AHRI Low Global Warming Potential Alternative …€¦ · AHRI Low Global Warming Potential...
Transcript of AHRI Low Global Warming Potential Alternative …€¦ · AHRI Low Global Warming Potential...
AHRI Low Global Warming Potential Alternative Refrigerants Evaluation Program
Welcome to the Conference
Orlando, FLJanuary 21, 2016
2
Conference Overview
Air-Conditioning
& Heat Pump-Session I
Compressor-Session II
Compressor-Session I
Air-Conditioning
& Heat Pump-Session II
Refrigeration Equipment &
Summary of High Ambient Tests
Air-Conditioning
& Heat Pump-Session III
break break break breaklunch
Please return the completed survey form before leaving the conference
Housekeeping announcement:– Wireless access: connect only one device/person
– Seating
Low-GWP AREP Overview
Cooperative research & testing program to identify suitable alternatives to high GWP refrigerants
Evaluation of candidates strongly desired by OEMs
The program is NOT to prioritize refrigerants, rather test and present objective results in a consistent manner
Solicited the industry for a list of low-GWP refrigerant candidates
Solicited organizations for test plans
– Testing companies propose test plans according to their individual interest
– Testing companies directly report test results to AHRI Low-GWP AREP Technical Committee
Low-GWP AREP Overview
Final reports available to the public
– AHRI web site: Home page > Resources > Research
– http://www.ahrinet.org/research.aspx
Phase I was completed at the end of 2013.
– 38 refrigerants were evaluated in Phase I.
– AHRI published 40 test reports.
Low-GWP AREP Overview
Phase II testing started in 2014
– 29 new refrigerants were proposed, and 17 were tested.
– include high ambient testing up to 125°F (52°C)
– Equipment covered :
• Compressors (8 test companies)
• Air-conditioning products including AC&HP, RTU, Chillers (13 test entities)
• Refrigeration products (5 test companies)
Low-GWP AREP Overview
Phase II completion status
27 reports have been published and 7 more will be available soon.
– Compressor calorimeter test (12 reports)
– System drop-in test (16 reports)
• only minor modifications are allowed
– System “soft-optimization” test (6 reports)
• systems are modified for the alternative refrigerants using standard production line components
Tested Low-GWP Refrigerants in Phase II
Baseline Low-GWP Refrigerants Composition (Mass%) Classification GWP*
R-404A
ARM-35 R-32/R-125/R-1234yf 12.5/61/26.5 A1 2220
DR-34 (R-452A) R-32/R-125/R-1234yf 11/59/30 A1 2140
N-40c (R-448A) R-32/R-125/R-134a/R-1234yf/R-1234ze 26/26/21/20/7 A1 1387
ARM-20a R-32/R-1234yf/R-152a 18/70/12 A2L 139
HDR110 R-32/R-1234yf/R-744 21.5/75.5/3 A2L 148
R-410A
ARM-71a R-32/R-1234yf/R-1234ze(E) 68/26/6 A2L 460
DR-5A (R-454B) R-32/R-1234yf 68.9/31.1 A2L 466
DR-55 R-32/R-125/R-1234yf 67/7/26 A2L 698
HPR2A R-32/134a/1234ze(E) 76/6/18 A2L 600
L-41-1 (R-446A) R-32/R-1234ze/R-600 68/29/3 A2L 461
L-41-2 (R-447A) R-32/R-1234ze/R-125 68/28.5/3.5 A2L 583
R22/R-407C
DR-93 R-32/R-125/R-1234yf/R-134a 20/20/31/29 A1 1251
N-20b R-32/R-125/R-134a/R-1234yf 13/13/31/43 A1 988
R-449B R-32/R-125/R-1234yf/R-134a 25.2/24.3/23.2/27.3 A1 1412
ARM-20b R-32/R-1234yf/R-152a 35/55/10 A2L 251
DR-3 R-32/R-1234yf 21.5/78.5 A2L 148
L-20a (R-444B) R-32/R-1234ze/R-152a 41.5/48.5/10 A2L 295
*GWP value is calculated based on IPCC AR-4 100 year.
