Agricultural commodity statistics...

Agricultural commodity statistics 2017

Department of Agricultureand Water Resources

Research by the Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences

DECEMBER 2017

© Commonwealth of Australia 2017

Ownership of intellectual property rights

Unless otherwise noted, copyright (and any other intellectual property rights, if any) in this publication is owned by the Commonwealth of Australia (referred to as the Commonwealth).

Creative Commons licence

All material in this publication is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Australia Licence, save for content supplied by third parties, logos and the Commonwealth Coat of Arms.

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Australia Licence is a standard form licence agreement that allows you to copy, distribute, transmit and adapt this publication provided you attribute the work. A summary of the licence terms is available from creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0. The full licence terms are available from creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode.

Cataloguing data This publication (and any material sourced from it) should be attributed as ABARES 2017, Agricultural commodity statistics 2017. CC BY 4.0.

ISSN 1839-8391 ISBN 978-1-74323-370-2 ABARES project 43047

Internet Agricultural commodity statistics 2017, is available at agriculture.gov.au/abares/publications.

Contact Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences (ABARES)

Postal address GPO Box 858 Canberra ACT 2601 Switchboard +61 2 6272 3933 Email [email protected] Web agriculture.gov.au/abares

Inquiries about the licence and any use of this document should be sent to [email protected].

The Australian Government acting through the Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, represented by the Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences, has exercised due care and skill in preparing and compiling the information and data in this publication. Notwithstanding, the Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, ABARES, its employees and advisers disclaim all liability, including liability for negligence, for any loss, damage, injury, expense or cost incurred by any person as a result of accessing, using or relying on any of the information or data in this publication to the maximum extent permitted by law.

i

ABARESAgricultural commodity statistics 2017

Foreword

Agricultural commodity statistics provides a comprehensive compilation of data on the Australian economy and the agriculture, isheries and forestry sectors. The tables presented here contain current data and historical data, with some series extending more than 40 years. This provides useful information for decision-makers to monitor industry developments over time.

The information contained in Agricultural commodity statistics underpins and complements ABARES analysis and can be used in conjunction with ABARES forecasts updated throughout the year in Agricultural commodities and Australian crop report. The information from these publications is presented at our national and regional Outlook conferences (agriculture.gov.au/abares/conferences-events).

Other ABARES publications containing more detailed commodity data are Australian forest and wood products statistics and Australian isheries and aquaculture statistics. A range of other research reports and tools can also be found at agriculture.gov.au/abares. These cover a wide range of economic and scienti ic information and data that can be downloaded at national, state and regional levels. Visit the webpage for a full picture of ABARES publications on the physical and inancial characteristics of the rural sector.

Steve Hat ield-DoddsExecutive DirectorDecember 2017

ii


lb pound 454 gramskg kilogram 2.20462 poundst tonne 1,000 kilogramskt kilotonne 1,000 tonnesMt megatonne 1,000,000 tonnesL litre 1.761 pintskL kilolitre 1,000 litresML megalitre 1,000,000 litresGL gigalitre 1,000,000,000 litresha hectare 2.471 acresm3 cubic metre 1.307 cubic yardsc cent (Australian)A$ dollar (Australian)$m million dollars (Australian)DM deutschmarkECU European currency unit€ euro£ pound sterlingUSc cent (United States)US$ dollar (United States)¥ yencif cost, insurance and freightcw carcase weightfas free alongside shipfob free on boardfot free on truckna not availablenec not elsewhere classifi ednei not elsewhere includednfd not further defi nedABARE Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource EconomicsABARES Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and SciencesABS Australian Bureau of StatisticsANZSIC Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classifi cationBAE Bureau of Agricultural Economics (now ABARES)BRS Bureau of Rural Sciences (now ABARES)CIS Commonwealth of Independent StatesEVAO Estimated value of agricultural operationsFAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsUSDA United States Department of Agriculture

All values and prices are in nominal terms unless stated in table footnotes.

Small discrepancies in totals are generally caused by rounding. Zero is used to denote nil or a negligible amount.

Abbreviations and symbols

iiiABARESAgricultural commodity statistics 2017

ContentsAustralian economy

Overview

1.1 Australian gross product, by sector 1

1.2 Australian employment, by sector 2

1.3 Value of Australian exports, by sector – balance of payments basis 3

1.4 Value of Australian exports, by sector – chain volume measures 4

1.5 Australian rural unit export returns 5

Macroeconomic indicators

2.1 Australian main macroeconomic indicators 6

2.2 Australian trade balance and foreign debt 7

2.3 Australian exchange rates with selected countries 8

2.4 Exchange rates for selected countries 9

2.5 Real gross domestic product growth for selected countries 10

2.6 Infl ation and interest rates in selected countries 11

2.7 Population in selected countries and regions 12

Farm sectors

3.1 Number of agricultural establishments and rural employment in Australia 13

3.2 Persons employed in agriculture, forestry and fi sheries 14

3.3 Farm land use and livestock numbers in Australia 15

3.4 Australian farm returns, costs and prices 16

3.5 Indexes of prices paid by farmers in Australia 17

3.6 Indexes of prices received by farmers in Australia 19

3.7 Major components of Australian farm costs 21

3.8 Volume of Australian farm production indexes 22

3.9 Gross value of Australian farm production 23

3.10 Australian winter and summer crop area and production 24

3.11 Australian winter and summer crop area and production, by state 25

3.12 Value of Australian agricultural exports (fob) 26

3.13 Value of Australian agricultural exports (fob), by country 27

3.14 Value of Australian agricultural imports 28

3.15 Value of Australian agricultural imports by country 29

iv


Rural commoditiesCoarse grains

4.1 Summary of Australian statistics for coarse grains 31

4.2 Australian coarse grains area, yield and production, by state 32

4.3 Summary of Australian statistics for barley, crops sown for grain 35

4.4 Summary of Australian statistics for oats, crops sown for grain 36

4.5 Summary of Australian statistics for sorghum, crops sown for grain 37

4.6 Summary of Australian statistics for corn (maize), crops sown for grain 38

4.7 Summary of Australian statistics for triticale, crops sown for grain 39

4.8 Volume of Australian exports of barley and sorghum, by destination 40

4.9 Australian coarse grains supply and disposal, by grain 41

4.10 Australian feed grains prices 42

4.11 Summary of world statistics for coarse grains 43

4.12 World coarse grains production, by region and country 44

4.13 World coarse grains production, by grain 45

4.14 Volume of world coarse grains trade, by region and country 46

4.15 Volume of world corn trade, by region and country 47

4.16 Volume of world barley trade, by region and country 48

4.17 Volume of world sorghum trade, by country 48

4.18 US coarse grains supply and disposal 49

4.19 US corn supply and disposal 49

4.20 US grain sorghum supply and disposal 50

4.21 Feedgrains export price quotation, by category 51

4.22 Coarse grains supply and disposal in major exporting countries 52

Cotton

5.1 Australian cotton area harvested and lint yield 54

5.2 Australian cottonseed and lint production 55

5.3 Australian production, trade and use of raw cotton 56

5.4 Volume of Australian exports of raw cotton, by destination 57

5.5 Cotton prices and unit values 58

5.6 Summary of world statistics for raw cotton 59

5.7 World area, yield and production of raw cotton 60

5.8 Volume of world exports of raw cotton, by country 61

5.9 Volume of world imports of raw cotton, by destination 61

v


Dairy products

6.1 Summary of Australian statistics for dairy products 62

6.2 Value of Australian exports of dairy products, by destination 63

6.3 Volume of Australian exports of dairy products, by destination 64

6.4 Australian dairy cow numbers, by state 65

6.5 Australian production of wholemilk, by state 66

6.6 Australian manufacture of dairy products 67

6.7 Australian consumption of dairy products 67

6.8 Australian milk prices and gross value of production 68

6.9 Average export unit values of Australian dairy products 69

6.10 Volume of Australian imports of cheese, by variety 70

6.11 Summary of world statistics for dairy products 71

6.12 Milk production in selected regions and countries 72

6.13 Production of dairy products in selected regions and countries 73

6.14 Volume of exports of dairy products, by selected countries 74

6.15 Volume of imports of dairy products, by selected countries 75

6.16 Stocks of dairy products in principal producing countries 76

Farm inputs

7.1 Indicative interest rates for the Australian farm sector 77

7.2 Rural indebtedness to fi nancial institutions 78

7.3 Australian farm fuel prices 79

7.4 Australian wages and the consumer price index 80

7.5 Australian tractor sales, by type 81

7.6 Value of Australian trade in selected farm machinery 82

7.7 Australian sales and prices of agricultural chemicals, by product type 83

7.8 Australian fertiliser prices, by type 84

7.9 World fertiliser indicator prices 85

7.10 Australian fertiliser consumption, by element 86

7.11 Volume of Australian imports of fertiliser, by element 87

7.12 Volume of Australian imports of raw materials for fertiliser production, by source 88

7.13 Volume of Australian trade in manufactured fertiliser, by type 89

7.14 Volume of Australian fertiliser imports, by state 90

7.15 Value of Australian fertiliser imports, by state 91

vi


Fisheries

8.1 Summary of Australian fi sheries production 92

8.2 Australian exports of edible fi sheries products 93

8.3 Australian exports of fi sh, by product type and destination 94

8.4 Australian exports of crustaceans, by product type and destination 95

8.5 Australian exports of molluscs, by product type and destination 96

8.6 Australian imports of edible fi sheries products 97

8.7 Australian imports of fi sh, by preparation and source 98

8.8 Australian imports of crustaceans, by preparation and destination 100

8.9 Australian imports of molluscs, by product type and source 101

8.10 Australian exports and imports of non-edible fi sheries products 102

Food

9.1 Summary statistics for the Australian processed food industry 103

9.2 Value of Australian food exports, by level of transformation 104

9.3 Value of Australian food exports to selected regions 105

9.4 Value of Australian food imports, by level of transformation 106

9.5 Value of Australian food imports from selected regions 107

9.6 Value of world food imports, by level of transformation 108

9.7 Value of world trade in processed foods, by major exporting countries 110

9.8 Value of world trade in processed foods, by major importing countries 112

Forestry

10.1 Logs harvested and estimated logs consumed 114

10.2 Land areas, by forest vegetation cover, 2011 115

10.3 Australian prices of selected forest products 116

10.4 Sales and service income in forest product industries 117

10.5 Employment in forest product industries 118

10.6 Value of Australian wood products trade 119

10.7 Australian production, trade and apparent consumption of sawnwood 121

10.8 Volume of Australian imports of sawnwood, by source and type 122

10.9 Australian production, trade and apparent consumption of panel products 123

10.10 Volume of Australian imports of veneer and wood-based panels, by source 124

10.11 Australian production, trade and apparent consumption of paper andpaper products 125

10.12 Volume of Australian imports of paper and paperboard, by type and source 126

10.13 Volume of Australian imports of wood pulp, by type and source 128

10.14 Volume of Australian roundwood and woodchip trade 129

vii


Horticulture

11.1 Summary of Australian statistics for fruit, nuts and vegetables 130

11.2 Australian production and trade for grapes and dried vine fruit 131

11.3 Production and trade of Australian fruit 132

11.4 Production and trade of Australian vegetables 133

Meat – general

12.1 Summary of Australian statistics for meat 134

12.2 Australian saleyard prices of livestock 135

12.3 Australian retail prices of meat 136

12.4 Australian exports of meat and livestock, by product 137

12.5 Summary of world statistics for livestock 138

12.6 Summary of US meat statistics 139

12.7 Gross value of Australian livestock slaughterings 140

Meat – beef and veal

13.1 Australian supply and use of beef and veal 141

13.2 Australian cattle numbers, by state and territory 142

13.3 Quantity of Australian exports of beef, veal and live cattle, by destination 143

13.4 Value of Australian exports of beef and veal, and live cattle (fob) 144

13.5 Prices for Australian beef and veal in principal overseas markets 145

13.6 World cattle numbers, by country 146

13.7 World beef and veal production, by country 146

13.8 Volume of trade in beef and veal, by selected countries 147

13.9 Summary of Japanese beef and veal statistics 148

13.10 Summary of Korean beef and veal statistics 149

Meat – pig and poultry

14.1 Australian supply and use of pig and chicken meats 150

14.2 Australian pig numbers, by state and territory 150

14.3 World pig and chicken meat production in selected countries 151

14.4 Volume of world pig meat trade for selected countries 151

Meat – sheep

15.1 Australian supply and use of lamb and mutton 152

15.2 Australian sheep numbers, by state and territory 153

15.3 Volume of Australian exports of sheep meat and live sheep, by destination 154

15.4 Value of Australian exports of sheep meat and live sheep (fob) 155

15.5 Prices for Australian lamb and mutton on principal overseas markets 156

15.6 World sheep numbers, by country 157

15.7 World lamb and mutton production, by country 158

15.8 Volume of trade in sheep meat, by selected countries 158

15.9 Volume of New Zealand sheep meat exports, by destination 159

viii


Oilseeds

16.1 Summary of Australian statistics for canola 160

16.2 Australian oilseeds area, yield and production, by state and type 161

16.3 Australian exports of oilseeds, vegeoils and meals, by type 163

16.4 Volume of Australian exports of selected oilseeds products, by destination 164

16.5 Volume of Australian imports of oilseeds, vegeoils and meals, by type 165

16.6 Summary of world statistics for oilseeds 166

16.7 World oilseeds production, by country 167

16.8 World oilseeds production, by type 168

16.9 Volume of world oilseeds trade, by type and country 169

16.10 Volume of world protein meals trade, by type and country 170

16.11 Volume of world vegeoils trade, by type and country 171

16.12 Selected oilseed, oilseed meal and vegeoil import price quotations, by country 172

Pulses

17.1 Summary of Australian statistics for pulses 173

17.2 Australian area sown, yields and production of selected pulses, by state 174

17.3 World pulse production, by country 177

17.4 Volume of world pulse trade, by country 178

Rice

18.1 Summary of Australian statistics for rice 180

18.2 Australian rice trade and payments to growers 181

18.3 Summary of world statistics for rice 182

18.4 World rice production, by country or region 183

18.5 Volume of world rice trade, by country or region 184

18.6 US rice supply and disposal 185

18.7 Rice export price quotations, by country and category 186

18.8 Rice supply and disposal in major exporting countries 187

Sugar

19.1 Summary of Australian statistics for sugar cane 188

19.2 Australian sugar production 189

19.3 Volume of Australian exports of sugar, by destination 190

19.4 World sugar supplies, consumption, trade and prices 191

19.5 World sugar production, by region and country 192

19.6 Volume of world sugar trade, by country 193

ix


Water

20.1 Average rainfall for principal Australian cropping districts 194

20.2 Agriculture water use, Australia 196

20.3 Irrigation activity, Australia 197

20.4 Sources of agricultural water, Australia 199

20.5 Water consumption, agriculture industry, Australia 201

Wheat

21.1 Summary of Australian statistics for wheat 203

21.2 Australian wheat area, yield and production, by state 204

21.3 Volume of Australian exports of wheat, by destination 205

21.4 Australian wheat supply and disposal 206

21.5 Summary of world statistics for wheat 207

21.6 World wheat production, by country 208

21.7 Volume of world wheat trade, by country 209

21.8 US wheat supply and disposal 210

21.9 Wheat export price quotation, by country and category 211

21.10 Wheat supply and disposal in major exporting countries 212

Wine grapes

22.1 Summary of Australian statistics for wine grapes 214

22.2 Summary of Australian statistics for wine 215

22.3 Australian wine exports, by type and major destination 216

22.4 Australian wine imports, by type and major source 217

22.5 Australian domestic wine sales, by type 218

22.6 Retail price indexes for alcoholic beverages 219

Wool

23.1 Summary of Australian statistics for wool 220

23.2 Australian shorn wool production, by state 221

23.3 Australian sheep disposal and wool production 222

23.4 Average prices for clean wool in principal exporting countries 223

23.5 Average world prices for synthetic fi bres 224

23.6 Australian wool exports, by destination, recorded trade basis 225

23.7 Australian wool exports, by type 226

23.8 World wool production, by country and type 227

23.9 Volume of wool exports, by main producing countries 228

23.10 Market prices for Australian wool, by category 229

x ABARESAgricultural commodity statistics 2017

APEC – Asia-Pacifi c EconomicCooperation

Founding members (1989)

Australia

Brunei Darussalam

Canada

Indonesia

Japan

Republic of Korea

Malaysia

New Zealand

Philippines

Singapore

Thailand

United States

First enlargement (1991)

People’s Republic of China

Hong Kong

Taiwan

Second enlargement (1993)

Mexico

Papua New Guinea

Third enlargement (1994)

Chile

Forth enlargement (1998)

Peru

Russian Federation

Vietnam

ASEAN – Association of Southeast Asian Nations

Brunei Darussalam

Burma

Cambodia

Indonesia

Laos

Malaysia

Philippines

Singapore

Thailand

Vietnam

European Union

Founding members (1957)

Belgium

France

Germany

Italy

Luxembourg

Netherlands

First enlargement (1973)

Denmark

Ireland

United Kingdom

Second enlargement (1981)

Greece

Third enlargement (1986)

Portugal

Spain

Fourth enlargement (1995)

Austria

Finland

Sweden

Fifth enlargement (2004)

Cyprus

Czech Republic

Estonia

Hungary

Latvia

Lithuania

Malta

Poland

Slovakia

Slovenia

Sixth enlargement (2007)

Bulgaria

Romania

Seventh enlargement (2013)

Croatia

xiABARESAgricultural commodity statistics 2017

This list is designed to help you locate some commonly used or diffi cult to fi nd general items.

Item Table no./s

Balance of payments 3, 4

Consumer price index 6, 16, 78

Employment 2, 13, 14, 103, 118

Exchange rates 8, 9

Exports, by sector 3, 4

Export price indexes 5

Farm chemical, sales and prices of 83

Farm costs and components 21

Farm exports, summary 26

Farm indebtedness 78

Farm irrigation 196, 197, 198, 199, 200

Farm land use 15

Farms, number of 13

Fertilisers 84–91

Foreign debt 7

Gross product, by sector 1

Gross value of farm production 16, 17, 23, 68, 173

Indexes of prices received by farmers 16, 17, 18, 19, 20

Indexes of prices paid by farmers 16, 17, 18, 83, 84

Infl ation rates 11

Interest rates 6, 11, 77

Livestock numbers, summary 15, 138

Net value of farm production 16, 22, 23

Population, by selected countries and regions 12

Terms of trade, Australia 7

Terms of trade, farmers 16, 17, 18

Wine, exports and domestic sales 214–219

Australian economy

1

Overview


Nominal prices

Gross Gross

domestic domestic

Farm Total b product product

$m $m $m $m1973–74 0.0 0.0 463,713 60,2811974–75 14,796 16,990 469,972 71,1701975–76 16,149 18,396 482,132 83,2481976–77 16,546 18,886 499,477 96,0901977–78 15,969 18,267 503,956 104,9381978–79 19,845 22,233 524,334 118,6081979–80 17,056 19,500 540,243 134,4461980–81 14,591 17,096 558,275 152,1671981–82 17,441 19,893 576,859 175,6451982–83 13,295 15,544 564,049 189,1891983–84 19,778 22,274 589,890 213,4141984–85 19,845 22,318 620,854 235,0131985–86 18,856 20,758 645,918 260,2851986–87 18,659 20,982 662,416 285,7551987–88 17,848 20,528 700,436 323,9451988–89 18,435 21,433 727,527 367,5911989–90 20,154 23,189 753,463 403,9311990–91 21,397 24,474 750,542 414,5381991–92 20,261 23,177 753,860 422,4381992–93 21,804 24,395 784,304 443,3681993–94 22,884 25,405 815,509 465,7431994–95 18,557 21,683 846,742 494,5671995–96 23,333 26,268 879,583 527,5991996–97 25,034 28,390 914,472 555,2911997–98 24,958 28,547 956,325 588,0971998–99 27,910 31,486 1,004,314 619,8011999–2000 29,218 33,600 1,043,916 660,8602000–01 30,304 34,890 1,064,096 704,7662001–02 31,447 35,991 1,106,692 753,9442002–03 23,303 28,216 1,139,734 800,6282003–04 30,211 35,415 1,185,336 860,2152004–05 31,643 36,932 1,223,153 921,3532005–06 32,630 37,989 1,257,819 995,7192006–07 26,759 32,275 1,305,332 1,085,1452007–08 29,370 34,886 1,353,078 1,175,7372008–09 34,958 40,846 1,379,093 1,258,3022009–10 34,660 40,540 1,407,406 1,299,0792010–11 36,072 41,939 1,441,904 1,414,2202011–12 36,306 42,347 1,498,021 1,496,8002012–13 35,970 42,039 1,537,561 1,533,8812013–14 36,382 42,520 1,576,898 1,595,7762014–15 36,889 43,091 1,613,972 1,621,4042015–16 33,972 40,338 1,659,604 1,659,6032016–17 40,251 47,077 1,693,452 1,756,418a Reference year is 2015–16. Original series, based on ANZSIC codes. For more information on chain volume measures, see theAustralian Bureau of Statistics information paper Australian National Accounts, Introduction of Chain Volume and Price Indexes, cat.no. 5248.0, released 19 March 1998. b Includes farm, forestry, fishing and hunting.Sources: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Australian National Accounts, National Income, Expenditure and Product, cat. nos 5204.0and 5206.0, Canberra

Rural

Chain volume measures a

TABLE 1.1 Australian gross product, by sector

2

Overview


Food,

Forestry beverage

Commercial and Support and Total

Agriculture fishing b logging services Total tobacco Total Other employment

’000 ’000 ’000 ’000 ’000 ’000 ’000 ’000 ’0001973–74 377 na na na 427 na na na 5,8631974–75 368 na na na 414 na na na 5,8561975–76 365 na na na 401 na na na 5,9291976–77 360 na na na 393 na na na 5,9661977–78 351 na na na 390 na na na 6,0181978–79 348 na 12.4 na 388 na 1,205 na na1979–80 364 na 11.4 na 404 na 1,242 na na1980–81 367 na 17.1 na 414 na 1,246 na na1981–82 363 na 15.6 na 409 na 1,249 na na1982–83 374 na 13.5 na 417 na 1,163 na na1983–84 367 na 13.0 na 407 na 1,139 na na1984–85 361 na 11.7 17.1 403 na 1,139 na na1985–86 386 11.3 8.9 19.5 425 182 1,082 5,342 6,8501986–87 377 16.6 8.4 18.0 420 182 1,076 5,524 7,0201987–88 375 17.2 7.5 16.5 416 189 1,108 5,694 7,2191988–89 384 17.6 9.5 20.9 432 191 1,150 5,955 7,5371989–90 381 14.5 8.5 21.9 426 195 1,152 6,245 7,8221990–91 387 15.5 8.1 21.9 432 187 1,093 6,237 7,7621991–92 352 13.3 8.2 16.2 389 194 1,047 6,180 7,6161992–93 344 15.4 7.9 17.3 384 197 1,042 6,162 7,5881993–94 350 13.9 8.1 19.4 391 186 1,047 6,294 7,7331994–95 345 15.2 9.1 18.7 389 199 1,075 6,526 7,9911995–96 351 18.7 7.7 18.1 394 205 1,067 6,759 8,2191996–97 359 13.1 8.9 21.6 403 194 1,073 6,817 8,2921997–98 364 13.8 8.9 24.7 411 202 1,079 6,875 8,3641998–99 360 14.4 10.9 27.3 411 195 1,034 7,067 8,5121999–2000 379 16.3 7.2 27.7 430 196 1,028 7,224 8,6822000–01 368 20.0 9.0 26.8 423 197 1,073 7,406 8,9032001–02 378 19.1 9.8 24.5 433 201 1,035 7,563 9,0312002–03 333 17.8 7.4 22.8 382 202 1,065 7,789 9,2362003–04 320 15.4 8.6 24.3 371 191 1,021 8,001 9,3922004–05 308 13.3 8.4 24.2 356 214 1,044 8,198 9,5982005–06 301 12.0 8.8 25.7 350 202 1,016 8,541 9,9072006–07 299 9.4 8.2 24.5 343 211 1,009 8,815 10,1672007–08 292 13.4 7.2 27.7 338 225 1,041 9,115 10,4942008–09 310 9.1 8.3 21.5 354 221 1,031 9,349 10,7342009–10 304 11.6 6.8 22.8 346 220 994 9,464 10,8032010–11 303 11.9 5.8 23.1 347 220 974 9,735 11,0552011–12 273 10.8 6.9 23.5 316 219 942 9,943 11,2012012–13 271 9.3 7.5 22.0 311 215 940 10,110 11,3612013–14 263 8.7 5.6 24.5 304 223 926 10,204 11,4352014–15 282 14.2 6.0 20.9 325 228 915 10,360 11,5992015–16 273 11.0 5.5 20.3 312 228 883 10,637 11,8322016–17 262 15.9 7.4 25.7 310 235 901 10,770 11,980

Manufacturing

a Average employment over four quarters, based on ANZSIC 2006 and equivalent ASIC codes. b Includes aquaculture, fishing, hunting and trapping. Sources: Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), The Labour Force, Australia, cat. no. 6203.0, Canberra; ABS, The Labour Force, Australia, 1979 to 1990, cat. no. 6204.0, Canberra

Rural

TABLE 1.2 Australian employment, by sector a

3

Overview


Meat Wool Total

Cereal grains Sugar and meat and Other Total goods and

and products and honey preparations sheepskins rural a Total a merchandise Services services

$m $m $m $m $m $m $m $m $m

1973–74 748 230 795 1,242 588 3,603 6,861 1,064 7,9251974–75 1,460 661 444 770 605 3,940 8,656 1,504 10,1601975–76 1,397 599 668 1,043 730 4,437 9,628 1,625 11,2531976–77 1,317 645 886 1,558 935 5,341 11,618 1,851 13,4691977–78 1,330 544 1,118 1,292 1,075 5,359 12,208 2,087 14,2951978–79 1,182 466 1,711 1,608 1,390 6,357 14,292 2,676 16,9681979–80 2,957 719 1,729 1,790 1,667 8,862 18,946 3,147 22,0931980–81 2,339 1,198 1,592 1,920 1,648 8,697 19,095 3,587 22,6821981–82 2,494 794 1,417 1,893 1,799 8,397 19,742 4,032 23,7741982–83 1,837 596 1,632 1,819 2,020 7,904 21,313 4,396 25,7091983–84 2,861 665 1,357 1,960 2,135 8,978 24,049 4,921 28,9701984–85 4,000 625 1,409 2,651 2,509 11,194 30,200 5,648 35,8481985–86 3,848 652 1,698 3,028 2,972 12,198 32,603 6,456 39,0591986–87 2,759 698 2,247 3,920 3,570 13,194 36,406 7,858 44,2641987–88 2,298 701 2,557 5,806 3,979 15,341 41,915 9,865 51,7801988–89 2,828 933 2,270 5,981 4,053 16,065 44,292 11,383 55,6751989–90 3,288 1,102 2,936 3,752 4,490 15,568 49,027 12,143 61,1701990–91 2,436 948 3,173 2,886 4,888 14,331 52,685 13,886 66,5711991–92 2,352 743 3,434 3,832 5,633 15,994 55,537 14,974 70,5111992–93 2,954 1,072 3,743 3,356 6,418 17,543 60,787 17,129 77,9161993–94 3,205 1,315 4,042 3,367 7,066 18,995 64,514 19,347 83,8611994–95 2,521 1,729 3,660 4,215 7,467 19,592 67,191 21,420 88,6111995–96 4,922 1,708 3,292 3,667 8,369 21,958 76,309 23,614 99,9231996–97 5,957 1,694 2,959 3,741 9,273 23,624 81,057 25,419 106,4761997–98 5,096 1,941 3,730 4,016 10,462 25,245 88,583 26,658 115,2411998–99 5,017 1,472 4,007 2,603 11,593 24,692 85,636 28,122 113,7581999–00 4,942 1,229 4,469 2,961 13,064 26,665 97,685 30,809 128,4942000–01 5,937 1,330 5,795 3,894 15,730 32,686 120,201 36,505 156,7062001–02 6,482 1,610 6,248 3,694 16,379 34,413 121,067 35,626 156,6932002–03 4,487 1,365 5,656 3,602 14,792 29,902 115,895 37,049 152,9442003–04 5,093 1,129 5,758 2,813 13,984 28,777 109,418 38,709 148,1272004–05 5,160 1,296 6,933 2,836 14,057 30,282 127,811 40,661 168,4722005–06 4,852 1,765 6,709 2,543 14,531 30,400 154,044 44,185 198,2292006–07 4,171 1,671 7,080 3,064 14,320 30,306 169,621 49,910 219,5312007–08 4,975 1,158 6,542 2,800 14,512 29,987 182,925 54,441 237,3662008–09 6,881 1,500 7,454 2,322 15,871 34,028 231,622 58,272 289,8942009–10 5,266 2,067 6,350 2,303 14,507 30,493 201,809 55,961 257,7702010–11 7,351 1,619 6,930 3,048 15,901 34,849 247,021 56,652 303,6732011–12 9,061 1,746 7,121 3,123 18,062 39,113 265,747 56,349 322,0962012–13 9,285 1,615 7,645 2,869 19,059 40,473 248,880 57,708 306,5882013–14 9,317 1,564 9,862 2,877 20,440 44,060 273,820 62,502 336,3222014–15 8,888 1,820 12,975 3,154 20,475 47,312 255,524 68,967 324,4912015–16 7,986 2,030 12,256 3,283 22,712 48,267 244,147 75,377 319,5242016–17 s 9,345 1,733 11,062 3,617 25,785 51,542 291,598 81,642 373,240

Rural products

a Prior to 1989–90, wine and paper and paperboard are excluded. s ABARES estimate for sugar and honey.Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Balance of Payments, Australia, cat. nos 5302.0 and 5303.0, Canberra; ABS,Balance of Payments, Australia – Historical Series on Microfiche, cat. no. 5337.0, Canberra; ABS, International Trade, Australia, cat.no. 5465.0, Canberra

At nominal prices

TABLE 1.3 Value of Australian exports, by sector – balance of payments basis

4

Overview


Meat Wool Total

Cereal grains Sugar and meat and Other Total goods and

and products and honey preparations sheepskins rural b Total b merchandise c Services c services c

$m $m $m $m $m $m $m $m $m1973–74 na na na na na na 29,457 6,800 35,8611974–75 2,562 759 3,221 3,521 1,979 12,042 31,738 8,206 39,3691975–76 2,614 774 4,386 4,761 2,399 14,934 33,536 7,811 40,9081976–77 2,678 960 5,275 5,339 2,582 16,834 36,233 7,933 43,8301977–78 3,170 918 5,791 4,145 2,562 16,586 36,947 8,290 44,8171978–79 2,327 708 6,071 4,792 2,998 16,896 38,951 9,744 47,9971979–80 4,690 883 4,659 4,533 3,182 17,947 41,990 9,983 51,3901980–81 3,229 960 4,465 4,615 2,990 16,259 38,773 10,907 48,8941981–82 3,541 964 4,412 4,355 3,162 16,434 39,686 11,184 50,0491982–83 2,502 997 4,698 4,131 3,159 15,487 39,926 11,123 50,3101983–84 3,672 932 3,437 4,219 3,000 15,260 43,194 11,700 54,1491984–85 4,970 1,007 3,372 5,128 3,312 17,789 50,443 12,681 62,5081985–86 4,854 1,076 3,931 5,372 3,748 18,981 52,248 13,284 64,8751986–87 4,231 1,013 4,643 6,310 4,116 20,313 57,248 14,919 71,3771987–88 3,490 1,059 5,130 6,196 4,081 19,956 60,771 17,766 77,4091988–89 3,215 1,168 4,476 5,752 4,174 18,785 59,944 19,673 78,2121989–90 3,369 1,161 5,352 4,219 6,222 20,323 63,272 19,913 81,8651990–91 3,544 1,103 5,971 4,488 7,021 22,127 70,830 21,601 91,0791991–92 2,849 962 6,425 6,714 8,023 24,973 78,080 23,002 99,6911992–93 3,263 1,297 6,882 6,053 8,794 26,289 82,585 26,108 107,0781993–94 4,001 1,427 7,007 6,317 9,436 28,188 89,717 29,375 117,2391994–95 2,854 1,744 6,833 5,845 9,487 26,763 91,859 32,657 122,4131995–96 4,231 1,915 6,674 5,504 10,352 28,676 101,582 35,269 134,6051996–97 5,762 2,005 6,486 5,924 12,255 32,432 114,018 37,558 149,2541997–98 5,018 2,087 7,347 5,643 13,787 33,882 119,562 38,938 156,0901998–99 5,656 1,822 7,804 4,788 15,562 35,632 120,914 40,699 159,0791999–00 5,741 1,735 8,110 5,571 18,431 39,588 133,651 43,928 174,8152000–01 5,930 1,357 9,173 5,890 20,334 42,684 141,714 51,358 189,9232001–02 6,415 1,733 8,772 5,023 21,140 43,083 142,665 49,015 188,8822002–03 4,389 1,796 8,826 4,011 21,384 40,406 143,205 49,459 189,8222003–04 5,888 1,788 8,536 3,985 21,154 41,351 144,276 50,936 192,2702004–05 6,456 1,847 9,536 4,526 21,574 43,939 149,703 52,262 198,9212005–06 6,003 1,773 9,441 4,323 21,891 43,431 152,751 55,352 204,8322006–07 4,663 1,673 10,219 4,513 21,668 42,736 156,535 60,855 213,3142007–08 3,804 1,521 9,808 3,795 20,406 39,334 161,865 64,555 221,8672008–09 5,345 1,435 9,962 3,455 21,231 41,428 165,139 66,937 227,2022009–10 5,893 1,551 9,255 3,392 20,570 40,661 177,292 63,000 237,8762010–11 7,482 1,270 9,426 3,475 20,407 42,060 179,645 62,482 239,9232011–12 9,694 1,250 9,675 3,126 22,344 46,089 191,027 60,637 250,9662012–13 9,493 1,426 10,728 3,610 24,300 49,557 203,141 60,885 264,2752013–14 9,210 1,434 12,504 3,483 24,068 50,699 215,437 64,246 280,0082014–15 8,678 1,701 13,276 3,745 24,435 51,835 229,235 69,665 298,9982015–16 7,986 2,030 12,256 3,283 26,904 52,459 244,147 75,378 319,5242016–17 s 11,310 na 10,672 3,581 30,471 na 255,778 81,030 336,808

Rural products

a Reference year 2015–16. b Prior to 1989–90, wine and paper and paperboard are excluded. c Balance of payments basis. s ABARESestimate for sugar and honey.Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Balance of Payments, Australia, cat. nos 5302.0 and 5303.0, Canberra; ABS,Balance of Payments, Australia – Historical Series on Microfiche, cat. no. 5337.0, Canberra; ABS, International Trade, Australia, cat. no.5465.0, Canberra

TABLE 1.4 Value of Australian exports, by sector a – chain volume measures

5

Overview


Forest and

fisheries

Farm products Total

1990–91 84.5 99.1 85.81991–92 88.1 109 89.51992–93 90.2 119 92.51993–94 90.7 132 93.71994–95 101 125 1031995–96 107 125 1081996–97 95.6 123 97.91997–98 103 124 1051998–99 94.2 121 96.41999–2000 91.1 133 94.52000–01 110 145 1132001–02 118 145 1202002–03 115 140 1172003–04 106 128 1072004–05 105 129 1072005–06 105 132 1072006–07 109 136 1122007–08 121 141 1232008–09 122 149 1242009–10 107 141 1102010–11 118 143 1202011–12 119 140 1212012–13 116 138 1182013–14 125 147 1272014–15 133 158 1352015–16 140 163 1422016–17 139 173 142a In Australian dollars. Base: 1989–90 = 100. Source: ABARES

TABLE 1.5 Australian rural unit export returns a

6



Growth ofreal gross Consumerdomestic Short Long price

product term a term b Inflation c index d% % % %

1973–74 4.1 11.3 8.2 12.7 12.81974–75 1.3 10.5 9.5 16.9 15.01975–76 2.6 8.6 10.0 12.8 16.91976–77 3.6 9.8 10.2 13.7 19.31977–78 0.9 10.3 9.6 9.8 21.11978–79 4.0 9.5 9.2 8.0 22.81979–80 3.0 11.0 10.7 10.3 25.21980–81 3.3 13.4 12.6 9.3 27.51981–82 3.3 16.8 15.2 10.4 30.41982–83 – 2.2 14.3 14.5 11.5 33.91983–84 4.6 11.9 13.9 6.9 36.21984–85 5.2 13.2 13.4 4.3 37.81985–86 4.0 16.7 13.7 8.4 40.91986–87 2.6 15.9 13.6 9.3 44.71987–88 5.7 11.9 12.5 7.4 48.01988–89 3.9 15.5 12.9 7.3 51.51989–90 3.6 17.0 13.3 8.1 55.71990–91 – 0.4 12.3 12.1 5.3 58.61991–92 0.4 8.2 9.9 1.9 59.71992–93 4.0 5.6 8.3 1.0 60.31993–94 4.0 4.9 7.4 1.8 61.41994–95 3.8 7.2 9.9 3.2 63.41995–96 3.9 7.5 8.7 4.3 66.11996–97 4.0 6.3 7.7 1.3 67.01997–98 4.6 5.0 6.0 – 0.0 67.01998–99 5.0 4.9 5.4 1.3 67.81999–2000 3.9 5.6 6.5 2.4 69.42000–01 1.9 5.8 5.8 6.0 73.62001–02 4.0 4.6 5.9 2.9 75.72002–03 3.0 4.8 5.4 3.0 78.02003–04 4.0 5.3 5.7 2.4 79.92004–05 3.2 5.5 5.4 2.4 81.82005–06 2.8 5.7 5.4 3.2 84.42006–07 3.8 6.3 5.8 3.0 86.92007–08 3.7 7.3 6.2 3.4 89.82008–09 1.9 4.8 5.0 3.1 92.62009–10 2.1 4.0 5.5 2.3 94.82010–11 2.5 4.9 5.3 3.1 97.72011–12 3.9 4.4 4.0 2.3 100.02012–13 2.6 3.2 3.2 2.3 102.32013–14 2.6 2.6 4.0 2.7 105.02014–15 2.4 2.5 3.0 1.7 106.82015–16 2.8 2.2 2.6 1.4 108.32016–17 2.0 1.8 2.1 1.7 110.2

Interest rates

a 3-month bank accepted bills, average of monthly data from 1972-73 to 1975-76, average of daily data from 1976-77. b 10-year Treasury bonds, average of monthly data. c Percentage change in the consumer price index. d 2011–12 = 100.Sources: Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Australian National Accounts, National Income, Expenditure and Product, cat. no. 5206.0, Canberra; ABS, Consumer Price Index, cat. no. 6401.0, Canberra; Reserve Bank of Australia

TABLE 2.1 Australian main macroeconomic indicators

7



Share of Terms of Share of

Imports Exports Level GDP cd trade cde Level GDP d

$m $m $m % $m %1973–74 7,964 7,925 642 – 1.1 87.2 na na1974–75 10,483 10,160 959 – 1.4 78.7 na na1975–76 11,137 11,253 1,131 – 1.4 75.1 3,133 na1976–77 14,075 13,469 2,111 – 2.2 73.2 5,160 na1977–78 15,308 14,295 2,672 – 2.5 66.6 7,434 na1978–79 18,211 16,968 3,261 – 2.8 66.6 9,553 na1979–80 21,385 22,093 1,728 – 1.3 69.3 7,923 na1980–81 25,469 22,682 5,274 – 3.5 68.5 9,361 na1981–82 29,555 23,774 8,505 – 4.9 67.4 18,378 na1982–83 29,553 25,709 6,283 – 3.3 66.7 25,169 na1983–84 32,018 28,970 7,181 – 3.4 67.8 31,850 na1984–85 40,663 35,848 10,588 – 4.5 67.1 53,055 na1985–86 47,052 39,059 14,685 – 5.6 60.7 78,396 na1986–87 48,834 44,264 11,675 – 4.1 57.5 87,971 na1987–88 53,920 51,780 10,601 – 3.3 62.4 98,767 na1988–89 62,414 55,675 18,537 – 5.0 71.5 114,598 30.61989–90 68,953 61,170 23,365 – 5.8 71.8 130,999 32.41990–91 67,121 66,571 16,684 – 4.0 68.1 142,849 34.11991–92 69,360 70,511 12,921 – 3.1 66.0 161,651 36.51992–93 79,339 77,916 14,240 – 3.2 63.3 175,799 39.41993–94 86,262 83,861 15,605 – 3.3 61.5 169,420 38.61994–95 98,343 88,611 26,844 – 5.4 63.6 188,427 36.41995–96 102,318 99,923 20,683 – 4.0 65.4 190,999 36.81996–97 104,950 106,476 16,803 – 3.0 67.5 205,313 36.61997–98 120,412 115,241 23,417 – 4.0 67.1 223,125 37.61998–99 128,932 113,758 34,391 – 5.5 63.8 225,327 37.91999–2000 142,773 128,494 33,442 – 5.1 66.3 266,734 38.72000–01 156,098 156,706 19,583 – 2.8 67.5 295,880 43.32001–02 156,754 156,693 20,266 – 2.7 68.4 316,712 41.92002–03 169,812 152,944 39,334 – 4.9 69.5 348,471 43.92003–04 171,497 148,127 47,426 – 5.5 74.6 378,891 43.32004–05 193,754 168,472 60,564 – 6.6 81.8 421,820 45.22005–06 216,328 198,229 57,668 – 5.8 90.6 489,357 48.02006–07 237,397 219,531 66,580 – 6.2 97.1 535,811 49.62007–08 267,352 237,366 78,024 – 6.7 102.5 601,080 51.62008–09 287,226 289,894 42,393 – 3.3 110.5 622,618 52.82009–10 271,168 257,770 65,247 – 5.1 105.9 681,462 51.22010–11 289,987 303,673 45,298 – 3.2 127.9 674,853 48.12011–12 325,825 322,096 51,396 – 3.5 128.2 745,132 49.92012–13 326,500 306,588 60,403 – 4.0 116.1 809,181 51.32013–14 343,157 336,322 50,797 – 3.1 112.0 880,234 55.12014–15 349,160 324,491 60,004 – 3.7 100.0 961,187 58.92015–16 357,121 319,524 75,148 – 4.5 89.9 1,035,896 62.72016–17 362,244 373,240 32,842 – 1.9 103.1 963,740 60.2a Negative sign indicates current account deficit. b Ratio of implicit price deflator for exports of goods and services toimplicit price deflator for imports of goods and services. Base: 2014–15 = 100. c Average of quarterly data.d Seasonally adjusted. e As at 30 June.Sources: Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Australian National Accounts, National Income, Expenditure andProduct, cat. no. 5206.0, Canberra; ABS, Balance of Payments, Australia, cat. no. 5302.0, Canberra; ABS,International Investment Position, Australia, cat. no. 5306.0, Canberra

