Agroecology: at the crossroad for adaptation to climate impacts, desertification reduction and...
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Transcript of Agroecology: at the crossroad for adaptation to climate impacts, desertification reduction and...
Agroecology: at the crossroad for adaptation to climate impacts, desertification reduction and
biodiversity conservation
Methodology2
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Zone 1: Arid
Zone 2: Sub-arid
Zone 3: Sub humid
Zone 4: Humid tropical
Areas not considered
in the study
Delimitation of the 4 zones of study (adapted from: Peel et al. 2007)
Oasis(CARI 2006)
Agropastoral(CARI 2007)
Mixed crop-livestock(AVSF 2013)
Agroforestry(AVSF 2014)
Methodology
3
Tool Result Focus
Literature review Identification of major challenges for peasants The 4 zones
Semi-structured interviews with French
NGOs (16)
Identification of peasants’ agroecological practices
The 4 zonesFocus on the referent
farming systems
More directive interviews with specialized NGOs (6)
Identification of innovative combinations of
agroecological practicesThe referent farming
systems
Data analysis
Evaluation of relevance of agroecological practices to
face climate change effects
The 4 zones
Impacts of climate in arid and sub aride areas of Africa
Lower volume
of available water
Higher uncertainty about water
availability in time and space
Loss of organic matter
Salinisation
Increased
evapotranspiration
Enhanced sensitivity of crops linked to
droughts and floodsDestruction of crops by
floods and heat waves
Reduction of
cultivated surfaces
animal
Reduc
tion o
f dive
rsity
and
produ
ctivit
y
of pa
stures
Reduction of land carrying
capacity
Parasites and diseases spreading
Mortality of animals linked to droughtswater
soil
plant
landscape
Expansion of desert
areas
Why agroecology could be a solution for farmers, regarding land
degradation, biodiversity and adaptation?
Basic principles of agroecology (Altieri 2002):• enhancing biomass renewal and optimizing nutrient availability and
balance of nutrient flows;• ensuring favorable soil conditions for plant growth (organic matter
management, soil cover, improvement of biological activity in the soil);• minimizing losses in solar energy, air and water;• promoting genetic diversification of species in time and space;• adding value to favorable biological interactions.
Agroecology also includes social and economic principles:• social organization and local knowledge transmission• guarantee of decent revenue for farmers and their families
Practicies implemented by smallholder farmers in oasis systems
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Practicies implemented by smallholder farmers in oasis systems
Practicies implemented by smallholder farmers in agropastoral
systems
Innovation in combination of practices in Burkina Faso
Alternance off season vegetable production (thanks to water reservoirs) / cereals in wet season.
Mecanization of holes digging and
fertilization with compost
instead of household waste.
Collection of rain water (roofs, catchment areas), run-off water (reservoirs, mini-dams) and groundwater (wells).
Seed scoating (clay soil, compost, cereal bran) before sowing in zaï holes to maintain humidity and avoid consumption by animals.
Enrichment of compost: with trichoderma acting as fungicide or with natural phosphate.
Biogas fabrication from animal excrements and use of effluents for fertilization.
Maintenance of organic matter and humidity in plots
thanks to stone bunds, contour bunding...
Mecanized zaï holes and improved compost
Devices to collect and store water
Bio digester
Seeds coating and dry sowing
Enriched compost
Rotation cereals-legumes
Anti-erosion devices
Agroforestry
Plantation of cereals in Acacia agroforestry parks (fertilizer tree specie)
Relevance of agroecology in all the conventions and SDGs
• A better synergy between conventions is needed to tackle environmental issues, development, food security and poverty reduction.
• Land is the fundamental link between all these issues, and agroecology with its diversity of practices adapted to each area is the best solution to promote.
• SGD 2 « End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture »SDG 15 « Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt an d reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss »
UNFCCC UNCCD
AGROECOLOGY
Thank you for your attention !
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CARI 2007