Agriculture part 4
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Transcript of Agriculture part 4
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Advances in Transportation & Food StorageAdvances in Transportation & Food Storage- Containerization of seaborne freight traffic- Refrigeration of containers, as they wait transport in Dunedin, New Zealand
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Agriculture and ClimateAgriculture and Climate
• Climate Regions (based on temperature and precipitation) help determine agriculture production.
• Agriculture Regions – drier lands usually have livestock ranching and moister climates usually have grain production.
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World Map of ClimatesWorld Map of ClimatesKoppen Climate Classification SystemKoppen Climate Classification System
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World Map of AgricultureWorld Map of Agriculture
Cash Crop and Plantation AgricultureCotton and RubberLuxury CropsCommercial Livestock, Fruit, and Grain AgricultureSubsistence AgricultureMediterranean AgricultureIllegal Drugs
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Agribusiness & the Changing Geography Agribusiness & the Changing Geography of Agricultureof Agriculture
• Commercialization of Crop Production
With the development of new agricultural technologies, the production of agriculture has changed.
- eg. Poultry industry in the US
production is now concentrated
farming is turning into manufacturing
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The Dutch FlowerMarket
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Plantation AgriculturePlantation Agriculture• Governments in core countries
set quotas for imports & subsidize domestic production
• Large scale cash cropping is called plantation agriculture-a hold over from the colonial period
• Bananas, sugar, coffee, cacao, rubber and tea are examples.
• Sugar cane is a cash crop that drives the economies of many Caribbean nations
• Cartels are formed to boost prices, but are seldom successful
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RubberRubber• Originally collected from a wild
tree in Brazil and Africa, the seeds were planted to create plantations in Malaysia, Indonesia and other SE Asian countries.
• Today 70% of world rubber production is in SE Asia.
• Automobile production in the early 20th century boosted the demand for rubber. Of 17.7 tons used per year today about 10 million tons are synthetic-made from petroleum
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• A truck (an old English word for trade or barter) farmer in the city of Jakarta, Indonesia raises vegetables within sight of great skyscrapers.
• Land is valuable and a growing population requires that every square inch of fertile land is used to produce food
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Organic AgricultureOrganic Agriculture
• Organic Agriculture –
The production of crops without the use of synthetic or industrially produced pesticides and fertilizers or the raising of livestock without hormones, antibiotics, and synthetic feeds.
- sales of organic foods on the rise
- grown everywhere
- demand in wealthier countries
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Protest of GM Foods at the World Trade Organization meeting in Seattle, 1999
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Organic AgricultureOrganic Agriculture
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Fair Trade AgricultureFair Trade Agriculture• Fair Trade Coffee –
shade grown coffee produced by certified fair trade farmers, who then sell the coffee directly to coffee importers.
- guarantees a “fair trade price”
- over 500,000 farmers
- produced in more than 20 countries
- often organically produced
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Fair trade coffee farmer in El Salvador grows his beans organically and in the shade, allowing him to get a much better price for his coffee.
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Loss of Productive FarmlandLoss of Productive Farmland
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Meat Production on RanchesMeat Production on Ranches
Cattle, sheep, and goats are the main meat animals raised on ranches.
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Grain Importers and ExportersGrain Importers and Exporters
Most countries are net importers of grain. The U.S. is the largest net exporter.
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World Wheat ProductionWorld Wheat Production
Fig. 10-10: China is the world’s leading wheat producer, but the U.S. and Canada account for about half of world wheat exports.