Compressor Test
All compressor tests are performed at a refrigerant’s dew point temperature.
When refrigerants exhibit temperature glide, actual systems operate closer to the mid-point condition.
When comparing compressor performance of one refrigerant with glide to another refrigerant without glide, or comparing two refrigerants with significantly different glides:– Comparison at pressures corresponding to the mid-point of the
temperature glide rather than the dew point will yield results that are more representative of actual operation in a system.
– Recommend evaluating with a system simulation model using compressor test data.
Drop-in Tests
Conducted with the alternative refrigerants placed in representative existing systems, with only minor modifications, if any, made to the equipment.
Tested at AHRI Standard Rating Conditions for the equipment type. Optionally, additional tests may be conducted at high ambient temperature conditions.
Alternative candidate refrigerant results compared to test with baseline refrigerant.
Modifications include:– Adjustment of refrigerant charge quantity
– Adjustment of expansion device (if adjustable)
– Adjustment of compressor speed (if adjustable)
Drop-in Tests
When comparing drop-in test results, carefully review whether charge quantity, expansion device, and/or compressor speed were adjusted.
Results may vary significantly based on the criteria used to make adjustments.
– Charge optimization may target maximum capacity, or maximum efficiency (either full load or part load seasonal value), or neither (such as matching a target subcooling value).
– Compressor speed adjustment accommodates differences in volumetric capacity of each refrigerant.
Soft-Optimization Tests
Systems modified for alternative refrigerant using standard production-line components– Compressor displacement, motor size, speed adjustment
– Piping, tubing, accumulator sizes
– Flow control, expansion device
– Heat exchanger circuiting
– Heat exchanger size, provided that total area of condenser plus evaporator remains the same
– Refrigerant charge quantity
– Lubricant type, viscosity, quantity
Not product development. Creating fully optimized systems is work for individual companies, and is not a part of the program.
Comparison of Cycle Calculations
Simplest comparison is an ideal vapor compression cycle, but not always a good prediction of real systems.– AREP Participant’s Handbook, Appendices B & C
– Different operating conditions will show different relative results
In addition to the basic thermodynamic cycle, heat transfer and pressure drop effects can be estimated using transport properties in system simulation models of varying complexity. Provides a better estimate of relative results, but still essentially a drop-in type of evaluation.
Next level of sophistication is simulation of soft-optimization types of design changes.
Be aware of the comparison type when reviewing claims!
Acknowledgments
Testing Entities in Phase I and II:
Refrigerant Suppliers
AREP Technical Committee
– ARMINES-MINES ParisTech
– BITZER
– Bristol Compressor International Inc.
– Carrier Corporation
– Carlyle Compressor
– Climate Master
– Daikin Applied Americas, Inc.
– Daikin Industries Ltd
– Danfoss
– Embraco Brazil
– Embraco Slovakia Sro
– Emerson Climate Technologies
– Friedrich Air Conditioning Company, LTD.
– Goodman Manufacturing
– Hillphoenix
– Hussmann
– Johnson Controls, Inc.
– Kold- Draft International, LLC
– Lennox Industries Inc.
– LG Electronics
– Manitowoc Ice, Inc.
– Oak Ridge National Laboratory
– Shanghai Hitachi Electrical Appliances CO.,LTD
– Tecumseh Company Co.
– Thermo King / Ingersoll Rand
– Trane/ Ingersoll Rand
– University of Maryland
– WaterFurnace International Inc
– Zamil Air Conditioners
– Arkema, Inc.
– ComStar Intermational Inc
– Daikin Industries Ltd
– Chemours Co.
– Honeywell International, Inc
– Mexichem Fluor, Inc
– National Refrigerants, Inc
Next Steps
Key issues to move forward with Low GWP refrigerants:
– Dealing with temperature glide
– Heat transfer and transport properties for new refrigerants
– Material compatibility
– Safe use of A2L flammable refrigerants
AHRI Flammable Refrigerants Subcommittee (FRS)
– determine gaps in existing flammable refrigerant research.
– facilitate key research.
– produce publicly available and technically sound references to support code and standard activities related to the use of flammable refrigerants.