Balance on

goods and services

Current account

balance a Net foreign debt b

TABLE 2.2 Australian trade balance and foreign debt

8



Trade

United New Korea, United weighted

Japan States Zealand Rep. of Kingdom Euro index b

A$/¥ A$/US$ A$/NZ$ A$/won A$/£ A$/€

1973–74 408.19 1.47 1.03 587.02 0.62 na 115.501974–75 404.94 1.37 1.02 611.19 0.58 na 107.701975–76 379.39 1.26 1.19 610.30 0.63 na 105.301976–77 330.52 1.15 1.19 557.44 0.67 na 96.301977–78 273.88 1.13 1.13 545.95 0.62 na 89.301978–79 227.36 1.14 1.08 549.96 0.57 na 83.201979–80 259.57 1.11 1.13 594.26 0.50 na 83.761980–81 248.28 1.16 1.23 759.70 0.51 na 87.601981–82 257.36 1.11 1.37 776.58 0.60 na 91.011982–83 232.66 0.94 1.33 705.46 0.58 na 81.771983–84 211.95 0.92 1.40 729.62 0.65 na 81.471984–85 193.17 0.78 1.62 645.98 0.64 na 75.531985–86 140.66 0.70 1.30 620.97 0.49 na 62.271986–87 101.36 0.66 1.24 569.06 0.44 na 53.781987–88 97.68 0.73 1.13 567.51 0.42 na 54.781988–89 106.94 0.82 1.31 564.16 0.48 na 61.561989–90 113.23 0.77 1.31 527.24 0.47 na 60.001990–91 107.64 0.79 1.31 565.11 0.42 na 58.911991–92 101.01 0.77 1.39 583.58 0.44 na na1992–93 84.20 0.70 1.32 556.88 0.44 na 52.321993–94 73.40 0.69 1.23 559.13 0.46 na 51.451994–95 70.30 0.74 1.18 584.58 0.47 na 52.771995–96 77.70 0.76 1.14 589.30 0.49 na 54.841996–97 90.50 0.78 1.13 666.46 0.49 na 58.741997–98 85.97 0.68 1.15 850.60 0.41 na 58.331998–99 77.83 0.63 1.19 782.51 0.38 0.59 56.041999–2000 67.86 0.63 1.25 725.22 0.40 0.63 55.172000–01 61.47 0.54 1.27 652.02 0.37 0.60 50.322001–02 66.09 0.52 1.22 676.69 0.36 0.59 50.652002–03 70.02 0.58 1.12 705.30 0.37 0.56 53.472003–04 78.88 0.71 1.14 836.76 0.41 0.60 61.462004–05 80.46 0.75 1.08 803.73 0.41 0.59 62.742005–06 85.88 0.75 1.12 746.44 0.42 0.61 63.262006–07 93.19 0.79 1.15 739.40 0.41 0.60 64.822007–08 98.70 0.90 1.17 857.82 0.45 0.61 69.732008–09 74.15 0.75 1.23 943.29 0.46 0.54 60.272009–10 80.76 0.88 1.26 1 039.61 0.56 0.64 68.922010–11 82.10 0.99 1.30 1 115.55 0.62 0.73 73.982011–12 81.12 1.03 1.28 1 163.00 0.65 0.77 76.002012–13 89.90 1.03 1.25 1 137.89 0.66 0.80 77.002013–14 92.81 0.92 1.11 980.84 0.57 0.68 70.532014–15 95.53 0.84 1.08 900.59 0.53 0.70 67.142015–16 84.94 0.73 1.09 854.07 0.49 0.66 61.882016–17 82.30 0.76 1.06 859.68 0.59 0.69 64.77a Period average. b Base: May 1970 = 100. Sources: Reserve Bank of Australia; Commonwealth Bank of Australia; OANDA

TABLE 2.3 Australian exchange rates with selected countries a

9



United United

Australia Japan Euro Kingdom States Japan Germany

US$/A$ US$/¥ US$/€ US$/£1973 0.7030 271.31 na 0.4080 na na 123.41974 0.6940 291.85 na 0.4270 na na 122.31975 0.7630 296.79 na 0.4500 na na 116.51976 0.8160 296.45 na 0.5540 na na 116.91977 0.9020 268.62 na 0.5730 na na 118.51978 0.8740 210.39 na 0.5210 na na 119.31979 0.8950 219.02 na 0.4710 na na 119.51980 0.8780 226.63 na 0.4300 105.1 72.6 112.91981 0.8700 220.63 na 0.4940 115.8 77.6 103.11982 0.9830 249.06 na 0.5720 129.6 70.4 105.01983 1.1120 237.55 na 0.6600 135.7 76.2 105.61984 1.1370 237.46 na 0.7480 144.0 79.6 101.01985 1.4260 238.47 na 0.7710 149.0 81.6 98.31986 1.4900 168.35 na 0.6810 125.2 104.5 104.01987 1.4260 144.60 na 0.6100 112.7 110.1 107.41988 1.2740 128.17 na 0.5610 106.2 116.4 104.81989 1.2620 138.07 na 0.6100 109.6 106.5 102.31990 1.2800 145.00 na 0.5610 104.5 95.2 105.11991 1.2830 134.59 na 0.5660 103.2 101.9 103.41992 1.3600 126.78 na 0.5660 100.7 104.8 108.41993 1.4720 111.08 na 0.6660 103.7 122.8 112.71994 1.3670 102.18 na 0.6530 103.1 130.5 113.51995 1.3490 93.97 na 0.6340 99.7 132.6 118.61996 1.2770 108.78 na 0.6410 102.7 111.4 114.31997 1.3430 121.06 na 0.6110 107.7 104.8 107.61998 1.5890 130.99 na 0.6030 115.3 104.8 107.71999 1.5500 113.73 0.9390 0.6180 114.3 115.9 104.32000 1.7190 107.80 1.0830 0.6600 117.9 122.8 97.12001 1.9310 121.57 1.1170 0.6950 124.6 109.4 97.12002 1.8390 125.22 1.0580 0.6660 124.3 101.9 98.12003 1.5340 115.94 0.8830 0.6120 116.4 102.7 103.22004 1.3580 108.15 0.8040 0.5460 110.9 103.8 104.82005 1.3120 110.11 0.8030 0.5490 109.4 97.4 102.82006 1.3270 116.31 0.7960 0.5420 108.7 88.2 102.02007 1.1920 117.76 0.7290 0.5000 103.6 81.0 103.82008 1.1720 103.39 0.6790 0.5390 99.5 87.7 104.42009 1.2630 93.68 0.7180 0.6390 104.0 98.8 105.12010 1.0870 87.78 0.7540 0.6470 100.0 100.0 100.02011 0.9690 79.70 0.7180 0.6230 95.1 101.7 99.22012 0.9660 79.82 0.7780 0.6310 98.0 100.6 95.72013 1.0320 97.60 0.7530 0.6390 99.1 80.3 98.22014 1.1080 105.74 0.7520 0.6070 101.2 75.1 98.62015 1.3280 121.05 0.9010 0.6540 113.8 70.1 93.42016 1.3440 108.66 0.9030 0.7380 117.5 79.5 94.6a Period average. b The nominal exchange rate, trade weighted against currencies for selected countries and the eurozone, adjusted for relative prices or costs. Base: 2010 = 100. Sources: Reserve Bank of Australia; US Federal Reserve; World Bank

Real effective exchange rates b

TABLE 2.4 Exchange rates for selected countries a

10



United European Korea,

Australia States Union Japan OECD China Rep. of

% % % % % % %1973 4.3 5.6 6.1 8.0 6.2 7.9 14.81974 1.7 – 0.5 2.1 – 1.2 0.5 2.3 9.41975 2.4 – 0.2 – 0.8 3.1 0.2 8.7 7.31976 3.9 5.4 4.6 4.0 5.1 – 1.6 13.51977 1.5 4.6 2.8 4.4 3.8 7.6 11.81978 1.9 5.6 3.2 5.3 4.7 11.9 10.31979 4.7 3.2 3.8 5.5 3.9 7.6 8.41980 2.7 – 0.2 1.3 3.2 1.3 7.9 – 1.71981 4.1 2.6 0.0 4.5 2.1 5.1 7.21982 – 0.2 – 1.9 0.8 3.6 0.2 9.0 8.31983 – 0.3 4.6 2.1 3.0 3.2 10.8 13.21984 6.6 7.3 2.5 4.5 4.9 15.2 10.41985 5.1 4.2 2.5 6.2 3.9 13.5 7.81986 2.0 3.5 2.7 3.2 3.3 8.9 11.21987 5.2 3.5 3.0 4.0 3.7 11.7 12.51988 4.6 4.2 4.1 7.1 4.9 11.3 11.91989 4.3 3.7 3.5 5.4 4.1 4.2 7.01990 1.4 1.9 2.5 5.3 3.1 3.9 9.81991 – 1.3 – 0.1 1.2 3.4 1.6 9.2 10.41992 3.0 3.6 0.9 0.9 2.2 14.3 6.21993 4.2 2.7 – 0.2 0.2 1.4 13.9 6.81994 4.7 4.0 2.9 1.0 3.4 13.1 9.21995 3.5 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.9 11.0 9.61996 4.0 3.8 2.1 3.1 3.1 9.9 7.61997 3.9 4.5 2.8 1.1 3.5 9.2 5.91998 5.0 4.5 2.9 – 1.1 2.8 7.8 – 5.51999 4.1 4.7 3.0 – 0.3 3.6 7.6 11.32000 3.6 4.1 3.9 2.8 4.1 8.4 8.92001 2.5 1.0 2.3 0.4 1.6 8.3 4.52002 4.0 1.8 1.5 0.1 1.7 9.1 7.42003 3.0 2.8 1.5 1.5 2.1 10.0 2.92004 4.0 3.8 2.7 2.2 3.2 10.1 4.92005 3.2 3.3 2.3 1.7 2.8 11.3 3.92006 2.7 2.7 3.6 1.4 3.0 12.7 5.22007 4.5 1.8 3.3 1.7 2.7 14.2 5.52008 2.5 – 0.3 0.6 – 1.1 0.1 9.6 2.82009 1.8 – 2.8 – 4.3 – 5.4 – 3.4 9.2 0.72010 2.4 2.5 2.1 4.2 3.1 10.6 6.52011 2.6 1.6 1.7 – 0.1 1.7 9.5 3.72012 3.7 2.2 – 0.4 1.5 1.2 7.9 2.32013 2.1 1.7 0.3 2.0 1.3 7.8 2.92014 2.8 2.6 1.6 0.3 2.1 7.3 3.32015 2.4 2.9 2.3 1.1 2.2 6.9 2.82016 2.5 1.5 2.0 1.0 1.7 6.7 2.8Sources: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Australian National Accounts, National Income, Expenditure and Product, cat. no. 5206.0, Canberra; International Monetary Fund; US Bureau of Economic Analysis; World Bank

TABLE 2.5 Real gross domestic product growth for selected countries

11



Interest rates b

Inflation rates a Japan

United Short Long Short Long

States Japan China term term term term c

% % % % % % %1973 6.2 11.7 0.1 7.0 6.9 na na1974 11.0 23.2 0.7 7.9 7.6 na na1975 9.2 11.7 0.4 5.8 8.0 na na1976 5.8 9.4 0.3 5.0 7.6 na na1977 6.5 8.1 2.7 5.3 7.4 na na1978 7.6 4.2 0.7 7.2 8.4 na na1979 11.2 3.7 1.9 10.1 9.4 6.6 na1980 13.6 7.7 7.5 11.4 11.4 10.9 na1981 10.3 4.9 2.5 14.0 13.9 7.6 na1982 6.2 2.8 2.0 10.6 13.0 7.0 na1983 3.2 1.9 2.0 8.6 11.1 6.7 na1984 4.3 2.3 2.7 9.5 12.5 6.5 na1985 3.5 2.0 9.3 7.5 10.6 6.8 na1986 1.9 0.6 6.5 6.0 7.7 5.1 na1987 3.7 0.1 7.3 5.8 8.4 4.2 na1988 4.1 0.7 18.8 6.7 8.9 4.5 na1989 4.8 2.3 18.0 8.1 8.5 5.4 5.11990 5.4 3.1 3.1 7.5 8.6 7.7 7.01991 4.3 3.3 3.4 5.4 7.9 7.3 6.31992 3.0 1.6 6.4 3.4 7.0 4.4 5.31993 3.0 1.3 14.7 3.0 5.9 3.0 4.31994 2.6 0.7 24.1 4.3 7.1 2.2 4.41995 2.8 – 0.1 17.1 5.5 6.6 1.2 3.41996 2.9 0.1 8.3 5.0 6.4 0.6 3.11997 2.3 1.8 2.8 5.1 6.4 0.6 2.41998 1.6 0.6 – 0.8 4.8 5.3 0.7 1.51999 2.2 – 0.3 – 1.4 4.6 5.7 0.2 1.72000 3.4 – 0.7 0.4 5.8 6.0 0.2 1.72001 2.8 – 0.7 0.7 3.4 5.0 0.1 1.32002 1.6 – 0.9 – 0.8 1.6 4.6 0.1 1.32003 2.3 – 0.3 1.2 1.0 4.0 0.0 1.02004 2.7 0 3.9 1.4 4.3 0.0 1.52005 3.4 – 0.3 1.8 3.2 4.3 0.0 1.42006 3.2 0.3 1.5 4.7 4.8 0.2 1.72007 2.9 0 4.8 4.4 4.6 0.7 1.72008 3.8 1.4 5.9 1.4 3.7 0.7 1.52009 – 0.3 – 1.4 – 0.7 0.2 3.3 0.3 1.32010 1.6 – 0.7 3.3 0.1 3.2 0.2 1.12011 3.2 – 0.3 5.4 0.1 2.8 0.1 1.12012 2.1 0 2.6 0.1 1.8 0.1 0.82013 1.5 0.4 2.6 0.1 2.4 0.1 0.72014 1.6 2.7 2.0 0.0 2.5 0.1 0.52015 0.1 0.8 1.4 0.1 2.1 0.1 0.32016 1.3 – 0.2 2.0 0.3 1.8 0.0 – 0.1a Percentage change in consumer price indexes. b Period average: US – 3 month Treasury bill rate and 10 yeargovernment bond yield; Japan – 3 month certificate of deposit rate and 10 year government bond yield.c From 1989, the long term interest rate is the Bank of Japan reference price for over the counter bondtransactions (average) Interest bearing government bonds (10 years). From 2015, the long term interest rateif the 10 year newly issued government bonds.Sources: Bank of Japan; International Monetary Fund; National Bureau of Statistics of China; Organisation forEconomic Co operation and Development; Statistics Japan; US Bureau of Labor Statistics; US Federal Reserve

United States

TABLE 2.6 Infl ation and interest rates in selected countries

12



United European Other

Australia States Union 28 Japan China East Asia b India World

million million million million million million million million1973 13.3 215 449 108 869 266 593 3,9101974 13.4 217 452 109 888 273 607 3,9861975 13.6 219 454 111 906 280 622 4,0611976 13.8 221 456 112 922 286 636 4,1371977 14.0 223 458 113 937 293 651 4,2111978 14.2 225 460 114 951 300 666 4,2861979 14.4 227 462 115 964 307 681 4,3621980 14.6 230 464 116 978 314 697 4,4401981 15.1 232 465 117 992 321 714 4,5191982 15.3 234 466 118 1,005 328 730 4,5991983 15.5 236 468 119 1,020 335 747 4,6811984 15.7 238 469 119 1,035 342 765 4,7661985 15.9 241 470 120 1,053 350 782 4,8531986 16.1 243 471 121 1,072 357 800 4,9421987 16.4 245 473 121 1,093 364 817 5,0341988 16.7 248 474 121 1,114 371 835 5,1271989 16.9 250 475 122 1,135 378 853 5,2191990 17.2 253 477 122 1,155 384 871 5,3101991 17.4 255 478 123 1,172 391 889 5,3981992 17.6 258 480 123 1,188 397 906 5,4851993 17.7 261 481 124 1,203 404 924 5,5701994 17.9 263 482 124 1,216 410 943 5,6531995 18.1 266 484 124 1,228 416 961 5,7351996 18.3 269 484 125 1,238 422 979 5,8151997 18.5 273 485 125 1,247 429 998 5,8941998 18.7 276 485 125 1,255 435 1,016 5,9721999 18.9 280 486 125 1,263 441 1,035 6,0492000 19.1 283 487 126 1,270 448 1,053 6,1272001 19.4 286 488 126 1,277 454 1,072 6,2042002 19.6 288 489 126 1,284 460 1,090 6,2822003 19.8 291 491 127 1,291 467 1,108 6,3612004 20.0 294 493 127 1,299 473 1,126 6,4402005 20.3 296 494 127 1,306 479 1,144 6,5202006 20.6 299 496 127 1,313 485 1,162 6,6002007 21.0 302 498 127 1,320 490 1,180 6,6822008 21.5 304 499 127 1,327 496 1,197 6,7642009 21.9 307 501 127 1,334 501 1,214 6,8462010 22.2 310 502 127 1,341 507 1,231 6,9302011 c 22.5 312 503 127 1,348 513 1,247 7,0132012 c 22.9 315 504 127 1,355 518 1,264 7,0982013 c 23.3 317 504 127 1,363 524 1,279 7,1822014 c 23.7 319 505 127 1,369 530 1,295 7,2662015 c 24.0 322 505 127 1,376 536 1,311 7,3492016 c 24.4 322 508 128 1,404 544 1,324 7,467a Midyear, except Australia which is end of year. b Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Republic of Korea,Singapore, Taiwan and Thailand. c UN estimates, except Australia.Sources: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Australian Demographic Statistics, cat. no. 3101.0, Canberra; UN

TABLE 2.7 Population in selected countries and regions a

13

Farm sector


Total Rural employment b

Agricultural area of Owner manager Owner manager Contributing

establishments a farms without employees with employees Employees family workers Total

no. million ha ’000 ’000 ’000 ’000 ’0001973–74 184,150 500 na na na na 4271974–75 182,250 500 na na na na 4141975–76 180,411 501 na na na na 4011976–77 173,625 492 na na na na 3931977–78 176,155 489 na na na na 3901978–79 177,218 493 na na na na 3881979–80 179,084 496 na na na na 4041980–81 175,756 495 na na na na 4141981–82 174,466 491 na na na na 4091982–83 178,025 484 na na na na 4171983–84 175,412 489 na na na na 4071984–85 173,061 489 na na na na 4031985–86 171,180 468 na na na na 4251986–87 169,568 471 na na na na 4201987–88 168,339 472 na na na na 4161988–89 167,934 467 na na na na 4321989–90 163,416 464 na na na na 4261990–91 158,898 463 na na na na 4321991–92 154,380 466 192 56.9 117 23.5 3891992–93 151,966 460 192 55.5 110 27.1 3841993–94 150,389 469 190 59.0 117 26.1 3911994–95 147,115 463 183 55.1 121 25.8 3891995–96 146,612 465 180 60.5 135 26.0 3941996–97 145,083 462 183 61.1 134 24.0 4031997–98 144,836 464 189 65.4 141 18.5 4111998–99 145,226 454 178 66.4 152 18.3 4111999–2000 146,371 456 183 70.7 154 22.7 4302000–01 140,516 456 169 70.9 161 21.7 4232001–02 135,377 447 181 80.1 159 12.6 4332002–03 132,983 440 156 60.0 144 10.0 3822003–04 130,526 440 148 65.2 143 9.3 3712004–05 129,934 445 143 61.6 140 9.8 3562005–06 154,472 435 138 68.7 129 9.8 3502006–07 150,403 425 147 58.3 131 6.9 3432007–08 140,704 417 150 57.5 128 7.1 3382008–09 135,996 409 160 54.4 129 7.1 3542009–10 134,184 399 150 64.8 130 6.9 3462010–11 135,447 410 140 55.8 138 4.2 3472011–12 135,692 405 129 47.9 137 6.4 3162012–13 128,917 397 116 53.2 128 4.1 3112013–14 128,489 406 112 57.0 133 8.8 3042014–15 123,091 385 124 56.8 127 9.9 3252015–16 85,681 371 114 56.4 143 8.0 3122016–17 na na 98.8 50.8 146 6.7 310a Represents total establishments engaged in agricultural activities. b Based on ANZSIC 2006. Average employment over four quarters. Datarepresents agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and services to these industries. Caution should be used when utilising employment statisticsat the ANZSIC subdivision and group levels due to estimates that may be subject to sampling variability and standard errors too high for mostpractical purposes.Note: Australian Bureau of Statistics advises caution should be used when using employment statistics at the ANZSIC subdivision and group levelsdue to estimates that may be subject to sampling variability and standard errors too high for most practical purposes.Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Agriculture, cat. no. 7113.0, Canberra; ABS, Agricultural Commodities, cat. no. 7121.0,Canberra; ABS, Characteristics of Australian Farms, cat. no. 7102.0, Canberra; ABS, Labour Force, Australia, Detailed Electronic Delivery, cat. no.6291.0.55.003, Canberra; ABS, Labour Statistics, Australia, cat. no. 6101.0, Canberra; ABS, The Labour Force, Australia, cat. no. 6203.0, Canberra;Lette, G 1979, Number of Farms and Farm Work force in Australia, Bureau of Agricultural Economics, Quarterly Review of the Rural Economy, vol.1, no. 2, May 1979, pp. 147–150

TABLE 3.1 Number of agricultural establishments and rural employment in Australia

14

Farm sector


2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 2006–07 2007–08 2008–09 2009–10

’000 ’000 ’000 ’000 ’000 ’000 ’000Horticulture c 98.1 86.2 82.7 83.3 76.5 60.5 57.7Sheep, beef cattle and grain 165 138 137 132 136 151 144Other crop growing 8.5 11.2 7.9 10.6 10.9 14.9 12.5Dairy cattle 19.4 21.8 22.5 17.3 23.0 26.8 23.3Poultry 10.8 9.9 8.4 8.6 6.5 8.1 8.6Other livestock d 11.1 9.0 10.9 10.9 8.7 12.6 15.3Other agriculture nfd 7.3 31.6 31.8 35.9 30.0 36.9 42.7Total agriculture 320 308 301 299 292 310 304Forestry and logging 8.6 8.4 8.8 8.2 7.2 8.3 6.8Forestry support services 3.0 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.7 3.4Aquaculture 5.5 5.5 4.0 3.1 4.3 4.3 4.0Fishing 9.3 5.3 6.3 4.0 5.1 3.1 4.0

and fishing 0.9 3.2 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.2 2.1Hunting and trapping 0.5 0 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.9Fishing hunting and trapping nfd 2.5 2.2 1.8 2.0 3.0 1.9 1.1

support services e 20.4 20.7 23.2 22.0 21.9 20.2 19.6Total agriculture, forestry and fishing 371 356 350 343 338 354 346

2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17

’000 ’000 ’000 ’000 ’000 ’000 ’000Horticulture c 60.2 57.0 58.0 62.6 51.8 63.6 62.3Sheep, beef cattle and grain 137 125 116 101 123 91.9 92.9Other crop growing 10.6 8.5 13.0 9.4 4.0 4.0 4.2Dairy cattle 27.3 23.5 20.9 25.9 21.4 26.1 27.0Poultry 8.5 9.6 10.4 4.6 5.4 11.5 10.3Other livestock d 13.3 9.9 11.0 9.6 15.3 14.0 9.3Other agriculture nfd 46.0 39.3 41.5 50.4 60.8 62.2 54.7Total agriculture 303 273 271 263 282 273 262Forestry and logging 5.8 6.9 7.5 5.6 6.0 5.5 7.4Forestry support services 3.2 3.7 3.0 3.1 2.9 2.6 4.9Aquaculture 4.7 4.0 2.5 4.6 7.5 5.0 7.9Fishing 5.8 5.1 5.2 3.8 5.1 5.2 6.3

and fishing 2.8 1.7 2.6 2.2 2.5 1.6 1.6Hunting and trapping 1.6 0.4 0.3 0.2 1.0 0.2 0.3Fishing hunting and trapping nfd 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.7

and fishing 19.2 19.3 19.2 21.4 18.0 17.8 19.2Total agriculture, forestry and fishing 347 316 311 304 325 312 310a Average employment over four quarters. b ANZSIC 2006 c Includes nursery, floriculture, vegetable, fruit and tree nut growing. d Includes deer farming. e Includes agriculture, forestry and fishing support services not further defined. Note: ABS advises caution should be used when using employment statistics at the ANZSIC subdivision and group levels due to estimates that may be subject to sampling variability and standard errors too high for most practical purposes.Sources: Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Labour Force, Australia, Detailed - Electronic Delivery, cat. no. 6291.0.55.001, Canberra; ABS, Labour Force, Australia, Detailed Electronic Delivery , cat. no. 6291.0.55.003, Canberra

Other agriculture, forestry

Agriculture and fishing



TABLE 3.2 Persons employed in agriculture, forestry and fi sheries ab

15

Farm sector


Total

area of Other Beef Dairy

farms Wheat crops b cattle cattle Sheep

million ha million ha million ha million million million1973–74 500 8.9 4.3 26.6 3.7 1451974–75 500 8.3 4.2 28.5 3.6 1521975–76 501 8.6 4.7 29.3 3.5 1481976–77 492 9.0 4.7 28.3 3.3 1351977–78 489 10.0 5.3 26.3 3.1 1311978–79 493 10.2 5.6 24.2 2.9 1341979–80 496 11.2 5.2 23.4 2.8 1361980–81 495 11.3 5.2 22.4 2.8 1341981–82 491 11.9 5.9 21.7 2.8 1381982–83 484 11.5 5.7 19.7 2.8 1311983–84 489 12.8 7.3 19.4 2.8 1351984–85 489 12.0 7.3 20.0 2.8 1461985–86 468 11.7 6.5 20.7 2.8 1501986–87 471 11.1 5.4 19.3 2.6 1491987–88 472 9.0 7.3 19.3 2.6 1521988–89 467 8.8 6.8 19.9 2.5 1621989–90 464 9.0 6.2 20.7 2.5 1701990–91 463 9.2 6.6 21.2 2.4 1631991–92 466 7.2 7.5 21.4 2.4 1481992–93 460 8.3 7.5 21.6 2.5 1381993–94 469 8.4 8.2 23.1 2.7 1331994–95 463 7.9 7.9 23.0 2.7 1211995–96 465 9.2 8.8 23.6 2.8 1211996–97 462 10.9 9.1 23.7 3.0 1201997–98 464 10.4 9.7 23.8 3.1 1171998–99 454 11.5 10.3 23.4 3.2 1151999–2000 456 12.2 9.9 24.4 3.1 1192000–01 456 12.1 10.4 24.5 3.2 1112001–02 447 11.5 10.5 24.7 3.1 1062002–03 440 11.2 10.1 23.6 3.0 99.32003–04 440 13.1 10.7 24.4 3.1 1012004–05 445 13.4 11.0 24.7 3.1 1012005–06 435 12.4 10.4 25.6 2.8 91.02006–07 425 11.8 9.9 25.4 2.7 85.72007–08 417 12.6 11.2 24.8 2.5 76.92008–09 409 13.5 11.1 25.3 2.6 72.72009–10 399 13.9 10.4 24.0 2.5 68.12010–11 410 13.5 10.9 25.9 2.6 73.12011–12 405 13.9 10.9 25.7 2.7 74.72012–13 397 13.0 11.4 26.5 2.8 75.52013–14 406 12.6 10.5 26.3 2.8 72.62014–15 385 12.4 11.1 24.6 2.8 70.92015–16 371 11.3 10.6 22.3 2.7 67.52016–17 na 12.8 11.6 23.1 2.6 70.4a Year ended 31 March. From 1999–2000, year ended 30 June. b Includes barley, canola, chickpeas, field peas, lupins, oats, triticale, maize, rice,sorghum, soybeans, sunflowerseed, linseed, safflowerseed, sugar cane and winegrapes. Excludes winegrapes before 1974–75.Note: Details for establishments with estimated value of agricultural operations (EVAO) of $1,500 or more until 1980–81; $2,500 or more from1981–82 to 1985–86; EVAO of $20,000 or more from 1986–87 to 1990–91; EVAO of $22,500 or more from 1991–92 to 1992–93; EVAO of $5,000 ormore from 1993–94 to 2014–15; and EVAO of $40,000 from 2015–16.Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Agriculture, Australia, cat. no. 7113.0, Canberra; ABS, Agricultural Commodities, cat. no.7121.0, Canberra; ABS, Agricultural Land Use and Selected Inputs, Australia, cat. no. 7411.0, Canberra; ABS, Crops and Pastures, Australia, cat. no.7321.0, Canberra; ABS, Livestock and Livestock Products, Australia, cat. no. 7221.0, Canberra; ABS, Selected Agricultural Commodities, Australia(Preliminary), cat. no. 7112.0, Canberra; ABS, Summary of Crops, Australia, cat. no. 7330.0, Canberra

Area used for a Livestock numbers a

TABLE 3.3 Farm land use and livestock numbers in Australia

16

Farm sector


Index of

real net

Gross value Net value value of Index of Index of Farmers’ Consumer

of farm Farm of farm farm prices prices terms of price

production costs production production a received b paid b trade bc index d

$m $m $m1973–74 na 3,594 na 452.3 43.1 18.4 234.3 11.41974–75 na 4,196 na 230.2 36.9 23.4 158.0 13.41975–76 na 4,832 na 162.8 39.0 27.0 144.3 15.11976–77 na 5,278 na 157.9 42.5 30.1 141.1 17.11977–78 na 5,742 na 121.0 44.5 33.3 133.8 18.81978–79 na 6,629 na 322.4 54.0 35.5 152.1 20.31979–80 na 7,761 na 327.3 64.3 39.5 162.7 22.41980–81 na 8,739 na 212.7 68.4 44.9 152.2 24.51981–82 na 10,205 na 169.3 67.7 49.9 135.7 27.01982–83 na 11,403 na 18.9 71.1 55.3 128.6 30.21983–84 na 12,255 na 180.3 74.6 59.8 124.8 32.21984–85 na 12,896 na 138.9 76.6 63.4 121.0 33.61985–86 na 14,051 na 68.2 76.6 68.3 112.2 36.41986–87 na 15,386 na 71.0 82.8 74.2 111.5 39.81987–88 na 16,727 na 138.7 99.5 77.4 128.6 42.81988–89 23,093 18,330 4,763 181.1 112.4 84.4 133.2 45.91989–90 23,592 20,008 3,584 132.3 109.3 90.1 121.3 49.61990–91 21,191 20,168 1,023 38.4 93.6 90.9 102.9 52.21991–92 21,157 19,392 1,765 60.9 94.5 90.8 104.1 53.21992–93 22,110 19,340 2,770 114.8 93.7 89.5 104.7 53.71993–94 23,829 20,187 3,642 144.9 97.4 91.1 106.8 54.71994–95 24,186 21,708 2,478 75.5 112.0 94.9 118.0 56.51995–96 27,864 22,913 4,952 151.6 111.2 99.5 111.9 58.91996–97 28,676 23,910 4,766 147.5 101.6 99.4 102.3 59.61997–98 28,766 23,743 5,023 151.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 59.61998–99 29,254 24,396 4,858 140.9 95.4 100.6 94.9 60.41999–2000 30,896 25,098 5,799 164.4 95.4 104.7 91.1 61.82000–01 35,082 26,516 8,566 227.0 107.3 110.1 97.4 65.52001–02 40,332 27,125 13,207 343.7 122.0 112.9 108.1 67.42002–03 33,604 27,542 6,061 145.2 122.7 121.5 101.0 69.42003–04 37,625 29,076 8,548 216.7 117.1 123.0 95.2 71.12004–05 36,671 29,388 7,282 184.3 116.7 126.3 92.4 72.82005–06 38,925 31,336 7,589 178.2 118.6 129.4 91.7 75.22006–07 36,427 31,441 4,986 123.7 130.0 135.9 95.7 77.42007–08 43,922 37,283 6,639 151.3 141.8 155.1 91.4 80.02008–09 42,074 36,513 5,560 118.6 131.5 149.0 88.3 82.52009–10 39,886 34,437 5,449 116.2 124.3 140.8 88.3 84.42010–11 45,723 36,505 9,217 208.5 139.4 144.9 96.2 87.02011–12 47,754 37,285 10,469 210.1 137.2 147.2 93.3 89.02012–13 48,660 37,194 11,466 231.3 137.9 145.1 95.0 91.02013–14 51,479 37,957 13,522 265.3 142.9 145.5 98.2 93.52014–15 54,389 38,441 15,948 308.1 152.4 146.7 103.9 95.12015–16 56,643 38,516 18,127 351.8 161.0 147.4 109.2 96.42016–17 63,416 40,145 23,272 444.5 163.9 147.3 111.3 98.1a Obtained by deflating the net value of farm production by the consumer price index. b ABARE revised the method for calculating farm, price and production indexes in October 1999. The indexes for the different groups of farm commodities are now calculated on a chained weight basis using Fisher’s ideal index with a reference year of 1997–98 = 100. c Ratio of index of prices received by farmers to index of prices paid by farmers. d Base: 2017–18 = 100.Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Agriculture, Australia, cat. no. 7113.0, Canberra; ABS, Australian National Accounts, National Income and Expenditure, cat. no. 5206.0, Canberra; ABS, Consumer Price Index, cat. no. 6401.0, Canberra; ABS, Value of Agricultural Commodities Produced, Australia, cat. no. 7503.0, Canberra

TABLE 3.4 Australian farm returns, costs and prices

17

Farm sector


2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 2006–07 2007–08 2008–09 2009–10

Farmers’ terms of trade a 95.2 92.4 91.7 95.7 91.4 88.3 88.3

fodder and feedstuffs 148.3 140.4 126.4 151.7 195.3 168.0 145.9seed, seedlings and plants 104.9 94.9 93.8 109.9 135.0 120.7 109.6store and breeding stock 144.0 159.8 165.9 157.8 155.4 162.0 168.4total 142.0 140.3 130.8 147.2 178.0 161.0 147.0

Chemicals 110.0 112.0 114.7 124.7 149.7 136.7 116.2Electricity 100.0 101.4 104.6 107.7 111.3 121.5 142.0Fertiliser 103.6 108.8 111.6 121.4 220.4 239.6 156.0Fuel and lubricants 144.3 167.2 210.6 208.3 243.7 211.0 191.7Total 125.3 128.7 130.9 140.3 170.8 164.0 146.5Labour 121.6 125.7 129.7 133.5 138.0 142.8 147.5Marketing 118.7 121.6 125.5 129.1 143.3 137.2 134.0

Insurance 128.8 131.9 135.1 139.4 143.5 155.6 167.0Interest paid 118.1 121.0 123.9 127.9 142.7 116.8 111.2Rates and taxes 121.9 124.9 128.9 132.8 137.3 141.6 144.9Other overheads 118.1 121.0 124.9 128.5 132.9 137.2 140.6Total 120.6 123.5 126.8 130.8 141.8 126.7 124.3Capital items 121.3 124.4 128.5 132.3 136.8 141.2 144.8Total prices paid 123.0 126.3 129.4 135.9 155.1 149.0 140.8Excluding capital items 123.1 126.5 129.4 136.2 157.3 149.9 140.4Excluding capital and overheads 123.7 127.2 129.9 137.6 161.7 156.8 145.0

store and breeding stock 119.2 123.6 129.2 133.6 150.3 146.4 139.5Continued …

Excluding seed, fodder and

Materials and servicesSeed, fodder and livestock

Overheads

TABLE 3.5 Indexes of prices paid by farmers in Australia

18

Farm sector


2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17 s

Farmers’ terms of trade a 96.2 93.3 95.0 98.2 103.9 109.2 111.3

fodder and feedstuffs 121.1 115.6 127.1 126.8 134.5 138.5 130.4seed, seedlings and plants 120.0 116.4 128.0 130.6 130.4 129.9 123.0store and breeding stock 194.0 199.5 173.8 169.2 209.7 261.1 295.5total 137.8 135.1 137.9 136.9 151.2 165.2 165.9

Chemicals 110.4 112.6 110.3 113.6 115.0 116.2 117.7Electricity 158.9 176.8 180.8 185.7 176.4 178.9 182.0Fertiliser 157.3 165.5 157.9 153.2 154.7 157.8 134.1Fuel and lubricants 211.3 228.2 216.8 221.1 207.9 167.9 175.7Total 146.1 149.2 149.5 150.8 155.1 159.1 158.8Labour 152.1 155.6 159.2 163.5 166.3 168.6 171.5Marketing 144.8 154.1 153.5 159.3 152.9 144.1 149.6

Insurance 173.7 185.8 190.0 195.2 198.5 201.3 204.8Interest paid 122.3 114.9 96.4 85.3 79.5 74.8 68.4Rates and taxes 149.4 152.9 156.4 160.6 163.4 165.6 168.5Other overheads 145.0 148.3 151.7 155.8 158.5 160.7 163.4Total 133.7 129.9 117.6 110.6 107.1 104.1 99.8Capital items 149.4 153.2 157.0 161.5 164.4 166.9 169.8Total prices paid 144.9 147.2 145.1 145.5 146.7 147.4 147.3Excluding capital items 144.4 146.6 143.9 143.9 144.9 145.5 145.1Excluding capital and overheads 147.2 151.2 151.9 154.3 156.8 157.7 159.7

store and breeding stock 146.3 149.7 146.5 147.3 145.5 143.5 143.2a Ratio of index of prices received by farmers and index of prices paid by farmers. Notes: The indexes for commodity groups are calculated on a chained weight basis using Fisher’s ideal index with a reference year of 1997–98 = 100. Prices used in these calculations exclude GST.Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics

Materials and servicesSeed, fodder and livestock

Overheads

Excluding seed, fodder and

TABLE 3.5 Indexes of prices paid by farmers in Australia continued

19

Farm sector


2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 2006–07 2007–08 2008–09 2009–10

barley 105.9 100.1 93.9 153.3 196.9 145.3 108.3canola 104.4 84.5 86.5 102.8 140.6 142.2 114.2lupins 120.4 105.2 99.8 135.7 171.0 142.9 137.5oats 101.1 98.2 107.8 235.8 205.8 158.3 116.9wheat 109.1 99.6 102.5 122.4 197.2 142.1 110.4

grain sorghum 93.8 79.4 84.6 126.1 152.4 121.3 115.9Total grains a 105.2 95.8 97.2 128.5 180.1 137.5 108.9Cotton 90.7 87.0 76.5 82.5 87.7 96.7 98.4Sugar 75.5 83.5 90.9 108.4 80.6 98.3 137.8Hay 125.0 128.0 143.7 230.7 254.6 219.0 181.5Fruit 120.6 123.9 138.3 184.0 148.4 148.2 146.6Vegetables 125.9 119.1 133.8 141.3 153.7 152.9 150.3Total crops sector 106.7 101.0 103.7 127.2 138.2 119.8 108.4

cattle 160.3 177.2 181.3 172.9 164.2 164.6 160.0lambs b 190.1 184.5 177.7 165.6 170.3 204.3 218.7sheep 230.3 196.1 202.7 156.2 183.3 216.8 343.3live sheep for export 178.2 165.8 178.4 178.5 180.1 213.4 248.4pigs 109.4 117.8 115.6 124.8 121.6 153.5 147.1poultry 97.7 91.9 83.5 84.5 109.4 120.0 113.8total 149.3 157.5 157.7 151.9 152.6 163.0 163.7

wool 119.6 105.9 100.4 115.5 127.9 109.2 116.0milk 93.4 105.7 111.0 111.1 166.1 142.3 124.4eggs 94.1 91.5 92.5 102.0 107.5 108.6 105.5total 103.3 104.7 105.7 112.2 147.0 127.6 119.5

Store and breeding stock 144.0 159.8 165.9 157.8 155.4 162.0 168.4Total livestock sector 129.7 135.8 136.7 135.5 148.1 147.5 145.5Total prices received 117.1 116.7 118.6 130.0 141.8 131.5 124.3

