AGROFORESTRY AND SUSTAINABLE VEGETABLE PRODUCTION IN SOUTH EAST ASIAN WATERSHEDS
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Transcript of AGROFORESTRY AND SUSTAINABLE VEGETABLE PRODUCTION IN SOUTH EAST ASIAN WATERSHEDS
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AGROFORESTRY AND SUSTAINABLE VEGETABLE PRODUCTION IN SOUTH EAST ASIAN WATERSHEDS
TRIKOESOEMANINGTYASHERIEN PUSPITAWATI
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Vegetable Agroforestry System
1. Aleviate poverty2. Aleviate food scarcity
3. Reduce environmental degradation of watersheds
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Importance of womenin small scale farms socio cultural constraints
time and mobility constraints
Lack in participation Lack in access to the benefits
Needs gender-sensitive project planning
T M P E G S
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Objective 5 : Gender
1. to ensure women involvement in decision making2. to ensure women participation in VAF production
and marketing training3. Involvement in women farmers' or marketing
association
Gender Sensitive Project Planning and Implementation
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FY-1 –FY 2: Gender Analysis
1. Gender baseline survey
a. activity profileb. access and control of resourcesc. decision making profiled. local wisdom
2. Focus Group Discussion
Women's collective views on a. adoption indigenous vegetable productionb. pariticipation in trainingsc. organization of women in production and marketing
groups/association (June 2007)
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- Based on surveys on women perception of problems- Women practical needs are more dominant Gender Practical Needs
- Financial difficulties (73.2%)- Food provision (48.6%)- Health care (50.3 %)
Gender Strategic Interests- low participation in organization (76.5%)- low competency (68.5%)
Gender Specific Needs:
1. Assesment on Baseline Data
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Access and Control Profile gender differences exist in access and control over lands and production inputs
a. Land :- only 13.8% of women have access to land and only 13.1 have control over land (linked to access to credit)
b. Production inputs- only 12.9 % women have access to credits and fewer (3.3%) have access or control over production inputs and technologies
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c. Marketing- Only 1.6 % of women have access and control the postharvest technologies, - But more (12.6%) have access and control over marketing
d. Organization and trainings- 9.1 % of women have access to organization- 14.5 % of women have access to training
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Gender role in Decision Making
-Gender differences in decision making
-Men are dominant in farm financial planning and expenditures
-Women are dominant in family financial decision making
-Women are motivated to learn about managing family finance (40.2%) , -Only 11.2% are motivated to learn about farm financial management (11.2%)-Both women and men involve in the decision on what commodity to plant (34%) and utilization of home garden (26.1%)
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Copping Stategies
Men : - 44% finds extra jobs- 5.5 % ask wife to work
Women : - 79.4 % reduce food expenses- 42.2 % reduce health care expenses- 36. 9% reduce education expenses
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Activity Profile
- Women allocated more time for domestic works (4 - 10 hr/day)
- Women allocated only less than 4 hours for agriculture production. - Women who work in ricefields allocate more time and who work in dry land farming allocate less time.
b. productive role
a. Reproductive role
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- Women involvement in community works and organization is limited.
- 95.1 % involves in religous meeting (majlis taklim)
- 33.3% involves in volunteer works (health and education)
c. Community roles
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Local Wisdom
-Local wisdoms (norm, beliefs) leading to gender differences
a. Men
- able to work and provide for the family (40.4 %)- responsible to family welfare (16.9 %)
b. Women
- obidience to husband (36.6%)- able to do domestic chores (14.8 %)
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Gender Issues Related to Strategic Objectives
SO 1 : Involvement of women in decision process
Women have little role in decision in farming activiies10.2 % in financial planning 9.3 % in purchase of production input
Women participate in decision on type of commodity to plant (34.4%)
Men dominate in decision on the utilization of home garden (47.4%)
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SO2 : participation in production and marketing
Women involvement in non-rice based farming is limited (9.6- 12.1%)
Women have little access and control over resources13.0% have access over land12.9% have access over credit3.3 % have access over production inputs and labour
Most women (83.6%) do not consider marketing farm produce as their concern.12 % have access and control over marketing
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Constraints for Women Participation in VAF system
Gender Strategic Needs- low participation in organization (76.5%)- low competency/skills (68.5%)
Socio-cultural Constraints
1. No specific cultural constraint for women to participate2. Norm and values emphasize on women reproductive
and domestic roles3. Little involvement in decision making4. Copping strategies do not involve income generating
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Time and Mobility Constraints
- women do not have time constraint to participate
- Women have mobility constraint due to lack of transportation and distance
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2. Focus Group Discussion
Objectives :
To obtain women's collective views on indigenous
vegetables in VAF system To obtain women's views on mechanism to ensure
women participation in trainings To provide information on values and utilization of
indigenous vegetables
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The Participants :
1. Women farmers
2. Health care volunteer
workers (kader posyandu)
3. Representatives of women
organization (PKK)
4. Women with young children
30 Women from Hambaro village
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1 Women Views indigenous vegetable in VAF system
• All women are familiar with the indigenous vegetables
• Most have cultivate leafy vegetables (kangkung, katuk)
• Most consider leafy vegetable more marketable
• Most consider Honje and Tebu Trubuk less marketable
• Most likely to plant leafy vegetables
• Most would like to adopt the pratice but unsure of marketing
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women's views on mechanism to ensure women participation in trainings
Most women would like to participate in trainings
Training should be done on days when there is no
meeting at majlis taklim (local specific)
Distance to training place is a major concern (cost of transportation )
Most would like to have training on family fanancial management
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Participants in visit the trials before the meeting
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Values and utilization
of
indigenous vegetables
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1. Nutritional values of indigenous vegetables2. Medicinal properties of some indigenous vegetables3. Tips on storage of fresh vegetables4. Tips on processing fresh vegetables
Values and Utilization of Indigenous Vegetables
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The Cooking Class
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Next in Schedule
1. Studies on dynamics of Women Organization
2. Formulation of recommendation of gender sensitive planning
3. Training on family financial management and copping strategies
4. Materials for gender awareness training
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Proposal for Expansion of Activities
Practical needs still dominatesLinked between practical needs and strategic interests
Needs for agriculture based empowerment of women and families
Intervention in developing training for farm familiesIntervention at institutional level (scheem of credits, regulations)
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Participating Scientists :
1. Trikoesoemaningtyas(Dept. Agronomy Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB)
2. Herien Puspitawati(Dept. Family and Consumers Sciences,
Faculty of Human Ecology, IPB)
Student Involvement :
1 Doctorate student3 undergraduate students