Acids and BasesBy: Fernando Dueñas, Juan Pablo, and Héctor

Abraham

Whats is an acid?

• An acid is a substance, and when it´s combined with a solution gives the solution a pH lower than 7.

What is a base?

• A base is a substacnce that gives the solution a pH greater than 7.

Water, acid or base?

• Water, can be both an acid or a base. It can be consider an acid in some cases and a base in some others, this is called Amphoteric.

Conjugate acid and conjugate base

• Acids can release protons and bases can accept them.

Conjugate Base

• When the acid releases a proton is able to acept one, so it can act like a base, a Conjugate Base is an acid that can act like a base.

Conjugate Acid

• When the base accepts a proton is able to release it, so it can act like an acid, a Conjugate Acid is a base that can act like a acid.

Ionization

• Ionization is a porcess in which a molecule separes into it´s ions.

Acid

• If an acid ionizes completely becomes a strong acid, but if it ionizes only partially is a weak acid.

Base

• If a base ionizes completely becomes a strong base, but if it ionizes only partially is a weak base.

Indicator

• An indicator is a substance that changes it´s color in the presence of an acid or a base

Models

• The Arrhenius model said that acids almost everytime it contain H+ and bases always contain OH-.

Models

• Lowry’s model: Lowry think of acids as being a proton donor and proton acceptors, so bases do no need OH-.

Models

• Lewis: Lewis said that on a base-acid reactions, acids accept electrons and bases donate electrons.

Physical Properties

Chemical properties

• Chemical Properties of acids:

• 1.Acids react with bases to form salt+water

• 2.Acids are corrosive in nature

• 3. Acids release H+ ions in water(aqueuos solution)

Chemical Properties of bases:1.they are corrosive as well

2.reacts with acids to form salt+water 3. Bases release OH- ions in a water solution

Acids and bases

• The acids and bases are two kinds of substances, in a simple way they can be characterized by the properties manifested.

Acids

The acids characteristics are:

Taste sour.

Are corrosive to metals.

Change litmus red.

Become less acid when mixed with bases.

Bases

The bases characteristics are:

Feel slippery.

Change litmus blue.

Become less basics when mixed with acids.

[H+] pH Example

Acids 1 X 100 0 HCl

1 x 10-1 1 Stomach acid

1 x 10-2 2 Lemon juice

1 x 10-3 3 Vinegar

1 x 10-4 4 Soda

1 x 10-5 5 Rainwater

1 x 10-6 6 Milk

Neutral 1 x 10-7 7 Pure water

Bases 1 x 10-8 8 Egg whites

1 x 10-9 9 Baking soda

1 x 10-10 10 Tums® antacid

1 x 10-11 11 Ammonia

1 x 10-12 12 Mineral lime - Ca(OH)2

1 x 10-13 13 Drano®

1 x 10-14 14 NaOH

Bibliography

• Carpi, A. (2003, 01). Acids and Bases: An Introduction. VisionLearning. Info got 06, 2015, de http://www.visionlearning.com/en/library/Chemistry/1/Acids-and-Bases/58

• (2013, 07). Acids and Bases Are Everywhere. Chem4Kids. Info got 06, 2015, de http://www.chem4kids.com/files/react_acidbase.html

• Our Notebook.