARNI NG OBJ ECTI VE:

ACTI ON: I nt er pr et a METAR code avi at i on weat her r epor t .

CONDI TI ON: You wi l l use t he l esson t ext t o compl et e t he act i on.

STANDARD: You wi l l decode each i t em of i nf ormat i on on a METAR codeavi at i on weat her r epor t .

REFERENCE: The mat er i al i n t hi s l esson was der i ved f r om t hef ol l owi ng publ i cat i ons: DOD FLI P, GP; FAA Or der 7350. 5;

FM 1- 230; I nt er nat i onal Ci vi l Avi at i on Or gani zat i on( I CAO) Document 7910.

SAFETY CONSI DERATI ONS: none

TRAI NI NG RI SK ASSESSMENT CODE: L

ENVI RONMENTAL CONSI DERATI ONS: none

INTRODUCTION

Avi at i on ci r cui t s col l ect and r el ay weat her condi t i on i nf or mat i onhour l y f or r epor t i ng st at i ons out si de cont i nent al Nor t h Amer i ca,Guam, Hawai i , and Puer t o Ri co. Thi s i nf or mat i on i s a METAR. I n yourdut i es as an avi at i on oper at i ons speci al i st , you may see METAR codeavi at i on weat her r epor t s on a dai l y basi s. Ther ef or e, you mustunder st and and be abl e t o i nt er pr et ( expl ai n) t he i nf or mat i on f oundi n t he col l ect i ve r epor t .

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THIS LESSON CONTAINS A 28-FRAME PROGRAMMED TEXT (PT). THIS

PT WILL HELP YOU UNDERSTAND THE DIFFERENT PORTIONS OF THE

METAR.

WRITE OR CIRCLE THE ANSWER TO EACH QUESTION WITHIN EACH

FRAME, AND CHECK YOUR ANSWER WITH THE SOLUTION, AT THE TOP

OF THE NEXT FRAME. BEGIN WITH FRAME 1 ON PAGE 59 AND

CONTINUE WITH THE FRAMES AT THE TOP OF THE RIGHT-HAND (ODD- NUMBERED) PAGES UNTIL GIVEN FURTHER INSTRUCTIONS.

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GENERAL I NFORMATI ON FRAME 1

Obser ver s assembl e and r eport weat her i nf ormat i on hour l y thr oughoutt he wor l d. When t r ansmi t t ed ( sent ) wi t hi n t he Uni t ed St at es or i t st er r i t or i es, t hi s i nf or mat i on i s r ef er r ed t o as t he ai r ways codeavi at i on weat her r epor t as di scussed i n Lesson One.

A si mi l ar r epor t used i n overseas locations i s compi l ed andt r ansmi t t ed by Ai r Weat her Ser vi ce uni t s of t he USAF andi nt er nat i onal l y i s cal l ed a meteorological terminal aviation report ( METAR) code.

The ai r ways code avi at i on weather r epor t and METAR code f or mat sar e si mi l ar and pr ovi de avi at i on per sonnel wi t h t he most up- t o-dat e______ ______ __i nf or mat i on.

NOTE: The word "METAR" and t he t i me are not nor mal l y i ncl udedf or each st at i on i n a col l ecti ve. I t wi l l nor mal l y be par t of

t he headi ng.

*********************************************************************CLOUD GROUP FRAME 15

The next groupi ng i s t he cloud group. I t i s r epor t ed i n one or mor e

set s of six f i gur es. The si x- f i gur e set i ncl udes one number f ol l owedby two l et t er s, and t hen by three number s. Look at t he t wo exampl esbel ow.

The f i r st number i n t he cl oud group gi ves t he number i n ei ght hs ofcl oud cover age at t hat hei ght . Thus, 3STØ25 means t hree- ei ght hscover age and 5SCØ5Ø i ndi cat es______ _____ __cover age.

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FRAME 8

A maxi mum wi nd i s r epor t ed when i t exceeds t he aver age wi nd by 5knots or more.

EXAMPLE: 18Ø12/ 35KT i ndi cat es t he wi nd i s f r om 180 degr ees at 12knot s, wi t h a maxi mum of 35 knot s.