Continued …

Crops sector

Grains

Winter crops

Summer crops

Livestock products

Livestock for slaughterLivestock sector

TABLE 3.6 Indexes of prices received by farmers in Australia

20

Farm sector


2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17

barley 135.8 131.7 173.4 167.9 175.6 159.0 119.8canola 141.1 133.1 142.1 144.1 130.6 137.9 147.8lupins 136.9 118.7 173.5 176.4 149.3 185.0 141.4oats 143.2 147.7 172.9 156.0 183.1 224.0 174.0wheat 130.1 114.6 158.3 159.8 151.7 140.1 125.0

grain sorghum 125.8 111.6 148.9 177.2 178.1 162.3 141.0Total grains a 126.3 115.7 147.9 149.9 147.0 141.9 126.1Cotton 103.6 110.8 98.2 103.9 104.4 111.7 123.4Sugar 128.0 147.1 117.5 125.4 127.2 117.8 163.5Hay 151.1 133.0 144.9 160.9 169.6 176.4 180.4Fruit 181.8 181.4 156.5 158.8 170.4 162.0 164.8Vegetables 167.3 161.3 172.8 174.1 179.1 172.9 175.9Total crops sector 121.9 117.8 129.3 131.1 131.8 128.4 124.9

cattle 172.6 173.3 164.2 156.3 196.4 252.9 267.8lambs b 255.4 250.8 182.8 201.8 233.4 236.2 291.6sheep 438.0 390.3 200.0 250.8 337.8 304.1 462.5live sheep for export 304.6 343.7 247.6 233.4 286.6 312.3 321.3pigs 135.7 134.5 132.5 151.7 156.4 181.0 169.2poultry 110.1 108.3 114.4 116.9 126.2 126.8 125.9total 175.6 175.0 158.6 161.2 192.4 227.5 244.8

wool 158.4 169.2 147.3 153.5 159.1 186.5 208.7milk 143.5 139.5 134.7 169.1 162.6 148.2 137.1eggs 104.2 104.1 107.4 112.7 114.6 112.7 113.7total 143.9 145.2 136.1 157.2 155.8 156.1 157.1

Store and breeding stock 194.0 199.5 173.8 169.2 209.7 260.1 295.5Total livestock sector 162.6 163.2 149.0 157.4 177.8 201.5 214.2Total prices received 139.4 137.2 137.9 142.9 152.4 161.0 163.9

Livestock sector

Livestock for slaughter

Livestock products

a Total for the group includes commodities not separately listed. b Lamb saleyard indicator weight 18–22 kg.Notes: The indexes for commodity groups are calculated on a chained weight basis using Fisher’s ideal index with a reference year of 1997–98 = 100. Indexes for most individual commodities are based on annual gross unit value of production. Prices used in these calculations exclude GST.Source: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics

Crops sector

Grains

Winter crops

Summer crops

TABLE 3.6 Indexes of prices received by farmers in Australia continued

21

Farm inputs


2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 2006–07 2007–08 2008–09 2009–10

$m $m $m $m $m $m $m

Fuel 1,626 1,765 2,223 2,199 2,596 2,235 1,964Fertiliser 1,827 1,851 1,843 1,659 3,100 3,367 2,143Chemicals 1,649 1,691 1,749 1,544 1,954 1,780 1,494Seed and fodder 4,317 4,215 3,827 4,955 6,194 5,258 4,549Marketing 3,566 3,433 3,675 2,744 3,180 3,729 3,828Repairs and maintenance 2,453 2,442 2,602 2,465 3,073 3,069 3,014Other 3,376 3,473 3,691 3,543 3,659 3,828 3,978Total 18,814 18,870 19,610 19,109 23,756 23,267 20,969

Wages 3,588 3,661 3,778 3,655 3,633 3,764 3,725Interest paid 2,238 2,306 3,249 3,848 4,901 4,331 4,455Other overheads 422 432 446 447 462 477 494Total 6,248 6,399 7,473 7,950 8,997 8,572 8,674Total cash costs 25,062 25,269 27,083 27,059 32,753 31,839 29,644Depreciation 4,014 4,120 4,253 4,381 4,530 4,675 4,793Total farm costs 29,076 29,388 31,336 31,441 37,283 36,513 34,437

2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17 s

$m $m $m $m $m $m $m

Fuel 2,254 2,407 2,232 2,248 1,978 1,659 1,738Fertiliser 2,248 2,344 2,168 2,091 2,121 2,169 1,845Chemicals 1,462 1,471 1,369 1,406 1,455 1,510 1,516Seed and fodder 4,213 4,133 4,619 4,650 4,938 5,026 4,871Marketing 3,839 4,007 3,849 4,108 4,118 4,079 4,979Repairs and maintenance 3,660 3,904 4,121 4,529 4,922 5,267 6,041Other 4,272 4,417 4,545 4,711 4,727 4,738 5,044Total 21,949 22,682 22,903 23,741 24,259 24,448 26,034

Wages 4,076 4,172 4,298 4,364 4,303 4,145 4,304Interest paid 5,023 4,836 4,259 3,956 3,874 3,828 3,606Other overheads 513 525 537 551 561 569 578Total 9,612 9,533 9,094 8,871 8,738 8,542 8,488Total cash costs 31,560 32,214 31,997 32,612 32,997 32,990 34,522Depreciation 4,945 5,070 5,197 5,345 5,444 5,526 5,622Total farm costs 36,505 37,285 37,194 37,957 38,441 38,516 40,145s ABARES estimate.Sources: ABARES (compiled from various market sources); Australian Bureau of Statistics

Materials and services

Other costs

Materials and services

Other costs

TABLE 3.7 Major components of Australian farm costs

22

Farm inputs


Grains Other Total Livestock Livestock Total Total

and oilseeds crops crops slaughterings products livestock farm

index index index index index index index1973–74 46.0 34.8 39.5 65.5 80.4 74.5 53.21974–75 44.3 35.8 39.1 61.4 86.0 75.3 53.31975–76 48.4 34.9 40.6 74.0 82.6 79.4 55.81976–77 46.6 37.4 41.1 79.2 76.3 78.4 56.01977–78 39.2 40.8 39.4 86.8 74.5 81.0 55.81978–79 71.2 41.1 54.9 82.9 76.5 79.9 64.81979–80 65.2 41.1 51.5 72.1 76.4 73.5 60.41980–81 47.6 43.2 44.2 69.8 73.4 70.9 55.21981–82 67.5 48.1 56.1 73.1 74.6 73.2 62.91982–83 38.0 48.3 41.6 73.8 75.0 73.8 55.01983–84 90.8 53.3 69.9 68.6 79.1 72.9 70.31984–85 82.2 55.4 66.7 68.5 85.2 75.7 69.91985–86 73.1 59.4 64.2 72.0 86.6 78.2 69.71986–87 71.6 58.7 63.2 76.6 91.8 83.0 71.51987–88 61.5 63.7 61.4 79.2 93.5 85.1 71.71988–89 66.3 59.9 61.6 76.1 97.2 85.7 72.11989–90 66.5 63.1 63.4 81.9 107.8 93.9 76.91990–91 68.6 75.1 71.2 84.3 106.2 94.3 81.11991–92 61.7 80.1 71.1 87.1 95.7 91.0 79.41992–93 78.6 80.7 78.9 89.0 98.8 93.4 84.61993–94 87.3 81.1 82.8 90.9 100.3 95.1 87.51994–95 50.6 75.2 63.7 91.5 94.6 92.9 76.11995–96 90.0 83.2 85.9 91.3 94.9 93.0 88.81996–97 115.9 90.2 101.3 94.7 98.4 96.4 99.11997–98 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.01998–99 115.6 103.7 108.7 102.9 103.8 103.3 106.21999–2000 126.8 98.8 110.6 104.9 106.3 105.5 108.22000–01 118.0 105.0 110.1 110.6 104.5 108.3 109.32001–02 130.5 103.4 115.0 108.0 103.9 106.4 110.92002–03 59.3 95.6 77.3 109.8 96.0 104.3 90.52003–04 138.7 103.0 116.5 104.3 91.9 99.4 108.42004–05 113.2 109.6 109.8 109.2 93.1 102.9 106.92005–06 133.2 109.9 118.0 108.4 93.1 102.4 110.62006–07 58.2 104.6 84.1 115.4 88.9 105.2 94.72007–08 88.0 114.6 104.2 112.5 84.8 101.7 103.82008–09 116.0 104.2 113.4 111.5 83.6 100.6 108.12009–10 116.5 107.0 115.3 109.4 82.3 98.9 108.02010–11 139.8 103.5 123.3 110.4 85.5 100.7 112.92011–12 158.4 109.5 135.0 110.2 86.2 100.9 118.62012–13 138.4 122.2 133.2 116.1 87.4 104.9 119.72013–14 144.9 113.9 131.9 127.7 87.1 111.3 122.22014–15 138.8 106.5 125.0 137.0 90.2 118.1 122.32015–16 130.2 123.2 130.2 127.3 87.4 111.1 120.82016–17 203.1 130.3 167.1 116.6 85.7 103.7 132.6Note: ABARE revised the method for calculating farm production indexes in October 1999. The indexes for the different groups of farm commodities are now calculated on a chained weight basis using Fisher’s ideal index with a reference year of 1997–98 = 100. Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Agriculture, Australia, cat. no. 7113.0, Canberra; ABS, Australian National Accounts, National Income and Expenditure, cat. no. 5206.0, Canberra; ABS, Value of Agricultural Commodities Produced, Australia, cat. no. 7503.0, Canberra

Crops Livestock

TABLE 3.8 Volume of Australian farm production indexes

23

Farm inputs


Grains and Other Total Livestock Livestock Total Total

oilseeds crops crops slaughterings a products livestock farm

$m $m $m $m $m $m $m1973–74 1,770 1,089 2,859 na 1,857 na na1974–75 1,772 1,432 3,204 na 1,651 na na1975–76 1,859 1,389 3,247 na 1,676 na na1976–77 1,651 1,538 3,189 na 1,881 na na1977–78 1,455 1,592 3,047 na 1,970 na na1978–79 3,093 1,815 4,908 na 2,215 na na1979–80 3,366 2,175 5,541 na 2,564 na na1980–81 2,666 2,640 5,306 na 2,799 na na1981–82 3,652 2,660 6,312 na 3,096 na na1982–83 2,334 2,676 5,010 na 3,241 na na1983–84 5,188 3,238 8,426 na 3,485 na na1984–85 4,787 3,081 7,867 na 3,784 na na1985–86 4,081 3,296 7,378 na 4,125 na na1986–87 3,753 3,856 7,609 na 4,916 na na1987–88 3,559 4,249 7,808 na 7,247 na na1988–89 4,741 5,142 9,883 5,315 7,894 13,210 23,0931989–90 4,420 5,457 9,877 5,909 7,807 13,716 23,5921990–91 3,438 5,654 9,092 5,745 6,354 12,099 21,1911991–92 4,022 6,129 10,150 5,758 5,248 11,006 21,1571992–93 4,621 6,239 10,860 6,048 5,202 11,250 22,1101993–94 5,157 6,627 11,784 6,878 5,167 12,045 23,8291994–95 3,994 7,515 11,509 6,682 5,995 12,677 24,1861995–96 7,468 8,256 15,724 6,434 5,707 12,141 27,8641996–97 8,065 8,475 16,540 6,383 5,754 12,136 28,6761997–98 6,715 9,091 15,806 7,002 5,958 12,960 28,7661998–99 7,134 9,443 16,577 7,265 5,412 12,677 29,2541999–2000 8,080 9,383 17,463 7,953 5,481 13,433 30,8962000–01 8,698 10,654 19,352 9,749 5,981 15,730 35,0822001–02 10,873 11,181 22,053 11,451 6,828 18,279 40,3322002–03 5,440 10,971 16,412 10,694 6,498 17,192 33,6042003–04 9,836 11,261 21,097 10,907 5,620 16,527 37,6252004–05 7,359 11,517 18,876 12,040 5,755 17,795 36,6712005–06 8,829 12,294 21,122 11,967 5,836 17,803 38,9252006–07 5,064 13,110 18,174 12,336 5,917 18,253 36,4272007–08 10,754 13,652 24,406 12,104 7,412 19,516 43,9222008–09 10,746 12,168 22,914 12,833 6,326 19,159 42,0742009–10 8,660 12,686 21,346 12,733 5,807 18,540 39,8862010–11 12,148 13,188 25,336 13,144 7,243 20,387 45,7232011–12 12,466 14,108 26,574 13,797 7,383 21,180 47,7542012–13 13,927 14,645 28,572 13,188 6,900 20,088 48,6602013–14 14,800 13,899 28,699 14,723 8,057 22,781 51,4792014–15 13,943 13,479 27,422 18,740 8,227 26,967 54,3892015–16 12,697 15,183 27,880 20,622 8,140 28,763 56,6432016–17 s 18,123 16,957 35,080 20,317 8,020 28,337 63,416

Crops Livestock

a Includes value of live exports for breeding and slaughter purposes. s ABARES estimate.Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Agriculture, Australia, cat. no. 7113.0, Canberra; ABS, Australian National Accounts, National Income and Expenditure, cat. no. 5206.0, Canberra; ABS, Value of Agricultural Commodities Produced, Australia, cat. no. 7503.0, Canberra

TABLE 3.9 Gross value of Australian farm production

24

Farm inputs


Winter crops a Summer crops b

Area c Production Area c Production

’000 ha kt ’000 ha kt1986–87 15,977 23,034 1,463 2,8031987–88 14,438 19,177 1,482 3,3591988–89 13,963 20,895 1,293 2,9801989–90 13,874 21,519 933 2,6771990–91 14,350 22,326 1,054 2,6261991–92 13,058 18,963 1,212 3,6281992–93 14,284 24,487 1,014 2,2801993–94 14,915 27,797 1,184 3,0551994–95 13,989 14,719 1,307 3,1881995–96 16,128 27,785 1,435 3,6391996–97 18,098 35,061 1,417 4,2401997–98 18,247 31,113 1,341 3,8161998–99 19,580 34,160 1,739 5,0711999–2000 19,848 37,143 1,590 5,0142000–01 20,253 34,663 1,761 5,2862001–02 19,777 39,134 1,666 4,9312002–03 19,582 17,361 1,075 2,8352003–04 21,944 43,315 1,231 3,6642004–05 22,407 34,671 1,343 3,8782005–06 20,827 41,226 1,433 4,3522006–07 20,207 17,580 918 2,1662007–08 21,978 25,415 1,199 4,5672008–09 22,901 34,378 1,156 3,7942009–10 22,844 35,344 903 2,7642010–11 22,392 41,672 1,514 4,4462011–12 22,693 45,670 1,558 5,4942012–13 22,421 37,934 1,412 5,5052013–14 21,420 41,878 1,139 3,8472014–15 21,760 39,197 1,149 4,2622015–16 20,283 37,687 1,054 3,5632016–17 22,558 59,463 1,296 3,869a Includes barley, canola, chickpeas, faba beans, field peas, lentils, linseed, lupins, oats, safflower, triticale and wheat. b Includes cottonseed, grain sorghum, corn (maize), mung beans, navy beans, peanuts, rice and sunflower. c Planted area. Note: Details for establishments with estimated value of agricultural operations (EVAO) of $1,500 or more until 1980–81; $2,500 or more from 1981–82 to 1985–86; EVAO of $20,000 or more from 1986–87 to 1990–91; EVAO of $22,500 or more from 1991–92 to 1992–93; EVAO of $5,000 or more from 1993–94 to 2014–15; and EVAO of $40,000 from 2015–16.Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics, Canberra; Australian Oilseeds Federation, Sydney; Pulse Australia, Sydney

TABLE 3.10 Australian winter and summer crop area and production

25

Farm inputs


New South Western

Unit South Wales Victoria Queensland Australia Australia Tasmania Australia

2010–11 ’000 ha 6,158 3,457 1,217 3,821 7,715 24.3 22,3922011–12 ’000 ha 5,969 3,411 1,205 3,838 8,252 18.4 22,6932012–13 ’000 ha 5,852 3,457 1,222 3,776 8,097 15.7 22,4212013–14 ’000 ha 5,314 3,283 1,105 3,448 8,249 20.3 21,4202014–15 ’000 ha 5,491 3,304 995 3,639 8,313 18.8 21,7602015–16 ’000 ha 5,375 2,915 1,049 3,152 7,771 19.3 20,2832016–17 s ’000 ha 5,869 3,370 1,337 3,523 8,442 17.9 22,558

2010–11 kt 14,784 7,625 1,821 9,316 8,044 81.9 41,6722011–12 kt 11,952 7,352 2,329 7,371 16,600 65.3 45,6702012–13 kt 11,123 6,886 2,156 6,470 11,243 55.9 37,9342013–14 kt 9,773 6,773 1,516 7,221 16,510 84.7 41,8782014–15 kt 10,445 5,117 1,464 7,439 14,662 70.5 39,1972015–16 kt 11,624 3,568 2,104 6,105 14,206 77.0 37,6872016–17 s kt 16,570 10,330 3,304 11,157 18,041 60.8 59,463

2010–11 ’000 ha 713 3.6 790 0.8 1.5 0.0 1,5142011–12 ’000 ha 757 8.1 783 0.9 2.0 0.0 1,5582012–13 ’000 ha 712 6.0 687 0.0 2.2 0.0 1,4122013–14 ’000 ha 568 5.2 559 0.0 1.9 0.0 1,1392014–15 ’000 ha 435 6.3 696 0.1 6.4 0.0 1,1492015–16 ’000 ha 412 6.9 624 0.5 5.4 0.0 1,0542016–17 s ’000 ha 687 5.9 594 0.1 5.0 0.0 1,296

2010–11 kt 2,514 17.2 1,901 2.2 5.3 0.0 4,4462011–12 kt 3,064 31.0 2,379 2.0 6.3 0.0 5,4942012–13 kt 3,205 37.1 2,250 1.9 5.5 0.0 5,5052013–14 kt 2,317 45.9 1,469 0.0 7.7 0.0 3,8472014–15 kt 2,044 62.5 2,134 0.8 15.0 0.3 4,2622015–16 kt 1,656 65.9 1,821 1.0 12.6 0.3 3,5632016–17 s kt 2,314 57.5 1,480 0.1 10.9 0.0 3,869

Area

a Includes barley, canola, chickpeas, faba beans, field peas, lentils, linseed, lupins, oats, safflower, triticale and wheat. b Includes cottonseed, grain sorghum, corn (maize), mung beans, navy beans, peanuts, rice and sunflower. Australia totals also include navy beans. s ABARES estimate.Note: Series break in 2015–16. Prior to 2015–16 figures are based on establishments with an estimated value of agricultural operations (EVAO) of $5,000. From 2015–16 (inclusive) figures are based on establishments with an EVAO of $40,000.Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics, Canberra; Australian Oilseeds Federation, Sydney; Pulse Australia, Sydney

Production

Winter a

Area

Summer b

Production

TABLE 3.11 Australian winter and summer crop area and production, by state

26

Farm inputs


2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17

$m $m $m $m $m $m $mFarmCropsGrains

Barley 1,295 1,875 1,626 2,199 2,137 1,790 2,427Corn (maize) 5.9 24.2 49.7 36.5 30.0 21.7 31.8Grain sorghum 146 299 364 253 424 364 212Oats 37.1 46.8 83.0 80.0 106 104 126Rice 165 427 459 490 506 408 245Wheat 5,516 6,378 6,776 6,103 5,547 5,120 6,094

OilseedsCanola 866 1,344 2,094 1,929 1,349 1,097 2,128Cottonseed 85.3 195 219 168 74.7 68.9 86.1Other oilseeds a 13.7 10.5 13.3 18.3 13.6 19.0 20.4

PulsesChickpeas 213 384 533 297 414 1,013 1,920Field peas 85.1 93.5 89.1 67.2 90.5 85.5 109Lupins 88.8 85.7 143 125 119 96.8 147Other pulses b 311 436 418 530 541 584 910

Total grains, oilseeds and pulses 8,827 11,598 12,869 12,296 11,352 10,772 14,455Industrial crops

Raw cotton c 1,367 2,736 2,695 2,355 1,546 1,269 1,787Sugar 1,447 1,560 1,438 1,385 1,643 1,823 2,232Wine 2,009 1,910 1,867 1,847 1,983 2,184 2,366Total industrial crops 4,823 6,207 5,999 5,587 5,172 5,277 6,385

HorticultureFruit 456 505 634 724 755 1,072 1,087Tree nuts 211 240 348 610 734 930 820Vegetables 296 275 257 268 289 340 354Nursery 20.0 15.1 11.9 11.3 11.9 14.8 19.2Other horticulture d 290 244 201 220 230 252 281Total horticulture 1,274 1,279 1,452 1,833 2,019 2,609 2,561

Other crops and crop products 2,147 2,124 2,239 2,601 3,031 3,872 4,289Total crops 17,071 21,208 22,558 22,318 21,574 22,529 27,690Meat and live animals

Beef and veal 4,527 4,685 5,052 6,422 9,040 8,495 7,115Live feeder/slaughter cattle e 499 412 339 795 1,163 1,280 1,031Live breeder cattle g 161 239 251 255 192 271 168Lamb 1,064 1,092 1,128 1,534 1,779 1,771 1,934Live sheep h 348 345 194 185 245 228 233Mutton 453 401 510 772 824 699 719Pig meat 110 106 89.5 93.9 110 128 124Chicken meat 35.5 45.4 44.1 53.7 58.1 49.8 54.1Goat meat 124 114 146 199 258 226 250Live goats 9.7 9.7 7.2 9.9 9.6 10.3 4.7Total meat and live animals 7,331 7,448 7,759 10,318 13,680 13,157 11,633

WoolGreasy 2,371 2,448 2,261 2,212 2,497 2,590 3,014Semi processed 251 242 209 238 282 281 248Skins 426 433 398 426 375 412 355Total wool i 3,048 3,123 2,869 2,877 3,154 3,283 3,617

Dairy productsButter 252 201 180 243 198 156 111Cheese 731 751 784 765 823 859 848Casein 52.7 48.3 46.2 42.3 10.5 10.4 11.0Skim milk powder 504 474 467 708 682 516 454Whole milk powder 402 378 312 532 294 257 268Other dairy products 764 877 942 904 868 1,202 1,336Total dairy 2,705 2,730 2,731 3,194 2,876 3,001 3,029

Other livestock and livestock products 2,056 2,160 2,352 2,657 2,916 2,824 2,727Total livestock exports 15,140 15,461 15,712 19,046 22,625 22,265 21,005Total farm exports 32,211 36,669 38,270 41,364 44,200 44,794 48,695a Includes soybeans, linseed, sunflower seed, safflower seed and peanuts. Excludes meals and oils. b Field peas and cowpeas.c Excludes cotton waste and linters. d Other horticulture includes mainly coffee, tea, spices, essential oils and othermiscellaneous horticultural products. e Includes buffalo. g Includes dairy cattle and buffalo. h Includes breeding stock. i On abalance of payments basis. Australian Bureau of Statistics recorded trade data adjusted for changes in stock levels heldoverseas.Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra

TABLE 3.12 Value of Australian agricultural exports (fob) a

27

Farm inputs


2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17

$m $m $m $m $m $m $m

Egypt 407 407 381 337 401 353 237South Africa 113 220 188 143 186 113 81.9Other 447 518 777 877 583 380 385Total 968 1,145 1,346 1,357 1,170 845 704

United States 2,093 2,240 2,343 2,943 5,030 4,496 3,492Canada 333 327 337 413 550 537 441Other 206 277 221 190 227 164 145Total 2,632 2,844 2,901 3,547 5,806 5,196 4,078

China 4,672 6,700 7,483 9,168 9,071 8,966 10,120Japan 4,260 4,362 4,147 3,841 4,211 4,298 4,661Korea, Rep. of 2,142 2,548 2,373 2,349 2,825 3,229 3,375Taiwan 763 768 710 814 805 768 841Other 543 607 669 870 1,079 1,256 596Total 12,379 14,985 15,382 17,044 17,991 18,516 19,592

Indonesia 2,545 2,562 2,668 3,086 3,450 3,146 3,472Malaysia 899 929 1,030 1,222 1,269 1,183 1,092Philippines 510 683 652 471 653 666 950Singapore 787 857 987 1,138 1,037 1,120 1,195Thailand 819 982 776 825 797 702 718Other 800 931 783 1,161 1,404 1,470 1,546Total 6,360 6,944 6,897 7,903 8,610 8,287 8,973

South Asia 1,495 1,435 1,831 1,510 1,774 2,313 4,646Middle East 2,321 2,730 3,546 3,499 2,665 2,722 2,470

European Union a 2,528 2,887 2,710 2,763 2,445 3,055 3,752Russian Federation 487 399 319 390 110 118 38.9Other 87.1 79.8 73.3 93.1 81.7 88.9 96.8Total 3,102 3,366 3,102 3,246 2,637 3,262 3,887

New Zealand 1,415 1,471 1,476 1,491 1,557 1,578 1,530Other 509 540 555 580 605 623 619Total 1,924 2,011 2,031 2,071 2,163 2,201 2,149

Other b 1,030 1,208 1,233 1,187 1,385 1,451 2,196Total 32,211 36,669 38,270 41,364 44,200 44,794 48,695a Regarded as 28 countries. b Includes commodities such as rice and lupins for which export data are notavailable by destination.Note: For some agricultural commodities (namely: wheat, sugar and barley), data are only available byvolume to specific export destinations. The country export values for some of these commodities arecalculated using an average export unit return.Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra

Africa

Americas

North Asia

South East Asia

Europe

Oceania

TABLE 3.13 Value of Australian agricultural exports (fob), by country

28

Farm inputs


2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17

$m $m $m $m $m $m $m

Wheat 0.5 0.9 0.8 1.2 1.2 0.9 0.6Rice 181 159 152 185 205 206 190Canola 22.0 26.5 28.5 43.4 47.8 40.8 30.6Cottonseed 4.3 7.4 6.6 8.6 18.3 17.4 22.6Pulses 18.8 16.4 15.3 17.9 22.5 26.9 23.8Other grains and oilseeds 8.7 17.7 22.0 24.3 33.4 40.9 46.8Total 236 228 226 281 328 333 314

Fruit 818 937 864 1,089 1,232 1,287 1,286Tree nuts 245 295 287 346 425 487 478Vegetables 686 814 796 871 942 1,031 1,002Coffee and spices 510 601 599 688 793 916 874Other horticulture 116 123 130 162 204 207 166Total 2,375 2,770 2,675 3,156 3,596 3,928 3,807

Cotton 1.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.3Sugar 105 75.4 51.8 82.9 85.8 41.5 63.3Wine 490 554 602 678 691 752 748Total 596 630 654 761 777 794 811

Beef and veal 20.1 21.1 14.5 14.5 11.7 18.9 22.3Sheep meat 9.9 6.8 6.2 7.4 4.8 4.2 1.2Pig meat 453 474 527 517 657 630 656Total 483 502 548 538 673 653 680

Greasy 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Butter 83.7 92.2 66.9 99.6 105 108 184Cheese 398 408 390 493 532 585 679Casein 8.9 9.2 8.4 13.8 27.7 18.9 21.0Wholemilk powder 41.5 39.4 33.1 44.7 44.8 63.9 115Other dairy products 162 206 192 270 240 277 257Total 694 755 691 921 950 1,052 1,256Other farm imports a 6,243 6,421 6,998 8,222 9,035 10,501 10,195Total farm Imports 10,627 11,306 11,792 13,880 15,359 17,262 17,063a Consists largely of substantially and elaborately transformed foods.Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra

Grains, oilseeds and pulses

Horticulture

Industrial crops

Meat and live animals for slaughter

Wool

Dairy products

TABLE 3.14 Value of Australian agricultural imports

29

Farm inputs


2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17

$m $m $m $m $m $m $m

Africa 192 135 124 158 194 193 199

Argentina 260 311 354 436 484 478 517Mexico 131 136 173 214 254 285 294United States 1,153 1,273 1,411 1,591 1,751 1,837 1,873Other 632 656 588 684 809 850 822Total 2,176 2,376 2,525 2,924 3,297 3,450 3,506

China 642 682 707 800 902 1,026 980Other 214 220 234 268 383 526 507Total 856 902 941 1,068 1,285 1,552 1,487

Indonesia 175 162 171 195 246 294 266Malaysia 431 416 417 473 512 551 553Singapore 572 833 839 832 909 973 864Thailand 470 437 455 528 593 682 638Vietnam 143 171 166 206 260 322 340Other 45.7 50.6 44.7 61.4 85.8 87.1 79.9Total 1,836 2,070 2,092 2,295 2,606 2,909 2,741

South AsiaIndia 194 238 224 239 277 312 308Other 79.9 77.1 76.6 97.3 111 126 120Total 274 315 300 336 388 438 428

Middle East 66.0 59.6 71.7 88.8 106 125 134

Denmark 236 221 261 264 354 349 327France 360 394 453 560 570 685 641Germany 244 264 305 340 374 446 418Italy 436 469 486 623 642 718 725Netherlands 267 354 402 440 508 604 627United Kingdom 377 397 451 518 530 624 635Other 962 886 897 1,058 1,089 1,316 1,352Total 2,883 2,985 3,254 3,803 4,066 4,742 4,726

New Zealand 1,900 2,043 2,085 2,761 2,941 3,367 3,543Other 97.6 99.4 75.3 71.1 82.4 94.1 84.9Total 1,997 2,143 2,160 2,832 3,023 3,461 3,628

Other 347 322 323 375 394 392 215Total 10,627 11,306 11,792 13,880 15,359 17,262 17,063Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra

Americas

North Asia

South-East Asia

Europe

Oceania

TABLE 3.15 Value of Australian agricultural imports by country

Rural commodities

31

Coarse grains


Area cd Yield Volume Value Volume Value

’000 ha t/ha kt $m kt $m

1973–74 3,664 1.28 4,672 347 na 1371974–75 3,285 1.35 4,424 404 na 2801975–76 3,868 1.46 5,630 500 na 3071976–77 3,901 1.29 5,018 464 na 3351977–78 4,318 0.98 4,218 347 na 1791978–79 4,663 1.52 7,063 555 na 2461979–80 4,200 1.48 6,216 667 4,467 5121980–81 4,280 1.22 5,209 701 2,764 4301981–82 4,847 1.38 6,686 798 3,459 5191982–83 4,528 0.88 3,966 563 1,805 2941983–84 5,794 1.64 9,497 1,240 4,548 7381984–85 5,524 1.59 8,772 1,156 6,466 9811985–86 5,307 1.53 8,114 975 5,838 8261986–87 4,435 1.58 6,990 816 3,693 4761987–88 4,576 1.57 7,164 922 2,505 na1988–89 4,292 1.57 6,735 1,064 2,474 4481989–90 3,918 1.79 7,006 1,086 3,345 6671990–91 4,127 1.64 6,767 869 3,320 5761991–92 4,624 1.75 8,109 1,151 2,738 4871992–93 4,689 1.78 8,361 1,176 3,331 6111993–94 5,044 1.96 9,865 1,241 2,328 4451994–95 4,257 1.30 5,535 1,125 2,649 4521995–96 5,294 1.90 10,069 2,050 4,104 1,0251996–97 5,375 2.02 10,845 1,978 4,819 1,1041997–98 5,388 1.88 10,101 1,601 3,403 8101998–99 5,114 2.10 10,722 1,419 5,070 9351999–2000 4,242 2.22 9,436 1,401 4,065 8652000–01 5,326 2.05 10,914 1,952 4,630 1,1982001–02 5,806 2.25 13,048 2,583 5,753 1,4382002–03 5,899 1.17 6,923 1,650 3,768 1,0292003–04 6,816 2.29 15,630 2,562 5,785 1,3442004–05 6,756 1.79 12,063 1,849 7,190 1,4122005–06 6,562 2.18 14,294 2,132 5,684 1,1922006–07 6,215 1.08 6,727 1,597 3,246 8702007–08 7,509 1.77 13,289 3,857 4,418 1,6142008–09 7,040 1.79 12,587 2,853 5,533 1,8022009–10 6,178 1.85 11,407 2,045 4,953 1,2692010–11 5,389 2.18 11,769 2,519 5,318 1,4832011–12 5,323 2.34 12,457 2,564 7,911 2,2452012–13 5,197 2.21 11,499 3,053 6,832 2,1232013–14 5,193 2.35 12,226 3,253 8,121 2,5682014–15 5,806 2.19 12,691 3,582 7,756 2,6972015–16 5,581 2.26 12,610 3,328 6,845 2,2802016–17 s 5,508 3.10 17,076 3,404 10,708 2,797

Production b Exports c

a Includes barley, grain sorghum, corn (maize), oats and triticale. b Details for establishments with estimated value of agricultural operations (EVAO) of $1,500 or more until 1980–81; $2,500 or more from 1981–82 to 1985–86; EVAO of $20,000 or more from 1986–87 to 1990–91; EVAO of $22,500 or more from 1991–92 to 1992–93; EVAO of $5,000 or more from 1993–94 to 2014–15; and EVAO of $40,000 from 2015–16. c July-June years. d Planted area. s ABARES estimateSources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Agriculture, Australia, cat. no. 7113.0, Canberra; ABS, Agricultural commodities, Australia, cat no. 7121.0, Canberra; ABS, Crops and pastures, Australia, cat. no. 7321.0, Canberra; ABS, International trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra; ABS, Principal agricultural commodities, Australia, preliminary, cat. no. 7111.0, Canberra; ABS, Summary of crops, Australia, cat. no. 7330.0, Canberra; ABS, Value of agricultural commodities produced, Australia, cat. no. 7503.0, Canberra; UN Commodity Trade Statistics Database (UN Comtrade)

TABLE 4.1 Summary of Australian statistics for coarse grains

32

Coarse grains


New South Western

Unit South Wales Victoria Queensland Australia Australia Tasmania Australia b

2010–11 ’000 ha 878 802 94.0 795 1,101 10.9 3,6812011–12 ’000 ha 673 831 80.0 881 1,246 6.5 3,7182012–13 ’000 ha 619 854 89.7 861 1,215 5.1 3,6442013–14 ’000 ha 715 919 106 810 1,258 6.0 3,8142014–15 ’000 ha 882 916 125 840 1,308 5.2 4,0782015–16 ’000 ha 966 844 138 769 1,384 5.6 4,1082016–17 s ’000 ha 870 940 94.5 800 1,325 5.0 4,035

2010–11 t/ha 2.5 2.4 1.6 2.7 1.4 3.6 2.22011–12 t/ha 2.1 2.4 2.4 2.1 2.2 3.6 2.22012–13 t/ha 2.1 2.3 1.9 2.1 1.9 3.2 2.12013–14 t/ha 2.1 2.2 1.7 2.3 2.8 4.3 2.42014–15 t/ha 2.1 1.5 2.0 2.3 2.4 3.2 2.12015–16 t/ha 2.6 1.3 2.7 2.2 2.3 3.0 2.22016–17 s t/ha 3.1 3.4 3.2 3.8 3.2 3.4 3.3

2010–11 kt 2,194 1,945 146 2,122 1,549 39.1 7,9952011–12 kt 1,425 2,005 191 1,816 2,761 23.1 8,2212012–13 kt 1,286 1,952 170 1,794 2,252 16.5 7,4722013–14 kt 1,486 2,036 180 1,892 3,556 25.4 9,1742014–15 kt 1,869 1,374 253 1,941 3,192 16.9 8,6462015–16 kt 2,528 1,107 372 1,719 3,248 16.5 8,9922016–17 s kt 2,697 3,200 300 3,000 4,200 17.1 13,414

2010–11 ’000 ha 321 166 13.7 67.0 255 3.4 8262011–12 ’000 ha 236 131 17.9 55.0 288 3.4 7312012–13 ’000 ha 234 117 48.0 67.9 258 3.7 7292013–14 ’000 ha 268 106 23.3 53.7 260 4.3 7152014–15 ’000 ha 362 133 65.4 56.8 233 3.7 8542015–16 ’000 ha 278 140 36.2 65.4 300 1.9 8222016–17 s ’000 ha 322 154 30.1 63.0 341 4.2 914


2010–11 kt 469 237 7.3 125 283 7.0 1,1282011–12 kt 258 234 22.8 78.0 662 7.6 1,2622012–13 kt 276 233 14.4 88.4 502 7.4 1,1212013–14 kt 283 213 3.0 82.2 661 11.7 1,2552014–15 kt 350 179 14.8 89.4 558 6.3 1,1982015–16 kt 383 185 23.4 103 601 4.5 1,3002016–17 s kt 477 440 24.8 175 750 6.9 1,873

Continued …

Area c

Yield

Production d

Barley

Area c

Yield

Production d

Oats

TABLE 4.2 Australian coarse grains area, yield and production, by state a

33

Coarse grains


New South Western


2010–11 ’000 ha 71.8 38.3 0.5 51.5 24.5 0.5 1872011–12 ’000 ha 51.9 35.7 1.1 32.0 23.2 0.6 1452012–13 ’000 ha 33.3 21.6 0.1 28.5 15.2 0.4 99.22013–14 ’000 ha 28.2 15.8 0.0 21.2 14.1 0.6 79.92014–15 ’000 ha 29.4 15.8 2.2 16.3 17.4 0.5 81.52015–16 ’000 ha 24.7 14.1 3.9 18.0 17.7 0.1 78.42016–17 s ’000 ha 50.0 10.0 3.9 25.0 10.0 0.5 99.4

2010–11 t/ha 2.4 1.9 2.3 1.7 0.8 2.7 1.92011–12 t/ha 2.5 2.1 2.2 1.3 1.5 2.6 2.02012–13 t/ha 2.1 2.3 4.0 1.3 0.8 1.7 1.72013–14 t/ha 1.9 2.0 na 0.9 1.2 2.8 1.62014–15 t/ha 2.3 2.1 1.1 1.1 1.3 2.7 1.82015–16 t/ha 2.4 1.4 1.9 1.0 1.3 2.8 1.62016–17 s t/ha 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.2 1.3 2.4 2.6

2010–11 kt 175 73 1.2 85.6 18.9 1.5 3552011–12 kt 129 75 2.4 40.8 35.7 1.5 2852012–13 kt 70.2 50 0.2 38.3 12.0 0.7 1712013–14 kt 54.7 32 0.0 20.0 17.5 1.6 1262014–15 kt 67.0 32 2.5 18.0 21.8 1.2 1432015–16 kt 60.0 19 7.3 18.5 22.4 0.2 1272016–17 s kt 148 28 10.6 55.0 13.0 1.1 255

2010–11 ’000 ha 197 0.5 435 0.1 1.0 0.0 6332011–12 ’000 ha 221 1.2 436 0.0 0.5 0.0 6592012–13 ’000 ha 214 1.0 431 0.0 0.7 0.0 6472013–14 ’000 ha 175 0.2 356 0.0 0.7 0.0 5322014–15 ’000 ha 184 0.2 547 0.1 1.5 0.0 7322015–16 ’000 ha 155 0.5 363 0.1 2.1 0.0 5212016–17 s ’000 ha 135 0.2 260 0.0 1.0 0.0 396

2010–11 t/ha 3.8 3.5 2.7 2.2 1.5 0.0 3.12011–12 t/ha 3.7 2.5 3.3 0.0 2.9 na 3.42012–13 t/ha 3.5 4.0 3.4 na 2.9 na 3.42013–14 t/ha 2.4 2.2 2.4 na 2.8 na 2.42014–15 t/ha 3.2 3.1 3.0 5.6 2.7 na 3.02015–16 t/ha 3.9 6.3 3.2 1.8 2.6 na 3.42016–17 s t/ha 2.7 2.9 2.5 na 1.6 na 2.6

2010–11 kt 748 1.8 1,183 0.3 1.5 0.0 1,9352011–12 kt 814 2.8 1,416 0.0 1.5 0.0 2,2392012–13 kt 747 4.0 1,475 1.0 2.0 0.0 2,2292013–14 kt 419 0.5 860 0.0 1.9 0.0 1,2822014–15 kt 586 0.5 1,618 0.8 4.0 0.0 2,2092015–16 kt 604 3.2 1,177 0.1 5.4 0.0 1,7912016–17 s kt 365 0.5 650 0.0 1.6 0.0 1,017

Continued …

Area c

Yield

Production d

Triticale

Area c

Yield

Production d

Grain sorghum

TABLE 4.2 Australian coarse grains area, yield and production, by state a continued

34

Coarse grains


New South Western


2010–11 ’000 ha 23.2 1.6 37.0 0.2 0.2 0.0 62.22011–12 ’000 ha 21.1 4.2 42.9 0.9 0.3 0.0 69.72012–13 ’000 ha 34.0 3.0 40.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 78.02013–14 ’000 ha 22.2 3.4 26.2 0.0 0.5 0.0 52.32014–15 ’000 ha 23.4 4.8 30.7 0.0 0.6 0.0 59.62015–16 ’000 ha 17.4 5.4 30.1 0.1 0.3 0.0 53.32016–17 s ’000 ha 21.0 5.0 36.5 0.0 1.0 0.0 63.5

2010–11 t/ha 7.4 7.4 4.6 6.2 7.0 0.0 5.72011–12 t/ha 9.8 5.0 5.1 2.3 7.4 na 6.52012–13 t/ha 7.7 9.3 5.3 na 3.0 na 6.52013–14 t/ha 9.4 11.1 5.2 na 9.8 na 7.52014–15 t/ha 10.5 12.2 6.0 na 11.9 10.2 8.32015–16 t/ha 9.8 11.4 5.4 7.4 13.1 18.0 7.52016–17 s t/ha 9.0 11.0 7.3 na 6.2 na 8.1

2010–11 kt 171 11.6 171 1.2 1.6 0.0 3572011–12 kt 207 20.9 217 2.0 2.3 0.0 4512012–13 kt 261 28.0 213 0.9 3.0 0.0 5062013–14 kt 209 38.1 137 0.0 4.9 0.0 3902014–15 kt 246 58.9 183 0.0 6.6 0.3 4952015–16 kt 170 61.2 164 0.7 4.2 0.3 4002016–17 s kt 189 55.0 266 0.0 6.2 0.0 516

2010–11 ’000 ha 1,491 1,008 580 914 1,382 14.8 5,3892011–12 ’000 ha 1,203 1,003 577 969 1,558 10.5 5,3232012–13 ’000 ha 1,134 997 609 958 1,490 9.1 5,1972013–14 ’000 ha 1,209 1,044 511 885 1,533 10.9 5,1932014–15 ’000 ha 1,481 1,070 771 914 1,561 9.4 5,8062015–16 ’000 ha 1,441 1,005 571 853 1,704 7.5 5,5812016–17 s ’000 ha 1,398 1,109 425 888 1,678 9.7 5,508


