AGRICULTURAL LENDING EVENT 09th May 2013

Istanbul

Dario Dilucia La Perna – TurSEFF Chief Engineer Gurhan Mamaklioglu – TurSEFF Project Engineer

INDEX

1. Overview of biomass conversion to electricity technologies

2. Overview of biomass conversion to electricity potential in Turkey

3. Case StudiesI. Biogas trigeneration, and;II. High efficient greenhouse.

Overview of biomass to electricitytechnologies

Classification by type of conversion

Thermo-chemical processGasification technology

Thermo-chemical processPyrolysis technology

Chemical processAnaerobic digestion

Thermal processCombustion

Gasification and Pyrolysis: advantages and disadvantages

Biogas and Combustion: advantages and disadvantages

Overview of biomass to electricitypotential in Turkey

Total primary energy consumption by energy source

The total primary energyconsumption in Turkey in 2011was 118 Mtoe*

+10% compared with 2010

Around 90% of primary energy consumption derives from fossil fuels.

RES accounts for 11%, of which 90% derives from HEPPs.

Source: World Energy Outlook, 2012

Biomass Energy Utilizing in Turkey

Biomass energy can be converted to both power and heatMost of the biomass to energy is used as source of heat in

wood-related industries and in houses for space heating Lumber, pulp and paper industries burn the wood wastes in large

boilers to partially match the energy requirement of the factory In houses, wood is burned in stoves and fire places for space

heating and cooking. Wood is the primary heating fuel in 6.5 million homes in Turkey.

Biomass to electricity technologies are not widely adopted in Turkey

The most widespread biomass to electricity technology is based on anaerobic digestion process (biogas and landfill gas)

Main biomass sources available in Turkey

Breakdown by electricity generation for RES power plants

Less than 1% of electricity from RES is generated by biomass plants

92%

1% 5% 1% 1%

Hydro

Solar

Wind

Geothermal

Biomass

Source: Global Energy Network Institute, 2011

Existing capacity and number of biomass to electricity power plants

Source: EPDK, 2012

160 MWel capacity has been already installed More than 90% of capacity derives from chemical process technologies based

on anaerobic digestion to generate either biogas or landfill gas

Biogas

Combustion, gaisification or pyrolysis

Landfill

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Biogas Combustion, gaisification orpyrolysis Landfill

Number 14 5 9Capacity, MWel 22.34 16.43 120

Primary energy production from biogas in the EU countries and Turkey

Source: Eurobserver and enerji.gov.tr

Energy potential by source of biomass

47%

13%

17%

9%

5%5% 4%

Annual crops

Perennial crops

Forest residues

Residues from agro‐industry

Residues from woodindustry

Animal wastes

More than 30 Mtoe of energy value from biomass has been estimated Almost 50% of biomass derives from annual crops. The second most available

biomass source derives from forest residues.

Source: TUBITAK MRC Energy Institute

Biomass to electricity potential in Turkey

60 TWh/year of electricity could be generated by biomass to electricity plants The electricity from biomass can potentially cover 25% of electricity demand of

Turkey as per 2011

Source: Ayhan Demirbas, «Production Potentitial of Electricity from Biomass in Turkey», Biotechnology 2006

59.4

0.45

230

0.1 1 10 100 1000TWh/year

Potential electricity generation frombiomass

Electricity generated from biomass in 2010

2011 Electricity consumption of Turkey

Case Studies

Biomass projects supported by TurSEFF and MidSEFF programmes (2010-2012)

TurSEFF and MidSEFF programmes:• 7 biomass energy conversion to electricity projects

– Biogas (3), – Gasification (1) and;– Landfill (3)

• Outcomes of projects:– Around USD 30 milion investment of which USD 23 milion

disbursed through TurSEFF and MidSEFF– 15 MWel installed– More than 90 GWh of electricity generated per year;– 25,000 toe of primary energy saved per year, and;– 125,000 tons CO2eq saved per year

Break-down of electricity generation of TurSEFF RES projects

9%

14%

56%

8%

6%

7%

Wind Power Plant

Geothermal Power Plant

Hydro Power Plant

Landfill gas plant

Biomass gasification

Biogas plant

Around 20% of electricity generated by RES projects supported under TurSEFFderives from biomass to electricity technologies

Case study (1) – Biogas trigeneration plant

Energy demand of the factory

• Factory producing:– White sugar, chocolate, biscuits,

animal food and vegetables. • Electricity demand

– Process equipment– supplied by the steam turbine

during the sugar campaign and grid

• Thermal demand– Steam for sugar process, and;– Hot water for other processes

• Cooling demand– Process cooling, and;– Space cooling

Project outcomes

• Tri-generation biogas plant– USD 2.6 million investment – Waste water from sugar-process;– Electric power: 1.56 MWel

– Thermal power: 1.61 MWth

– Cooling power: 0.85 MWfr

• Project results:– Supported by MidSEFF– 12,000 MWh electricity

generated per year;– 6,000 tons of CO2eq saved per

year;– NPV > USD 5.5 million– IRR = 35%– SPBT = 2.8 years

Electricity coverage of the tri-generation plant

52% of the grid electrical demand of the facility is covered by the engine

Thermal coverage of the tri-generation plant

10% of the “low quality” heat demand of the facility is covered by the engine

Cooling coverage of the tri-generation plant

89% of the cooling demand of the facility is covered by the absorption chiller

Some pictures of the plant

Case study (2) – Energy Efficient Greenhouse Technology

Project Figures

• 3.8 hectares of green house next to the sugar factory• USD 5.2 M Investment• Comparing to conventional greenhouses:

– %20 more productivity– %40 Less heating need– %30 less CO2 need– Minimal pesticide damage– Better climate control

Greenhouse Technology: Design

Sugar Factory

Green House

Heating Energy &CO2

• Heating provided by sugar factory nearby with heat recovery• CO2 provided from exhaust gases of the factory with capture systems• Hydroponics cultivation (soilless)• Height (7m) creates buffer between crop and glass• Full automatic climate control controls fresh air intake and provide

exact needs of temperature, pressure and humid• Air tubes brings homogenus distribution

Greenhouse Technology:Project outputs

Comparing to conventional greenhouses:• 25.9 MWh primary energy saving• Total 1.6 M USD saving from operation, 1.1 M USD

comes from energy and CO2 saving• Vegetable production increased 1460 to 2190

kg/month/1000m2• ESR = 68%• PB = 5.2 years• IRR = 17.6%

Some pictures of the greenhouse

Contact details

Asmadalı Sokak No:27Koşuyolu / Kadıköy, 34718 Istanbul / TURKEYTel: +90 216 340 0020 Fax: +90 216 339 2444www.mwhglobal.com