AIM OF THIS PRESENTATION

Introduce the important components of the Autoimmune Diseases.

Demonstrate what happens when things go wrong & the body turns against itself (Autoimmunity)

Provide examples of Autoimmune Disease Such as Graves ,Rheumatology.

OVER VIEW OF THE PRESENTATION

TOPICS COVERED AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES CLASSIFICATION OF AUTOIMMUNE DISEAS CAUSES RISK FACTORS DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT GRAVES DIESEASE RHEUMATOID DISEASE RECENT RESEARCH

AUTOIMMUNITY

Autoimmunity is the failure of an organism to recognize its own

constituent parts as self, which results in an immune response against its own

cells and tissues.

AUTO IMMUNE DISEASES

Autoimmune diseases are disorders in which the body's immune system reacts against

some of its own tissue and produces antibodies to attack itself.

AUTO ANTIBODIES

Auto antibodies are the antibodies that attack its own cells, tissues, and/or organs. This causes inflammation and damage and it

leads to autoimmune disorders.

PROMINENT EXAMPLES COELIAC DISEASE DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 1 (IDDM), SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (SLE), SJÖGREN'S SYNDROME CHURG-STRAUSS SYNDROME HASHIMOTO'S THYROIDITIS GRAVES' DISEASE RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA).

HISTORY

Paul Ehrlich, at the beginning of the twentieth century, proposed the concept of horror

autotoxicus, where in a 'normal' body does not mount an immune response against its

own tissues. Thus, any autoimmune response was perceived to be abnormal

and postulated to be connected with human disease.

DESCRIPTION

The immune system is a network of organs, cells and molecules that work together to defend the body against attacks by foreign (not of the body) invaders such as germs, bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi.

In general terms, when antibodies are directed against the body's own cells, or when B and T cells attack and destroy their own body's cells and not foreign antigens, an autoimmune disorder can result

The autoimmune process can have varied consequences. For example,

slow destruction of a particular type of cell or tissue.

stimulation of an organ into excessive growth or interference in its functions.

THYROID PANCREAS ADRENAL GLANDS RED BLOOD CELLS CONNECTIVE TISSUES

CLASSIFICATION OF AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE

Autoimmune disorders fall into two general types:

Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Localized Autoimmune Diseases

Systemic Autoimmune Diseases

Non-organ-specific or Systemic Autoimmune Diseases are those that damage many organs .

For example, Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Sjogren's syndrome Lupus Erythematosus Scleroderma,

Localized Autoimmune Diseases

Organ-specific or Localized Autoimmune Diseases are those where only a single organ or tissue is directly damaged by the autoimmune process .For example

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Celiac disease, Crohn's disease.

In some cases, a person may have more than one autoimmune disease; for example, persons with Addison's disease often have type 1 diabetes, while persons with sclerosing cholangitis often have ulcerative colitis.

In some cases, the antibodies may not be directed at a specific tissue or organ; for example, antiphospholipid antibodies can react with clotting proteins in the blood, leading to formation of blood clots within the blood vessels (thrombosis).

AUTOIMMUNITY LEVEL

High level of autoimmunity is unhealthy, a low level of autoimmunity may actually be beneficial.

CAUSES

The cause of autoimmune diseases is unknown, but it appears that there is an inherited predisposition to develop autoimmune disease in many cases.

In a few types of autoimmune disease (such as rheumatic fever), a bacteria or virus triggers an immune response, and the antibodies or T-cells attack normal cells because they have some part of their structure that resembles a part of the structure of the infecting microorganism.

RISK FACTORS: Genetic factor , Environmental toxins, Gender, Heredity, viruses, Drugs, Stress, poor diet, lack of exercise, lack of sleep, abuse of alcohol and use of tobacco.

Genetic Factors:

Three main sets of genes are suspected in many autoimmune diseases. These genes are related to:

Immunoglobulins T-cell receptors The major histocompatibility

complexes(MHC).

Gender:

A person's sex also seems to have a major role in the development of autoimmunity.

most of the known autoimmune diseases tend to show a female preponderance.

Ankylosing spondylitis,male preponderance Crohn's disease, males and females

SYMPTOMS OF AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES.

The symptoms and signs vary by specific autoimmune disease. The common symptoms are:

Fatigue Affect on Weight Muscle pain Insomnia(not able to sleep) Inflammation

DIAGNOSIS OF AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES.

Autoantibody blood tests blood tests to measure inflammation

and organ function clinical presentation X-rays

TREATMENT OF AUTOIMMUNE DISEASESTREATMENT OF AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES

Immunosuppressant drugs Immunosuppressant drugs

- to inhibit the activity of the immune system. - to inhibit the activity of the immune system. Helminthic therapyHelminthic therapy

--inoculation of the patient with specific parasitic intestinal nematodes

Radiation of the lymph nodes and plasmapheresis

Treatment for the deficiency Treatment for the deficiency - for example, insulin injections in the case of for example, insulin injections in the case of

diabetes. diabetes.

Treatment of Autoimmune DiseasesTreatment of Autoimmune Diseases

Anti-inflammatory drugs Anti-inflammatory drugs

-to reduce inflammation and pain. -to reduce inflammation and pain. Corticosteroids Corticosteroids

- to reduce inflammation. They are sometimes - to reduce inflammation. They are sometimes used to treat an acute flare of symptoms. used to treat an acute flare of symptoms.

Pain-killing medication Pain-killing medication

- such as paracetamol and codeine.- such as paracetamol and codeine.