2010–11 kt 3,756 2,268 1,509 2,334 1,854 47.5 11,7692011–12 kt 2,833 2,338 1,849 1,936 3,463 32.2 12,4572012–13 kt 2,640 2,267 1,873 1,923 2,771 24.6 11,4992013–14 kt 2,452 2,319 1,180 1,995 4,241 38.7 12,2262014–15 kt 3,118 1,645 2,072 2,049 3,782 24.7 12,6912015–16 kt 3,744 1,376 1,744 1,841 3,881 21.4 12,6102016–17 s kt 3,875 3,723 1,252 3,230 4,971 25.0 17,076a Crops sown for grain. b Includes data for the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory. c Planted area. d Series break in 2015–16. Prior to 2015–16 figures are based on establishments with an estimated value of agricultural operations (EVAO) of $5,000. From 2015–16 (inclusive) figures are based on establishments with an EVAO of $40,000. s ABARES estimate.Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Agriculture, Australia, cat. no. 7113.0, Canberra; ABS, Agricultural commodities, Australia, cat. no. 7121.0, Canberra; ABS, Principal agricultural commodities, Australia, preliminary, cat. no. 7111.0, Canberra

Corn (maize)

Area c

Yield

Production d

Total coarse grains

Area c

Yield

Production d

TABLE 4.2 Australian coarse grains area, yield and production, by state a continued

35

Coarse grains


Area bc Yield Volume Value Volume Value

’000 ha t/ha kt $m kt $m

1973–74 1,895 1.3 2,398 190 808 68.51974–75 1,826 1.4 2,515 257 1,760 1871975–76 2,329 1.4 3,179 314 1,963 2011976–77 2,321 1.2 2,847 295 2,100 2231977–78 2,802 0.9 2,383 205 1,325 1221978–79 2,785 1.4 4,006 339 2,028 1741979–80 2,483 1.5 3,703 450 3,406 4071980–81 2,452 1.1 2,682 381 2,076 3411981–82 2,685 1.3 3,450 463 2,021 3401982–83 2,452 0.8 1,939 288 1,262 2251983–84 3,109 1.6 4,890 733 3,468 5831984–85 3,518 1.6 5,554 759 4,341 6651985–86 3,285 1.5 4,868 587 4,490 6101986–87 2,274 1.6 3,548 433 2,637 3511987–88 2,346 1.5 3,417 460 1,863 2931988–89 2,190 1.5 3,242 569 1,918 3551989–90 2,310 1.8 4,044 709 2,926 6031990–91 2,556 1.6 4,108 568 2,924 5121991–92 2,744 1.7 4,530 693 2,403 4351992–93 2,947 1.8 5,397 802 2,832 5321993–94 3,425 1.9 6,668 845 1,910 3751994–95 2,471 1.2 2,913 622 2,437 4131995–96 3,111 1.9 5,823 1,276 3,457 8761996–97 3,367 2.0 6,696 1,308 4,375 9991997–98 3,521 1.8 6,482 1,032 2,987 7261998–99 3,167 1.9 5,987 835 4,718 8771999–2000 2,596 1.9 5,032 865 3,837 8222000–01 3,454 2.0 6,744 1,344 4,149 1,1012001–02 3,707 2.2 8,280 1,725 4,992 1,2782002–03 3,864 1.0 3,865 984 3,466 9552003–04 4,477 2.3 10,382 1,750 5,312 1,2392004–05 4,646 1.7 7,740 1,233 6,502 1,2752005–06 4,406 2.2 9,482 1,417 5,316 1,1082006–07 4,182 1.0 4,257 1,039 3,136 8332007–08 4,902 1.5 7,160 2,244 4,052 1,4962008–09 5,015 1.6 7,997 1,850 3,899 1,3212009–10 4,422 1.8 7,865 1,356 4,235 1,0932010–11 3,681 2.2 7,995 1,729 4,625 1,2952011–12 3,718 2.2 8,221 1,723 6,568 1,8752012–13 3,644 2.1 7,472 2,063 5,165 1,6262013–14 3,814 2.4 9,174 2,453 7,124 2,1992014–15 4,078 2.1 8,646 2,417 6,208 2,1372015–16 4,108 2.2 8,992 2,277 5,498 1,7902016–17 s 4,035 3.3 13,414 2,559 9,537 2,427a Details for establishments with estimated value of agricultural operations (EVAO) of $1,500 or more until 1980–81; $2,500 or more from 1981–82 to 1985–86; EVAO of $20,000 or more from 1986–87 to 1990–91; EVAO of $22,500 or more from 1991–92 to 1992–93; EVAO of $5,000 or more from 1993–94 to 2014–15; and EVAO of $40,000 from 2015–16. b Includes the grain equivalent of malt exported. July–June years. c Planted area. s ABARES estimate.Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Agriculture, Australia, cat. no. 7113.0, Canberra; ABS, Agricultural commodities, Australia, cat. no. 7121.0, Canberra; ABS, Crops and pastures, Australia, cat. no. 7321.0, Canberra; ABS, International trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra; ABS, Principal agricultural commodities, Australia, preliminary, cat. no. 7111.0, Canberra; ABS, Summary of crops, Australia, cat. no. 7330.0, Canberra; ABS, Value of agricultural commodities produced, Australia, cat. no. 7503.0, Canberra

Production a Exports b

TABLE 4.3 Summary of Australian statistics for barley, crops sown for grain

36

Coarse grains


Area ac Yield Volume Value Volume Value

’000 ha t/ha kt $m kt $m1973–74 1,182 0.9 1,107 66.8 184 13.61974–75 896 1.0 874 59.6 267 19.81975–76 1,026 1.2 1,197 77.8 359 32.91976–77 995 1.1 1,072 74.4 364 33.41977–78 1,076 0.9 991 69.1 218 19.61978–79 1,359 1.3 1,763 100 290 24.91979–80 1,123 1.3 1,411 98.8 472 43.81980–81 1,093 1.0 1,128 140 196 28.01981–82 1,388 1.2 1,617 156 153 24.01982–83 1,212 0.7 848 116 83.0 13.01983–84 1,772 1.3 2,296 204 289 41.01984–85 1,041 1.3 1,367 130 391 49.01985–86 1,068 1.2 1,330 138 185 25.01986–87 1,140 1.4 1,584 165 192 27.01987–88 1,276 1.3 1,698 195 215 31.01988–89 1,310 1.4 1,838 237 253 46.41989–90 1,089 1.5 1,640 178 232 35.41990–91 1,044 1.5 1,530 147 214 33.61991–92 1,160 1.5 1,690 182 141 21.01992–93 1,149 1.7 1,937 209 266 40.01993–94 947 1.7 1,647 148 223 32.61994–95 897 1.0 924 166 95.6 17.81995–96 1,136 1.7 1,875 289 233 49.81996–97 1,052 1.6 1,653 227 124 26.31997–98 937 1.7 1,634 223 155 30.31998–99 909 2.0 1,798 157 257 38.51999–2000 584 1.9 1,118 118 160 27.42000–01 651 1.6 1,050 138 97.0 22.22001–02 784 1.8 1,434 251 130 36.82002–03 912 1.1 957 210 178 43.62003–04 1,089 1.9 2,018 279 172 38.12004–05 894 1.4 1,283 172 165 35.82005–06 930 1.8 1,688 249 190 46.62006–07 1,003 0.7 748 180 61.6 19.52007–08 1,238 1.2 1,502 423 115 36.62008–09 870 1.3 1,160 251 196 63.62009–10 850 1.4 1,162 186 216 52.52010–11 826 1.4 1,128 221 127 37.12011–12 731 1.7 1,262 255 163 46.82012–13 729 1.5 1,121 265 241 83.02013–14 715 1.8 1,255 268 213 80.02014–15 854 1.4 1,198 300 284 1062015–16 821 1.6 1,300 398 230 1042016–17 s 914 2.0 1,873 445 369 126


a Details for establishments with estimated value of agricultural operations (EVAO) of $1,500 or more until 1980–81; $2,500 or more from 1981–82 to 1985–86; EVAO of $20,000 or more from 1986–87 to 1990–91; EVAO of $22,500 or more from 1991–92 to 1992–93; EVAO of $5,000 or more from 1993–94 to 2014–15; and EVAO of $40,000 from 2015–16. b July–June years. c Planted area. s ABARES estimate.Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Agriculture, Australia, cat. no. 7113.0, Canberra; ABS, Agricultural commodities, Australia, cat. no. 7121.0, Canberra; ABS, Crops and pastures, Australia, cat. no. 7321.0, Canberra; ABS, International trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra; ABS, Principal agricultural commodities, Australia, preliminary, cat. no. 7111.0, Canberra; ABS, Summary of crops, Australia, cat. no. 7330.0, Canberra; ABS, Value of agricultural commodities produced, Australia, cat. no. 7503.0, Canberra; UN Commodity Trade Statistics Database (UN Comtrade)

TABLE 4.4 Summary of Australian statistics for oats, crops sown for grain

37

Coarse grains


Area ac Yield Volume Value Volume Value

’000 ha t/ha kt $m kt $m1973–74 540 2.0 1,061 80.4 748 54.31974–75 511 1.8 901 76.2 856 73.31975–76 504 2.2 1,123 96.1 815 71.81976–77 532 1.8 956 80.3 829 76.31977–78 394 1.8 714 59.5 385 35.51978–79 469 2.4 1,125 97.4 516 45.51979–80 519 1.8 922 96.1 580 59.81980–81 658 1.8 1,203 152 463 58.01981–82 648 2.0 1,316 140 1,271 1531982–83 708 1.4 958 124 442 54.01983–84 730 2.6 1,886 246 772 1111984–85 723 1.9 1,369 197 1,594 2421985–86 733 1.9 1,416 181 1,082 1781986–87 818 1.7 1,419 162 818 91.01987–88 765 2.1 1,633 208 415 51.01988–89 625 2.0 1,244 194 290 42.61989–90 376 2.5 939 136 158 23.41990–91 376 2.0 747 98.6 166 25.41991–92 567 2.5 1,443 204 183 28.91992–93 426 1.3 546 87.0 211 34.11993–94 499 2.2 1,084 173 173 31.91994–95 687 1.9 1,273 242 111 18.61995–96 770 2.1 1,592 320 411 97.21996–97 544 2.6 1,425 257 299 70.51997–98 507 2.1 1,081 183 251 49.81998–99 587 3.2 1,891 282 75.6 13.51999–2000 622 3.4 2,116 260 25.6 4.12000–01 758 2.6 1,935 279 330 59.32001–02 823 2.5 2,021 349 586 1092002–03 667 2.2 1,465 300 70.4 17.42003–04 734 2.7 2,009 319 289 61.02004–05 755 2.7 2,011 270 513 95.92005–06 767 2.5 1,932 276 173 32.92006–07 613 2.1 1,283 274 45.6 12.82007–08 942 4.0 3,790 977 251 76.42008–09 767 3.5 2,692 553 1,368 4052009–10 498 3.0 1,508 296 487 1162010–11 633 3.1 1,935 412 553 1462011–12 659 3.4 2,239 423 1,112 2992012–13 647 3.4 2,229 562 1,291 3642013–14 532 2.4 1,282 384 701 2532014–15 732 3.0 2,209 666 1,205 4242015–16 521 3.4 1,791 492 1,075 3642016–17 s 396 2.6 1,017 243 729 212


a Details for establishments with estimated value of agricultural operations (EVAO) of $1,500 or more until 1980–81; $2,500 or more from 1981–82 to 1985–86; EVAO of $20,000 or more from 1986–87 to 1990–91; EVAO of $22,500 or more from 1991–92 to 1992–93; EVAO of $5,000 or more from 1993–94 to 2014–15; and EVAO of $40,000 from 2015–16. b July–June years. c Planted area. s ABARES estimate.Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Agriculture, Australia, cat. no. 7113.0, Canberra; ABS, Agricultural commodities, Australia, cat. no. 7121.0, Canberra; ABS, Crops and pastures, Australia, cat. no. 7321.0, Canberra; ABS, International trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra; ABS, Principal agricultural commodities, Australia, preliminary, cat. no. 7111.0, Canberra; ABS, Summary of crops, Australia, cat. no. 7330.0, Canberra; ABS, Value of agricultural commodities produced, Australia, cat. no. 7503.0, Canberra

TABLE 4.5 Summary of Australian statistics for sorghum, crops sown for grain

38

Coarse grains


Area ac Yield Volume b Value Volume Value

’000 ha t/ha kt $m kt $m1973–74 45.6 2.3 106 9.0 2.7 0.21974–75 51.4 2.6 133 11.7 1.3 0.21975–76 46.7 2.8 131 12.2 10.8 1.01976–77 53.0 2.7 144 13.1 33.0 2.81977–78 45.2 2.9 130 12.2 11.1 1.61978–79 49.9 3.4 169 15.6 16.9 1.31979–80 53.9 2.8 151 19.8 7.7 0.91980–81 56.2 3.1 172 26.1 29.1 3.41981–82 60.8 3.5 211 29.6 14.2 1.91982–83 64.3 2.2 139 23.3 18.0 2.41983–84 68.4 3.5 238 35.6 19.0 2.81984–85 103 2.8 291 46.1 140 24.91985–86 84.2 3.3 278 40.4 81.0 13.21986–87 57.7 3.6 206 31.1 46.0 7.01987–88 55.6 3.7 208 32.0 12.0 1.91988–89 51.7 4.2 217 35.9 12.6 3.51989–90 52.3 4.2 219 38.6 29.8 5.11990–91 48.5 4.0 194 32.2 15.6 4.81991–92 51.8 5.2 269 47.8 12.0 2.91992–93 44.9 4.4 199 41.6 20.9 4.71993–94 43.8 4.7 204 40.7 22.4 5.71994–95 50.2 4.8 242 59.3 6.2 3.21995–96 56.3 5.5 311 69.4 3.9 2.01996–97 66.7 6.0 398 79.7 21.5 7.71997–98 57.4 4.7 272 55.2 10.5 3.41998–99 64.5 5.2 338 60.5 18.8 6.11999–2000 82.3 4.9 406 62.1 43.0 11.42000–01 74.2 4.6 345 65.0 54.6 15.42001–02 82.6 5.5 454 90.1 45.4 13.62002–03 49.6 6.3 310 72.3 54.3 13.12003–04 70.1 5.6 395 88.2 11.9 5.92004–05 72.4 5.8 420 80.9 9.3 5.82005–06 67.2 5.4 362 70.6 4.3 3.92006–07 48.9 4.9 240 59.6 2.3 3.82007–08 68.0 5.7 387 99.8 0.6 4.72008–09 64.6 5.8 376 106 69.2 13.32009–10 59.0 5.6 328 87.8 14.6 7.72010–11 62.2 5.7 357 92.4 11.9 5.92011–12 69.7 6.5 451 113 67.8 24.22012–13 78.0 6.5 506 120 134 49.72013–14 52.3 7.5 390 116 83.3 36.52014–15 59.6 8.3 495 163 58.1 30.02015–16 53.3 7.5 400 130 41.3 21.72016–17 s 63.5 8.1 516 125 73.3 31.8a Details for establishments with estimated value of agricultural operations (EVAO) of $1,500 or more until 1980–81; $2,500 or morefrom 1981–82 to 1985–86; EVAO of $20,000 or more from 1986–87 to 1990–91; EVAO of $22,500 or more from 1991–92 to1992–93; EVAO of $5,000 or more from 1993–94 to 2014–15; and EVAO of $40,000 from 2015–16. b July–June years. c Planted area.s ABARES estimate.Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Agriculture, Australia , cat. no. 7113.0, Canberra; ABS, Agriculturalcommodities, Australia, cat. no. 7121.0, Canberra; ABS, Crops and pastures, Australia, cat. no. 7321.0, Canberra; ABS, Internationaltrade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra; ABS, Principal agricultural commodities, Australia, preliminary, cat. no. 7111.0,Canberra; ABS, Summary of crops, Australia, cat. no. 7330.0, Canberra; ABS, Value of agricultural commodities produced, Australia,cat. no. 7503.0, Canberra


TABLE 4.6 Summary of Australian statistics for corn (maize), crops sown for grain

39

Coarse grains


Area ab Yield Volume Value

’000 ha t/ha kt $m1980–81 21.7 1.1 23.5 2.81981–82 64.5 1.4 91.4 9.51982–83 91.8 0.9 81.8 11.31983–84 116 1.6 188 21.41984–85 140 1.4 190 23.91985–86 137 1.6 222 28.31986–87 145 1.6 233 26.01987–88 134 1.5 208 27.01988–89 116 1.7 195 28.41989–90 91.3 1.8 164 24.71990–91 104 1.8 189 22.91991–92 101 1.8 177 24.51992–93 122 2.3 282 36.81993–94 129 2.0 263 34.71994–95 153 1.2 182 35.41995–96 221 2.1 469 94.71996–97 346 1.9 674 1071997–98 366 1.7 632 1081998–99 386 1.8 707 84.71999–2000 358 2.1 764 96.02000–01 389 2.2 841 1262001–02 409 2.1 860 1682002–03 408 0.8 327 84.42003–04 445 1.9 826 1262004–05 389 1.6 610 92.72005–06 392 2.1 830 1192006–07 369 0.5 199 44.42007–08 360 1.3 450 1132008–09 323 1.1 363 93.22009–10 350 1.6 545 1202010–11 187 1.9 355 65.42011–12 145 2.0 285 50.12012–13 99.2 1.7 171 42.72013–14 79.9 1.6 126 32.42014–15 81.5 1.8 143 36.72015–16 78.4 1.6 127 31.62016–17 s 99.4 2.6 255 32.2

Production a

a Details for establishments with estimated value of agricultural operations (EVAO) of $1,500 or more until 1980–81; $2,500 or more from 1981–82 to 1985–86; EVAO of $20,000 or more from 1986–87 to 1990–91; EVAO of $22,500 or more from 1991–92 to 1992–93; EVAO of $5,000 or more from 1993–94 to 2014–15; and EVAO of $40,000 from 2015–16. b Planted area. s ABARES estimate.Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Agriculture, Australia, cat. no. 7113.0, Canberra; ABS, Agricultural commodities, Australia, cat. no. 7121.0, Canberra; ABS, Crops and pastures, Australia, cat. no. 7321.0, Canberra; ABS, Principal agricultural commodities, Australia, preliminary, cat. no. 7111.0, Canberra; ABS, Summary of crops, Australia, cat. no. 7330.0, Canberra; ABS, Value of agricultural commodities produced, Australia, cat. no. 7503.0, Canberra

TABLE 4.7 Summary of Australian statistics for triticale, crops sown for grain

40

Coarse grains


Unit 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17 s

kt kt kt kt kt kt kt

China kt 1,267 1,686 1,712 3,711 4,560 2,610 5,953Japan kt 908 1,075 952 810 496 679 1,302Korea, Rep. of kt 202 232 215 257 234 179 202Philippines kt 76.4 88.5 88.7 31.8 17.3 41.1 83.9Taiwan kt 58.2 34.3 48.4 40.3 31.4 39.0 39.1Thailand kt 162 167 178 169 177 138 95.5Vietnam kt 133 186 174 176 184 176 257

Kuwait kt 259 332 141 134 44.0 304 240Saudi Arabia kt 782 1,892 1,148 1,272 0.0 773 482United Arab Emirates kt 284 311 155 145 143 361 139

World kt 4,625 6,568 5,165 7,124 6,208 5,498 9,537value $m 1,295 1,875 1,626 2,199 2,137 1,790 2,427

China kt 55.6 15.4 323 601 1,182 1,041 649Japan kt 409 825 741 46.5 0.9 1.3 7.1Taiwan kt 16.5 46.0 23.3 10.5 6.0 11.7 15.0

New Zealand kt 41.7 72.0 95.2 23.4 0.1 0.1 34.7Papua New Guinea kt 17.6 20.5 13.9 5.7 0.8 0.8 0.5

World kt 553 1,112 1,291 701 1,205 1,075 729value $m 146 299 364 253 424 364 212

a July–June years. b Includes the grain equivalent of malt. s Includes ABARES estimate for barley.Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra

Barley b

Middle East

Sorghum

Asia

Oceania

Asia

TABLE 4.8 Volume of Australian exports of barley and sorghum, by destination a

41

Coarse grains


Estimated domestic disposals

Production b Exports c Other d Seed

kt kt kt kt

2011–12 8,221 6,146 1,911 1642012–13 7,472 5,289 2,011 1722013–14 9,174 6,957 2,035 1842014–15 8,646 5,932 2,529 1852015–16 8,992 6,342 2,471 1802016–17 s 13,414 9,465 3,780 169

2011–12 1,262 213 1,014 35.02012–13 1,121 237 850 34.32013–14 1,255 253 960 41.02014–15 1,198 238 920 39.92015–16 1,300 274 983 43.42016–17 s 1,873 365 1,472 35.7

2011–12 2,239 950 981 3.32012–13 2,229 1,179 1,056 3.22013–14 1,282 1,146 1,080 2.72014–15 2,209 397 881 3.72015–16 1,791 1,638 569 3.42016–17 s 1,017 913 1,305 2.4

2011–12 451 46.0 311 1.02012–13 506 106 346 1.22013–14 390 106 400 0.82014–15 495 60.1 330 0.92015–16 400 63.9 431 0.82016–17 s 516 63.2 342 1.0

2011–12 285 0.0 280 5.02012–13 171 0.0 167 4.02013–14 126 0.0 122 4.12014–15 143 0.0 137 5.82015–16 127 1.1 123 4.82016–17 s 255 0.3 252 3.3

2011–12 12,457 0.0 4,496 2082012–13 11,499 0.0 4,429 2142013–14 12,226 0.0 4,597 2322014–15 12,691 0.0 4,797 2352015–16 12,610 1.0 4,575 2322016–17 s 17,076 0.3 7,150 211a Crops sown for grain. Crop years are November–October for barley, oats and triticale, and March–February for corn (maize) and grain sorghum. b Series break in 2015–16. Prior to 2015–16 figures are based on establishments with an estimated value of agricultural operations (EVAO) of $5,000. From 2015–16 (inclusive) figures are based on establishments with an EVAO of $40,000. c Volumes are presented in the year of actual export, which is typically one year after production. Includes grain equivalent of malt. d In principle, calculated as a residual: production plus imports less any observed or assumed change in stocks and less seed use. s ABARES estimate.Sources: ABARES, Australian crop report, Canberra; Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Agriculture, Australia, cat. no. 7113.0, Canberra; ABS, Agricultural commodities, Australia, cat. no. 7121.0, Canberra; ABS, International trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra; ABS, Principal agricultural commodities, Australia, preliminary, cat. no. 7111.0, Canberra; ABS, Summary of crops, Australia, cat. no. 7330.0, Canberra; UN Commodity Trade Statistics Database (UN Comtrade)

Barley

Oats

Sorghum b

Corn (maize) b

Triticale

Total

TABLE 4.9 Australian coarse grains supply and disposal, by grain a

42

Coarse grains


Barley a Oats b

Grain

sorghum c

Corn

(maize) c

Feed

wheat d Triticale c

A$/t A$/t A$/t A$/t A$/t A$/t

1989–90 152 116 153 176 169 1561990–91 124 108 137 168 132 1251991–92 147 141 173 189 160 1511992–93 131 105 149 182 144 1331993–94 127 105 169 230 138 1361994–95 227 238 216 276 233 2301995–96 227 172 224 244 236 2201996–97 181 143 175 208 188 1781997–98 179 171 182 216 186 1841998–99 134 110 142 173 155 1311999–2000 141 103 131 161 154 1392000–01 173 137 163 187 171 1762001–02 203 191 188 224 211 2122002–03 303 332 289 339 308 3052003–04 204 182 195 255 222 2112004–05 182 173 172 228 194 1902005–06 182 182 172 213 193 1892006–07 295 363 271 337 287 2942007–08 347 363 343 422 426 3772008–09 263 266 247 361 327 3112009–10 221 216 226 314 236 2282010–11 238 194 257 337 264 2342011–12 208 197 219 304 227 2162012–13 284 237 284 332 306 2972013–14 281 247 327 391 309 2942014–15 284 261 321 380 295 2892015–16 248 243 278 373 280 2672016–17 191 188 241 357 228 214

January 244 240 272 360 280 272February 239 223 258 350 275 269March 227 203 254 348 259 250April 225 198 232 351 260 246May 227 200 245 369 263 246June 228 283 253 377 270 253July 208 283 233 388 255 241August 188 244 220 365 234 225September 179 190 204 348 232 216October 187 190 221 348 247 216November 180 198 234 346 247 222December 181 190 250 342 221 214

January 175 158 250 355 214 201February 180 150 240 358 204 191March 189 150 247 365 210 197April 193 150 249 348 210 201May 209 168 267 352 221 211June 227 175 279 355 246 233a Average quote for bulk feed barley, delivered Sydney. b Average quote for bulk feed oats, delivered Sydney. c Average bulk quote, delivered Sydney. d General Purpose wheat, delivered Sydney.Source: The Land, Rural Press Ltd.

2016

2017

TABLE 4.10 Australian feed grains prices

43

Coarse grains


Stocks

United to use

Production Use World b States ratio Trade c Price d

million ha Mt Mt Mt Mt % Mt US$/t

1973–74 335 659 656 79.8 21.8 12.2 69.7 1141974–75 333 623 611 88.8 21.3 14.5 60.6 1321975–76 339 641 633 92.8 24.1 14.7 77.6 1161976–77 342 692 669 114 37.1 17.0 79.8 1081977–78 344 691 676 124 50.4 18.3 84.2 95.01978–79 341 744 723 143 58.0 19.8 88.5 1031979–80 341 736 731 153 64.1 21.0 96.5 1151980–81 341 723 726 143 44.3 19.6 109 1421981–82 349 759 738 168 78.0 22.8 98.0 1181982–83 339 775 749 202 109 27.0 84.2 1151983–84 334 678 743 133 39.9 17.9 91.3 1461984–85 335 806 767 172 58.0 22.4 100 1241985–86 341 834 763 242 127 31.7 81.9 1061986–87 338 824 785 278 153 35.4 84.6 77.01987–88 325 787 796 264 134 33.1 89.8 86.01988–89 325 723 780 204 66.2 26.1 100 1181989–90 323 794 815 183 45.7 22.5 104 1111990–91 315 829 814 197 47.8 24.2 89.7 1071991–92 321 812 813 196 34.0 24.2 94.0 1101992–93 324 869 834 221 63.1 26.5 94.1 97.91993–94 315 798 833 183 27.4 21.9 87.5 1151994–95 321 870 855 198 45.3 23.2 93.5 1051995–96 310 801 830 164 14.4 19.7 94.5 1601996–97 319 909 867 203 27.0 23.5 93.5 1321997–98 309 881 867 217 38.2 25.0 86.2 1121998–99 301 891 870 239 51.4 27.4 93.8 94.51999–2000 294 878 878 234 48.9 26.6 105 89.92000–01 294 863 883 212 52.7 24.0 104 86.62001–02 297 896 905 199 45.0 22.0 102 90.12002–03 291 875 902 172 30.9 19.1 102 1072003–04 303 918 945 143 28.8 15.1 103 1152004–05 299 1,016 979 179 58.8 18.3 101 97.52005–06 300 980 994 165 54.8 16.6 107 1042006–07 307 988 1,009 139 36.2 13.8 118 1512007–08 318 1,083 1,057 161 45.1 15.2 127 2012008–09 316 1,112 1,077 190 47.1 17.7 112 1902009–10 308 1,115 1,109 193 48.1 17.4 123 1602010–11 307 1,099 1,131 160 32.3 14.2 117 2542011–12 317 1,157 1,138 162 27.8 14.2 147 2812012–13 317 1,135 1,138 165 23.5 14.5 123 3122013–14 322 1,283 1,229 212 34.3 17.2 165 2192014–15 326 1,312 1,260 247 46.9 19.6 186 1742015–16 323 1,260 1,273 252 48.1 19.8 163 1682016–17 324 1,366 1,330 262 63.6 19.7 203 157

Closing stocks

a Includes corn, barley, grain sorghum, oats, rye, millet and mixed grain. b Aggregation of local marketing years, not necessarily one fixed point in time. c Aggregation of local marketing years. Excludes intra-EU trade. d US no. 2 corn, fob Gulf, July–June average.Sources: ABARES; US Department of Agriculture, Production, Supply and Distribution Database, Washington DC

Harvested

area

TABLE 4.11 Summary of world statistics for coarse grains

44

Coarse grains


2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17 s

Mt Mt Mt Mt Mt Mt Mt

Egypt 7.3 6.5 6.7 6.7 6.9 6.9 6.9Ethiopia 11.2 12.3 12.3 13.1 14.4 13.0 12.7Nigeria 20.0 15.8 15.8 14.6 18.9 16.7 19.3South Africa 11.3 13.3 12.9 15.5 11.1 8.7 18.0

Argentina 33.3 30.1 37.2 35.7 36.8 37.9 48.6Brazil 60.4 75.9 84.3 82.6 87.7 69.1 101Canada 22.7 22.9 24.4 28.7 22.0 25.6 25.8Mexico 29.2 25.7 28.9 32.1 32.7 32.4 33.3United States 330 322 285 367 377 367 403

China 183 198 212 225 222 231 227India 43.1 42.1 39.9 43.2 43.1 38.7 44.4Indonesia 6.8 8.9 8.5 9.1 9.0 10.5 10.9Turkey 10.2 11.3 10.6 13.1 9.4 14.2 10.9

European Union b 143 150 146 159 171 153 152Russian Federation 16.4 33.1 28.7 35.7 40.4 37.4 40.8Ukraine 21.5 33.5 29.5 40.0 39.4 33.4 39.3

Australia 11.8 12.5 11.5 12.2 12.7 12.6 17.1Other 138 143 141 150 158 151 156

World c 1,099 1,157 1,135 1,283 1,312 1,260 1,366a Includes corn, barley, grain sorghum,oats, rye, millet and mixed grain. b Regarded as 28 countries. c Simple aggregation across each country’s crop year. s ABARES estimate.Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics, Agricultural Commodities, Australia, cat. no. 7121.0, Canberra; US Department of Agriculture, Production, Supply and Distribution Database, Washington DC

Africa

Americas

Asia

Europe

Oceania

TABLE 4.12 World coarse grains production, by region and country

45

Coarse grains


Corn Barley Grain sorghum Oats Total a

Mt Mt Mt Mt Mt

1973–74 331 146 65.9 49.7 6591974–75 300 150 60.3 46.7 6231975–76 339 136 63.8 44.6 6411976–77 356 166 62.2 45.8 6921977–78 365 157 64.4 48.4 6911978–79 392 176 63.6 48.5 7441979–80 426 154 61.6 42.5 7361980–81 409 157 59.4 41.5 7231981–82 442 149 70.5 40.2 7591982–83 440 161 65.2 46.2 7751983–84 348 159 58.6 43.5 6781984–85 458 170 65.9 45.8 8061985–86 479 174 70.2 47.0 8341986–87 475 178 64.5 44.6 8241987–88 451 175 56.6 40.6 7871988–89 400 164 54.6 35.4 7231989–90 462 166 55.4 39.3 7941990–91 482 179 53.7 39.3 8291991–92 493 170 53.7 33.0 8121992–93 536 166 65.6 33.9 8691993–94 476 169 55.5 35.4 7981994–95 559 161 57.6 32.9 8701995–96 517 141 55.3 28.6 8011996–97 593 153 69.6 30.7 9091997–98 574 154 57.6 31.0 8811998–99 606 136 60.4 25.7 8911999–2000 608 127 59.1 24.1 8782000–01 592 133 55.3 25.8 8632001–02 602 143 59.5 27.0 8962002–03 604 134 54.1 25.3 8752003–04 628 143 60.3 26.1 9182004–05 717 152 58.3 25.3 1,0162005–06 700 136 59.2 23.4 9802006–07 716 137 56.4 22.5 9882007–08 796 133 66.7 25.1 1,0832008–09 800 155 63.5 25.3 1,1122009–10 825 151 56.0 23.0 1,1152010–11 836 123 61.5 19.3 1,0992011–12 891 133 56.2 21.9 1,1572012–13 874 129 55.6 20.8 1,1352013–14 996 144 62.5 23.2 1,2832014–15 1,023 142 66.2 22.2 1,3122015–16 972 150 61.4 22.4 1,2602016–17 1,075 148 63.0 23.6 1,366a Includes rye, millet and mixed grain. Source: US Department of Agriculture, Production, Supply and Distribution Database, Washington DC

TABLE 4.13 World coarse grains production, by grain

46

Coarse grains


2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17


Algeria 2.9 3.6 3.1 4.3 5.3 5.0 4.8Egypt 5.9 7.2 5.1 8.8 7.9 8.9 9.1Morocco 2.2 2.3 2.0 2.4 2.6 2.9 2.6

Canada 3.5 4.0 3.7 5.5 6.1 6.6 8.5Colombia 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.8 4.7 4.8 5.0Mexico 10.7 12.7 7.6 11.3 11.6 15.0 15.2United States 2.5 2.9 6.6 3.2 3.4 3.9 3.4

China 2.7 7.9 5.6 12.4 25.7 17.5 16.1Japan 18.6 17.7 17.7 17.5 16.7 17.1 16.9Korea, Rep. of 8.2 7.7 8.3 10.5 10.2 10.2 9.4Malaysia 2.8 3.4 3.0 3.5 3.2 4.1 3.5Taiwan 4.3 4.5 4.4 4.3 3.9 4.8 4.7

European Union b 8.5 7.0 11.8 16.3 9.2 14.2 15.4

Iran 3.9 5.2 5.3 6.4 8.3 8.3 10.0Israel 3.5 4.0 3.7 5.5 6.1 6.6 8.5Saudi Arabia 7.4 10.5 10.7 11.7 11.3 14.8 14.0Syria 2.0 1.7 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.4

World c 117 129 129 157 170 181 177

South Africa 2.5 1.8 2.1 2.0 0.7 0.8 2.5

China 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1India 3.6 4.7 5.2 4.4 1.7 0.7 0.5

Argentina 19.7 23.9 24.1 21.3 21.4 25.2 28.6Brazil 8.4 24.3 25.0 21.0 34.5 14.0 36.0Canada 4.5 3.7 5.0 5.3 3.7 4.6 4.8United States 50.6 40.9 20.7 54.5 56.7 57.2 64.5

European Union b 6.2 6.5 7.4 8.6 14.0 13.1 7.9Russian Federation 0.3 5.8 4.3 7.0 8.7 9.0 8.5Ukraine 7.9 17.8 15.0 22.8 24.3 21.2 27.1

Australia 5.8 7.4 6.8 8.5 6.6 8.3 10.8World c 117 147 123 165 186 163 203

Africa

Americas

Asia

Europe

Europe

Oceania

Imports

Exports

a Includes corn, barley, grain sorghum, oats, rye, millet and mixed grain. Local marketing years. b Regarded as 28 countries. c Excludes intra-EU trade. Aggregation of local marketing years.Sources: Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra; UN Commodity Trade Statistics Database (UN Comtrade); US Department of Agriculture, Production, Supply and Distribution Database, Washington DC

Middle East

Africa

Asia

Americas

TABLE 4.14 Volume of world coarse grains trade, by region and country

47

Coarse grains


2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17


Algeria 2.8 3.0 2.9 3.7 4.4 4.1 4.1China 1.0 5.2 2.7 3.3 5.5 3.2 3.0European Union b 7.4 6.1 11.4 16.0 8.9 13.8 14.8Iran 3.5 4.0 3.7 5.5 6.1 6.6 8.5Japan 15.6 14.9 14.4 15.1 14.7 15.2 15.0Korea, Rep. of 8.1 7.6 8.2 10.4 10.2 10.1 9.3Malaysia 2.8 3.4 3.0 3.5 3.2 4.1 3.5Mexico 8.3 11.1 5.7 10.9 11.3 14.0 14.5Taiwan 4.1 4.4 4.2 4.2 3.8 4.7 4.6World c 93.4 101 99.6 125 125 139 137

Argentina 16.3 17.1 18.7 17.1 19.0 21.6 25.5Brazil 8.4 24.3 24.9 21.0 34.5 14.0 36.0China 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1European Union b 1.1 3.3 2.2 2.4 4.0 1.9 2.0India 3.5 4.6 4.7 3.9 1.2 0.5 0.5Ukraine 5.0 15.2 12.7 20.0 19.7 16.6 21.5United States 46.5 39.1 18.5 48.8 47.4 48.3 58.2World c 91.6 117 95.4 131 142 120 164a Local marketing years. b Regarded as 28 countries. c Excludes intra-EU trade. Aggregation of local marketing years.Source: US Department of Agriculture, Production, Supply and Distribution Database, Washington DC

Imports

Exports

TABLE 4.15 Volume of world corn trade, by region and country

48

Coarse grains


2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17


China 1.7 2.5 2.2 4.9 9.9 5.9 7.6Iran 0.4 1.2 1.6 0.9 2.2 1.7 1.5Japan 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.2Saudi Arabia 5.5 8.7 8.5 9.0 8.2 11.2 10.5Tunisia 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6World b 14.1 20.7 20.1 23.1 29.8 28.7 29.7

Argentina 1.6 3.6 3.6 2.9 1.6 3.1 2.7Australia 5.4 6.1 5.3 7.0 5.9 6.3 9.5Canada 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.2 1.5European Union c 4.9 3.0 5.0 5.7 9.5 10.8 5.7Russian Federation 0.3 3.5 2.2 2.7 5.3 4.2 2.9Ukraine 2.8 2.5 2.1 2.5 4.5 4.4 5.4World b 15.9 20.4 19.6 22.9 29.0 30.8 28.7a Local marketing years. b Excludes intra-EU trade. Aggregation of local marketing years. c Regarded as 28 countries. Sources: Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra; US Department of Agriculture, Production, Supply and Distribution Database, Washington DC

Imports

Exports

TABLE 4.16 Volume of world barley trade, by region and country

2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17


Chile 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1European Union b 0.9 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2Japan 1.4 1.5 1.9 1.0 0.9 0.6 0.6Mexico 2.4 1.4 1.8 0.2 0.0 0.7 0.6World c 6.7 5.0 6.8 6.6 12.3 10.9 7.5

Argentina 1.7 3.1 1.8 1.3 0.9 0.5 0.4Australia 0.6 1.1 1.3 0.7 1.2 1.1 0.7United States 3.9 1.6 1.9 5.4 8.9 8.6 6.1World c 6.8 6.5 5.6 7.7 12.2 10.5 7.6a Local marketing years. b Regarded as 28 countries. c Excludes intra-EU trade. Aggregation of local marketing years. Sources: Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra; US Department of Agriculture, Production, Supply and Distribution Database, Washington DC

Imports

Exports

TABLE 4.17 Volume of world sorghum trade, by country

49

Coarse grains


Unit 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17

Area million ha 36.5 36.9 39.2 39.8 37.8 37.8 39.2Yield t/ha 9.0 8.7 7.3 9.2 10.0 9.7 10.3Production Mt 330 322 285 367 377 367 403Opening stocks Mt 48.1 32.3 27.8 23.5 34.3 46.9 48.1Imports Mt 2.5 2.9 6.6 3.2 3.4 3.9 3.4Availability Mt 380 358 320 394 415 418 454Domestic use Mt 297 289 276 305 311 313 326

feed Mt 127 119 115 133 139 136 144food, seed and industrial Mt 170 170 160 172 173 177 182

Exports Mt 50.6 40.9 20.7 54.5 56.7 57.2 64.5Closing stocks Mt 32.3 27.8 23.5 34.3 46.9 48.1 63.6a Includes barley, corn, millet, mixed grain, oat, rye and grain sorghum. Simple aggregation of crop years for each crop.Source: US Department of Agriculture, Production, Supply and Distribution Database, Washington DC

TABLE 4.18 US coarse grains supply and disposal a

Unit 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17

planted million ha 35.7 37.2 39.4 38.6 36.7 35.6 38.0harvested million ha 33.0 33.9 35.4 35.4 33.6 32.7 35.1

Yield t/ha 9.6 9.2 7.7 9.9 10.7 10.6 11.0Production Mt 316 313 273 351 361 346 385Opening stocks Mt 43.4 28.6 25.1 20.9 31.3 44.0 44.1Imports Mt 0.7 0.7 4.1 0.9 0.8 1.7 1.4Availability Mt 360 342 302 373 393 391 430Domestic use Mt 285 278 263 293 302 299 312

feed Mt 121 115 109 127 134 130 138alcohol for fuel Mt 127 127 118 130 132 132 138other Mt 35.9 36.3 35.6 35.7 35.5 36.7 36.5

Exports Mt 46.5 39.1 18.5 48.8 47.4 48.3 58.2Closing stocks Mt 28.6 25.1 20.9 31.3 44.0 44.1 59.7Farm price US$/t 204 245 271 176 146 142 132Loan rate US$/t 76.8 76.8 76.8 76.8 76.8 76.8 76.8Export price b US$/t 254 281 312 219 174 168 157a September–August years. b US no. 2, fob Gulf, July–June average.Sources: US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Daily National Grain Market Summary, Missouri; USDA, Feed Grains: Yearbook Tables, Washington DC; USDA, Production, Supply and Distribution Database, Washington DC

Area

TABLE 4.19 US corn supply and disposal a

50

Coarse grains


Unit 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17

Area harvested million ha 1.9 1.6 2.0 2.7 2.6 3.2 2.5Yield t/ha 4.5 3.4 3.1 3.7 4.2 4.8 4.9Production Mt 8.8 5.4 6.3 10.0 11.0 15.2 12.2Opening stocks Mt 1.0 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.9 0.5 0.9Availability Mt 9.8 6.1 7.1 10.4 11.9 15.7 13.2Domestic use Mt 5.3 3.9 4.8 4.1 2.5 6.2 6.2Exports Mt 3.9 1.6 1.9 5.4 8.9 8.6 6.1Closing stocks Mt 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.9 0.5 0.9 0.7Farm price US$/t 198 236 249 168 159 130 110Loan rate US$/t 76.8 76.8 76.8 76.8 76.8 76.8 76.8Export price b US$/t 241 273 287 215 201 178 167a September–August years. b US no. 2 sorghum, fob Gulf, July–June average.Sources: US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Feed Grains: Yearbook Tables, Washington DC; USDA, Production,Supply and Distribution Database, Washington DC

Sorghum

TABLE 4.20 US grain sorghum supply and disposal a

51

Coarse grains


US no. 2 US no. 2 France France

corn sorghum feed barley malting barley

(Gulf) (Gulf) (Rouen) (Rouen)

US$/t US$/t US$/t US$/t1990–91 107 103 na na1991–92 110 108 na na1992–93 97.9 93.6 na na1993–94 115 108 na na1994–95 105 97.7 na na1995–96 160 152 na na1996–97 132 120 na na1997–98 112 106 na na1998–99 94.5 89.7 na na1999–2000 89.9 84.3 na na2000–01 86.6 89.9 110 na2001–02 90.1 93.4 101 1322002–03 107 110 106 1602003–04 115 127 153 1672004–05 97.5 95.0 129 1592005–06 104 109 133 1602006–07 151 157 184 2762007–08 201 207 318 4442008–09 190 170 179 2272009–10 160 165 146 1672010–11 254 241 265 3242011–12 281 273 270 3482012–13 312 287 296 3032013–14 219 215 242 2732014–15 174 201 204 2402015–16 168 178 173 2122016–17 157 167 158 217a July–June years. All prices quoted fob.Sources: US Department of Agriculture, Daily National Grains Market Summary, Missouri to 2013-14; International Grains Council, Market Report, London from 2014-15; USDA, Feed Grains: Yearbook Tables, Washington DC.

