Aids To Navigation
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Transcript of Aids To Navigation
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NS100
Fundamentals ofNaval Science
Visual Navigation Aids
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Types of Aids to Navigation
Buoys - Floating aids to navigation.
Lights - Fixed aids to navigation with distinctive light characteristics that make them identifiable at night.
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Major Lights
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On the Range
Range Lights
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To the right of the range.
Visual Range
On the RangeThe location of the rear range
relative to the front range will indicate your relationship to the range line.
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Beacons
Fixed aids to navigation used in U.S. waters– Each has daymark ( or ) to
denote right or left-side channel boundary– Beacons may be unlighted (daybeacons) or
lighted
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Types of Aids to Navigation
Radio Beacon - used with a direction finding receiver, will yield an LOP.
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RACON BuoysRACON Buoys to identify aids to navigation, both seaborne (e.g. buoys) and land-to identify aids to navigation, both seaborne (e.g. buoys) and land-
based (e.g. lighthouses) based (e.g. lighthouses) to identify landfall or positions on inconspicuous coastlines to identify landfall or positions on inconspicuous coastlines to indicate navigable spans under bridges to indicate navigable spans under bridges to identify offshore oil platforms and similar structuresto identify offshore oil platforms and similar structures
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General Buoyage Classification Lateral - Used to indicate on which side the buoy should be passed and are used to mark channels.
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Car
dina
l Sys
tem
C
ardi
nal S
yste
m
of B
uoya
geof
Buo
yage
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Buoy Description and Purpose Can Buoy
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Buoy Description and Purpose Nun Buoy
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Sound Buoys Bell Gong Whistle Horn
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Lighted Buoys
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Combination Buoys Any buoy in which a light and a sound
signal are combined
Examples include:– Lighted bell– Lighted gong– Lighted whistle– Lighted horn
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Buoy Description and Purpose Buoys are painted different colors according to their purpose. Lateral Aids - Either red or green or the combination of the two.
Cardinal Aids - Painted black and yellow.
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Lateral Buoyseither red
or green, or a
combination of the two.
Numbered from seaward,
meaning the numbers increase
as you approach land.
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Buoy Description and Purpose Safe Water Marks - presence of a channel. Fitted with a red ball topmark or a white light flashing MORSE ALPHA. Special Marks - Painted yellow.Isolated Danger Marks - Painted black and red.
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Special Buoys Used to mark:
– Prohibited areas– Limits of fish traps– Cable crossings– Anchorages– NOAA weather buoys
Color is yellow– Usually unlighted– NOAA weather buoys are lighted and typically use a
flashing 4 or 6 second yellow light
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Buoyage Systems There are two buoyage systems in the world today: IALA “A” and IALA “B”.
International Association of Lighthouse Authorities (IALA)
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Buoyage Systems IALA “B” memory aids:
Red Right Returning
Even Red Nuns have Odd Green Cans
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Light Attributes Color Phase Characteristics Period
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Color Common colors:
WhiteRedGreen
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Illustration Symbol and meaning
F. = Fixed
F.Fl. = Fixed and flashing
F.Gp.Fl. = Fixed and group flashing
Fl. = Flashing
Gp. Fl. = Group flashing
Gp. Fl. (1+2) = Composite group flashing
Mo. (A) = Morse code
Qk. Fl. = Quick flashing
I.Qk.Fl. = Interrupted quick flashing
E.Int. = Equal Interval (Isophase)
Occ. =Occulting
Gp.Occ. = Group occultingGp.Occ. (2+3) = Composite group occulting
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Lights and Lighted BuoysLateral and Channel Buoys - red or green with flashing phase characteristics.U.S. Safe Water Marks - Show a white light with Morse “Alpha” ( ) with a period of about eight seconds.Fixed Lights and Lighthouses - variety of phase characteristics, lights, and colored sectors to distinguish from the background lights of the shore.
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Ch
ann
el
Bu
oys
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Safe Water BuoysSafe Water Buoys
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Preferred Channel BuoysPreferred Channel Buoys
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Mast
Piles
PepeReefUncov.
1 m
HobbsRks
PepeIsland
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Kentmore marina
Pepe PtFl 6s 54ft 7M
R14Fl R 5s
G13Fl G 2.5s
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Aids To Navigation
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Using Buoys and Lights in Piloting
Buoys should never be used to fix your
position!Lights and Lighthouses - fixed andprovide for good visual fixing both during the day and at night.
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