I n the repor t bel ow, t he wi nd di r ect i on i s f r om____________ degr ees,t he average wi nd speed i s___ __ __ __ __ __knots, and t he maxi mum wi ndspeed i s______ _____knot s.

RPMS 18Ø15/ 3ØKT

*********************************************************************FRAME 22

A partial obscuration i s i ndi cat ed by a number r epr esent i ng t heamount of t he sky t hat i s obscur ed i n f r act i ons of ei ght hs. Thi s i sf ol l owed by t he abbr evi at i on f or t he obscur at i on and t hen t hr ee sl antl i nes ( / / / ) . Theref ore, 5FG/// i ndi cat es t hat f i ve- ei ght hs of t hesky i s obscur ed by f og wi t h no ver t i cal vi si bi l i t y bei ng r epor t ed.

NOTE: Ver t i cal vi si bi l i t y i s onl y r epor t ed when t her e i s a t ot alobscur at i on.

I n t he f ol l owi ng r epor t , t her e i s a par t i al obscur at i on cover i ng ___________________________of t he sky, and t he obscur at i on i s bei ngcaused by____________ ______ .

PHI K 1ØØØ5KT Ø3ØØ 55XXDZ 6DZ/ / /

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ANSWER 1

weat her*********************************************************************

FRAME 2

STUDY: Exhi bi t 10

The key i n Exhi bi t 10 i s si mi l ar t o t he one used i n t he st andar davi at i on weat her r epor t and br eaks down t he i nf or mat i on cont ai ned i nan METAR.

*********************************************************************ANSWER 15

f i ve- ei ght hs- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

FRAME 16

STUDY: Exhi bi t 13

You shoul d f ami l i ar i ze yoursel f wi t h t he var i ous cl oud symbol s and beabl e t o r ecal l t he name f or each abbr evi at i on. Thi s wi l l assi st youwhen i nt erpr et i ng t he METAR.

I mmedi at el y f ol l owi ng the "ei ght hs" cover age ar e two l et t er s. Thesel et t er s repr esent t he cl oud t ype i n t hat cl oud l ayer . Thus, 3STØ25means t hat t hr ee- ei ght hs of t he sky i s cover ed by st r at us cl ouds.

I n t he r epor t bel ow, _______________cl ouds ar e bei ng r epor t ed.

PHI K Ø7Ø12KT 7ØØØ 2CUØ18 4CUØ35

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ANSWER 8

180, 15, 30- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

FRAME 9

A var i abl e wi nd i s r epor t ed as VRB.

EXAMPLE: VRBØ5KT i ndi cat es t he wi nd di r ect i on i s var i abl e and t hewi nd speed i s 5 knots.

The wi nd di r ect i on bel ow i s_______________, and t he wi nd speed i s __________knot s.

PGUM VRBØ4KT

*********************************************************************ANSWER 22

s i x- ei ght hs , dr i zzl e.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -FRAME 23

When t he condi t i ons l i st ed bel ow exi st si mul t aneousl y, t he code wor dt hat means cei l i ng and vi si bi l i t y OK ( CAVOK) i s used i n pl ace ofvi si bi l i t y, RVR, pr esent weat her , and cl oud gr oup dat a.

NOTE: CAVOK i s not used at USAF l ocat i ons.

Vi si bi l i t y i s 10 ki l omet er s ( 10, 000 met er s) or mor e ( r oughl y 6mi l es).

► No cl ouds r eport ed bel ow 5, 000 f eet .

► No pr eci pi t at i on or t hunder st or ms.

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ANSWER 2

No response r equi r ed.- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -LOCATI ON I DENTI FI ER FRAME 3

The heading of a METAR i s much the same as t he headi ng of t he ai r ways

avi at i on weat her r epor t and i s not addr essed i n t hi s l esson. Thef i rs t ent ry i n t he body of t he METAR i s a f our - l et t er gr oup cal l edt he____________________ ________________________.