TABLE 4.21 Feedgrains export price quotation, by category a

52

Coarse grains


Area Domestic Closing

harvested Yield Production use Exports stocks

million ha t/ha Mt Mt Mt Mt

2009–10 36.3 9.6 348 295 54.6 48.12010–11 36.5 9.0 330 297 50.6 32.32011–12 36.9 8.7 322 289 40.9 27.82012–13 39.2 7.3 285 276 20.7 23.52013–14 39.8 9.2 367 305 54.5 34.32014–15 37.8 10.0 377 311 56.7 46.92015–16 37.8 9.7 367 313 57.2 48.12016–17 s 39.2 10.3 403 326 64.5 63.6

2009–10 5.3 4.3 22.8 22.7 3.1 5.52010–11 4.7 4.8 22.7 21.2 4.5 3.52011–12 4.9 4.6 22.9 20.3 3.7 3.42012–13 5.4 4.6 24.4 20.3 5.0 3.02013–14 5.4 5.3 28.7 22.3 5.3 4.62014–15 4.4 5.0 22.0 21.3 3.7 3.32015–16 4.9 5.3 25.6 21.2 4.6 4.72016–17 s 4.7 5.5 25.8 21.5 4.8 5.4

2009–10 4.4 6.8 30.2 10.1 18.8 3.02010–11 5.8 5.7 33.3 11.0 19.7 5.62011–12 6.0 5.0 30.1 10.5 23.9 1.32012–13 6.8 5.4 37.2 12.1 24.1 2.52013–14 5.9 6.0 35.7 13.7 21.3 3.22014–15 5.5 6.7 36.8 14.2 21.4 4.32015–16 5.8 6.6 37.9 14.2 25.2 2.82016–17 s 6.8 7.1 48.6 16.0 28.6 4.7

2009–10 6.2 1.8 11.4 6.8 5.9 na2010–11 5.4 2.2 11.8 5.5 5.8 na2011–12 5.3 2.3 12.5 4.7 7.4 na2012–13 5.2 2.2 11.5 4.6 6.8 na2013–14 5.2 2.4 12.2 4.8 8.5 na2014–15 5.8 2.2 12.7 5.0 6.6 na2015–16 5.6 2.3 12.6 4.8 8.3 na2016–17 s na na na na 10.8 na

Continued …

United States

Canada

Argentina

Australia b

TABLE 4.22 Coarse grains supply and disposal in major exporting countries

53

Coarse grains



harvested Yield Production use Exports stocks


2009–10 14.2 2.2 31.8 30.4 3.1 3.22010–11 9.8 1.7 16.4 18.1 0.3 1.92011–12 14.4 2.3 33.1 27.7 5.8 1.82012–13 14.2 2.0 28.7 25.1 4.3 1.42013–14 15.5 2.3 35.7 28.2 7.0 2.22014–15 16.7 2.4 40.4 31.1 8.7 2.82015–16 15.2 2.5 37.4 29.7 9.0 1.72016–17 s 15.1 2.7 40.8 32.4 8.5 1.8

2009–10 8.1 3.0 24.2 13.3 11.4 2.12010–11 7.7 2.8 21.5 14.1 7.9 1.72011–12 8.0 4.2 33.5 15.0 17.8 2.62012–13 8.6 3.5 29.5 13.9 15.0 3.32013–14 8.8 4.6 40.0 17.0 22.8 3.62014–15 8.4 4.7 39.4 15.4 24.3 3.32015–16 7.6 4.4 33.4 12.4 21.2 3.22016–17 s 7.8 5.0 39.3 12.4 27.1 3.0

2009–10 13.8 4.2 58.2 51.0 11.6 6.82010–11 14.9 4.1 60.4 53.0 8.4 6.82011–12 16.2 4.7 75.9 54.7 24.3 4.82012–13 16.9 5.0 84.3 55.8 25.0 9.62013–14 16.8 4.9 82.6 58.1 21.0 14.32014–15 16.8 5.2 87.7 60.0 34.5 8.22015–16 17.0 4.1 69.1 60.2 14.0 7.12016–17 s 18.6 5.5 101 63.9 36.0 9.7

2009–10 33.0 4.8 158 153 3.0 26.32010–11 30.2 4.7 143 155 6.2 16.92011–12 30.2 5.0 150 152 6.5 15.72012–13 31.4 4.6 146 153 7.4 13.12013–14 31.5 5.1 159 164 8.6 15.62014–15 30.8 5.5 171 163 14.0 18.92015–16 30.2 5.1 153 157 13.1 15.42016–17 s 29.4 5.2 152 160 7.9 13.8a Includes barley, corn, grain sorghum, oats, rye, millet and mixed grain. b For Australia, includes barley, grain sorghum, corn (maize), oats and triticale. Area is planted area. c Regarded as 28 countries. Excludes intra-EU trade. s ABARES estimate.Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Agricultural Commodities, Australia, cat no. 7121.0, Canberra; ABS, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra; US Department of Agriculture, Production, Supply and Distribution Database, Washington DC

Russian Federation

Ukraine

Brazil

European Union c

TABLE 4.22 Coarse grains supply and disposal in major exporting countries continued

54

Cotton


New New

South Wales Queensland Australia c South Wales Queensland Australia b

’000 ha ’000 ha ’000 ha t/ha t/ha t/ha1973–74 31.0 7.1 41.7 0.645 1.408 0.7191974–75 27.5 7.4 38.5 0.800 1.486 0.8561975–76 23.9 6.0 29.8 0.711 1.333 0.8381976–77 24.8 8.9 35.3 0.766 1.011 0.7941977–78 31.6 9.6 41.6 0.918 1.563 1.0581978–79 36.1 13.4 49.8 0.997 1.269 1.0631979–80 51.4 20.0 75.0 1.089 1.350 1.1061980–81 61.6 22.0 83.6 1.071 1.500 1.1841981–82 74.5 29.0 104 1.456 0.900 1.3001982–83 71.9 24.6 96.5 1.043 1.049 1.0451983–84 105 32.9 137 1.027 1.033 1.0281984–85 131 51.9 183 1.538 0.904 1.3581985–86 136 41.2 177 1.593 1.238 1.5101986–87 125 31.0 156 1.451 1.297 1.4201987–88 164 80.9 245 1.204 0.890 1.1001988–89 141 53.3 194 1.577 1.332 1.5101989–90 175 64.8 240 1.346 1.077 1.2731990–91 202 77.0 279 1.678 1.403 1.6021991–92 225 87.0 312 1.812 1.688 1.7771992–93 204 82.0 286 1.478 1.314 1.4311993–94 210 84.0 294 1.301 1.123 1.2501994–95 157 89.0 246 1.594 1.402 1.5241995–96 186 118 304 1.460 1.270 1.3861996–97 277 119 396 1.599 1.403 1.5401997–98 299 139 438 1.588 1.371 1.5191998–99 382 180 562 1.243 1.341 1.2741999–2000 313 151 464 1.574 1.638 1.5952000–01 328 199 527 1.627 1.432 1.5532001–02 290 119 409 1.771 1.594 1.7192002–03 165 59.3 224 1.830 1.430 1.7242003–04 97.2 101 198 1.849 1.680 1.7632004–05 163 158 321 2.136 1.881 2.0112005–06 214 121 336 1.883 1.597 1.7792006–07 109 34.9 144 2.223 1.710 2.0992007–08 41.2 21.4 62.7 2.252 1.864 2.1202008–09 88.0 76.0 164 2.024 1.987 2.0072009–10 124 84.5 208 2.067 1.549 1.8572010–11 348 242 590 1.689 1.396 1.5692011–12 358 241 600 2.103 1.950 2.0412012–13 284 159 443 2.363 2.176 2.2962013–14 256 136 392 2.295 2.188 2.2582014–15 124 73.0 197 2.693 2.655 2.6792015–16 163 107 270 2.423 2.188 2.3302016–17 370 187 557 1.659 1.695 1.671a August–July crop years. b Area is in broadacre basin. c Includes data for Western Australia.Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Agriculture, Australia, cat. no. 7113.0, Canberra; ABS, Crops and Pastures, Australia, cat. no. 7321.0, Canberra; ABS, Summary of Crops, Australia, cat. no. 7330.0, Canberra; Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Canberra; Cotton Australia, Australian cotton industry statistics - Cotton Annual , Sydney

Area harvested b Lint yield

TABLE 5.1 Australian cotton area harvested and lint yield a

55

Cotton


New New

South Wales Queensland Australia b South Wales Queensland Australia b

kt kt kt kt kt kt1973–74 35.7 10.8 49.8 20.0 10.0 30.01974–75 44.1 9.7 53.8 22.0 11.0 33.01975–76 33.2 7.4 40.6 17.0 8.0 25.01976–77 34.9 11.7 46.6 19.0 9.0 28.01977–78 56.9 15.2 72.1 29.0 15.0 44.01978–79 56.8 21.7 78.5 36.0 17.0 53.01979–80 104 31.5 136 56.0 27.0 83.01980–81 126 35.6 161 66.0 33.0 99.01981–82 177 42.6 219 108 26.1 1351982–83 112 42.1 154 75.0 25.8 1011983–84 135 55.2 190 107 34.0 1411984–85 308 102 410 202 46.9 2491985–86 308 74.0 382 216 51.0 2671986–87 282 48.4 330 181 40.2 2221987–88 334 101 435 197 72.0 2691988–89 345 74.3 419 222 71.0 2931989–90 380 113 493 236 69.8 3051990–91 526 160 686 339 108 4471991–92 563 186 749 408 147 5541992–93 365 162 528 302 108 4091993–94 334 131 466 273 94.3 3681994–95 287 187 474 250 125 3751995–96 382 212 595 271 150 4211996–97 627 233 860 443 167 6101997–98 672 269 941 475 190 6661998–99 677 347 1,024 474 241 7161999–2000 696 350 1,046 493 248 7412000–01 741 399 1,140 533 285 8192001–02 777 276 1,054 513 190 7032002–03 425 120 546 302 84.7 3872003–04 254 240 494 180 169 3492004–05 492 420 912 348 297 6452005–06 571 274 844 404 194 5972006–07 311 76.7 388 242 59.6 3012007–08 131 56.5 188 92.8 40.0 1332008–09 252 214 466 178 151 3292009–10 362 185 547 256 131 3872010–11 805 464 1,269 587 339 9262011–12 1,065 665 1,732 753 470 1,2252012–13 949 490 1,439 671 346 1,0172013–14 831 421 1,252 588 298 8852014–15 472 274 746 334 194 5282015–16 559 331 890 395 234 6292016–17 868 448 1,317 614 317 931a August–July crop year. b Includes data for Western Australia.Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Agriculture, Australia, cat. no. 7113.0, Canberra; ABS, Crops and Pastures, Australia, cat. no. 7321.0, Canberra; ABS, Summary of Crops, Australia, cat. no. 7330.0, Canberra; Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Canberra; Cotton Australia, Australian cotton industry statistics - Cotton Annual , Sydney

Cottonseed production Lint production

TABLE 5.2 Australian cottonseed and lint production a

56

Cotton


Domestic Gross

lint value of

production a production b Volume Value Volume Value

kt $m kt $m kt $m1973–74 30.0 26.6 8.4 9.3 3.2 1.81974–75 33.0 29.3 4.0 4.8 7.7 5.41975–76 25.0 37.5 4.1 4.4 16.0 11.51976–77 28.0 39.8 5.0 7.4 5.5 7.11977–78 44.0 61.2 4.0 5.6 9.8 10.91978–79 53.0 71.4 1.7 3.1 23.6 28.51979–80 83.0 135 2.0 4.0 48.5 66.91980–81 99.0 147 2.2 4.3 59.0 92.01981–82 135 182 1.0 1.9 79.0 1171982–83 101 168 0.7 1.3 129 1981983–84 141 269 1.1 2.4 82.0 1481984–85 249 330 2.7 6.0 140 2621985–86 267 325 0.5 1.4 241 3801986–87 222 373 0.3 0.6 251 3451987–88 269 425 0.3 0.9 176 3531988–89 293 566 1.1 2.9 288 4641989–90 305 640 0.1 0.3 306 5801990–91 447 898 0.7 2.2 340 7381991–92 554 879 0.7 1.8 458 9451992–93 409 706 0.3 1.3 396 7551993–94 368 652 0.3 1.4 361 7321994–95 375 851 0.2 1.2 297 6791995–96 421 1,003 0.7 2.0 311 7621996–97 610 1,342 0.2 0.6 505 1,0771997–98 666 1,449 0.2 1.0 593 1,3861998–99 716 1,395 0.2 1.0 647 1,5591999–2000 741 1,568 0.4 1.4 703 1,4072000–01 819 1,882 0.4 1.6 834 1,9582001–02 703 1,499 0.4 1.0 719 1,5472002–03 387 844 0.3 1.0 596 1,1532003–04 349 689 0.1 0.5 459 9822004–05 645 1,222 0.3 0.7 410 7712005–06 597 995 0.0 0.0 650 1,1372006–07 301 542 0.0 0.1 487 8232007–08 133 254 0.0 0.0 266 4662008–09 329 693 0.3 0.3 260 5002009–10 387 828 0.1 0.2 395 7552010–11 926 2,072 0.4 1.1 505 1,3672011–12 1,225 2,949 0.1 0.2 994 2,7362012–13 1,017 2,154 0.2 0.3 1,305 2,6952013–14 885 2,004 0.3 0.5 1,036 2,3552014–15 528 1,184 0.2 0.3 681 1,5462015–16 629 1,530 0.2 0.4 536 1,2692016–17 931 2,502 0.1 0.3 763 1,787

Imports Exports

a August–July crop year. b Includes cottonseed.Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra; ABS, Value of Agricultural Commodities Produced, Australia, cat. no. 7503.0, Canberra; Cotton Australia, Australian cotton industry statistics - Cotton Annual , Sydney; Raw Cotton Marketing Advisory Committee, Annual Report, Canberra

TABLE 5.3 Australian production, trade and use of raw cotton

57

Cotton


2009–10 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17

kt kt kt kt kt kt kt ktAsia 394 498 986 1,300 1,036 677 525 732

Bangladesh 15.5 31.2 40.5 44.2 42.0 38.2 29.0 106China 140 219 686 883 664 370 268 198India 3.5 2.6 2.7 17.9 10.0 23.5 25.7 173Indonesia 82.7 87.6 95.7 110 75.1 60.2 56.6 76.3Japan 17.8 18.1 18.6 14.4 15.4 12.7 12.4 14.0Korea, Rep. of 33.7 19.0 38.1 56.2 60.2 35.4 10.5 9.2Malaysia 4.0 7.6 7.9 11.6 17.8 17.1 9.9 9.2Pakistan 4.3 14.2 1.8 30.6 18.5 4.9 6.4 7.1Philippines 0.0 1.1 1.4 2.7 2.0 2.1 0.2 0.0Taiwan 5.3 6.5 6.6 2.3 4.9 1.8 1.3 3.9Thailand 75.1 75.3 70.0 89.6 72.9 44.8 34.1 42.7Vietnam 5.9 9.2 12.9 27.0 50.4 66.3 70.2 93.0Other 6.8 6.8 4.6 11.3 2.3 0.0 0.1 0.0

Europe 0.3 0.8 1.0 4.1 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.7Germany 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Italy 0.3 0.8 0.7 2.3 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.7Other 0 0.0 0.2 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Other countries 0.6 5.5 6.7 0.9 0.2 3.3 10.8 30.2World 395 505 994 1,305 1,036 681 536 763Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra

TABLE 5.4 Volume of Australian exports of raw cotton, by destination

58

Cotton


Australian Australian Average unit

Cotlook base price gin-gate export return

‘A’ index a for raw cotton b return c for raw cotton

USc/lb Ac/kg A$/bale Ac/kg1973–74 76.5 120 201 56.31974–75 52.5 90.0 201 70.11975–76 65.3 117 340 71.91976–77 81.9 166 322 1291977–78 65.1 135 315 1111978–79 76.1 156 305 1211979–80 85.4 179 370 1381980–81 94.2 188 337 1561981–82 73.8 157 307 1481982–83 76.7 191 377 1531983–84 87.7 225 431 1801984–85 69.2 210 301 1871985–86 49.0 169 276 1581986–87 62.1 222 381 1371987–88 72.3 233 358 2011988–89 66.4 192 438 1611989–90 82.4 250 475 1891990–91 82.9 246 456 2171991–92 63.1 194 360 2061992–93 57.7 196 391 1911993–94 70.6 240 402 2031994–95 91.1 285 515 2291995–96 85.5 263 540 2451996–97 78.6 235 499 2131997–98 72.2 249 494 2341998–99 60.2 227 442 2411999–2000 52.5 199 480 2002000–01 57.2 251 521 2352001–02 41.8 194 484 2152002–03 55.4 225 495 1932003–04 68.3 226 448 2142004–05 52.4 167 430 1882005–06 56.0 178 378 1752006–07 58.1 177 408 1692007–08 72.9 191 433 1752008–09 61.2 193 478 1932009–10 77.5 205 486 1912010–11 164 377 508 2712011–12 100 225 546 2752012–13 87.9 199 480 2072013–14 90.6 229 514 2272014–15 70.8 199 509 2272015–16 70.4 226 552 2372016–17 82.8 243 609 234a Cotlook ‘A’ index quotes (cif Northern Europe) for strict middling (SM) 1 1/16" cotton from 1972–73 to July 1981, and for SM 1 3/32" cotton from August 1981. August–July crop year. b Equivalent to ‘in store’ prices – that is, Cotlook prices in USc/lb to which freight differentials have been added, then converted to Australian currency, with ‘into store’ charges added finally. Prices approximate import parity prices. c Value of lint and cottonseed less ginning costs.Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra; Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Canberra; Cotton Outlook, Merseyside,United Kingdom

TABLE 5.5 Cotton prices and unit values

59

Cotton


Opening Total

stocks Production Imports b Consumption supply Price c

kt kt kt kt kt USc/lb1973–74 5,331 13,604 5,823 24,758 13,122 76.51974–75 5,913 13,896 5,187 24,996 12,419 52.51975–76 7,262 11,753 5,723 24,738 13,412 65.31976–77 5,639 12,308 5,428 23,375 13,115 81.91977–78 4,873 13,915 5,905 24,692 13,286 65.11978–79 5,582 12,955 5,907 24,443 13,767 76.11979–80 4,759 14,250 6,642 25,650 14,349 85.41980–81 4,623 13,800 5,934 24,357 14,158 94.21981–82 4,487 14,989 5,596 25,072 13,785 73.81982–83 5,625 14,443 5,677 25,745 14,581 76.71983–84 5,542 14,431 5,892 25,865 14,955 87.71984–85 5,287 19,315 6,016 30,618 15,420 69.21985–86 9,172 17,450 6,310 32,933 16,403 49.01986–87 10,361 15,320 7,206 32,887 17,876 62.11987–88 7,711 17,734 6,647 32,093 18,322 72.31988–89 7,100 18,338 7,312 32,750 18,560 66.41989–90 6,760 17,359 7,121 31,240 18,923 82.41990–91 5,437 18,980 6,658 31,075 18,622 82.91991–92 5,976 20,736 6,319 33,031 18,767 63.11992–93 8,046 17,922 5,891 31,858 18,799 57.71993–94 7,508 16,914 6,086 30,508 18,630 70.61994–95 6,053 18,791 6,595 31,439 18,426 91.11995–96 6,965 20,447 5,878 33,290 18,713 85.51996–97 8,732 19,608 6,222 34,562 19,147 78.61997–98 9,718 20,112 5,646 35,476 19,002 72.21998–99 10,770 18,742 5,330 34,842 18,457 60.21999–2000 11,507 19,145 6,092 36,743 19,833 52.52000–01 11,134 19,403 5,695 36,232 20,071 57.22001–02 10,783 21,449 6,332 38,564 20,559 41.82002–03 11,884 19,820 6,619 38,323 21,431 55.42003–04 10,390 21,054 7,218 38,663 21,348 68.32004–05 10,498 26,459 7,609 44,566 23,777 52.42005–06 13,160 25,331 9,781 48,271 25,466 56.02006–07 13,545 26,785 8,146 48,477 27,053 58.12007–08 13,729 26,255 8,473 48,457 26,949 72.92008–09 13,565 23,581 6,577 43,723 24,029 61.22009–10 13,520 22,511 7,790 43,821 26,026 77.52010–11 10,281 25,613 7,600 43,493 25,135 1642011–12 10,979 27,795 10,019 48,793 22,696 1002012–13 16,008 26,979 10,116 53,102 23,608 87.92013–14 19,557 26,209 8,938 54,704 23,896 90.62014–15 22,480 25,952 7,653 56,085 24,257 70.82015–16 24,330 20,941 7,648 52,920 24,224 70.42016–17 21,050 23,214 8,166 52,430 24,756 82.8a August–July crop year. b Includes trade among the 12 republics of the former Soviet Union and Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. c Cotlook ‘A’ index quotes (cif Northern Europe) for strict middling (SM) 1 1/16" cotton from 1972–73 to July 1981, and for SM 1 3/32" cotton from August 1981.Sources: ABARES; US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Cotton: World Markets and Trade, Foreign Agriculture Service Circular, Washington DC; USDA, Production, Supply and Distribution Database, Washington DC; Cotton Outlook, Merseyside, United Kingdom

TABLE 5.6 Summary of world statistics for raw cotton a

60

Cotton


Area United

harvested Lint yield India China States Pakistan Brazil World

’000 ha kg/ha kt kt kt kt kt kt1973–74 32,845 414 1,080 2,548 2,825 633 535 13,6041974–75 33,507 415 1,199 2,460 2,513 610 533 13,8961975–76 29,870 393 1,131 2,373 1,808 494 400 11,7531976–77 30,533 403 1,012 2,069 2,304 418 590 12,3081977–78 33,576 414 1,229 2,047 3,133 553 489 13,9151978–79 32,814 395 1,348 2,167 2,364 464 544 12,9551979–80 32,219 442 1,364 2,199 3,185 744 572 14,2501980–81 32,369 426 1,322 2,700 2,422 714 594 13,8001981–82 32,938 455 1,428 2,961 3,407 748 680 14,9891982–83 31,394 460 1,471 3,593 2,605 824 586 14,4431983–84 30,920 467 1,333 4,638 1,692 494 674 14,4311984–85 33,741 572 1,820 6,249 2,827 1,008 968 19,3151985–86 31,581 553 1,964 4,137 2,925 1,217 793 17,4501986–87 29,347 522 1,580 3,549 2,119 1,320 633 15,3201987–88 30,871 574 1,555 4,246 3,214 1,468 864 17,7341988–89 33,831 542 1,789 4,159 3,356 1,426 709 18,3381989–90 31,696 548 2,295 3,789 2,656 1,456 666 17,3591990–91 33,153 572 1,989 4,507 3,376 1,638 717 18,9801991–92 34,758 597 2,023 5,683 3,835 2,177 667 20,7361992–93 32,643 549 2,346 4,507 3,531 1,540 420 17,9221993–94 30,718 551 2,134 3,745 3,513 1,368 483 16,9141994–95 32,250 583 2,427 4,333 4,281 1,361 537 18,7911995–96 35,920 569 2,885 4,769 3,898 1,801 410 20,4471996–97 33,740 581 3,031 4,202 4,124 1,594 306 19,6081997–98 33,797 595 2,686 4,594 4,092 1,562 412 20,1121998–99 32,885 570 2,805 4,507 3,031 1,494 521 18,7421999–2000 32,350 592 2,652 3,832 3,695 1,911 700 19,1452000–01 32,012 606 2,380 4,420 3,743 1,824 939 19,4032001–02 33,719 636 2,678 5,313 4,421 1,804 766 21,4492002–03 30,779 644 2,308 5,487 3,747 1,736 847 19,8202003–04 32,263 653 3,048 5,182 3,975 1,708 1,310 21,0542004–05 35,759 740 4,137 6,598 5,063 2,425 1,285 26,4592005–06 34,503 734 4,148 6,184 5,202 2,145 1,023 25,3312006–07 34,713 772 4,899 7,730 4,701 2,086 1,524 26,7852007–08 32,889 798 5,378 8,056 4,182 1,862 1,603 26,2552008–09 30,629 770 5,073 7,991 2,793 1,860 1,193 23,5812009–10 30,198 745 5,335 6,968 2,653 2,012 1,187 22,5112010–11 33,726 759 5,923 6,641 3,942 1,881 1,960 25,6132011–12 36,071 771 6,315 7,403 3,391 2,308 1,894 27,7952012–13 34,331 786 6,206 7,621 3,770 2,025 1,306 26,9792013–14 32,557 805 6,750 7,131 2,811 2,069 1,742 26,2092014–15 34,052 762 6,423 6,532 3,553 2,308 1,524 25,9522015–16 30,636 684 5,640 4,790 2,806 1,524 1,285 20,9412016–17 29,576 785 5,880 4,954 3,739 1,677 1,524 23,214a August–July crop year.Sources: ABARES; US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Cotton: World Markets and Trade, Foreign Agriculture Service Circular, Washington DC; USDA, Production, Supply and Distribution Database, Washington DC

Production

TABLE 5.7 World area, yield and production of raw cotton a

61

Cotton


2009–10 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17

kt kt kt kt kt kt kt ktAfrica 958 866 1,035 1,329 1,250 1,181 1,299 1,228

Sub-Saharan Africa 880 771 946 1,266 1,211 1,137 1,266 1,199Burkina 37.0 32.0 31.0 57.0 61.0 50.0 62.0 52.0Mali 21.0 21.0 30.0 38.0 43.0 40.0 47.0 52.0

Americas 3,097 3,693 3,782 3,900 2,865 3,429 3,018 3,952United States 2,621 3,130 2,551 2,836 2,293 2,449 1,993 3,248South America 455 511 1,155 1,013 535 942 994 670

Brazil 433 435 1,043 938 486 851 939 607Australia 395 505 994 1,305 1,036 681 536 763Greece 185 163 240 240 280 254 209 223Turkmenistan 250 158 152 174 354 327 272 185Uzbekistan 827 577 544 697 588 533 544 327Other 2,079 1,638 3,272 2,471 2,565 1,248 1,771 1,488World 7,791 7,600 10,019 10,116 8,938 7,653 7,648 8,166a August–July crop year. Includes small quantities re-exported. Sources: ABARES; US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Cotton: World Markets and Trade, Foreign Agriculture Service Circular, Washington DC; USDA, Production, Supply and Distribution Database, Washington DC

TABLE 5.8 Volume of world exports of raw cotton, by country a

2009–10 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17

kt kt kt kt kt kt kt ktAsia 5,760 5,804 8,406 8,590 7,026 6,153 5,786 6,340

Bangladesh 871 925 740 1,089 1,154 1,252 1,350 1,361China 2,374 2,608 5,342 4,426 3,075 1,804 959 1,096India 105 44.0 131 258 147 267 233 594Indonesia 588 544 544 683 651 728 640 738Korea 220 226 255 286 280 288 256 223Malaysia 59.0 71.0 245 196 76.0 61.0 96.0 98.0Pakistan 343 314 196 392 261 207 719 523Taiwan 221 175 188 205 187 190 154 140Thailand 393 381 275 329 337 321 278 267Vietnam 369 342 354 525 697 931 980 1,198Other Asia 217 174 136 201 161 104 121 102

European Union b 214 242 187 201 190 187 174 153Mexico 303 260 218 207 226 181 212 218Middle East 1,031 784 601 893 1,006 867 992 885

Turkey c 957 729 519 804 925 800 918 801Russian Federation 184 113 106 89.0 83.0 71.0 63.0 54.0Other 298 397 501 136 407 194 421 516World 7,790 7,600 10,019 10,116 8,938 7,653 7,648 8,166a August–July crop year. Does not include cotton in transit. b Regarded as 28 countries. c Middle East includes Turkey.Sources: ABARES; US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Cotton: World Markets and Trade, Foreign Agriculture Service Circular, Washington DC; USDA, Production, Supply and Distribution Database, Washington DC

TABLE 5.9 Volume of world imports of raw cotton, by destination a

62

Dairy products


Milk

Dairy cow yield

numbers a per cow Milk b Butter c Cheese d Butter Cheese

’000 L ML kt kt $/t $/t1973–74 2,492 2,711 6,756 175 96.0 695 7611974–75 2,477 2,623 6,497 161 99.0 955 1,0121975–76 2,467 2,533 6,248 148 113 836 1,1171976–77 2,279 2,533 5,772 118 104 1,124 1,0701977–78 2,056 2,734 5,621 112 116 1,280 1,2591978–79 1,921 2,951 5,669 105 142 1,249 1,3371979–80 1,869 2,905 5,430 84.3 151 1,595 1,5451980–81 1,819 2,882 5,243 79.4 135 1,875 1,9261981–82 1,810 2,910 5,268 76.4 153 2,714 2,1581982–83 1,792 3,083 5,524 88.3 158 2,412 2,4441983–84 1,809 3,274 5,923 111 161 1,871 2,6111984–85 1,809 3,338 6,038 114 160 1,617 2,4331985–86 1,770 3,411 6,038 105 170 1,592 2,5151986–87 1,757 3,513 6,172 104 177 1,758 2,6451987–88 1,714 3,575 6,129 97.5 176 1,634 2,7351988–89 1,709 3,679 6,289 101 191 1,970 2,9931989–90 1,698 3,688 6,262 104 175 2,420 3,4621990–91 1,682 3,807 6,403 106 179 1,968 3,2041991–92 1,699 3,963 6,732 114 198 2,177 3,3181992–93 1,716 4,268 7,325 133 211 2,241 3,6951993–94 1,786 4,523 8,079 149 233 2,197 3,7531994–95 1,821 4,506 8,206 141 237 2,076 3,4521995–96 1,884 4,627 8,718 154 268 2,993 3,8821996–97 1,977 4,571 9,036 158 285 2,001 3,7051997–98 2,060 4,582 9,439 163 310 2,264 3,9561998–99 2,155 4,723 10,178 189 328 2,510 3,9691999–2000 2,171 4,996 10,847 182 373 2,124 3,6712000–01 2,176 4,847 10,547 172 376 2,419 4,3432001–02 2,123 5,309 11,271 178 412 2,417 4,7382002–03 2,050 5,038 10,328 164 379 2,014 3,8462003–04 2,038 4,944 10,076 149 384 2,187 3,4862004–05 1,942 5,215 10,127 147 388 2,713 3,8512005–06 1,880 5,367 10,089 146 373 2,723 4,1462006–07 1,796 5,336 9,583 133 364 2,212 3,8772007–08 1,640 5,624 9,223 128 361 3,391 4,7642008–09 1,676 5,602 9,388 148 343 3,297 5,4392009–10 1,596 5,692 9,084 128 350 2,865 4,2502010–11 1,589 5,777 9,180 122 339 4,496 4,4772011–12 1,700 5,631 9,574 120 347 4,142 4,6562012–13 1,688 5,518 9,317 118 338 3,350 4,5032013–14 1,647 5,692 9,372 116 311 4,925 5,0802014–15 1,689 5,761 9,732 119 344 4,542 5,1852015–16 1,562 6,198 9,679 119 344 4,629 4,9982016–17 1,512 5,963 9,015 99.9 337 5,195 5,078a Cows in milk and dry at 31 March. From 1999–2000, at 30 June. House cows and heifers are included before 1977–78, but excluded thereafter. b Before 1980–81, milk production included an estimate of on-farm use. Includes mixed skim milk powder. c Includes the butter equivalent of butter oil, butter concentrate, ghee and dry butterfat production. d Excludes processed cheese.Note: Details for establishments with estimated value of agricultural operations (EVAO) of $1,500 or more until 1980–81; $2,500 or more from 1981–82 to 1985–86; EVAO of $20,000 or more from 1986–87 to 1990–91; EVAO of $22,500 or more from 1991–92 to 1992–93; EVAO of $5,000 or more from 1993–94 to 2014–15; and EVAO of $40,000 from 2015–16.Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Agricultural Commodities, Australia, cat. no. 7121.0, Canberra; ABS, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra; ABS, Principal Agricultural Commodities, Australia, Preliminary, cat. no. 7111.0, Canberra; Dairy Australia, Web statistics, Melbourne

Production Export price fob

TABLE 6.1 Summary of Australian statistics for dairy products

63

Dairy products


Unit 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17

China $m 30.2 36.7 44.0 74.0 72.3 85.0 101Hong Kong $m 23.8 25.1 23.4 21.6 18.4 19.2 17.3Japan $m 356 423 415 343 407 410 374Korea, Rep. of $m 36.8 31.0 29.8 26.1 32.0 39.2 53.1Malaysia $m 27.0 29.3 32.9 43.9 43.6 46.0 47.5New Zealand $m 20.4 15.4 15.8 15.0 16.5 21.1 22.8Philippines $m 16.9 12.0 14.4 14.6 21.0 29.1 26.6Singapore $m 26.1 29.2 34.4 32.9 33.0 33.5 33.6Taiwan $m 22.6 15.7 19.8 16.3 18.1 19.6 21.2United States $m 12.3 3.4 11.1 8.5 26.7 32.1 25.5Other $m 159 130 144 169 134 125 125World $m 731 751 784 765 823 859 848

China $m 3.7 7.2 5.9 7.5 11.4 11.1 11.5Hong Kong $m 11.8 11.7 7.1 12.6 14.1 11.6 6.9Korea, Rep. of $m 16.3 9.2 6.9 6.3 9.6 14.3 9.6Malaysia $m 18.5 17.6 7.8 15.0 17.2 17.8 15.1Russia Federation $m 25.5 10.6 22.0 95.3 0.1 0 0Singapore $m 27.9 22.4 17.6 30.4 28.5 18.7 15.9Thailand $m 14.5 15.0 8.0 16.8 13.2 13.9 14.0Other $m 133 108 104 58.9 104 68.2 38.6World $m 252 201 180 243 198 156 111

China $m 37.1 49.6 35.5 108 58.6 70.3 75.9Indonesia $m 80.1 71.6 68.1 126 164 120 107Kuwait $m 15.7 17.2 21.9 61.5 30.7 31.8 14.2Malaysia $m 26.8 35.2 41.6 55.3 57.4 47.9 49.8Philippines $m 31.2 33.8 33.4 38.8 48.5 29.5 22.6Singapore $m 51.6 60.3 58.2 63.3 55.1 36.1 40.3Thailand $m 37.9 33.6 38.6 49.9 40.6 28.7 21.9Vietnam $m 6.0 3.2 13.2 15.2 37.1 34.8 23.0Other $m 217 170 157 189 190 117 99.3World $m 504 474 467 708 682 516 454

Bangladesh $m 23.0 16.5 15.6 47.7 32.1 18.3 16.0China $m 51.6 11.2 55.7 159 19.9 82.4 78.0Hong Kong $m 4.5 6.3 10.1 10.5 8.6 14.0 20.3Oman $m 31.2 60.3 2.9 3.5 13.9 10.9 2.1Singapore $m 58.4 62.7 45.5 85.7 53.8 27.5 24.7Sri Lanka $m 40.6 42.6 37.9 72.3 51.4 39.0 36.8Taiwan $m 13.6 12.0 15.0 14.9 15.0 11.2 12.9Other $m 180 167 129 138 99.4 53.5 77.5World $m 402 378 312 532 294 257 268

Casein $m 52.7 48.3 46.2 42.3 10.5 10.4 11.0Fresh milk $m 96.4 114 128 150 202 240 223Other fresh products $m 47.0 50.5 46.9 43.3 47.1 51.8 59.0Condensed milk $m 108 129 120 134 139 133 157Other powders $m 485 548 609 559 471 774 892Other dairy products nei $m 27.5 36.2 37.4 17.9 9.0 4.1 5.3Total $m 817 925 988 946 879 1,213 1,347a Includes ghee, dry butterfat, butter concentrate and butter oil, all expressed as butter.Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra

Cheese

Butter and butterfat a

Skim milk powder

Whole milk powder

Other products

TABLE 6.2 Value of Australian exports of dairy products, by destination

64

Dairy products


Unit 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17

China kt 5.5 7.4 10.4 15.8 14.8 17.9 21.5Hong Kong kt 4.2 4.1 4.1 3.7 3.1 3.4 3.0Japan kt 84.5 95.6 104 73.6 85.8 90.6 81.4Korea, Rep. of kt 8.8 7.3 7.0 4.8 5.9 7.9 10.4Malaysia kt 7.1 6.8 5.8 7.9 7.5 7.8 8.3New Zealand kt 3.1 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.4 3.1 3.5Philippines kt 3.8 2.4 3.0 2.7 3.6 4.9 4.3Singapore kt 5.8 5.8 4.9 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.3Taiwan kt 5.3 3.8 4.0 3.1 3.6 3.9 4.2United States kt 2.3 0.7 2.8 1.9 4.7 6.2 4.7Other kt 32.8 25.3 25.9 29.5 21.7 20.8 20.3World kt 163 161 174 151 159 172 167

China kt 0.7 1.8 1.8 1.4 2.2 2.2 1.9Hong Kong kt 2.5 2.7 1.9 2.5 2.7 2.2 1.3Korea, Rep. of kt 2.9 1.9 1.6 1.2 1.7 2.3 1.5Malaysia kt 3.8 3.8 2.1 2.9 3.8 3.7 2.7Russia Federation kt 6.0 3.1 7.2 19.1 0.0 0.0 0.0Singapore kt 5.7 4.5 4.5 5.9 5.4 3.6 2.9Thailand kt 3.3 4.3 2.8 3.7 3.3 3.5 3.8Other kt 31.0 26.5 31.9 12.5 24.4 16.2 7.4World kt 56.0 48.6 53.7 49.3 43.6 33.6 21.4

China kt 11.7 14.8 9.4 21.3 16.6 18.4 22.4Indonesia kt 24.7 20.8 21.6 25.6 39.7 40.8 36.4Kuwait kt 5.5 5.2 6.9 12.5 7.1 11.0 4.6Malaysia kt 8.3 10.8 13.4 11.4 17.6 19.2 18.9Philippines kt 9.8 10.3 10.9 8.3 14.0 10.3 8.6Singapore kt 15.7 18.8 18.4 12.6 15.4 14.4 14.6Thailand kt 11.5 9.6 12.1 10.2 11.3 10.5 6.7Vietnam kt 1.8 0.9 4.2 3.2 11.0 15.1 8.7Other kt 66.4 50.0 49.8 38.2 53.8 41.8 32.4World kt 155 141 147 143 186 181 153

Bangladesh kt 6.6 4.7 4.9 8.8 8.4 6.1 4.6China kt 13.7 2.3 12.1 26.6 2.8 9.8 9.6Hong Kong kt 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.6 2.6Oman kt 8.5 17.5 1.0 0.7 4.3 3.6 0.6Singapore kt 15.5 17.3 14.1 16.1 13.5 8.1 8.2Sri Lanka kt 11.2 11.1 11.5 13.5 12.1 12.8 10.5Taiwan kt 3.7 2.4 3.1 2.1 1.9 1.4 1.4Other kt 48.1 45.9 38.8 25.2 25.4 13.8 22.4World kt 108 102 87.0 94.4 69.3 57.0 59.9

Casein kt 4.7 4.2 4.2 2.9 0.2 0.4 0.4Fresh milk kt 79.5 94.1 110 122 161 188 195Other fresh products kt 11.6 12.4 10.8 9.8 10.6 11.4 12.0Condensed milk kt 47.2 51.7 49.7 48.4 50.7 62.2 69.6Other powders kt 120 124 139 112 90.2 114 117Other products nei kt 27.5 36.2 37.4 17.9 9.0 4.1 0.0a Includes ghee, dry butterfat, butter concentrate and butter oil, all expressed as butter.Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra

Cheese

Butter and butterfat a

Skim milk powder

Whole milk powder

Other products

TABLE 6.3 Volume of Australian exports of dairy products, by destination

65

Dairy products


New South Western

South Wales Victoria Queensland Australia Australia Tasmania Australia b

’000 ’000 ’000 ’000 ’000 ’000 ’0001973–74 418 1,244 341 132 94.9 140 2,4921974–75 387 1,269 329 135 91.1 144 2,4771975–76 384 1,258 330 135 93.2 143 2,4671976–77 373 1,167 312 120 83.5 128 2,2791977–78 341 1,125 287 112 74.1 118 2,0561978–79 320 1,047 265 105 72.3 110 1,9211979–80 308 1,037 247 102 71.5 103 1,8691980–81 289 1,024 236 100 71.1 98.7 1,8191981–82 283 1,024 235 99.0 70.0 100 1,8101982–83 293 998 234 98.0 69.0 98.4 1,7921983–84 285 1,021 234 101 69.0 98.6 1,8091984–85 274 1,036 229 102 69.0 98.2 1,8091985–86 264 1,016 224 102 68.0 95.8 1,7701986–87 270 997 223 102 67.3 96.3 1,7571987–88 260 977 218 99.7 65.0 93.6 1,7141988–89 258 990 210 93.5 64.0 92.1 1,7091989–90 245 995 208 90.4 64.7 93.2 1,6981990–91 230 1,000 199 89.0 66.0 97.2 1,6821991–92 222 1,026 188 90.0 68.2 103 1,6991992–93 222 1,033 189 92.7 70.3 107 1,7161993–94 232 1,085 189 93.8 73.8 113 1,7861994–95 230 1,113 189 96.6 73.2 119 1,8211995–96 235 1,161 189 97.0 71.0 130 1,8841996–97 245 1,229 194 101 71.0 137 1,9771997–98 266 1,268 203 107 73.0 143 2,0601998–99 282 1,340 196 117 65.0 154 2,1551999–2000 289 1,377 194 105 65.0 139 2,1712000–01 270 1,360 187 132 72.0 155 2,1762001–02 264 1,363 174 110 75.0 134 2,1232002–03 250 1,303 159 117 77.0 142 2,0502003–04 236 1,322 169 106 74.0 127 2,0382004–05 240 1,319 139 92.9 62.5 132 1,9422005–06 222 1,217 127 104 67.0 143 1,8802006–07 210 1,150 121 114 60.0 140 1,7962007–08 195 1,055 100 103 54.0 134 1,6402008–09 201 1,061 107 106 52.0 149 1,6762009–10 203 1,028 88.0 87.0 65.0 124 1,5962010–11 194 1,019 99.0 91.0 63.0 138 1,5892011–12 204 1,115 101 76.0 57.0 148 1,7002012–13 213 1,106 101 72.0 65.0 149 1,6882013–14 181 1,093 98.0 72.7 65.6 137 1,6472014–15 177 1,147 91.1 67.9 58.6 147 1,6892015–16 182 1,005 88.9 78.0 59.5 149 1,5622016–17 s 165 995 87.0 65.0 55.0 145 1,512a Cows in milk and dry at 31 March. From 2000, at 30 June. House cows and heifers are included before 1977–78,but excluded thereafter. Before 1987, includes livestock holdings on establishments with estimated value ofagricultural operations (EVAO) of $1,500 or more until 1980–81; $2,500 or more from 1981–82 to 1985–86; EVAOof $20,000 or more from 1986–87 to 1990–91; EVAO of $22,500 or more from 1991–92 to 1992–93; EVAO of$5,000 or more from 1993–94 to 2014–15; and EVAO of $40,000 from 2015–16. b Includes data for the AustralianCapital Territory and the Northern Territory. s Dairy Australia estimateSources: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Agricultural Commodities, Australia, cat. no. 7121.0, Canberra; DairyAustralia, Web statistics, Melbourne

TABLE 6.4 Australian dairy cow numbers, by state a

66

Dairy products


New South Western

South Wales Victoria Queensland Australia Australia Tasmania Australia b

ML ML ML ML ML ML ML1973–74 1,069 3,917 665 439 241 422 6,7561974–75 958 3,745 658 426 246 461 6,4971975–76 985 3,518 691 398 240 434 6,2481976–77 944 3,203 613 353 209 421 5,7721977–78 875 3,013 537 316 212 381 5,6211978–79 906 3,283 570 332 213 365 5,6691979–80 907 3,151 506 329 222 315 5,4301980–81 840 3,065 516 319 214 289 5,2431981–82 874 3,028 557 306 209 294 5,2681982–83 905 3,164 572 340 221 322 5,5241983–84 940 3,400 629 382 232 340 5,9231984–85 940 3,516 621 372 243 346 6,0381985–86 904 3,575 600 365 243 351 6,0381986–87 902 3,692 604 374 248 352 6,1721987–88 931 3,649 614 378 251 306 6,1291988–89 919 3,793 627 371 245 334 6,2891989–90 879 3,787 629 356 267 343 6,2621990–91 858 3,908 626 366 282 363 6,4031991–92 894 4,119 635 411 302 372 6,7321992–93 997 4,456 702 436 321 413 7,3251993–94 1,099 4,968 764 456 345 447 8,0791994–95 1,087 5,114 740 485 343 437 8,2061995–96 1,118 5,482 751 512 341 514 8,7181996–97 1,192 5,634 797 535 349 529 9,0361997–98 1,242 5,866 822 580 387 543 9,4391998–99 1,286 6,414 827 646 403 603 10,1781999–2000 1,395 6,870 848 713 412 609 10,8472000–01 1,326 6,784 760 699 389 590 10,5472001–02 1,343 7,405 744 715 392 671 11,2712002–03 1,301 6,584 720 733 404 585 10,3282003–04 1,271 6,434 674 703 404 590 10,0762004–05 1,218 6,613 619 679 398 600 10,1272005–06 1,197 6,651 597 646 377 622 10,0892006–07 1,105 6,297 534 655 349 642 9,5832007–08 1,049 6,102 485 606 319 661 9,2232008–09 1,065 6,135 512 628 340 708 9,3882009–10 1,099 5,813 530 605 359 677 9,0842010–11 1,087 5,936 487 572 372 726 9,1802011–12 1,135 6,241 487 570 349 792 9,5742012–13 1,136 6,071 460 536 349 765 9,3172013–14 1,104 6,166 437 516 340 810 9,3722014–15 1,160 6,390 411 516 364 891 9,7322015–16 1,178 6,289 414 528 387 883 9,6792016–17 1,121 5,773 418 487 380 835 9,015a Before 1977–78, milk production includes an estimate of on-farm use. b Includes data for the Australian Capital Territory and estimates for the Northern Territory.Source: Dairy Australia, Web statistics, Melbourne

TABLE 6.5 Australian production of wholemilk, by state a

67

Dairy products


Unit 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17

Butter a kt 122 120 118 116 119 119 99.9Cheese kt 339 347 338 311 344 344 337

Non–cheddar kt 184 186 180 160 165 173 165Cheddar kt 155 161 158 152 179 172 172

Whole milk powder kt 151 140 109 126 96.8 66.1 60.0Skim milk powder b kt 222 230 224 211 242 256 222Buttermilk powder kt 12.0 10.7 10.5 11.1 11.6 10.7 8.7a Includes the butter equivalent of butter oil, butter concentrate, ghee and dry butterfat production. b Includes mixed skim milkpowder.Sources: ABARES; Dairy Australia, Web statistics, Melbourne

TABLE 6.6 Australian manufacture of dairy products

Unit 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17

Butter kt 86.5 87.8 85.6 94.0 103 119 118Cheese a kt 302 302 289 287 320 315 330

Australian kt 234 231 219 214 241 227 220Yoghurt kt 162 167 171 174 172 172 172Market milk ML 2,317 2,387 2,467 2,484 2,507 2,540 2,529

Butter kg 3.9 3.9 3.7 4.0 4.3 4.9 4.8Cheese a kg 13.6 13.4 12.5 12.2 13.4 13.0 13.4

Australian kg 10.5 10.1 10.4 10.4 10.3 9.4 8.9Yoghurt kg 7.3 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.2 7.1 7.0Market milk L 105 106 107 106 105 105 103a In natural equivalent weight.Sources: ABARES; Dairy Australia, Web statistics, Melbourne

Total consumption

Consumption per person

TABLE 6.7 Australian consumption of dairy products

68

Dairy products


Manufacturing Market Weighted Manufacturing Market

milk c milk average milk milk Total

c/L c/L c/L $m $m $m1973–74 5.3 11.8 7.0 271 196 4681974–75 6.0 14.2 8.0 301 218 5191975–76 5.5 16.1 8.1 252 238 4901976–77 5.7 18.7 9.2 246 275 5211977–78 7.3 17.2 9.9 259 295 5531978–79 8.5 18.5 11.0 296 332 6281979–80 9.7 20.0 12.5 309 367 6761980–81 13.0 23.1 16.0 483 402 8851981–82 15.4 26.2 18.6 561 473 1,0341982–83 16.7 28.7 20.1 665 522 1,1871983–84 15.7 29.8 19.4 656 497 1,1531984–85 13.5 31.2 18.2 510 526 1,0351985–86 14.7 32.8 19.6 580 527 1,1071986–87 17.5 34.5 22.1 687 570 1,2571987–88 19.3 36.2 23.9 805 586 1,3911988–89 22.7 37.9 26.8 981 654 1,6351989–90 18.3 39.7 28.6 1,059 691 1,7491990–91 18.9 40.9 23.5 1,099 726 1,8251991–92 19.7 43.2 24.5 1,188 772 1,9601992–93 24.4 43.5 29.0 1,522 793 2,3141993–94 23.0 46.2 28.2 1,620 829 2,4481994–95 22.2 47.8 27.9 1,511 908 2,4191995–96 26.0 49.9 31.1 1,898 951 2,8481996–97 24.0 51.1 29.6 1,830 979 2,8091997–98 23.9 52.0 29.4 1,839 979 2,8171998–99 22.5 51.5 28.5 1,905 995 2,9001999–2000 22.0 52.3 26.2 1,961 1,011 2,9722000–01 na na 29.0 na na 3,0532001–02 na na 33.0 na na 3,7172002–03 na na 27.1 na na 2,7952003–04 na na 27.9 na na 2,8092004–05 na na 31.5 na na 3,1942005–06 na na 33.1 na na 3,3412006–07 na na 33.2 na na 3,1782007–08 na na 49.6 na na 4,5722008–09 na na 42.4 na na 3,9882009–10 na na 37.3 na na 3,3712010–11 na na 43.2 na na 3,9322011–12 na na 42.0 na na 3,9862012–13 na na 40.2 na na 3,6872013–14 na na 51.2 na na 4,7292014–15 na na 48.5 na na 4,7222015–16 na na 44.9 na na 4,2822016–17 na na 40.9 na na 3,687a A slight series break occurs in 1977–78 as a result of a change in the method of valuation. b Since deregulation of farmgate milk prices from July 2000, manufacturing and market milk prices are no longer reported separately. c From 1990–91, manufacturing milk price is reported net of market support. Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics, Value of Agricultural Commodities Produced, Australia, cat. no. 7503.0, Canberra; Dairy Australia, Web statistics, Melbourne

Producer price ab Gross value of production

TABLE 6.8 Australian milk prices and gross value of production

69

Dairy products


Skim milk Whole milk

Butter b Cheese powder powder Casein

$/t $/t $/t $/t $/t1973–74 695 761 417 767 7411974–75 955 1,012 649 1,007 1,0331975–76 836 1,117 465 1,042 1,0131976–77 1,124 1,070 323 867 8321977–78 1,280 1,259 389 1,038 1,0221978–79 1,249 1,337 541 1,104 1,3661979–80 1,595 1,545 577 1,100 1,8431980–81 1,875 1,926 1,000 1,614 2,4761981–82 2,714 2,158 897 1,907 2,3911982–83 2,412 2,444 919 2,057 2,9411983–84 1,871 2,611 885 2,071 2,5001984–85 1,617 2,433 849 1,900 2,2861985–86 1,592 2,515 987 1,938 2,8001986–87 1,758 2,645 1,127 2,048 3,2861987–88 1,634 2,735 1,382 2,243 3,8751988–89 1,970 2,993 2,250 2,650 6,3451989–90 2,420 3,462 2,343 2,852 5,7041990–91 1,968 3,204 1,783 2,192 4,1791991–92 2,177 3,318 1,963 2,432 4,8201992–93 2,241 3,695 2,581 2,918 6,8811993–94 2,197 3,753 2,239 2,603 13,9411994–95 2,076 3,452 2,251 2,471 6,8761995–96 2,993 3,882 2,842 3,141 8,5641996–97 2,001 3,705 2,462 2,778 6,0271997–98 2,264 3,956 2,493 2,882 4,9971998–99 2,510 3,969 2,252 2,883 5,2741999–2000 2,124 3,671 2,222 2,629 6,0222000–01 2,419 4,343 3,543 3,464 9,0402001–02 2,417 4,738 3,391 3,454 9,3562002–03 2,014 3,846 2,296 2,681 6,2582003–04 2,187 3,486 2,441 2,748 6,7352004–05 2,713 3,851 2,784 3,094 9,0592005–06 2,723 4,146 2,867 3,024 10,7392006–07 2,212 3,877 2,984 2,912 9,7122007–08 3,391 4,764 4,241 4,808 13,8852008–09 3,297 5,439 3,408 4,086 14,0762009–10 2,865 4,250 2,801 3,250 9,1252010–11 4,496 4,477 3,242 3,713 11,1172011–12 4,142 4,656 3,355 3,698 11,5392012–13 3,350 4,503 3,184 3,585 11,1132013–14 4,925 5,080 4,943 5,640 14,4562014–15 4,542 5,185 3,658 4,245 43,2072015–16 4,629 4,998 2,844 4,503 24,9122016–17 5,195 5,078 2,964 4,474 25,596a Free on board at port of origin. b Commercial butter equivalent.Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra

TABLE 6.9 Average export unit values of Australian dairy products a

70

Dairy products


2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17

Volume kt kt kt kt kt kt kt

Cheddar 18.8 15.3 18.8 15.4 18.9 22.1 8.4Other 3.1 5.0 4.1 3.8 4.3 4.6 4.4

Blue vein 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.8 1.9Camembert 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.9Cheddar 26.7 27.9 20.4 20.9 18.5 19.2 39.8Colby 2.4 2.4 2.8 1.6 2.2 2.0 1.2Edam 0.9 1.3 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5Fetta 2.7 2.1 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.6Gouda 0.9 0.7 1.4 1.9 2.5 0.7 0.8Mozzarella 0.7 3.0 1.7 9.7 13.3 10.3 13.7Parmesan 1.4 1.8 2.2 2.0 2.3 2.9 5.7Provolone 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.6Other 13.5 14.7 16.5 14.5 14.2 16.0 17.7Total 73.1 76.3 73.7 75.8 82.5 91.6 112

Unit value $/kg $/kg $/kg $/kg $/kg $/kg $/kg

Cheddar 4.3 4.5 4.3 5.4 5.8 5.1 5.1Other 5.7 5.2 5.0 6.4 6.1 6.0 6.3

Blue vein 13.9 14.4 14.1 15.7 15.2 15.7 15.3Camembert 13.4 11.0 10.6 11.5 11.9 12.2 12.1Cheddar 4.4 4.1 3.8 5.1 5.0 4.7 4.4Colby 4.7 4.4 4.1 5.7 5.2 4.6 4.1Edam 5.4 4.4 5.5 7.9 6.5 6.9 7.8Fetta 6.5 7.2 7.1 8.4 8.5 8.7 8.4Gouda 5.1 5.8 4.8 5.4 4.9 7.7 7.7Mozzarella 4.6 4.2 4.3 5.0 5.0 4.8 5.1Parmesan 11.9 11.2 8.9 11.6 10.9 10.0 8.8Provolone 8.2 8.3 7.3 9.0 8.8 8.7 9.0Other 7.2 7.1 6.9 8.5 8.7 9.0 8.4Average 5.4 5.4 5.3 6.5 6.5 6.4 6.1Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra

Processed

Processed

Natural

Natural

TABLE 6.10 Volume of Australian imports of cheese, by variety

71

Dairy products


Milk Butter Cheese Butter Cheese Butter Cheese

Mt kt kt kt kt kt kt1973 373 5,593 6,676 5,585 6,590 1,080 9331974 380 5,564 6,987 5,469 6,732 958 9951975 380 5,748 6,763 5,600 6,612 895 1,0191976 386 6,027 7,298 5,674 6,978 994 1,1611977 395 6,207 7,382 5,837 7,167 1,001 1,2031978 401 6,230 7,692 5,743 7,487 1,027 1,2331979 407 6,256 8,079 5,977 7,765 1,233 1,3431980 413 6,291 8,342 5,982 7,972 1,355 1,3581981 412 6,075 8,381 5,776 8,004 1,343 1,4281982 432 6,375 8,811 5,721 8,426 1,312 1,4841983 449 6,918 9,168 6,066 8,769 1,197 1,5041984 453 6,857 9,581 6,219 9,313 1,337 1,7031985 461 6,929 9,962 6,443 9,645 1,400 1,7211986 470 7,217 10,295 6,568 10,064 1,310 1,7341987 469 6,737 10,599 6,963 10,374 1,820 1,7701988 471 6,604 10,717 7,070 10,385 2,090 1,7861989 471 6,747 10,975 6,404 10,692 1,769 1,7851990 473 6,797 11,025 6,382 10,744 1,368 1,8381991 463 6,306 11,068 5,893 10,677 1,410 1,9261992 460 6,056 11,218 5,875 10,823 1,442 2,0361993 430 5,657 11,093 5,286 10,729 1,422 2,2421994 422 5,348 11,240 5,188 10,950 1,320 2,3381995 419 5,218 11,346 4,966 11,037 1,233 2,4671996 421 5,136 11,705 4,844 11,325 1,131 2,5821997 413 5,171 11,134 4,931 11,095 749 9431998 417 5,458 11,397 5,083 11,209 627 9071999 429 5,653 12,154 4,988 11,979 630 9202000 440 5,863 12,650 5,429 12,295 752 1,0602001 446 6,197 12,754 5,797 12,518 727 1,1142002 463 6,595 15,079 6,072 14,733 831 1,1892003 470 6,577 15,043 6,162 14,791 875 1,2402004 471 6,652 15,384 6,290 15,097 870 1,2952005 484 6,824 16,260 6,399 15,960 816 1,2932006 494 7,192 16,820 6,801 16,562 879 1,3862007 505 7,652 17,181 7,321 16,888 839 1,4592008 504 7,970 16,807 7,501 16,500 754 1,3962009 503 8,155 16,993 7,635 16,680 878 1,4242010 513 8,278 17,451 7,887 16,993 780 1,5532011 528 8,688 17,595 8,164 17,139 769 1,6302012 543 9,027 18,103 8,490 17,549 816 1,7982013 550 9,249 18,186 8,716 17,618 868 1,8412014 571 9,636 18,659 9,023 17,958 924 1,8092015 592 9,893 19,150 9,183 18,389 907 1,8152016 596 10,020 19,391 9,443 18,669 948 1,939a Includes intra-EU trade up to and including 1996.Source: US Department of Agriculture, Production, Supply and Distribution Database , Washington DC

Production Consumption Exports a

TABLE 6.11 Summary of world statistics for dairy products

72

Dairy products


2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016


Argentina 10,600 11,470 11,679 11,519 11,326 11,552 10,191Canada 8,350 8,400 8,614 8,443 8,437 8,773 9,100United States 87,488 89,020 91,010 91,277 93,485 94,619 96,343Brazil 21,605 22,449 23,008 24,259 25,489 34,830 32,576

China 30,528 31,980 33,960 35,750 38,800 39,050 37,620India 117,000 123,000 129,000 134,500 140,500 147,000 154,000Japan 7,721 7,474 7,631 7,508 7,334 7,379 7,420

European Union a 139,492 142,920 143,750 144,850 150,850 154,550 155,500Russian Federation 31,847 31,646 31,831 30,529 30,499 30,548 30,470Ukraine 11,249 11,085 11,378 11,488 11,426 10,864 10,680

Oceania 26,349 26,638 28,835 30,173 29,863 31,926 31,566Australia b 9,366 9,465 9,870 9,606 9,663 10,033 9,979New Zealand 16,983 17,173 18,965 20,567 20,200 21,893 21,587

World c 512,690 527,981 542,965 550,333 570,714 592,104 596,307a Regarded as 28 countries. b Year ended 30 June. c Includes major producing countries.Sources: ABARES; Dairy Australia, Web statistics, Melbourne; US Department of Agriculture, Production, Supply and Distribution Database, Washington DC

Americas

Asia

Europe

TABLE 6.12 Milk production in selected regions and countries

73

Dairy products


2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

kt kt kt kt kt kt kt kt

Australia abc 148 128 122 120 118 116 119 119Brazil 76.0 78.0 79.0 81.0 83.0 85.0 83.0 82.0

Russian Federation 246 207 217 216 219 252 260 246European Union d 2,030 1,980 2,055 2,100 2,100 2,250 2,335 2,345Ukraine 75.0 79.0 76.0 88.0 93.0 115 103 105

Japan 81.0 74.0 63.0 69.0 68.0 61.0 65.0 67.0New Zealand 482 441 487 527 535 580 604 584United States 713 709 821 843 845 842 839 834World 8,155 8,278 8,688 9,027 9,249 9,636 9,893 10,020

Australia a 343 350 339 347 338 311 344 344Brazil 614 648 679 700 722 736 754 745

Russian Federation 840 776 753 790 713 760 861 865European Union d 8,739 8,959 8,981 9,287 9,368 9,560 9,740 9,810Ukraine 228 269 254 245 247 203 190 200

Japan 45.0 48.0 45.0 47.0 49.0 46.0 46.0 45.0New Zealand 308 268 300 328 311 325 355 360United States 4,570 4,737 4,806 4,938 5,036 5,222 5,367 5,514World 16,993 17,451 17,595 18,103 18,186 18,659 19,150 19,391

Australia a 212 190 222 230 224 211 242 256Brazil 125 130 132 141 151 154 155 153

Russian Federation 70.0 42.0 55.0 57.0 58.0 84.0 69.0 63.0European Union d 1,080 1,060 1,180 1,270 1,250 1,550 1,715 1,785Ukraine 51.0 53.0 43.0 52.0 52.0 55.0 54.0 56.0

Japan 167 156 137 139 136 120 129 132New Zealand 385 344 366 404 404 415 410 414United States 786 824 882 973 956 1,047 1,029 1,049World 3,534 3,459 3,731 4,059 4,051 4,512 4,773 4,827a Year ended 30 June. b Includes butter, anhydrous milk fat and ghee. c Factory production only. d Regarded as 28countries.Sources: ABARES; Dairy Australia, Web statistics, Melbourne; US Department of Agriculture, Production, Supply andDistribution Database, Washington DC

Butter

Cheese

Skim milk powder

Europe

Europe

Europe

TABLE 6.13 Production of dairy products in selected regions and countries

74

Dairy products


2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016


Australia ab 70.4 73.7 56.0 48.6 53.7 49.3 43.6 33.6Brazil 2.0 5.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 6.0 1.0 0Canada 3.0 1.0 0 1.0 4.0 2.0 1.0 1.0India 28.0 11.0 11.0 8.0 10.0 10.0 9.0 9.0

Net exports 149 154 124 121 122 142 183 218New Zealand 492 429 449 506 508 560 552 554Russian Federation 4.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 4.0 3.0 4.0Ukraine 1.0 1.0 2.0 0 3.0 5.0 11.0 9.0United States 30.0 59.0 65.0 47.0 93.0 74.0 23.0 26.0

Argentina 48.0 45.0 60.0 54.0 51.0 56.0 43.0 53.0Australia a 146 168 163 161 174 151 159 172

Net exports 578 676 682 768 787 721 719 800New Zealand 290 265 253 306 277 278 327 355Ukraine 77.0 79.0 80.0 68.0 59.0 19.0 11.0 8.0United States 108 173 225 260 316 368 317 287

Australia a 162 126 155 141 147 143 186 181Canada 10.0 6.0 10.0 10.0 13.0 13.0 14.0 24.0

Net exports 231 379 518 520 407 648 692 574India 15.0 18.0 3.0 37.0 130 61.0 18.0 19.0New Zealand 408 343 362 390 392 383 411 444Russian Federation 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 1.0Ukraine 27.0 14.0 22.0 26.0 12.0 28.0 35.0 34.0United States 248 384 435 444 555 544 560 593a Year ended 30 June. b Includes butter, anhydrous milk fat and ghee. c Regarded as 28 countries. Excludesintra EU trade.Sources: Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra; USDepartment of Agriculture, Production, Supply and Distribution Database, Washington DC

Butter

Cheese

Skim milk powder

European Union c

European Union c

European Union c

TABLE 6.14 Volume of exports of dairy products, by selected countries

75

Dairy products


2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016


Canada 12.0 8.0 11.0 8.0 7.0 11.0 17.0 27.0European Union a 63.0 41.0 44.0 52.0 44.0 52.0 27.0 23.0Japan 0.0 3.0 15.0 10.0 4.0 11.0 16.0 13.0Mexico 74.0 49.0 36.0 37.0 50.0 37.0 43.0 65.0Russian Federation 120 118 120 124 140 137 90.0 100United States 17.0 10.0 12.0 17.0 12.0 22.0 38.0 50.0

European Union a 84.0 84.0 75.0 78.0 75.0 76.0 61.0 71.0Japan 184 199 215 235 236 232 249 258Korea, Rep. of 49.0 61.0 76.0 78.0 85.0 97.0 112 110Mexico 73.0 80.0 78.0 89.0 103 99.0 116 123Russian Federation 348 411 416 449 463 349 220 230United States 131 110 110 122 113 127 157 165

Algeria 93.0 98.0 129 112 120 168 136 119China 70.0 89.0 130 168 235 253 200 184European Union a 6.0 4.0 0.0 2.0 5.0 2.0 3.0 4.0Indonesia 178 189 196 205 225 215 205 205Japan 34.0 30.0 27.0 32.0 32.0 43.0 53.0 34.0Mexico 165 155 194 236 198 203 259 286Philippines 112 110 111 106 113 95.0 100 185a Regarded as 28 countries. Excludes intra-EU trade.Source: US Department of Agriculture, Production, Supply and Distribution Database, Washington DC

Butter

Cheese

Skim milk powder

TABLE 6.15 Volume of imports of dairy products, by selected countries

76

Dairy products


2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016


Australia 2.0 22.0 42.0 46.0 49.0 64.0 77.0 67.0Canada 13.0 10.0 9.0 15.0 11.0 9.0 10.0 15.0European Union a 103 36.0 29.0 33.0 24.0 22.0 51.0 25.0New Zealand 36.0 29.0 48.0 48.0 54.0 53.0 82.0 86.0United States 60.0 37.0 48.0 69.0 51.0 47.0 70.0 75.0Total 257 176 213 247 231 250 342 319

Australia 19.0 29.0 16.0 18.0 24.0 34.0 33.0 43.0Canada 62.0 60.0 59.0 61.0 60.0 63.0 78.0 80.0New Zealand 55.0 40.0 62.0 50.0 50.0 64.0 65.0 45.0United States 439 475 450 464 458 462 520 543Total 643 694 685 691 692 769 838 845

Australia 32.0 54.0 81.0 75.0 96.0 62.0 55.0 54.0Canada 31.0 27.0 23.0 33.0 25.0 34.0 57.0 80.0European Union a 259 195 50.0 0.0 0.0 17.0 62.0 412New Zealand 50.0 51.0 54.0 70.0 83.0 113 110 78United States 60.0 66.0 75.0 83.0 61.0 109 93.0 102Total 556 502 452 431 383 513 606 968a Regarded as 28 countries. Source: US Department of Agriculture, Production, Supply and Distribution Database, Washington DC

Butter

Cheese

Skim milk powder

TABLE 6.16 Stocks of dairy products in principal producing countries

77

Farm input


Overdrafts

Australian for small 3-month

broadacre farms a businesses b bank bills c

% % %1973–74 na na 11.31974–75 na na 10.51975–76 na 10.5 8.61976–77 na 10.5 9.81977–78 9.2 10.5 10.31978–79 8.9 10.2 9.51979–80 9.2 10.1 11.01980–81 10.1 11.5 13.41981–82 11.5 13.7 16.81982–83 11.3 14.1 14.31983–84 12.0 13.8 11.91984–85 12.5 14.1 13.21985–86 15.4 17.3 16.71986–87 15.6 18.3 15.91987–88 13.9 15.1 11.91988–89 14.3 17.7 15.51989–90 16.7 20.3 17.01990–91 14.1 16.2 12.31991–92 12.0 12.8 8.21992–93 9.7 10.5 5.61993–94 9.3 9.6 4.91994–95 9.7 10.7 7.21995–96 10.4 11.4 7.51996–97 9.2 10.5 6.31997–98 8.3 8.8 5.01998–99 7.8 7.8 4.91999–2000 8.0 8.2 5.62000–01 8.6 9.0 5.82001–02 7.8 7.9 4.62002–03 7.3 8.2 4.82003–04 7.6 8.5 5.32004–05 7.2 8.8 5.52005–06 7.5 9.0 5.72006–07 7.8 9.6 6.32007–08 7.8 10.6 7.32008–09 7.7 10.0 4.82009–10 7.2 9.5 4.02010–11 7.0 10.5 4.92011–12 7.3 10.4 4.42012–13 7.0 9.5 3.22013–14 6.5 9.0 2.62014–15 6.0 8.8 2.52015–16 5.5 8.5 2.22016–17 5.0 8.3 1.8a Estimated average rate paid by all broadacre farms on all farm business debt for the year ended 30 June. Data for the lastest year shown is preliminary. b Refers to the midpoint of a range of rates that apply to the lowest risk borrowers for a range of banks. In practice many borrowers pay an additional risk margin. c 3-month bank accepted bills, average of monthly data from 1972-73 to 1975-76, average of daily data from 1976-77. Sources: ABARES; Reserve Bank of Australia, Statistics Tables F1 and F5

Major trading banks

TABLE 7.1 Indicative interest rates for the Australian farm sector

78

Farm input


Other Pastoral and Large finance Farm

All banks a government other finance institutional Other farm management

agencies b companies debt c debt d deposits

$m $m $m $m $m $m

1973–74 1,364 560 371 2,295 na na1974–75 1,452 612 279 2,343 na na1975–76 1,560 687 254 2,501 na na1976–77 1,651 745 200 2,596 na na1977–78 1,840 840 201 2,881 na na1978–79 2,072 915 244 3,231 na na1979–80 2,414 963 325 3,702 na na1980–81 3,161 801 325 4,287 na na1981–82 3,418 842 384 4,644 na na1982–83 3,980 1,049 385 5,414 na na1983–84 4,284 1,139 495 5,918 na na1984–85 5,254 1,230 601 7,085 na na1985–86 5,976 1,220 739 7,935 na na1986–87 5,705 1,515 1,345 8,566 na na1987–88 6,023 1,664 1,195 8,883 1,250 na1988–89 7,430 1,803 1,503 10,735 1,350 na1989–90 8,514 1,910 1,523 11,946 1,410 na1990–91 8,666 1,877 1,205 11,748 1,436 na1991–92 9,158 1,856 1,379 12,393 1,460 na1992–93 10,049 1,879 1,041 12,969 1,580 na1993–94 13,722 1,909 1,150 16,781 1,631 na1994–95 14,485 1,872 1,368 17,726 1,690 na1995–96 16,351 735 1,720 18,805 1,792 na1996–97 17,466 698 2,065 20,228 1,760 na1997–98 18,566 609 1,979 21,154 1,810 na1998–99 20,085 661 1,093 21,840 1,852 2291999–2000 23,240 663 2,527 26,430 1,901 5902000–01 25,174 701 2,639 28,514 1,920 1,0332001–02 26,829 711 2,691 30,231 1,967 2,0742002–03 28,957 867 1,628 31,452 2,017 2,4802003–04 34,115 891 3,379 38,385 2,067 2,6192004–05 39,261 977 3,112 43,350 na 2,7922005–06 43,546 1,073 3,454 48,073 na 2,7972006–07 47,188 1,286 4,592 53,066 na 2,7822007–08 53,743 1,409 5,126 60,278 na 2,8792008–09 57,384 1,615 4,462 63,461 na 2,8432009–10 58,097 1,811 2,029 61,937 na 2,7842010–11 60,184 1,871 2,010 64,065 na 3,2162011–12 59,749 2,076 1,801 63,626 na 3,5322012–13 61,778 2,236 1,569 65,583 na 3,7212013–14 62,461 2,451 1,486 66,397 na 4,1392014–15 64,966 878 1,463 67,307 na 4,6042015–16 66,912 977 1,622 69,511 na 5,0682016–17 68,557 1,142 1,987 71,686 na 6,095

Rural debt

a Derived from all banks lending to agriculture, fishing and forestry. b Includes the government agency business of state banks and advances made under War Service Land Settlement. Before 1996, includes loans from the Queensland Industry Development Corporation. From 1996, these loans are included in bank lending. c Sum of all banks, other government agencies and pastoral and other finance companies. d Includes loans from life insurance companies, lease agreements and indebtedness to hire purchase companies, trade creditors, private lenders and small financial institutions. Sources: ABARES; Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Canberra; Reserve Bank of Australia, Rural Debt by Lender, Statistical Table D9

TABLE 7.2 Rural indebtedness to fi nancial institutions

79

Farm input


Index of prices

Lead replacement a Unleaded b Off-road diesel c paid for fuel d

c/L c/L c/L1973–74 10.3 na 4.7 12.41974–75 11.7 na 6.0 15.11975–76 13.5 na 7.9 19.51976–77 15.7 na 9.0 22.21977–78 17.7 na 11.2 25.71978–79 20.9 na 14.9 32.81979–80 26.8 na 22.2 46.11980–81 31.9 na 27.8 57.61981–82 36.0 na 29.6 63.01982–83 43.8 na 33.2 72.71983–84 48.6 na 34.0 78.91984–85 49.2 na 36.1 84.21985–86 54.3 54.3 33.9 86.91986–87 55.1 55.1 30.8 86.01987–88 57.2 57.2 31.5 88.71988–89 56.2 56.2 27.2 80.41989–90 65.4 65.4 30.9 91.61990–91 74.4 74.4 36.4 106.01991–92 72.5 72.5 33.1 99.61992–93 74.5 74.5 35.1 104.11993–94 74.7 74.2 32.5 100.51994–95 78.4 76.4 38.4 96.61995–96 79.8 77.8 38.5 100.41996–97 81.9 79.9 40.6 104.91997–98 82.2 76.2 36.7 100.01998–99 80.4 73.6 32.4 104.11999–2000 94.1 85.1 41.2 148.62000–01 91.2 88.5 53.5 144.12001–02 84.6 81.3 46.8 128.32002–03 86.3 85.2 43.3 127.02003–04 99.6 86.0 55.0 144.32004–05 na 96.3 63.7 167.22005–06 na 115.3 82.8 210.62006–07 na 115.9 81.2 208.32007–08 na 127.6 98.5 243.72008–09 na 111.9 84.6 211.02009–10 na 110.0 73.3 191.72010–11 na 116.4 82.9 211.32011–12 na 125.7 89.5 228.22012–13 na 125.2 90.6 216.82013–14 na 132.8 99.0 221.12014–15 na 117.4 80.3 207.92015–16 na 104.1 61.8 167.92016–17 na 105.7 65.1 175.7a Leaded petrol phased out 1 January 2002. Lead replacement petrol introduced 1 January 2002. b Petrol price paid at the pump, excludes GST, includes subsidies. c Average diesel price paid by Australian farmers, excludes GST and farm rebates, includes subsidies. d Base: 1997–98 = 100. Sources: ABARES; Ampol; Australian Taxation Office; Caltex Australia; Shell Australia; other unpublished sources

Petrol

TABLE 7.3 Australian farm fuel prices

80

Farm input


Contract Shearing Rural Average weekly Consumer

rates b rates c wages d earnings price index

% % % % %1973–74 30.4 30.2 29.6 16.2 12.71974–75 42.1 44.1 41.8 26.6 16.91975–76 13.5 9.6 13.4 15.7 12.81976–77 12.6 10.5 12.6 14.7 13.71977–78 10.2 8.2 10.1 10.3 9.81978–79 5.2 6.7 5.3 8.4 8.01979–80 7.6 12.6 7.6 8.5 10.31980–81 9.2 9.8 9.1 12.6 9.31981–82 9.2 7.7 9.2 12.3 10.41982–83 14.4 7.9 11.0 13.1 11.51983–84 4.3 5.9 7.3 7.1 6.91984–85 9.6 9.7 9.5 5.1 4.31985–86 0 5.9 0 5.9 8.41986–87 10.5 1.1 10.5 6.2 9.31987–88 3.8 3.2 3.7 6.1 7.41988–89 23.4 11.2 7.5 6.8 7.31989–90 8.7 6.5 6.4 6.6 8.11990–91 5.3 1.4 9.6 5.9 5.31991–92 4.5 4.0 6.2 2.9 1.91992–93 2.7 1.5 3.5 2.0 1.01993–94 0 0.1 1.0 2.9 1.81994–95 2.4 0.8 1.3 3.4 3.21995–96 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.5 4.31996–97 2.3 1.5 2.2 2.9 1.31997–98 2.9 1.9 2.7 3.1 – 01998–99 3.9 5.7 3.6 2.4 1.31999–2000 4.0 3.0 2.5 2.2 2.42000–01 7.8 3.6 3.6 5.3 6.02001–02 2.5 1.8 2.4 4.0 2.92002–03 4.4 3.4 4.0 4.3 3.02003–04 7.6 5.6 3.8 4.6 2.42004–05 6.3 4.1 3.9 4.2 2.42005–06 4.5 3.4 3.6 4.9 3.22006–07 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.5 3.02007–08 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.9 3.42008–09 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.8 3.12009–10 1.0 2.4 1.0 5.3 2.32010–11 4.8 6.1 4.6 4.0 3.12011–12 3.4 3.0 3.4 4.1 2.32012–13 2.9 2.4 2.9 4.9 2.32013–14 2.6 2.4 2.6 2.3 2.72014–15 3.1 2.7 3.0 1.3 1.72015–16 2.5 4.8 2.5 1.8 1.42016–17 3.3 7.1 2.4 1.6 1.7a Percentage change from previous year. b Base rural wages (Station hand grade 1/ Farming & Livestock hand 1) plus casual employment loading of 25 per cent (as of 31 October 2004), 22.5 per cent (November 2003 to October 2004), 17.5 per cent from September 1988. Prior to September 1988 people could be employed on a daily (casual) basis (as opposed to weekly) and the payment was equivalent to 1/5th of the Station hand grade 1 rate only. c Based on price per 100 flock sheep. d Base rural wages for Station hand grade 1/Farming & Livestock hand 1.Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Average Weekly Earnings, Australia, cat. no. 6302.0, Canberra (derived from average weekly earnings for all employees series); ABS, Consumer Price Index , cat. no. 6401.0, Canberra; Fairwork Australia, Pastoral Industry Award 2010 (MA000035), formerly Pastoral Industry Award 1998 (Transitional) 2006, Pastoral Industry Award 1998 (AW792378), PO143 Pastoral Industry Award 1995, Pastoral Industry Award 1986, 1970, 1965

TABLE 7.4 Australian wages and the consumer price index a

81

Farm input


Under

30 kW30–90 kW

Over

90 kWTotal

Under

30 kW30–90 kW

Over

90 kWTotal

no. no. no. no. $m $m $m $m

1991–92 1,430 3,642 825 5,897 na na na na1992–93 1,290 3,633 965 5,888 21.4 198 117 3361993–94 1,200 4,235 1,152 6,587 21.4 208 148 3781994–95 1,050 4,806 1,335 7,191 19.2 249 177 4441995–96 1,017 4,652 1,982 7,651 19.3 257 276 5531996–97 1,131 4,666 2,736 8,533 21.4 276 402 6991997–98 1,057 4,657 2,896 8,610 21.0 283 443 7471998–99 1,119 4,993 2,361 8,473 25.4 337 420 7821999–2000 1,185 4,753 2,107 8,045 28.6 289 335 6532000–01 1,151 3,997 1,431 6,579 28.2 273 263 5652001–02 1,119 5,284 1,784 8,187 30.9 397 352 7792002–03 1,326 5,634 2,025 8,985 30.4 379 388 7972003–04 1,965 5,980 2,655 10,600 40.6 434 516 9912004–05 2,357 6,979 3,068 12,404 48.5 499 612 1,1592005–06 2,724 7,275 2,547 12,546 54.0 509 498 1,0612006–07 2,635 6,109 1,542 10,286 54.3 393 294 7412007–08 3,095 6,924 1,831 11,850 65.2 448 355 8682008–09 3,546 7,318 2,288 13,152 75.7 475 467 1,0182009–10 3,571 6,472 2,231 12,274 78.5 464 495 1,0382010–11 3,635 5,322 1,933 10,890 77.2 368 449 8942011–12 4,080 6,351 2,162 12,593 87.3 422 515 1,0242012–13 3,982 5,842 2,356 12,180 82.0 386 554 1,0222013–14 3,688 5,402 2,447 11,537 74.1 360 573 1,0072014–15 3,980 5,741 2,388 12,109 77.5 385 603 1,0662015–16 3,658 6,049 2,174 11,881 74.2 466 646 1,1872016–17 3,751 6,450 2,154 12,355 78.9 504 681 1,264a Tractor power ratings refer to power take-off, power in kilowatts. Source: Agriview, Victoria, Australia

