AIP Statistics on Physics Employment Trends
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Transcript of AIP Statistics on Physics Employment Trends
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Latest Trends in the Physics Workforce
American Physical Society
Baltimore, MarylandMarch 15, 2006
Roman CzujkoDirector, Statistical Research Center
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AcknowledgementsData SourcesSurveys by AIP, NSF
AIP Staff
Rachel IviePatrick Mulvey
Starr Nicholson
Casey Tesfaye
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Rising Above the Gathering StormNational Academies, October 2005
20 Recommendations in four areas:
1. Add 10,000 science and math teachers in K-12
2. Increase federal investment in science andengineering research
3. Attract and retain best and brightest for study
and research in science and engineering4. Encourage innovation through incentives
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The number of jobs requiring technical skills is
increasing and fewer Americans are entering degreeprograms in science, math and engineering.
Craig Barrett, Chair of IntelBusiness Week, December 2005
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Protect Americas Competitive Edge Act
3-bill package in senate to implement all 20 NAS
recommendations, January 2006
American Competitiveness InitiativeState of Union address, President Bush, 2006
National Innovation Initiative140 business, political and education leaders
Wall Street Journal and Washington Post, Feb. 2006
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Underlying Themes:Supply
Demand
International CompetitivenessInnovation
Investment in Future
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There is no shortage of claims of shortage.
Michael Teitelbaum, Sloan Foundation
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Supply
Innovation
International Competitiveness
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Supply
Employment
Innovation
International Competitiveness
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55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 950
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
Physics BachelorsAll Bachelors
1,400,000
1,200,000
800,000
600,000
400,000
200,000
0
1,000,000
All Bachelors*
Physics Bachelors
Physics bachelor's and total bachelor's produced in the US,1955 to 2004.
04
AIP Statistical Research Center, Enrollments and Degrees Report and* NCES Digest of Education Statistics
00
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Employment
1100 Private Sector 250 High School 190 Government
150 Active Military 230 Other
Graduate School
1160 Physics and Astronomy 320 Engineering 200 Other Science and Math
120 Medicine and Law 130 Education and Other
Four percent of the respondents indicated they were unemployed at the timeof the survey, which represents about 160 individuals.
50% 50%
4000 Bachelors Degrees
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1999 & 2000 2002 & 2003 1999 & 2000 2002 & 20030
20
40
60
80
100
20
41
8 96 6
3626
30
16
Field of Employment:
Computer or Info. SystemsEngineering
Physics or AstronomyOther Science
Changes in Field of Employment for Physics Bachelorsin the Private Sector.
Note: 2% of the classes of 2002-2003 indicated that their employment field was education.
AIP Statstical Research Center, Initial Employment Report
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0 10 20 30 40 50 60
S & E
Not S & E
Typical Range of Starting Salaries for Physics Bachelors
in the Private Sector, Classes of 2002 & 2003
Typical Salaries(in thousands of dollars)
Typical salaries are the middle 50%, i.e. between the 25th and 75th percentiles.
AIP Statistical Research Center, Initial Employment Report
S & E refers to positions in science and engineering related employment
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1931 41 51 61 71 81 910
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
Number of physics PhDs conferred in the United States,1931 to 2004.
Number
of
degrees
Sources: NAS (1931-1961), AIP (1962-2004)Statistical Research Center, Enrollments and Degrees Report.
2004
Class of
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1st Year Students Entering Graduate Physics Programs
Foreign U.S. citz.
Academic Year N N
Fall 2004 1292 1746Fall 2003 1481 1697
Fall 2002 1339 1535
Fall 2001 1434 1343
Fall 2000 1485 1228
Fall 1999 1328 1182Fall 1998 1251 1166
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79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 '01 '03
Academic Year
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Potentially Permanent
Other Temporary
Postdocs
Initial employment of physics PhDs, 1979-2003.
AIP Statistical Research Center, Initial Employment Report.
Percent
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1995 1997 1999 2001 2003
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
US Citizens & Permanent Residents
Foreign Citizens
Source: AIP Statistical Research Center, Initial Employment Survey
New Physics PhDs Accepting Postdocs, By Citizenship
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Concluding Remarks
Millions more jobs in future - dont believe it
Americans avoiding science and math - not accurate
More people should earn S&E degrees - definitely
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Employer Type by Year of PhD, 2001
Govt,Non-Profit,
PhD Industry Academe Hospital
Year % % %1996-2000 46 40 13
1991-1995 54 30 15
1986-1990 41 36 211981-1985 47 34 18
1976-1980 46 28 26
1971-1975 45 31 231970 & earlier 37 44 18
Source: NSF Survey of Doctoral Recipients
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Thank you