PHI K Ø7Ø12KT 7ØØØ 2CUØ18 4CUØ35 32/ 19 2974I NSPGUA VRBØ5KT 9999 1Ø/ Ø5 2998I NS FU LYR SEPGUM Ø1ØØ6KT Ø6ØØ RØ7ØØ 47FG 9FGØØ3 12/ 11 2995I NS CI GØØ3

LOCATI ON I DENTI FI ER

The first letter gi ves t he portion of the world i n whi ch t her epor t i ng st at i on i s l ocat ed. The l ast t hr ee l et t er s repr esent t henor mal i dent i f i er s used i n avi at i on weat her r epor t s.

NOTE: The t i me of t he observat i on i s l ocat ed bef or e t he wi nd dat a i na METAR.

*********************************************************************ANSWER 16

cumul us- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

FRAME 17

The last three numbers i n t he cl oud gr oup gi ve t he cl oud hei ght AGLand r epr esent t he base of t he cl ouds i n hundr eds of f eet . ( As i near l i er exampl es of r epor t i ng t he base of cl oud hei ght s, t he l ast t wodi gi t s ar e dr opped of f . )

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ANSWER 9

var i abl e, 4- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -VI SI BI LI TY FRAME 10

Fol l owi ng t he wi nd dat a i n t he r epor t i s vi s i bi l i t y. Vi s i bi l i t y i s

r epor t ed i n meters i n t he f ol l owi ng i ncrement s:

VI SI BI LI TY LESS THAN 5, 000 METERS- NEAREST 100 METERSVI SI BI LI TY 5, 000 TO 9, 000 METERS- NEAREST 1, 000 METERSVI SI BI LI TY 10, 000 METERS OR MORE- REPORTED AS 9999 ON THE METAR

I n t he f ol l owi ng r epor t , Hi ckham Ai r For ce Base ( AFB) , Hawai i ( HI K) ,i s r epor t i ng a vi si bi l i t y of ___________met er s.

PHI K Ø7Ø12KT 7ØØØ

*********************************************************************ANSWER 23

No response r equi r ed.- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - TEMPERATURE AND DEW POI NT FRAME 24

Fol l owi ng t he cl oud gr oup ent r y i s t he temperature and t he dew point

r epor t ed i n degr ees Cel si us ( °C) and separ at ed by a sl ant l i ne. Thel et t er "M" pr ecedi ng t he f i gur es i ndi cat es t hat t he t emper at ur e ordew poi nt was bel ow zer o.

I n t he f ol l owi ng r epor t , t he t emper at ur e i s__ ____ºC, and t he dewpoi nt i s °C.

PHI K Ø7Ø12KT 7ØØØ 2CUØ18 4CUØ35 32/19

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ANSWER 3

l ocat i on i dent i f i er .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

FRAME 4

( Ref er t o Exhi bi t 11. ) The METAR st at i ons i n t he r epor t bel ow ar e

l ocat ed i n t he______________.

PGUA 12Ø15KT 9ØØØ 3STØ25 5SCØ5Ø 15/ 1Ø 3ØØ5I NS CI GØ5ØPGUM Ø1ØØ6KT Ø6ØØ R07ØØ 47FG 9FGØØ3 12/ 11 2995I NS CI GØØ3

*********************************************************************ANSWER 17


FRAME 18

Compl et e t he f ol l owi ng i nf or mat i on f or t he r epor t s bel ow:

EIGHTHS CLOUD TYPE HEIGHT

RODN = __________ _________________ ____________

RPMB = __________ ____ _________ ____ ___ _________

RODN 25Ø25KT Ø8ØØ RØ9ØØ 98TSSA 8CBØ15RPMB 18Ø15KT 9ØØØ 6CI 3ØØ

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ANSWER 10

7, 000- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -RUNWAY VI SUAL RANGE FRAME 11

The RVR i s t he hor i zontal di st ance an avi at or sees down t he act i ve

r unway f r om t he approach end. I n an METAR, t he RVR, when r epor t ed,i s pr eceded by the l et t er "R ". Thus, RØ5ØØ i ndi cat es t hat t he RVR i s500 meters.

I n the repor t gi ven bel ow, t he RVR i s___ _____

AIPD Subcourse AV0603 Edition C: Airways Code Aviation Weather Report and Meteorological Terminal...

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