By power segment, by volume a By power segment, by value

TABLE 7.5 Australian tractor sales, by type

82

Farm input


Harvesting/ Harvesting/

Tillage haymaking Seeding Tillage haymaking Seeding

Tractors machinery machinery machinery Tractors machinery machinery machinery

$’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’0001973–74 41,606 1,008 9,495 572 411 3,016 9,453 1,1111974–75 84,148 2,787 21,815 674 790 6,975 15,628 2,2471975–76 116,290 3,215 21,164 665 2,440 5,889 12,080 6261976–77 149,663 8,275 38,867 1,177 946 3,314 16,954 7471977–78 110,697 8,338 46,932 1,744 1,165 4,775 8,888 2,2931978–79 111,518 7,991 37,021 1,759 2,064 2,178 10,431 8731979–80 169,008 10,472 62,964 2,316 3,742 2,578 12,268 1,4811980–81 198,398 11,206 83,650 3,847 8,053 3,733 24,308 9,0091981–82 260,771 14,252 89,061 3,362 6,638 6,224 12,897 4,0021982–83 149,386 8,558 52,568 2,529 7,852 2,157 11,357 2,0361983–84 174,936 10,585 109,281 3,516 4,804 1,935 4,764 2,2361984–85 241,827 16,372 119,629 4,074 2,201 1,215 6,635 2,5781985–86 198,476 9,822 68,493 3,555 7,352 1,268 13,745 5,9451986–87 58,178 4,333 22,588 1,969 5,255 767 8,660 1,3331987–88 124,132 7,528 39,628 4,189 2,892 1,214 18,183 6091988–89 231,955 10,464 86,184 5,567 1,151 1,614 8,587 4171989–90 271,399 15,627 96,269 5,913 1,576 1,133 13,115 8891990–91 148,351 8,875 64,383 4,045 2,329 2,536 11,747 3351991–92 91,061 4,529 43,398 4,002 3,320 3,726 12,256 1,0131992–93 178,920 9,925 72,592 5,011 3,472 2,232 18,696 1,1981993–94 245,154 11,352 118,367 6,835 2,666 2,952 32,545 8561994–95 312,964 12,137 142,121 10,342 3,151 1,764 34,019 1,5471995–96 366,038 19,344 170,314 14,505 2,419 2,933 44,451 1,5291996–97 454,201 22,925 253,465 22,501 3,404 2,787 34,327 1,9611997–98 512,157 21,937 243,733 30,525 2,975 1,446 36,820 1,4121998–99 515,845 21,205 241,246 24,967 2,165 2,520 33,235 1,1041999–2000 416,136 18,868 230,129 24,214 2,348 2,820 33,891 6732000–01 376,921 12,393 229,102 19,085 4,054 5,230 25,744 1,3882001–02 477,563 16,483 161,411 29,197 5,720 3,386 46,610 1,2142002–03 504,775 14,439 225,839 31,722 4,001 1,048 29,754 2,4982003–04 596,319 18,630 249,527 33,546 2,983 1,302 30,528 1,4262004–05 664,085 17,760 278,682 39,942 16,212 1,114 13,441 1,4582005–06 567,629 13,487 236,394 28,691 13,117 1,814 6,804 6102006–07 420,186 13,608 191,337 21,320 11,842 2,737 6,930 1,6342007–08 466,924 14,767 164,562 33,465 17,619 5,269 6,182 7972008–09 682,536 25,756 330,293 67,377 14,069 8,334 8,313 2,2772009–10 663,418 26,565 367,282 60,220 10,317 10,170 8,396 2,4882010–11 383,309 17,407 244,900 26,480 13,888 8,026 7,056 1,3782011–12 655,941 29,363 443,683 53,350 28,400 7,259 11,154 9982012–13 579,007 21,563 368,037 52,381 12,734 10,751 8,287 2,9792013–14 564,699 24,717 291,710 74,187 13,860 13,768 9,338 6,3882014–15 565,026 23,335 313,690 68,766 11,551 10,483 11,781 1,2872015–16 765,209 35,140 402,121 77,943 15,978 6,045 10,608 3,5332016–17 709,575 35,011 477,719 94,323 11,600 7,651 18,367 1,369a free on board at port of origin.Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra

Imports a Exports

TABLE 7.6 Value of Australian trade in selected farm machinery

83

Farm input


Fungicides/ Index of

plant growth Animal health prices paid

Herbicides ab regulants ab Insecticides ab products a for chemicals c

$’000 $’000 $’000 $’0001980 94,301 17,551 34,986 88,552 58.01981 108,837 20,167 37,046 92,022 61.01982 109,722 19,744 37,957 91,810 62.71983 159,888 28,829 42,905 118,443 66.21984 192,830 29,536 53,906 137,878 70.31985 207,226 30,165 52,659 155,542 76.71986 216,820 34,845 60,233 171,839 84.31987 284,445 43,332 86,861 188,546 89.41988 366,727 46,622 104,395 284,375 89.41989 402,573 60,614 93,075 283,240 91.21990 398,336 57,856 115,108 267,017 93.21991 354,058 55,013 118,383 211,000 96.41992 463,104 87,699 120,688 247,823 97.51993 501,051 97,286 130,808 266,334 98.01994 421,457 79,710 130,823 259,940 97.21995 503,700 86,400 189,300 271,500 97.91996 600,500 101,300 251,600 285,000 98.11997 713,601 123,698 268,380 302,000 99.01998 833,987 138,570 328,270 431,033 1001999 895,868 149,892 361,409 476,960 1002000 883,677 155,525 326,686 511,580 1022001 812,503 162,729 352,702 540,162 1032002 694,164 135,525 194,317 551,726 1062003 916,272 161,830 300,576 597,882 1082004 996,719 170,107 374,194 607,748 1102004–05 908,519 185,120 321,139 620,744 1122005–06 960,751 179,536 326,735 674,521 1152006–07 915,018 133,016 261,791 707,383 1252007–08 1,411,357 145,991 246,888 739,973 1502008–09 1,067,038 189,867 287,476 754,017 1372009–10 1,192,623 182,085 329,894 820,437 1162010–11 1,251,779 271,618 431,265 897,180 1102011–12 1,301,905 256,096 481,349 944,350 1132012–13 1,261,772 202,466 411,108 938,993 1102013–14 1,481,453 215,015 417,454 934,099 1142014–15 1,545,493 236,755 444,536 954,864 1152015–16 1,716,797 290,915 404,813 873,893 116a For the years to 1995, data are based on sales at the factory gate. These figures do not include sales from non-AVCARE members but are likely to represent about 90 per cent of actual total sales. For the years from 2005, data are on a financial basis. b For the years after 1997, figures refer to total Australian sales as recorded by the APVMA. c Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics benchmark data. Sources: ABARES; Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Australia (APVMA); National Association for Crop Protection & Animal Health (AVCARE); National Registration Authority (NRA)

TABLE 7.7 Australian sales and prices of agricultural chemicals, by product type

84

Farm input


Index of

Single Diammonium Ammonium Potassium prices paid

superphosphate b phosphate b sulphate c chloride c Urea c for fertiliser d

$/t $/t $/t $/t $/t1973–74 19.2 113 61.0 83.8 87.2 13.71974–75 54.6 na 103 103 121 30.81975–76 55.6 215 105 129 141 27.31976–77 53.2 135 91.8 109 154 28.01977–78 59.0 na 104 112 175 29.41978–79 56.8 248 112 118 185 32.11979–80 70.7 297 129 145 246 39.01980–81 83.4 338 149 176 274 46.51981–82 92.8 338 157 187 269 51.31982–83 101 334 156 181 261 52.61983–84 105 323 176 207 286 56.01984–85 118 342 218 267 322 62.21985–86 131 378 209 271 280 68.31986–87 128 339 211 279 276 67.01987–88 133 379 212 294 303 68.31988–89 155 396 229 329 340 76.91989–90 166 365 260 341 324 82.41990–91 177 389 276 362 390 85.01991–92 180 385 290 369 381 90.31992–93 173 369 293 368 390 88.71993–94 175 344 298 374 383 87.11994–95 179 417 319 372 456 89.61995–96 184 449 326 369 480 98.21996–97 179 460 318 363 435 99.21997–98 197 498 343 409 381 100.01998–99 197 488 339 438 334 102.71999–2000 198 442 361 475 372 99.82000–01 210 475 377 511 444 106.42001–02 223 455 404 406 376 104.32002–03 234 448 399 413 363 104.52003–04 223 459 344 387 377 103.62004–05 220 469 341 429 442 108.82005–06 228 532 377 442 471 111.62006–07 241 650 385 472 512 121.42007–08 446 1,129 611 883 852 220.42008–09 510 1,336 680 1,140 878 239.62009–10 351 753 416 926 531 156.02010–11 360 843 433 708 563 157.32011–12 346 832 492 709 653 165.52012–13 349 747 459 692 606 157.92013–14 na na na na na 153.22014–15 na na na na na 154.72015–16 na na na na na 157.82016–17 na na na na na 134.1a Average price paid by Australian farmers to 30 June. b Bulk price. c Bagged price to 2001, bulk price from 2002. d Based on a four quarter average for the year ending 30 June. Sources: ABARES; Department of Primary Industry, Chemical Fertilisers in Australia, AGPS, Canberra; Farm Weekly, Budget Guide; Stock Journal, Farm Budget Guide; The Land, Farm Costs Guide; Other unpublished sources

TABLE 7.8 Australian fertiliser prices, by type a

85

Farm input


Triple

Phosphate Diammonium super-

rock a Sulphur b phosphate c phosphate c Ammonia d Urea d Potash e

A$/t A$/t A$/t A$/t A$/t A$/t A$/t1981–82 38.0 106 168 140 198 192 91.71982–83 40.0 106 187 158 231 177 80.91983–84 36.3 99.3 211 160 232 166 85.91984–85 40.9 173 230 179 293 241 1131985–86 45.5 197 243 204 210 138 1141986–87 45.4 171 226 197 152 129 98.91987–88 48.5 131 253 227 141 155 1071988–89 51.1 130 238 216 133 170 1161989–90 55.9 110 211 179 79.9 161 1261990–91 59.7 124 231 201 178 211 1241991–92 61.6 82.4 211 174 163 209 1431992–93 67.5 56.3 184 189 149 209 1611993–94 60.0 47.2 203 196 218 191 1631994–95 54.4 74.7 243 215 333 257 1521995–96 54.7 62.9 271 239 261 272 1481996–97 51.4 41.7 239 245 277 239 1441997–98 53.4 44.8 274 275 233 190 1661998–99 63.9 40.8 295 287 193 168 1801999–2000 70.1 64.2 244 232 227 190 1792000–01 82.0 56.6 283 267 430 312 2102001–02 84.1 46.5 271 250 286 217 2152002–03 75.6 80.4 283 260 357 253 1932003–04 61.9 101 276 252 395 267 1582004–05 58.5 95.8 306 274 416 343 1922005–06 58.9 103 351 297 503 350 2182006–07 56.0 68.5 396 336 414 374 2422007–08 150 184 788 399 514 480 2942008–09 477 239 925 229 630 585 8052009–10 102 89.5 431 na 384 354 4762010–11 131 153 566 238 506 395 3342011–12 181 186 567 426 568 528 4482012–13 171 158 508 468 694 444 4252013–14 112 116 473 433 556 418 3782014–15 141 181 573 509 741 418 3422015–16 163 148 563 511 561 386 4142016–17 134 105 457 406 381 311 289a US Gulf 68 BPL for the period to 31 December 1997. Data after March 1998 refer to North Africa. b Vancouver spot. c fob US Gulf. d fob Middle East for the period to 30 June 1993 when data from this source became unavailable. Data after 30 June 1993 refer to fob US Gulf. e Vancouver standard muriate. Source: Derived from data in Pike and Fischer, Green Markets, Maryland, US

TABLE 7.9 World fertiliser indicator prices

86

Farm input


Phosphorous Nitrogen Potassium

(P) (N) (K)

kt kt kt1973 452 176 86.61974 232 178 76.91975 223 167 60.51976 324 208 82.81977 346 177 83.01978 386 215 93.01979 400 245 1091980 375 248 1061981 362 250 1141982 335 258 1051983 326 305 1171984 336 344 1171985 301 340 1081986 320 333 1131987 384 363 1221988 371 393 1331989 348 440 1351990 255 439 1211991 299 462 1181992 344 488 1221993 339 565 1461994 406 583 1821995 425 671 1921996 434 825 1711997 480 839 2111998 457 979 1931999 464 1,082 1792000 487 951 1802001 522 1,034 2012002 470 972 1792003 445 933 1832004 487 1,057 2152005 455 952 1842006 433 858 1862007 432 848 1892008 360 835 1772009 282 850 1302010 359 982 1382011 384 1,099 1492011–12 386 1,125 1562012–13 368 1,222 1742013–14 396 1,405 1922014–15 405 1,303 1992015–16 414 1,474 2122016–17 428 1,494 227Sources: ABARES; Fertiliser Industry Federation of Australia; International Fertilizer Association

TABLE 7.10 Australian fertiliser consumption, by element

87

Farm input


Phosphorous Nitrogen Potassium

(P) (N) (K)

kt kt kt1988-89 93.2 195 1481989-90 124 253 1431990-91 134 260 1221991-92 172 265 1201992–93 204 298 1261993–94 196 375 1421994–95 225 384 1811995–96 264 442 1771996–97 281 570 1601997–98 312 632 2091998–99 306 671 1691999–2000 294 814 1722000–01 281 680 1692001–02 260 723 1982002–03 242 620 2002003–04 242 655 1952004–05 313 749 2212005–06 223 583 1772006–07 150 463 1412007–08 216 625 2102008–09 167 547 1532009–10 171 628 1282010–11 267 739 1302011–12 205 869 1322012–13 192 949 1472013–14 262 1,031 1382014–15 284 1,055 2172015–16 322 997 1572016–17 254 1,392 188a Data are based on an average percentage of elemental nutrients (P, N and K) contained in the main imported products: urea, SOA, UAN, DAP, MAP, TSP, SSP, MOP and SOP.Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra

TABLE 7.11 Volume of Australian imports of fertiliser, by element a

88

Farm input


Phosphate rock

Christmas

Canada Other Island China Morocco Nauru Togo Other Total

kt kt kt kt kt kt kt kt kt1973–74 381 23.0 955 na na na na na 3,1041974–75 502 78.0 1,002 na na na na na 2,6391975–76 180 26.0 503 na na na na na 1,4611976–77 381 26.0 567 na na na na na 1,3191977–78 470 26.0 487 na na na na na 1,6101978–79 337 99.0 543 na na na na na 1,7561979–80 627 60.0 674 na na na na na 1,9361980–81 552 4.0 624 na na na na na 2,2321981–82 459 0.0 780 na 25.0 na na na 2,3601982–83 371 21.0 699 na na na na na 2,1111983–84 470 0.0 456 na 25.0 na na na 1,6881984–85 420 1.0 533 na 111 na na na 1,7621985–86 458 0.0 506 na 103 na na na 1,9211986–87 329 1.0 370 na 66.0 na na na 1,4591987–88 462 11.0 240 na 262 na na na 1,8081988–89 506 12.6 0.0 0.0 310 1,203 162 562 2,2371989–90 382 12.9 0.0 0.0 236 768 171 256 1,4301990–91 108 9.4 0.0 0.0 93.2 224 24.8 134 4761991–92 38.4 6.1 0.0 0.0 na 257 0.0 218 4741992–93 79.4 20.5 0.0 0.0 62.3 355 31.4 401 8491993–94 71.1 0.3 13.3 0.0 144 203 32.8 383 7761994–95 122 21.7 22.0 0.0 182 178 177 508 1,0671995–96 114 30.8 46.8 32.0 136 191 0.0 505 9111996–97 113 32.3 79.8 49.6 104 167 0.0 505 9061997–98 126 4.9 126 78.6 238 153 0.0 464 1,0601998–99 231 94.2 146 43.9 273 88.2 0.0 332 8841999–2000 255 7.5 75.7 107 239 106 0.0 228 7562000–01 435 46.2 41.9 293 278 119 0.0 91.3 8232001–02 539 4.4 25.6 266 257 27.3 243 114 9332002–03 559 35.7 9.5 200 150 16.2 244 90.7 7112003–04 660 23.9 44.0 179 198 0.0 253 48.8 7232004–05 568 24.0 37.9 210 381 0.0 163 5.4 7972005–06 543 6.7 101 85.6 405 0.0 48.1 14.8 6552006–07 521 5.7 60.7 23.3 343 27.0 0.0 18.3 4722007–08 838 4.6 52.1 55.1 438 112 0.0 49.2 7072008–09 645 23.9 59.5 15.2 284 86.0 0.0 94.5 5402009–10 386 9.6 11.0 0.8 72.8 0.0 0.0 0.3 84.92010–11 603 44.9 35.0 0.3 288 74.4 0.0 10.5 4082011–12 708 77.3 35.0 1.0 183 72.3 0.0 27.5 3192012–13 887 137 34.0 0.0 183 60.0 0.0 146 4232013–14 899 134 48.3 0.0 60.0 86.6 0.0 145 3402014–15 923 134 18.0 0.1 66.1 36.8 122 151 3942015–16 663 260 21.0 0.0 65.7 85.1 98.8 251 5212016–17 648 365 0.0 10.2 108 34.2 139 115 407Sources: Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra; Department of Primary Industry, Chemical Fertilisers in Australia, AGPS, Canberra

Sulphur

TABLE 7.12 Volume of Australian imports of raw materials for fertiliser production, by source

89

Farm input


Imports Exports

Diammonium Monoammonium Other Potassic Nitrogen Ammonium

Superphosphates phosphate phosphate ammonium Urea fertiliser fertiliser phosphates

kt kt kt kt kt kt kt kt1973–74 1.8 0.0 0.0 4.1 0.1 na 37.9 0.01974–75 0.3 0.0 0.0 6.5 4.3 na 7.3 0.01975–76 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.3 4.7 na 47.9 0.01976–77 20.7 0.0 0.0 6.3 17.9 na 1.2 0.01977–78 10.1 0.0 0.0 9.4 10.2 na 7.2 0.01978–79 66.3 0.2 0.0 8.9 16.7 na 8.2 0.01979–80 0.0 2.2 0.0 30.7 41.2 na 24.2 0.01980–81 0.0 51.2 9.0 38.7 40.2 na 22.9 0.01981–82 0.0 50.5 8.9 62.7 43.2 na 18.5 0.01982–83 25.2 184 32.4 22.7 76.6 na 21.2 0.01983–84 35.1 258 45.9 14.7 64.0 na 4.5 0.01984–85 55.4 307 54.4 46.3 138 na 34.6 0.01985–86 48.1 229 40.2 41.7 144 na 6.2 0.01986–87 76.4 202 38.2 80.3 177 na 10.3 0.01987–88 88.4 125 15.3 98.9 212 na 16.1 0.11988–89 97.3 250 103 113 255 299 46.5 0.11989–90 114 320 164 78.6 362 290 48.3 0.11990–91 158 347 141 42.9 389 247 96.6 0.11991–92 264 355 206 90.2 364 244 61.0 0.81992–93 250 483 250 117 367 258 50.9 0.21993–94 204 501 238 134 527 301 76.7 0.41994–95 307 548 233 125 554 368 66.9 0.41995–96 269 715 291 154 595 366 40.1 0.31996–97 336 706 317 197 851 329 33.1 0.11997–98 352 757 392 118 953 435 44.2 0.21998–99 285 772 414 78.5 1,038 357 68.9 0.61999–2000 240 570 580 74.9 1,400 353 75.3 23.02000–01 224 447 647 22.6 1,140 346 117 2842001–02 280 271 659 75.5 1,296 417 101 1802002–03 188 237 691 72.0 1,073 433 173 2562003–04 163 212 741 62.1 1,157 447 136 2652004–05 232 287 926 180 1,289 497 206 3142005–06 310 202 528 144 1,056 404 187 3122006–07 166 83.0 443 108 795 306 269 1552007–08 107 313 583 114 1,032 465 311 2372008–09 107 214 455 228 885 331 399 4812009–10 160 203 433 200 1,069 274 355 4392010–11 297 185 753 167 1,267 298 292 3882011–12 90.6 142 704 403 1,456 292 147 4842012–13 134 214 544 280 1,707 332 81.1 4482013–14 190 231 786 364 1,820 307 38.8 2272014–15 258 243 808 233 1,924 454 67.2 3732015–16 344 199 943 193 1,788 331 54.1 5622016–17 245 135 951 229 2,592 394 83.8 419Sources: Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra; Department of Primary Industry, Chemical Fertilisers in Australia, AGPS, Canberra

TABLE 7.13 Volume of Australian trade in manufactured fertiliser, by type

90

Farm input


Triple Diammonium onoammonium Potassic Phosphate

superphosphate phosphate phosphate Sulphate Nitrate Urea fertiliser rock


2011–12 10.7 12.8 94.0 1.7 61.7 141 8.4 0.02012–13 8.6 7.7 62.8 1.2 56.6 177 8.6 0.02013–14 37.6 14.2 87.5 11.7 45.9 171 6.7 0.02014–15 53.6 12.8 86.3 6.7 12.1 210 14.2 0.02015–16 105 13.4 115 8.0 4.9 235 11.0 0.02016–17 65.4 7.2 111 5.3 20.3 357 7.8 0.0

2011–12 43.5 31.4 261 67.8 7.3 494 65.4 1642012–13 73.6 64.4 218 45.9 10.8 579 91.5 2242013–14 119 95.1 304 22.1 12.2 724 108 2032014–15 133 88.8 316 46.9 13.9 742 127 2542015–16 163 88.4 294 45.0 14.4 550 124 2822016–17 90.3 43.3 286 50.2 5.1 947 117 206

2011–12 0.0 3.2 16.6 5.4 175 331 102 0.02012–13 0.0 5.8 14.6 5.1 93.9 317 117 0.02013–14 0.1 4.5 18.8 7.8 45.0 270 106 0.02014–15 0.0 5.2 24.6 8.5 23.5 239 134 0.02015–16 0.4 5.4 37.3 14.4 20.6 274 102 0.02016–17 5.9 0.8 38.7 15.0 42.4 377 144 0.1

2011–12 0.0 40.5 74.3 13.3 4.1 167 7.2 0.02012–13 0.0 76.8 39.7 3.1 0.9 223 8.9 0.02013–14 8.5 68.4 54.5 21.3 1.7 265 9.9 0.02014–15 16.0 80.8 54.9 13.7 0.6 246 9.0 0.02015–16 27.1 46.7 101 11.0 2.0 152 8.9 0.02016–17 18.1 44.3 72.2 11.0 1.5 272 12.2 0.0

2011–12 36.4 53.7 258 19.6 47.5 304 92.3 1032012–13 45.5 49.9 205 3.8 59.1 389 86.8 86.42013–14 24.4 43.4 319 3.3 193 367 57.7 66.12014–15 50.6 45.0 320 15.6 91.9 457 142 71.22015–16 42.6 39.7 393 6.1 65.6 550 62.0 1112016–17 54.6 33.0 442 20.0 54.4 606 96.7 95.8

2011–12 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 18.1 15.9 52.62012–13 5.9 9.3 4.2 0.0 0.0 22.1 18.5 1132013–14 0.0 5.6 2.2 0.0 0.0 23.3 18.0 70.12014–15 4.5 10.7 5.6 0.0 0.0 30.2 28.3 68.72015–16 5.6 5.7 1.4 1.4 0.0 26.2 22.7 1282016–17 11.1 6.7 1.6 3.6 0.0 34.2 15.9 105

2011–12 90.6 142 704 108 295 1,456 292 3192012–13 134 214 544 59.2 221 1,707 332 4232013–14 190 231 786 66.2 298 1,820 307 3402014–15 258 243 808 91.4 142 1,924 454 3942015–16 344 199 943 85.9 107 1,788 331 5212016–17 245 135 951 105 124 2,592 394 407

Australia

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra

Ammonium fertilisers

New South Wales

Victoria

Queensland

South Australia

Western Australia

Tasmania

TABLE 7.14 Volume of Australian fertiliser imports, by state

91

Farm input


Triple Diammonium Monoammonium Potassic Phosphate

superphosphate phosphate phosphate Sulphate Nitrate Urea fertiliser rock

$m $m $m $m $m $m $m $m

2011–12 3.0 7.1 52.7 0.5 31.0 65.2 4.9 0.02012–13 2.4 3.9 30.2 0.3 25.3 70.9 5.4 0.02013–14 7.3 6.5 41.9 2.9 19.9 61.4 4.4 0.02014–15 9.4 7.7 48.7 1.9 4.9 74.2 7.3 0.02015–16 22.7 7.3 61.6 2.3 2.4 74.6 7.0 0.02016–17 15.2 3.2 47.1 1.3 9.0 103 4.5 0.0

2011–12 16.7 16.4 147 20.0 3.4 238 31.6 24.42012–13 14.2 31.1 108 12.7 4.7 229 42.5 34.72013–14 24.0 46.4 143 6.1 5.7 255 43.9 27.72014–15 29.1 51.9 183 12.7 6.5 259 57.2 36.72015–16 34.9 44.6 151 12.6 6.6 177 58.8 49.82016–17 21.7 20.3 123 12.1 2.4 265 42.9 25.6

2011–12 0.0 2.1 8.8 1.6 85.7 153 49.3 0.02012–13 0.0 2.7 8.2 1.6 43.3 128 56.6 0.02013–14 0.0 2.3 10.3 2.2 18.4 95.5 48.0 0.02014–15 0.0 3.2 16.3 2.3 10.4 87.7 62.4 0.02015–16 0.2 1.7 20.7 3.7 7.5 93.0 54.4 0.02016–17 1.3 0.5 18.4 3.3 14.4 107 51.6 0.2

2011–12 0.0 21.1 40.9 3.7 1.9 76.4 4.1 0.02012–13 0.0 37.5 20.0 0.9 0.4 88.5 5.0 0.02013–14 1.6 30.3 25.2 5.6 0.8 95.6 6.1 0.02014–15 3.4 48.1 32.5 3.8 0.1 89.3 6.3 0.02015–16 7.9 24.0 55.3 2.9 0.8 45.0 6.2 0.02016–17 3.9 19.8 32.9 2.7 0.7 77.2 6.6 0.0

2011–12 14.8 28.3 143 5.5 21.1 129 48.0 20.42012–13 17.4 24.7 102 1.3 26.6 153 42.0 13.52013–14 6.0 20.1 147 1.2 87.7 132 26.6 9.82014–15 16.3 28.6 181 5.2 43.3 173 61.8 9.72015–16 12.8 22.2 212 1.9 30.5 167 32.1 17.92016–17 13.1 15.0 182 4.6 23.7 179 38.5 13.8

2011–12 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.6 7.6 10.32012–13 1.9 4.6 2.1 0.0 0.0 8.7 8.3 15.62013–14 0.0 2.8 1.3 0.0 0.0 7.9 6.8 10.32014–15 1.9 6.3 3.4 0.0 0.0 10.4 10.9 8.72015–16 2.5 3.1 1.5 0.4 0.0 8.7 10.2 18.92016–17 3.6 2.9 1.0 0.8 0.0 9.8 5.0 13.0

2011–12 34.4 75.0 393 31.3 143 670 145 55.22012–13 36.1 105 270 16.9 100 678 160 63.92013–14 39.0 108 369 18.1 133 647 136 47.92014–15 60.2 146 465 25.9 65.2 694 206 55.22015–16 81.2 103 501 23.7 47.8 566 169 86.72016–17 58.8 61.7 405 24.7 50.1 740 149 52.6

Western Australia

Tasmania

Australia

a fob at port of origin. Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra

Ammonium fertilisers

New South Wales

Victoria

Queensland

South Australia

TABLE 7.15 Value of Australian fertiliser imports, by state a

92

Fisheries


Unit 2009–10 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16

Tuna a $m 125 139 172 176 147 161 171Salmonids b $m 369 427 514 518 543 631 718Other $m 465 430 457 446 405 435 523Total $m 960 997 1,143 1,140 1,094 1,227 1,411

Prawn $m 325 308 267 278 339 365 388Rock lobster $m 381 392 394 439 588 668 695Other $m 65.5 66.4 67.3 64.5 63.9 65.1 63.6Total $m 772 767 728 782 991 1,098 1,146

Abalone $m 173 178 170 178 164 164 160Scallop $m 23.4 22.1 8.3 14.7 11.3 11.3 14.0Oyster $m 101 97.3 90.1 93.5 91.3 93.0 97.0Other $m 31.1 31.5 33.1 64.0 48.7 64.9 66.1Total $m 433 448 403 405 361 377 391

Other nei $m 27.3 35.5 31.0 58.6 27.1 67.7 77.3Total value a $m 2,192 2,247 2,305 2,386 2,473 2,769 3,026

Tuna a kt 11.0 9.1 10.1 10.6 10.7 12.4 14.2Salmonids b kt 32.0 36.8 44.2 43.0 41.8 48.6 56.3Other kt 121 112 113 107 102 102 123Total kt 164 158 167 160 154 163 193

Prawn kt 27.3 27.2 22.5 21.3 25.0 25.5 24.6Rock lobster kt 10.1 9.9 9.1 10.3 10.5 10.3 10.1Crab kt 5.3 5.8 5.0 4.7 5.0 5.0 4.7Other kt 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5Total kt 43.3 43.4 37.2 36.9 41.0 41.4 39.9

Abalone kt 5.0 5.2 5.1 5.0 4.7 4.6 4.2Scallop kt 7.6 7.0 3.6 6.8 4.4 4.3 5.0Oyster kt 14.9 13.9 12.6 12.4 11.6 12.8 11.3Squid kt 1.6 2.1 3.1 2.9 1.2 1.9 2.3Other kt 4.7 4.4 4.8 5.1 4.7 5.3 5.3Total kt 33.9 32.6 29.1 32.2 26.6 28.9 28.1

Other nei kt 2.6 3.8 3.1 3.8 1.6 5.8 4.9Total quantity a kt 243 238 237 233 223 239 266a To avoid double counting, total has been reduced to allow for southern bluefin tuna caught in the Commonwealth SouthernBluefin Tuna Fishery, as an input to farms in South Australia. b Includes salmon and trout production.Source: ABARES

Fish

Crustaceans

Molluscs

Fish

Crustaceans

Molluscs

Value

Quantity

TABLE 8.1 Summary of Australian fi sheries production

93

Fisheries


2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17

Value $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000

Live a 33,372 31,953 30,664 34,174 29,862 30,179 31,576Tuna 131,388 162,703 162,636 135,539 150,993 163,255 144,489Salmonids b 54,437 41,779 25,402 17,396 48,142 79,936 58,914Swordfish 4,464 4,241 3,929 3,921 4,404 6,904 7,530Whiting 4,979 2,535 1,355 189 55.7 18.8 54.0Other fish 58,143 46,166 34,179 34,216 37,736 74,333 63,516Total 286,784 289,377 258,166 225,434 271,192 354,626 306,077

Rock lobster 369,271 386,710 447,263 590,293 691,232 693,199 676,348Prawns 77,096 66,677 51,797 100,976 94,166 114,384 114,448Abalone 212,036 197,255 185,996 170,043 173,753 181,982 187,210Scallop 15,423 15,347 10,792 13,576 10,674 11,698 11,970Crab 13,440 10,961 8,155 5,534 7,948 7,614 7,707Other 16,296 34,391 40,171 32,491 43,691 54,820 28,816Total 703,562 711,342 744,175 912,914 1,021,464 1,063,697 1,026,499

Total 990,346 1,000,719 1,002,341 1,138,348 1,292,656 1,418,323 1,332,576

Quantity t t t t t t t

Live a 880 930 832 910 775 800 770Tuna 7,809 8,888 8,901 11,000 12,069 13,752 10,742Salmonids b 6,378 5,750 2,584 1,817 4,955 8,038 5,037Swordfish 428 509 455 443 478 554 496Whiting 1,786 892 394 62.2 16.9 1.9 10.8Other fish 5,466 5,056 4,657 4,377 5,257 19,239 14,180Total 22,747 22,025 17,822 18,608 23,551 42,385 31,236

Rock lobster 7,017 6,916 7,819 7,966 8,203 7,987 8,586Prawns 6,419 5,393 3,917 7,055 6,491 6,689 7,015Abalone 3,424 3,149 2,818 2,742 2,578 2,615 2,584Scallop 567 443 417 549 297 364 368Crab 970 801 446 421 565 558 456Other 1,220 1,735 2,064 1,562 1,576 1,457 1,127Total 19,616 18,436 17,482 20,295 19,710 19,670 20,135

Total 42,363 40,461 35,304 38,904 43,261 62,055 51,371a Includes all species of live fish exports. b Predominantly salmon. Includes trout and salmon like products.Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra

Fish

Crustaceans and molluscs

Fish


TABLE 8.2 Australian exports of edible fi sheries products

94

Fisheries


2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17

Value $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000

Japan 126,991 157,921 158,408 125,404 138,868 138,515 126,778New Zealand 969 1,036 1,059 3,748 3,992 5,446 3,872Thailand 739 1,419 526 210 414 87.2 220Other 2,689 2,326 2,643 6,177 7,719 19,207 13,618Total 131,388 162,703 162,636 135,539 150,993 163,255 144,489

Japan 15,061 14,284 10,723 8,315 8,251 11,681 9,293China 11,593 3,063 3,494 96.8 24,607 45,506 24,416Indonesia 7,233 4,731 3,409 3,246 4,438 5,542 11,348Other 20,550 19,701 7,776 5,738 10,846 17,207 13,857Total 54,437 41,779 25,402 17,396 48,142 79,936 58,914

Japan 3,894 2,836 2,644 1,674 1,265 1,659 905United States 555 1,404 1,278 2,246 3,118 5,001 6,304Other 15.2 0.0 7.8 0.7 20.3 244 320Total 4,464 4,241 3,929 3,921 4,404 6,904 7,530

China 1,692 861 88.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Thailand 2,961 1,253 894 187 49.4 0.0 32.0Other 326 421 372 2.3 6.3 18.8 22.0Total 4,979 2,535 1,355 189 55.7 18.8 54.0


Japan 7,012 7,982 8,169 8,239 9,588 10,256 8,384New Zealand 172 192 157 2,011 1,468 1,631 1,023Thailand 271 465 175 80.0 135 17.3 65.7Other 354 249 399 669 877 1,848 1,270Total 7,809 8,888 8,901 11,000 12,069 13,752 10,742

Japan 1,572 1,647 1,034 651 653 1,072 684China 1,350 512 359 53.7 2,486 4,370 1,981Indonesia 912 671 346 281 458 565 867Other 2,545 2,921 846 831 1,358 2,031 1,505Total 6,378 5,750 2,584 1,817 4,955 8,038 5,037

Japan 369 339 311 192 159 148 82.8United States 57.6 170 143 251 315 399 392Other 1.5 0.0 0.5 0.0 4.2 7.1 21.8Total 428 509 455 443 478 554 496

China 550 292 23.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Thailand 1,112 451 266 61.7 16.3 0.0 8.8Other 124 149 104 0.6 0.6 1.9 2.0Total 1,786 892 394 62.2 16.9 1.9 10.8

Whiting

a Predominantly salmon. Includes trout and salmon like products.Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra

Tuna

Salmonids a

Swordfish

Whiting

Tuna

Salmonids a

Swordfish

TABLE 8.3 Australian exports of fi sh, by product type and destination

95

Fisheries


2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17

Value $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000

Hong Kong 225,966 290,886 151,663 64,337 45,231 53,359 50,596China 69,442 12,032 7,450 4,593 1,105 10,168 91,470Japan 18,835 17,284 13,575 7,976 3,621 4,641 4,057United States 23,688 14,246 11,728 12,759 9,831 10,255 8,765Vietnam 8.4 30,912 256,076 491,048 626,018 608,920 515,973Other 31,332 21,350 6,771 9,579 5,426 5,856 5,487Total 369,271 386,710 447,263 590,293 691,232 693,199 676,348

China 10,930 4,432 3,027 6,859 3,398 15,933 4,469Hong Kong 11,223 8,469 5,259 12,927 15,649 25,626 20,013Japan 33,350 29,048 22,355 23,295 17,668 28,989 31,699Vietnam 6,352 15,070 6,386 33,652 31,884 14,521 30,430Other 15,240 9,658 14,770 24,244 25,567 29,315 27,836Total 77,096 66,677 51,797 100,976 94,166 114,384 114,448

China 5,550 4,760 4,210 2,034 1,772 1,822 1,970Hong Kong 2,383 1,379 1,291 1,000 1,807 1,282 1,452Taiwan 1,386 1,066 618 374 1,003 1,467 751Other 4,121 3,757 2,036 2,126 3,364 3,042 3,533Total 13,440 10,961 8,155 5,534 7,948 7,614 7,707


Hong Kong 4,061 5,214 2,747 955 633 745 708China 1,355 201 125 69.0 14.1 119 1,096Japan 499 424 320 179 72.4 107 79.6United States 383 242 186 176 136 138 134Vietnam 0.1 469 4,304 6,398 7,262 6,789 6,497Other 719 366 139 189 85.1 88.5 71.7Total 7,017 6,916 7,819 7,966 8,203 7,987 8,586

China 1,335 600 323 766 225 895 275Hong Kong 883 784 373 777 1,029 1,421 1,010Japan 29.5 23.7 26.9 42.7 19.3 50.2 92.1Vietnam 691 1,525 493 2,287 2,059 1,031 2,332Other 1,580 909 1,522 2,017 2,207 2,002 2,101Total 6,419 5,393 3,917 7,055 6,491 6,689 7,015

China 260 239 180 172 125 127 89.2Hong Kong 165 85.0 79.5 66.2 108 65.6 56.6Taiwan 214 157 96.3 48.7 120 173 86.6Other 331 320 89.6 134 212 193 223Total 970 801 446 421 565 558 456


Rock lobster

Prawn

Crab

Rock lobster

Prawn

Crab

TABLE 8.4 Australian exports of crustaceans, by product type and destination

96

Fisheries


2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17

Value $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000

China 40,812 29,998 22,987 19,639 12,909 23,598 45,360Hong Kong 111,084 101,590 94,877 67,520 73,874 84,253 71,471Japan 22,599 25,189 22,303 21,071 17,211 15,116 16,892Singapore 24,924 25,957 20,678 23,568 20,266 22,115 21,420Other 12,616 14,521 25,151 38,244 49,493 36,901 32,068Total 212,036 197,255 185,996 170,043 173,753 181,982 187,210

Hong Kong 8,540 8,254 7,246 8,252 5,006 3,547 5,531Malaysia 1,170 529 681 498 253 60.6 5.7Singapore 5,274 6,381 1,972 3,574 4,450 3,143 4,074Other 439 184 894 1,253 966 4,948 2,360Total 15,423 15,347 10,792 13,576 10,674 11,698 11,970

Hong Kong 1,870 3,974 5,510 4,227 2,808 2,970 2,947China 680 744 773 953 1,074 573 560Japan 688 747 496 461 605 480 346Other 583 707 2,424 996 774 489 428Total 3,821 6,172 9,203 6,637 5,261 4,512 4,281


China 741 547 405 385 208 355 631Hong Kong 1,656 1,560 1,310 953 935 1,067 873Japan 404 449 400 384 313 255 307Singapore 416 363 303 342 309 363 334Other 207 230 400 678 813 574 438Total 3,424 3,149 2,818 2,742 2,578 2,615 2,584

Hong Kong 290 216 191 249 111 73.8 108Malaysia 46.9 18.9 20.1 16.9 7.3 2.2 0.1Singapore 197 202 55.0 98.5 108 63.9 79.3Other 33.7 6.8 151 185 71.6 224 181Total 567 443 417 549 297 364 368

Hong Kong 190 298 303 345 252 238 233China 69.5 72.5 70.1 81.9 103 51.0 43.4Japan 58.4 49.8 31.8 31.5 41.1 33.6 23.8Other 68.5 55.9 88.7 96.6 82.0 45.6 41.0Total 387 476 493 555 478 368 341


Abalone

Scallop

Oysters

Abalone

Scallop

Oysters

TABLE 8.5 Australian exports of molluscs, by product type and destination

97

Fisheries


2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17

Value $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000

Salmonids 9,775 3,874 7,161 7,887 10,323 11,747 19,670Shark 3,189 3,085 3,555 3,883 3,855 3,310 1,531Other 54,925 62,129 78,557 78,758 76,641 75,015 79,285

Hake 27,244 20,930 23,340 19,435 21,805 23,568 23,067Salmonids 3,818 4,245 14,540 33,903 48,341 46,340 61,496Other 231,426 228,975 227,597 247,811 281,155 290,818 272,816

Prepared or preserved fish a 385,523 406,100 466,535 519,180 504,273 507,769 536,359Smoked, dried or salted fish 42,592 48,304 54,713 74,917 82,404 81,319 98,117Other fish preparations b 9,230 10,972 18,008 19,123 25,804 32,774 39,371Total b 767,722 788,615 894,006 1,004,896 1,054,602 1,072,661 1,131,712

Prawns 147,683 203,266 190,089 338,699 280,441 266,167 210,004Scallops 34,443 43,009 39,906 51,119 48,410 53,554 62,705Squid and octopus 74,199 77,523 69,215 80,961 77,728 95,453 114,619Other 40,967 45,764 51,140 71,173 82,020 86,713 79,929

Prepared or preserved c 191,942 197,685 166,776 217,742 209,701 202,013 275,750Other preparations 14,294 17,863 16,322 16,582 14,176 16,121 24,862Total 503,529 585,110 533,448 776,276 712,476 720,021 767,869Total edible b 1,271,319 1,373,822 1,427,679 1,781,288 1,767,284 1,792,946 1,899,818


Salmonids 1,171 486 750 702 870 910 1,291Shark 468 446 507 549 534 439 216Other 7,473 9,076 12,541 11,628 10,110 9,473 10,092

Hake 6,662 5,256 6,103 4,507 4,925 5,122 5,719Salmonids 292 379 1,256 2,401 3,528 3,192 3,514Other 46,347 47,699 50,604 48,680 49,871 51,038 47,854

Prepared or preserved fish a 80,949 77,149 84,264 87,401 84,814 79,355 82,686Smoked, dried or salted fish 3,574 3,825 4,350 4,788 5,031 4,800 5,178Other fish preparations b 161 94.5 128 155 141 153 149Total b 147,098 144,409 160,503 160,811 159,823 154,482 153,116

