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AIM: What does the study of Human Geography involve?
Do Now: Take a minute to write down all of the food and drink you ate before coming
to class today.
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The Geography of Breakfast
Take a minute to write down all of the food and drink you ate before coming to class today.
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Breakfast FoodsFood Place of Origin Current Production
coffee Ethiopia Tropics
oranges South Asia, India US, Mediterranean
pork China, South Asia Worldwide
wheat Near East US, Russia, Argentina
tea China Asia
oats Near East Temperate Climates
pepper South America S. America, Worldwide
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Top Ten Coffee Growing Countries (Yellow)First domesticated in Ethiopia, coffee has come to be a major export crop for colonial countries and continues to provide much of the export income in these less developed countries. In Uganda, 70-80% of export revenue is generated by coffee. Many issues are raised by the continuation of such colonial economics.
COFFEE
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www.coursesmart.com Author: James M. Rubenstein Book Title: Human Geography: The
Cultural Landscape Read the introduction to chapter one, as
well as “Key Issue 1: How do Geographers Address Where Things Are”.
Complete the outline for homework over the weekend. Be prepared to discuss the information in class on Monday.
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Divisions of Geography
Physical Geography Human Geography
Rocks and Minerals Population
Landforms Settlements
Soils Economic Activities
Animals Transportation
Plants Recreational Activities
Water Religion
Atmosphere Political Systems
Rivers and Other Water Bodies Social Traditions
Environment Human Migration
Climate and Weather Agricultural Systems
Geography is a bridge between the natural and social sciences. Geography is a holistic or synthesizing science.
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Fieldwork: Geographers as Modern Explorers and Observers
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Israel 1998
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Paris 2001
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Costa Rica 2006
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Mexico 2010
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Puerto Rico 2011
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California 2011
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Introduction to Cultural Geography Definition of Cultural Geography History of the Discipline Fundamental Concepts
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What are its elements?
•Language
•Religion
•Food
•Clothing
•Art
•Music
•Rituals and Customs
How is it transferred?
•Parents to Children
•Schooling
•Television, Films, Radio, and Internet
What is CULTURE?
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What is CULTURE?Culture is learned behavior that is passed
on by imitation, instruction, and example. Culture is almost entirely relative. Proper
behavior shifts from culture to culture. U.S. current problems: 1) little shared culture;
2) no one is teaching culture. For example: sex education - Home? School?
Note: experiencing another culture is useful for gaining perspective on your own.
Harshest punishment in history?: banishment in “primitive” cultures.
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Geographic Importance of Culture
Geographers study culture because it leaves dramatic imprints on the earth, both physical and cultural.
Language: a crystal ball into culture. Religion: strongest determinant of ethics. Nationalism and Borders Material Culture: tools, clothes, toys, etc. Architecture: Suburban garages vs. earlier
porches Religion: affects societal choices; creates
sacred space
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The Cultural Landscape
The result of the natural environment and all of the changes to it as a result of a particular culture. In other words, it is cultures imprint on the land. (Carl Sauer) Environmental Determinism:
environment is primary determinant of culture.
Possibilism: humans are primary determinant of culture, within limits set by the environment.
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N.Y.C.
Environmentally Determined?
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What about Bali,
Indonesia?
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Key Concepts: Space
Latitude and Longitude - a reference system designed to provide “absolute” location (as opposed to relative locations). A system used to designate space.
Parallels of Latitude Meridians of Longitude
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The Geographic GridLatitude - angular measurement of distance north or south of the Equator.
Range: 0 - 90 degrees N or S
1o latitude = approx. 69 miles (25,000 mi. /360o).
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The Geographic GridLongitude - the angular measurement of distance east or west of the Prime Meridian.
Range: 0o - 180o E or W
Maximum value reached at International Date Line - 180o
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Key Concepts:
Tobler’s 1st Law of Geography
All things are related. However, all other things being equal, those things that are closest together are more related.
Related Concepts: Distance Decay / Friction of Distance Spatial Interaction Movement
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Key Concepts
REGION – an area defined by shared characteristic 3 Types of Culture Regions
Formal - all members share a characteristic
Functional - defined by a node of activity and distance decay from center
Vernacular - perception of cultural identity
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Overlapping Formal and Functional Regions
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Vernacular Regions
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Diffusion The spread of people, customs, phenomenon, objects, or
ideas. Four Types:
•Relocation
• Hierarchical
• Contagious
• StimulusUse these terms to explain the spread of:
•Diseases
•Popular Music
•Democratic Revolutions
•Religious Practices
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Sense of PlaceEvery place is unique. Imagine where
you lived as a child. Where is home?Why and how do places take on
meaning for human individuals? Sensory Architecture Symbolic
Why is each place unique?Key works: Place and Placelessness -
Relph, 1978Topophilia - Tuan, Yi-Fu
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Sense of Place
Groveland, CA Bourbon Street
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What kinds of cultural values are reflected in each of these American houses?
Gated community?
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Where are we? What values are reflected in each? What relation to physical environment?
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Mosque in Istanbul, Turkey
Timber House, Switzerland
Yurt on Mongolian Steppe Suburban Home, Chicago
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Human-Environment Interaction(Cultural Ecology)
Successful cultures are those that adapt well to their environments. (Chaco Canyon, North Africa, Fertile Crescent, Easter Island)
Chaco Canyon, New Mexico Easter Island, Polynesia
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Key Concepts:Core-Periphery
Core U.S., Europe,
Japan, Australia Wealthy Powerful Controls Media
and Finance Technologically
advanced
Periphery Less Developed Poor Dependent upon
Core countries for: Education Technology Media Military Equipment
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Key C
on
cep
ts:
Core
-Peri
ph
ery
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Geography and Politics
Ties to Military Role in ColonizationRole in ImperialismRole in Cold War
EthnocentrismMasculinism
Foreign - 4) Situated in an abnormal or improper place. 5) Not natural: alien.
The American Heritage Dictionary
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GlobalizationThe increasing
interconnectedness of different parts of the world through common processes of economic, political, and cultural change. Economic globalization is happening fastest.
Panama, 1997