Prawns 16,365 21,222 20,996 25,783 20,313 20,265 15,717Scallops 2,591 2,904 3,011 3,271 2,762 2,510 2,715Squid and octopus 15,183 15,083 15,482 17,758 17,355 18,216 17,061Other 5,625 5,485 5,691 6,494 6,029 6,192 5,667

Prepared or preserved c 23,950 23,848 21,561 21,943 20,206 19,988 25,999Other preparations 962 1,285 1,126 1,440 1,104 1,097 2,295Total 64,677 69,827 67,867 76,689 67,769 68,267 69,454Total edible d 211,779 214,244 228,391 237,511 227,612 222,778 226,201a Predominantly canned. b Excludes live tonnage, includes live value. c Predominantly prawns. d Includes other edible fishery products not elsewehere included.Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra

Fish


Fish


Fresh or chilled

Frozen

Frozen

Fresh or chilled

Frozen

Frozen

TABLE 8.6 Australian imports of edible fi sheries products

98

Fisheries


2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17

Value $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000

New Zealand 9,775 3,497 5,905 6,346 5,924 6,891 10,078Other 0.0 377 1,256 1,541 4,399 4,855 9,592Total 9,775 3,874 7,161 7,887 10,323 11,747 19,670

New Zealand 3,163 3,078 3,555 3,881 3,855 3,310 1,509Other 26.4 6.6 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.0 22.0Total 3,189 3,085 3,555 3,883 3,855 3,310 1,531

Namibia 6,179 4,357 5,200 5,061 6,173 6,566 6,015New Zealand 6,326 6,189 5,114 4,653 6,185 8,157 7,919South Africa 9,087 7,541 10,456 7,971 7,799 6,997 6,996Other 5,652 2,843 2,570 1,750 1,648 1,847 2,136Total 27,244 20,930 23,340 19,435 21,805 23,568 23,067

Denmark 1,637 1,391 2,486 5,011 8,012 983 3,682Norway 728 2,071 9,018 18,435 28,147 32,649 41,615New Zealand 273 465 1,509 2,386 414 605 484Other 1,181 317 1,527 8,071 11,768 12,103 15,714Total 3,818 4,245 14,540 33,903 48,341 46,340 61,496


New Zealand 1,171 457 647 598 487 572 776Other 0.0 29.0 103 104 383 338 515Total 1,171 486 750 702 870 910 1,291

New Zealand 465 444 507 549 534 439 213Other 3.5 1.5 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 3.1Total 468 446 507 549 534 439 216

Namibia 1,331 1,008 1,220 981 1,160 1,191 1,102New Zealand 1,761 1,771 1,763 1,399 1,759 2,093 2,699South Africa 1,647 1,396 1,975 1,388 1,385 1,182 1,122Other 1,924 1,080 1,144 739 622 656 796Total 6,662 5,256 6,103 4,507 4,925 5,122 5,719

Denmark 108 110 216 351 537 62.5 199Norway 46.7 197 773 1,235 2,065 2,214 2,344New Zealand 29.7 36.9 132 190 24.6 47.0 34.5Other 108 35.4 135 624 901 868 937Total 292 379 1,256 2,401 3,528 3,192 3,514

Continued …

Fresh or chilled

Frozen

Fresh or chilled

Frozen

Hake

Salmonids

Salmonids

Shark

Salmonids

Salmonids

Hake

Shark

TABLE 8.7 Australian imports of fi sh, by preparation and source

99

Fisheries


2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17

Value $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000

Indonesia 1,650 3,443 12,449 22,537 32,271 32,496 31,504Thailand 193,838 194,205 234,548 263,242 238,757 231,540 254,961Other 4,479 6,066 7,352 6,187 6,509 5,900 5,104World 199,967 203,714 254,349 291,966 277,537 269,937 291,568

Thailand 10,228 13,313 13,087 14,683 14,731 17,861 16,920United States 24,750 32,093 37,257 38,108 34,234 31,438 28,100Other 14,621 11,444 8,572 11,842 13,944 11,660 9,782World 49,599 56,850 58,916 64,633 62,908 60,958 54,802

Canada 3,288 3,331 3,322 3,504 3,295 2,757 4,531Poland 3,641 3,965 3,533 4,896 4,442 6,198 5,480Thailand 5,604 3,933 4,717 4,815 5,377 7,576 8,226Other 5,505 5,137 6,435 7,115 8,173 6,735 8,726World 18,039 16,366 18,008 20,329 21,287 23,266 26,963

Denmark 11,931 17,683 27,341 37,523 47,011 43,622 54,284Norway 7,917 7,887 8,930 14,137 18,633 18,681 22,414Other 1,363 1,288 1,944 9,368 3,437 3,335 4,291World 21,210 26,859 38,216 61,027 69,082 65,638 80,989


Indonesia 489 808 1,963 3,542 4,660 4,543 4,427Thailand 44,228 38,497 43,096 45,048 42,569 38,806 41,721Other 816 1,153 1,256 983 1,114 872 720World 45,533 40,458 46,315 49,573 48,344 44,221 46,868

Thailand 1,313 1,628 1,686 1,866 2,758 2,309 2,093United States 4,254 4,959 5,105 4,652 3,989 4,345 3,435Other 1,753 1,191 897 1,468 1,382 1,129 987World 7,319 7,778 7,689 7,987 8,128 7,783 6,515

Canada 867 1,004 988 962 880 589 864Poland 677 439 377 505 479 680 620Thailand 1,829 1,274 1,348 1,174 1,349 1,627 1,898Other 1,081 1,019 1,305 1,528 1,486 1,062 1,486World 4,454 3,735 4,018 4,169 4,194 3,957 4,867

Denmark 624 961 1,544 1,848 2,398 2,010 2,229Norway 464 519 603 800 1,052 1,035 956Other 67.3 63.5 103 506 151 129 158World 1,155 1,544 2,250 3,153 3,601 3,174 3,343

Salmonids

Salmonids

Prepared and preserved

a Predominantly canned. Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra

Prepared and preserved

Smoked

Smoked

Tuna a

Salmonids

Sardines

Tuna a

Salmonids

Sardines

TABLE 8.7 Australian imports of fi sh, by preparation and source continued

100

Fisheries


2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17

Value $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000

China 42,358 84,549 55,046 158,889 102,941 94,543 56,888Thailand 37,991 42,148 51,227 44,732 61,283 59,527 54,280Other 67,333 76,568 83,816 135,079 116,217 112,098 98,836Total 147,683 203,266 190,089 338,699 280,441 266,167 210,004

United States 4,837 4,710 3,332 4,013 4,775 4,507 3,118Vietnam 2,359 2,021 1,835 1,638 701 1,743 546Other 7,067 8,293 9,655 15,460 21,169 21,877 28,484Total 14,263 15,023 14,822 21,112 26,645 28,127 32,148

Burma 2,391 2,837 4,113 6,886 9,034 7,621 5,598Chile 1,006 2,393 1,828 2,453 3,149 1,045 2,250Other 6,360 5,907 5,918 11,419 13,004 15,373 11,465Total 9,757 11,137 11,860 20,758 25,187 24,040 19,313

China 30,081 26,676 19,413 40,025 24,317 20,427 37,276Thailand 43,901 57,404 44,473 28,961 38,527 34,619 58,328Vietnam 63,371 56,558 45,589 74,425 77,427 70,394 79,229Other 4,987 5,979 4,509 11,476 8,827 7,471 16,934Total 142,340 146,616 113,984 154,887 149,097 132,911 191,767


China 4,655 9,061 6,764 12,322 7,579 7,472 4,544Thailand 5,000 5,153 5,867 3,684 4,321 4,223 3,902Other 6,710 7,008 8,365 9,777 8,413 8,570 7,271Total 16,365 21,222 20,996 25,783 20,313 20,265 15,717

United States 285 212 186 174 147 135 94.4Vietnam 163 163 127 103 41.2 97.2 31.2Other 374 395 467 671 920 636 1,053Total 821 770 780 948 1,108 868 1,178

Burma 296 356 400 458 600 500 431Chile 71.7 148 112 144 138 45.5 99.0Other 426 474 538 948 828 1,038 797Total 794 979 1,051 1,550 1,566 1,584 1,327

China 3,924 3,496 2,558 3,319 1,936 1,911 3,406Thailand 5,129 6,264 4,971 2,693 3,119 2,890 4,408Vietnam 6,382 5,738 5,622 5,798 6,177 6,255 6,603Other 705 738 558 998 740 526 1,600Total 16,140 16,236 13,710 12,808 11,973 11,581 16,017

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia , cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra

Frozen

Prepared or preserved

Frozen

Prepared or preserved

Prawns

Crabs

Lobsters

Prawns

Prawns

Crabs

Lobsters

Prawns

TABLE 8.8 Australian imports of crustaceans, by preparation and destination

101

Fisheries


2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17

Value $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000

New Zealand 9,733 8,083 8,775 9,079 9,477 9,315 9,048Other 375 277 718 1,285 447 1,821 233World 10,108 8,360 9,493 10,364 9,923 11,137 9,281

China 16,482 17,578 22,332 19,694 29,750 31,165 37,602Japan 8,120 10,080 7,765 13,160 7,026 10,794 10,751Thailand 1,254 4,082 882 2,963 1,722 1,652 1,517United States 4,577 3,741 4,819 4,018 2,771 2,454 6,756Other 4,011 7,528 4,108 11,283 7,141 7,490 6,080World 34,443 43,009 39,906 51,119 48,410 53,554 62,705

China 40,414 40,896 34,676 41,311 40,380 52,868 71,910Malaysia 3,827 4,372 3,974 4,403 3,788 3,081 3,133New Zealand 9,424 7,310 7,379 8,498 7,558 4,911 5,451Taiwan 3,153 2,602 3,267 2,823 2,930 3,729 3,760Thailand 8,380 9,748 9,577 10,205 10,044 12,714 13,418Vietnam 2,724 5,230 2,988 3,720 3,373 3,479 4,517Other 6,278 7,364 7,353 10,001 9,656 14,672 12,429World 74,199 77,523 69,215 80,961 77,728 95,453 114,619


New Zealand 2,566 2,117 2,192 1,769 1,687 1,686 1,605Other 55.5 80.0 205 331 106 364 43.7World 2,621 2,197 2,397 2,100 1,793 2,050 1,649

China 1,387 1,361 1,918 1,421 1,868 1,791 1,826Japan 508 550 527 635 277 278 305Thailand 162 362 80.4 229 175 133 91.0United States 247 193 259 171 135 88.3 257Other 287 438 227 815 306 219 236World 2,591 2,904 3,011 3,271 2,762 2,510 2,715

China 7,965 8,164 8,677 9,842 10,125 11,152 11,051Malaysia 923 852 754 799 633 606 457New Zealand 1,982 1,377 1,711 2,250 1,894 1,031 1,156Taiwan 532 474 648 699 805 848 547Thailand 1,589 1,636 1,524 1,500 1,429 1,575 1,506Vietnam 707 1,074 599 696 625 582 644Other 1,485 1,507 1,568 1,972 1,844 2,422 1,700World 15,183 15,083 15,482 17,758 17,355 18,216 17,061

Scallops

Squid and octopus

Squid and octopus


Frozen

Frozen

Mussels

Scallops

Mussels

TABLE 8.9 Australian imports of molluscs, by product type and source

102

Fisheries


2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17

Value $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000

Marine fats and oils 5,416 7,254 10,041 9,056 20,933 11,157 9,992Fish meal 1,562 392 1,038 707 994 453 1,084Pearls a 241,331 206,623 151,501 144,366 110,805 95,946 75,379Ornamental fish 2,273 2,344 3,772 2,029 1,897 2,106 2,414Other non-edible 7,282 9,437 6,495 9,746 12,337 13,797 13,781Total 257,865 226,050 172,848 165,904 146,965 123,460 102,649

Pearls a 166,945 138,229 105,367 102,081 97,208 144,399 131,574Fish meal 46,660 34,236 43,295 43,208 64,309 61,689 60,823Ornamental fish 3,886 3,743 3,980 4,509 4,388 4,884 4,243Marine fats and oils 31,011 39,467 39,054 40,089 52,692 61,139 56,042Other marine products 9,886 17,120 28,975 30,415 22,178 21,339 22,681Total 258,389 232,795 220,671 220,302 240,775 293,450 275,362a Mainly re-imports. Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra

Exports

Imports

Non-edible

TABLE 8.10 Australian exports and imports of non-edible fi sheries products

103

Food


2014–15 2015–16 2014–15 2015–16 2014–15 2015–16 2014–15 2015–16

'000 '000 $m $m $m $m $m $m

Meat processing 36.9 36.7 1,888 1,998 19,268 19,566 4,358 3,726Poultry processing 17.5 17.0 870 898 6,362 6,255 1,400 1,459Bacon, ham and smallgoods 8.2 8.9 411 417 3,688 3,691 637 686Total meat 62.6 62.6 3,169 3,313 29,318 29,512 6,395 5,871

Milk and cream processing 3.1 3.9 228 246 2,412 2,531 389 420Ice cream 2.8 3.0 132 131 883 906 257 264Other dairy products 12.0 12.6 1,002 1,146 10,413 10,327 1,617 2,054Total dairy 17.9 19.4 1,362 1,523 13,708 13,764 2,263 2,738Fruit and vegetables 13.5 14.5 698 738 5,320 5,220 1,406 1,408Oil and fat 1.5 1.6 106 121 1,765 1,880 232 227

Flour mill products 3.5 3.4 296 270 3,577 3,505 648 644Cereal food and baking mixes 5.7 5.6 349 307 2,473 2,343 685 653Total flour mill and cereal food 9.2 9.0 645 577 6,050 5,848 1,333 1,297

Bread 11.2 10.4 613 634 2,633 2,699 801 897Cakes and pastry products 8.0 8.6 309 340 na na na naBiscuits 2.9 3.0 207 219 na na na na

Bakery products 45.4 48.4 1,019 1,091 3,210 3,130 1,343 1,330Total bakery products 67.5 70.4 2,148 2,284 8,144 8,064 2,988 3,124

Sugar 4.8 4.7 414 450 2,896 3,426 634 710Confectionery 11.2 11.5 847 906 6,286 5,736 1,464 1,585Seafood 2.6 2.5 86.0 95.0 916 964 177 204Food nec d 20.2 21.7 1,258 1,440 11,158 11,906 2,501 3,036Total other food 38.8 40.4 2,605 2,891 21,256 22,032 4,776 5,535Total food manufacturing 211 218 10,733 11,447 85,561 86,320 19,393 20,200

Soft drink, cordial and syrup 8.3 7.5 634 656 5,754 6,019 1,935 2,111Beer and malt na 4.9 na 518 na 4,573 na naWine 16.1 17.1 965 890 5,338 5,803 1,659 1,715Total beverages and tobacco eg 31.4 30.3 2,289 2,129 18,063 17,039 7,182 5,864Total food, beverages and tobacco

products eg 242 248 13,022 13,576 103,624 103,359 26,575 26,064

Meat

Dairy

Flour mill and cereal food

Bakery products

Employment

a Includes working proprietors. b Excludes drawings of working proprietors. c Previously turnover. d Includes prepared animal and bird feed. e Includes beer and malt and spirits where not available separately. g Includes tobacco product manufacturing.Sources: Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Australian Industry, cat. no. 8155.0, Canberra; ABS, Manufacturing Industry, cat. no. 8221.0, Canberra

Wages and

salaries bat 30 June a income c

Sales and service

value added

Industry

Non factory based

Other food

Beverages and tobacco products

Factory based

TABLE 9.1 Summary statistics for the Australian processed food industry

104

Food


2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17

$m $m $m $m $m $m $m

Live animals except fish 924 787 564 999 1,434 1,544 1,292Fish or shellfish 667 721 763 856 1,020 1,108 1,024

Vegetables 166 152 152 159 173 226 244Fruit and nuts 368 450 634 771 885 1,234 1,281Total 534 602 785 930 1,057 1,460 1,525

Grains a 6,765 8,341 8,604 8,344 7,878 7,038 8,530Oilseeds 973 1,555 2,340 2,134 1,449 1,194 2,289Food nec 50.2 52.3 78.4 68.0 75.6 71.1 77.8

Meat processing 6,887 7,068 7,592 9,805 12,932 12,259 11,080Poultry processing 38.4 45.4 42.8 49.7 56.1 53.6 56.4Bacon, ham and smallgoods 57.1 87.4 104 112 161 148 120Total 6,983 7,201 7,739 9,967 13,150 12,460 11,256

Seafood 324 281 240 284 274 312 279

Milk and cream processing 1,107 1,065 997 1,467 1,249 1,146 1,108Ice cream 33.1 27.0 15.5 13.0 12.2 10.5 12.8Other dairy products 1,182 1,173 1,185 1,217 1,178 1,132 1,078Total 2,322 2,264 2,198 2,697 2,439 2,289 2,199

Fruit and vegetables 571 625 668 908 956 1,108 1,015Oil and fat 293 317 326 338 342 388 401

Flour mill products 344 313 347 413 398 428 420Cereal food and baking mixes 614 880 955 961 912 1,122 1,077Total 958 1,193 1,302 1,373 1,310 1,550 1,497

Bread, cakes and pastry products 21.6 21.7 26.2 28.0 24.3 25.7 29.0Biscuits 134 129 118 124 129 126 149Total 155 150 144 152 153 152 178

Sugar a 1,447 1,560 1,438 1,385 1,643 1,823 2,232Confectionery 252 240 207 261 264 282 276Food nec 1,403 1,673 1,909 1,855 2,376 3,631 5,241Total 3,102 3,472 3,554 3,501 4,283 5,736 7,749

Soft drink, cordial and syrup 60.7 62.7 60.9 70.0 83.0 109 120Beer and malt 318 372 378 390 400 374 356Wine 2,009 1,910 1,867 1,847 1,983 2,184 2,366Spirit 97.2 103 144 161 189 223 285Total 2,485 2,447 2,450 2,468 2,655 2,891 3,126

Minimally transformed 9,913 12,058 13,134 13,331 12,914 12,415 14,738Substantially transformed 16,847 17,616 18,304 21,359 25,232 26,545 27,354Elaborately transformed 346 335 316 329 331 340 345

Total 27,106 30,009 31,755 35,019 38,477 39,300 42,437

Dairy

Horticulture

Minimally transformed

Substantially transformed

Meat

Total food and beverages

a Includes ABARES estimates where Australian Bureau of Statistics confidentiality restrictions apply.Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra


Bakery products

Other food

Beverages and malt

TABLE 9.2 Value of Australian food exports, by level of transformation

105

Food


2015–16 2016–17 2015–16 2016–17 2015–16 2016–17

$m $m $m $m $m $m

Live animals except fish 1,112 972 0.0 0.1 12.7 0.9 Fish or shellfish 1,053 985 11.9 5.9 24.9 22.1

Vegetables 135 151 15.5 7.5 1.9 1.7 Fruit and nuts 932 1,059 25.0 28.0 31.2 37.4 Total 1,067 1,210 40.5 35.5 33.0 39.1

Grains a 5,235 6,996 116 113 1.0 9.3 Oilseeds 188 358 981 1,876 7.9 24.4 Food nec 40.6 48.0 9.1 10.8 1.7 1.8

Meat processing 6,537 6,633 484 386 3,704 2,638 Poultry processing 22.3 19.9 0.1 0.0 0.5 0.2 Bacon, ham and smallgoods 99.4 81.6 0.0 1.9 25.4 16.6 Total 6,658 6,734 484 388 3,730 2,655

Seafood 249 230 13.8 9.1 23.6 19.1

Milk and cream processing 951 980 2.0 0.0 6.2 2.4 Ice cream 3.6 4.3 0.0 0.0 1.2 1.3 Other dairy products 930 923 2.8 3.2 52.7 38.5 Total 1,885 1,907 4.8 3.2 60.1 42.2

Fruit and vegetables 343 428 311 235 122 82.6 Oil and fat 132 118 22.8 18.9 10.6 15.2

Flour mill products 153 156 5.0 4.6 236 218 Cereal food and baking mixes 533 686 6.2 5.2 4.4 5.3 Total 686 842 11.3 9.8 240 223

Bread, cakes and pastry products 8.3 10.6 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.3 Biscuits 26.8 33.0 2.0 2.1 11.7 18.8 Total 35.1 43.6 2.1 2.2 12.1 19.1

Sugar a 1,724 1,747 4.5 0.1 87.2 81.2 Confectionery 108 103 2.5 2.5 12.4 13.7 Food nec 2,873 4,275 53.5 53.0 145 170 Total 4,705 6,125 60.5 55.6 245 265

Soft drink, cordial and syrup 25.0 30.3 5.8 5.6 26.6 26.1 Beer and malt 335 314 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.1 Wine 790 989 574 566 677 665 Spirit 137 180 17.0 22.9 6.1 7.6 Total 1,287 1,512 597 595 710 699

Minimally transformed 8,696 10,569 1,159 2,041 81.2 97.5 Substantially transformed 15,913 17,875 1,503 1,313 5,130 3,989 Elaborately transformed 67.5 66.7 3.8 3.4 22.7 31.2

Total 24,676 28,510 2,665 3,358 5,234 4,118 a Includes ABARES estimates where Australian Bureau of Statistics confidentiality restrictions apply. NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement. Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra


Meat

Dairy

Asia European Union 28 NAFTA


Horticulture


Bakery products

Other food

Beverages and malt

Total food and beverage

TABLE 9.3 Value of Australian food exports to selected regions

106

Food


2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17

$m $m $m $m $m $m $m

Live animals except fish 1.7 1.5 1.1 0.5 1.1 0.7 0.8Fish or shellfish 72.8 67.2 72.3 73.9 69.5 68.4 73.5

Vegetables 76.2 63.9 71.7 69.7 78.4 85.8 100Fruit and nuts 245 290 285 404 447 439 491Total 322 354 356 474 526 525 591

Grains 4.2 5.9 8.0 23.6 23.0 14.4 15.4Oilseeds 36.2 40.9 46.2 53.6 66.7 68.2 69.1Food nec 304 348 300 328 417 486 475

Meat processing 478 493 540 525 654 633 654Poultry processing 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Bacon, ham and smallgoods 89.6 112 119 169 190 205 191Total 567 606 659 694 844 838 845

Seafood 1,231 1,348 1,400 1,750 1,752 1,793 1,881

Milk and cream processing 71.7 75.4 60.7 92.7 107 132 176Ice cream 44.5 44.9 45.1 67.0 57.1 70.8 73.4Other dairy products 578 635 585 762 786 850 1,007Total 694 755 691 921 950 1,052 1,256

Fruit and vegetables 1,478 1,742 1,631 1,877 2,117 2,339 2,319Oil and fat 517 515 520 574 599 709 678

Flour mill products 48.4 53.1 59.9 77.2 80.4 84.9 101Cereal food and baking mixes 523 504 534 694 828 1,044 1,004Total 572 557 594 772 908 1,129 1,105

Bread, cakes and pastry products 222 242 281 343 369 424 447Biscuits 191 206 229 271 271 307 279Total 413 448 511 614 640 731 727

Sugar 124 94.8 72.0 107 116 74.7 99.1Confectionery 547 576 588 707 795 891 848Food nec 1,460 1,584 1,746 1,999 2,201 2,732 2,479Total 2,131 2,255 2,406 2,813 3,112 3,697 3,426

Soft drink, cordial and syrup 818 898 928 950 1,046 1,035 960Beer and malt 196 219 274 355 378 430 426Wine 490 554 602 678 691 752 748Spirit 544 571 568 595 583 667 655Total 2,048 2,243 2,373 2,578 2,698 2,885 2,788

Minimally transformed 741 818 784 954 1,103 1,163 1,225Substantially transformed 9,205 9,988 10,270 11,950 12,926 14,347 14,229Elaborately transformed 445 481 515 642 695 826 796Total 10,391 11,287 11,568 13,546 14,724 16,336 16,250

Beverages and malt




Horticulture


Meat

Dairy


Bakery products

Other food

TABLE 9.4 Value of Australian food imports, by level of transformation

107

Food


2015–16 2016–17 2015–16 2016–17 2015–16 2016–17

$m $m $m $m $m $m

Live animals except fish 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.5 0.4 Fish or shellfish 4.4 7.4 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.7

Vegetables 38.1 46.7 5.3 7.5 24.9 27.1 Fruit and nuts 61.1 55.0 15.0 14.2 176 183 Total 99.2 102 20.3 21.6 201 210

Grains 2.2 1.7 0.0 0.1 1.1 1.4 Oilseeds 18.3 17.9 1.7 5.2 5.1 2.8

Food nec 161 156 26.3 21.9 7.8 7.3

Meat processing 0.1 0.0 343 347 264 282 Poultry processing 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Bacon, ham and smallgoods 16.0 12.6 11.2 12.6 47.1 47.6 Total 16.1 12.7 354 360 311 330

Seafood 1,269 1,306 109 121 76.6 80.7

Milk and cream processing 2.6 0.5 66.0 72.4 2.4 6.2 Ice cream 23.2 24.0 21.3 24.1 18.0 16.3 Other dairy products 11.6 9.8 294 318 133 160 Total 37.4 34.3 381 414 153 182

Fruit and vegetables 830 814 458 454 305 352 Oil and fat 392 383 167 177 54.2 25.5

Flour mill products 46.4 45.8 14.3 29.8 10.7 11.1 Cereal food and baking mix 440 408 180 170 52.3 51.4 Total 486 454 194 199 63.0 62.5

Bread, cakes and pastry products 168 181 130 148 41.4 25.4 Biscuits 83.2 75.2 151 133 12.1 12.7 Total 251 256 281 281 53.4 38.1

Sugar 50.2 51.3 4.5 3.0 3.1 18.8 Confectionery 182 179 378 364 137 109

Food nec 997 915 627 559 314 280 Total 1,228 1,145 1,010 926 454 408

Soft drink, cordial and syrup 635 563 150 140 82.8 76.0 Beer and malt 52.5 57.8 127 129 217 210 Wine 3.1 10.7 394 364 5.0 4.4 Spirit 18.6 31.0 411 389 203 198 Total 710 663 1,083 1,022 508 489

Minimally transformed 285 285 48.4 49.0 215 223 Substantially transformed 4,988 4,811 3,724 3,660 1,897 1,907 Elaborately transformed 232 258 313 295 80.6 60.8

Total 5,506 5,354 4,086 4,004 2,193 2,191 NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement.Sources: Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra

Other food

Beverages and malt



Dairy


Meat

Bakery products

Asia European Union 28 NAFTA


Horticulture

TABLE 9.5 Value of Australian food imports from selected regions

108

Food


2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 p Share b

US$m US$m US$m US$m US$m %

Live animals except fish 21,369 21,330 22,242 19,864 17,721 1.6

Fish, live or fresh 60,673 62,693 65,278 58,227 61,555 4.7Fish, dried, salted or smoked 5,540 5,560 5,888 5,126 5,453 0.4Shellfish 30,017 31,646 35,977 32,148 33,985 2.5

Vegetables 58,297 65,136 64,411 63,610 63,646 4.8Fruit and nuts 90,753 100,138 105,515 106,031 103,514 7.8

Cocoa 17,542 17,270 21,018 19,999 21,363 1.5Eggs, albumin 4,738 5,086 5,273 5,146 4,285 0.4

Barley 7,623 8,934 7,860 7,934 5,344 0.6Maize 36,320 36,620 34,115 30,315 26,482 2.5Oilseeds, not soft oil 2,530 2,876 3,235 3,168 2,894 0.2Oilseeds, soft oil 78,920 83,819 87,889 75,036 71,074 6.1Rice 20,528 19,092 21,032 18,328 15,305 1.4Wheat or meslin 44,262 44,224 45,350 37,078 32,406 3.1Other cereal grains nec 3,620 4,221 4,810 5,762 3,779 0.3

Beef, fresh, chilled or frozen 35,831 38,591 41,615 39,843 36,512 3.0Meat, fresh, chilled or frozen 67,437 69,098 71,123 60,676 59,557 5.0Meat or offal, preserved 4,239 4,591 4,783 4,103 3,855 0.3Meat or offal, preserved nec 19,474 20,331 20,920 18,750 17,872 1.5

excluding butter and cheese 39,942 45,891 49,872 35,339 31,947 3.1Butter 6,440 7,731 8,402 6,440 6,325 0.5Cheese and curd 27,646 31,120 32,059 26,292 24,778 2.2

Fish or shellfish 23,911 24,631 24,404 21,926 21,331 1.8

Flour or meal from wheat or meslin 4,266 4,408 4,245 4,186 3,497 0.3Cereal flour or meal nec 1,538 1,538 1,499 1,290 1,183 0.1Cereal etc flour or starch 44,966 48,117 49,641 46,127 46,238 3.6

Vegetables, prepared or preserved 25,403 27,282 28,514 26,272 26,329 2.1Fruit, prepared or preserved 18,865 20,032 20,788 20,907 20,167 1.5Fruit or vegetable juices 16,667 16,737 16,495 14,563 14,090 1.2

Sugar, molasses and honey 42,026 39,697 36,162 30,577 32,580 2.8Sugar confectionery 9,544 10,435 10,701 9,841 9,794 0.8Chocolate and cocoa preparations 22,960 25,235 27,075 25,077 25,137 1.9

Continued …

Meat

Dairy

Cereal products

Horticulture

Sugar and confectionery

Milk products,



Fish or shellfish

Horticulture

Grains and oilseeds

TABLE 9.6 Value of world food imports, by level of transformation a

109

Food


2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 p Share b


Margarine and shortening 5,281 5,094 5,103 4,341 4,123 0.4Animal oil or fat 5,795 5,145 4,714 3,986 4,011 0.4Vegetable oil or fat, fixed, soft 37,569 36,761 33,253 32,235 31,699 2.6Vegetable oils, fixed, not soft 48,900 44,117 41,277 37,576 33,627 3.2Animal or vegetable oils, processed 12,347 11,607 13,522 11,273 11,922 0.9

Coffee and coffee substitutes 39,898 35,637 37,540 36,749 35,372 2.8Tea and mate 7,289 7,786 7,743 7,242 6,898 0.6Spices 6,994 7,424 8,610 9,448 8,730 0.6Edible products nec 63,638 70,500 72,986 68,845 69,012 5.3

Beverages, non-alcoholic nec 17,928 19,056 20,307 19,814 20,157 1.5Alcoholic beverages 76,245 79,849 80,648 73,938 74,474 5.9Animal feed c 77,230 83,966 85,953 75,788 65,433 6.0Total 1,292,998 1,351,055 1,389,848 1,261,213 1,215,454 100a Based on around 175 reporting countries representing more than 95 per cent of world trade. b Average, 2012–2016. c Excludes unmilled cereal. p Preliminary.

Animal and vegetable oil

Other food

Beverage

TABLE 9.6 Value of world food imports, by level of transformation a continued

110

Food


2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 p Share b


Australia 7,462 8,367 10,456 9,891 8,280 6.4Denmark 5,440 5,514 5,223 4,163 4,219 3.6France 5,250 5,305 4,965 4,164 4,036 3.4Netherlands 10,436 11,081 11,449 9,369 9,574 7.5United States 17,538 17,972 19,409 16,045 16,320 12.6Other 89,413 95,621 99,888 88,154 85,638 66.4Total 135,540 143,859 151,391 131,786 128,067 100

Australia 2,245 2,225 2,310 1,800 1,647 2.6France 7,924 8,536 9,030 7,055 6,749 10.0Germany 10,040 11,702 12,097 8,868 8,534 13.0Netherlands 7,633 9,193 9,354 7,130 7,339 10.3New Zealand 9,285 11,043 12,100 8,109 7,848 12.3Other 39,730 45,792 47,366 37,136 32,984 51.7Total 76,859 88,491 92,257 70,098 65,101 100

Australia 59.7 55.6 41.8 42.6 36.5 0.2China 6,801 6,908 6,794 6,246 6,293 25.5Denmark 735 758 759 680 663 2.8Korea, Rep. of 202 211 208 203 206 0.8Thailand 5,205 4,810 4,286 3,663 3,580 16.6Other 13,766 15,170 15,521 13,624 12,240 54.2Total 26,767 27,911 27,610 24,459 23,018 100

Australia 172 170 139 119 123 0.2China 9,297 10,280 10,165 10,275 10,641 15.2Italy 3,706 3,928 4,020 3,518 3,549 5.6Netherlands 5,101 5,562 5,677 5,064 5,622 8.1United States 5,315 5,673 5,811 6,037 5,646 8.6Other 39,516 42,680 43,217 41,125 40,221 62.2Total 63,106 68,293 69,029 66,136 65,802 100

Australia 2,145 1,977 1,883 1,850 1,948 2.0France 17,037 17,575 17,256 15,669 15,923 16.9Germany 5,968 6,336 6,515 5,551 5,745 6.1Italy 7,999 8,921 9,077 8,102 8,396 8.6United Kingdom 10,745 10,853 10,695 9,648 9,225 10.4Other 53,053 57,427 58,491 54,996 53,143 56.1Total 96,947 103,088 103,918 95,816 94,379 100

Australia 487 450 407 380 424 0.6Belgium–Luxembourg 3,924 4,418 4,393 3,918 4,227 5.7Brazil 13,020 12,187 9,827 7,955 10,773 14.6France 3,758 3,518 3,418 2,894 2,908 4.5Germany 6,616 7,058 7,637 6,491 6,788 9.4Other 48,707 50,813 49,801 45,230 45,109 65.2Total 76,512 78,443 75,485 66,868 70,229 100

Continued …

Beverages c


Meat

Dairy

Seafood

Horticulture

TABLE 9.7 Value of world trade in processed foods, by major exporting countries a

111

Food


2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 p Share b


Argentina 5,975 5,222 4,341 4,734 5,018 5.1Australia 686 722 671 562 587 0.7Malaysia 20,831 17,140 17,254 13,749 13,691 16.8Netherlands 6,666 6,899 5,769 4,698 4,982 5.9United States 4,884 4,022 3,663 3,379 3,406 3.9Other 73,099 69,514 69,656 62,172 58,782 67.6Total 112,142 103,519 101,355 89,294 86,465 100

Argentina 10,979 12,040 12,852 10,655 10,791 14.9Australia 1,227 1,076 943 873 839 1.3Brazil 6,902 7,141 7,363 6,172 5,539 8.6Netherlands 5,860 6,610 6,510 5,184 4,700 7.5United States 11,280 13,218 13,235 12,641 11,336 16.1Other 38,687 43,056 43,681 38,096 34,817 51.6Total 74,936 83,141 84,584 73,622 68,022 100

Australia 738 719 674 597 552 1.2Belgium–Luxembourg 3,494 4,143 3,900 3,378 3,637 6.7France 3,972 4,280 4,160 3,543 3,664 7.1Germany 5,707 6,187 6,334 5,547 5,671 10.6Italy 4,360 4,688 4,811 4,357 4,416 8.2Other 34,747 37,355 38,824 36,955 36,202 66.3Total 53,017 57,373 58,702 54,376 54,142 100

Australia 919 1,032 994 1,348 1,846 1.0Brazil 7,265 6,258 7,713 7,228 6,360 5.6France 4,404 5,078 5,249 4,464 4,565 3.8Netherlands 6,963 7,848 9,047 8,045 8,452 6.5United States 9,073 9,851 10,209 10,142 10,514 8.1Other 88,740 93,287 99,610 92,986 88,942 75.0Total 117,365 123,354 132,822 124,213 120,679 100

Australia 16,141 16,792 18,518 17,461 10,757 1.9France 49,803 52,008 51,731 44,475 43,430 5.8Germany 62,598 67,184 68,170 57,171 56,825 7.5Netherlands 52,962 58,588 59,761 50,010 49,040 6.5United States 65,144 69,980 72,150 66,189 49,888 7.7Other 586,543 612,919 626,823 561,360 565,965 70.7Total 833,191 877,472 897,152 796,667 775,905 100a Based on around 175 reporting countries representing more than 95 per cent of world trade. b Average, 2012–2016. c Alcoholic and non-alcoholic. d Excludes unmilled cereal. p Preliminary.Sources: ABARES; UN Statistics Division


Animal feed d

Cereal products

Other processed food

All processed food

TABLE 9.7 Value of world trade in processed foods, major exporting countries a continued

112

Food


2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 p Share b


Australia 641 604 657 610 581 0.5Germany 8,986 9,222 9,181 7,661 7,599 6.6Italy 6,143 6,377 6,364 5,177 4,960 4.5Japan 13,299 11,973 12,641 11,428 11,889 9.4United Kingdom 8,885 9,193 9,865 8,985 8,396 7.0Other 91,039 97,255 101,748 91,526 86,387 72.1Total 128,993 134,624 140,456 125,387 119,812 100

Australia 649 706 794 706 791 1.0Belgium–Luxembourg 3,570 4,386 4,250 3,123 3,304 4.9Germany 6,816 7,636 8,056 6,424 6,314 9.3Italy 4,577 5,260 5,205 3,870 3,625 5.9Netherlands 3,793 4,412 4,326 3,517 3,540 5.2Other 54,624 62,343 67,701 50,430 45,477 73.8Total 74,029 84,742 90,333 68,070 63,050 100

Australia 642 668 656 546 549 2.6France 1,277 1,456 1,421 1,168 1,126 5.6Japan 3,600 3,157 2,961 2,775 2,798 13.2United Kingdom 1,539 1,652 1,605 1,516 1,400 6.6United States 4,039 4,057 4,408 4,093 3,949 17.7Other 12,814 13,640 13,354 11,828 11,509 54.3Total 23,911 24,631 24,404 21,926 21,331 100

Australia 1,012 1,020 1,075 1,012 1,057 1.7France 4,606 4,893 5,003 4,278 4,545 7.4Germany 6,231 6,257 6,387 5,846 5,674 9.7Japan 4,654 4,374 4,120 3,838 3,747 6.6United States 8,266 8,300 8,582 9,059 9,210 13.9Other 36,164 39,208 40,631 37,708 36,351 60.7Total 60,935 64,052 65,797 61,742 60,585 100

Australia 1,750 1,859 1,832 1,687 1,672 1.8Germany 6,662 7,267 7,158 6,099 6,269 6.9Japan 3,210 3,105 3,080 2,849 2,868 3.1United Kingdom 7,958 8,207 8,589 7,847 7,399 8.3United States 18,663 19,472 20,387 21,444 22,633 21.3Other 55,930 58,996 59,911 53,825 53,790 58.5Total 94,173 98,906 100,956 93,752 94,631 100

Australia 779 811 887 870 816 1.2France 3,054 3,245 3,404 3,069 3,248 4.5Germany 4,375 4,698 4,999 4,415 4,255 6.4United Kingdom 3,698 4,125 4,399 3,836 3,502 5.5United States 7,082 6,683 7,079 7,324 7,501 10.0Other 55,541 55,806 53,170 45,981 48,190 72.5Total 74,530 75,367 73,938 65,494 67,512 100

Continued …


Meat

Dairy

Seafood

Horticulture

Beverages c

TABLE 9.8 Value of world trade in processed foods, by major importing countries a

113

Food


2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 p Share b


Australia 625 564 599 539 573 0.6Germany 4,945 5,162 4,988 4,232 4,438 4.9Italy 4,000 4,221 4,887 4,417 4,272 4.5United Kingdom 2,470 2,391 2,270 1,921 1,790 2.2United States 6,453 6,362 6,475 6,352 6,732 6.7Other 91,400 84,024 78,650 71,950 67,577 81.1Total 109,892 102,724 97,869 89,411 85,382 100

Australia 656 710 727 644 684 0.9China 3,232 3,959 4,373 4,967 3,601 5.2France 3,337 3,614 3,574 3,188 2,884 4.3Germany 4,477 4,610 4,558 3,859 3,572 5.4Japan 4,373 4,153 4,027 3,455 3,113 4.9Other 61,154 66,920 68,694 59,674 51,579 79.3Total 77,230 83,966 85,953 75,788 65,433 100

Australia 727 814 825 792 792 1.5France 3,175 3,438 3,423 3,110 3,241 6.2Germany 3,142 3,478 3,568 3,262 3,344 6.4United Kingdom 2,933 3,210 3,445 3,305 3,226 6.1United States 5,549 5,817 6,166 6,584 7,084 11.9Other 35,246 37,307 37,958 34,550 33,231 67.9Total 50,770 54,064 55,385 51,602 50,918 100

Australia 2,656 2,704 2,822 2,762 2,915 2.3France 5,507 6,014 6,230 5,591 5,731 4.8Germany 8,786 8,183 8,940 8,070 8,191 6.9Japan 4,682 4,421 4,300 4,148 3,908 3.5United States 13,105 12,187 12,913 13,270 13,238 10.6Other 83,083 87,836 91,673 88,444 86,027 71.8Total 117,819 121,346 126,878 122,284 120,011 100

Australia 10,136 10,461 10,873 10,168 10,429 1.3Germany 55,551 57,770 59,052 50,973 50,796 6.8Japan 40,443 37,274 37,405 34,068 33,791 4.5United Kingdom 43,515 46,268 48,352 44,326 41,911 5.6United States 74,091 74,363 80,356 83,474 84,037 9.8Other 588,544 618,284 625,930 552,446 527,701 72.1Total 812,280 844,420 861,969 775,456 748,666 100a Based on around 175 reporting countries representing more than 95 per cent of world trade. b Average, 2012–2016. c Alcoholic and non–alcoholic. d Excludes unmilled cereal. p Preliminary.Source: UN Statistics Division


Animal feed d

Cereal products

Other processed food

All processed food

TABLE 9.8 Value of world trade in processed foods, by major importing countries a continued

114

Forestry


Apparent

consumption

Hardwood Softwood Total Hardwood Softwood Total per person b

’000 m3 ’000 m3 ’000 m3 ’000 m3 ’000 m3 ’000 m3 m3

1972–73 9,778 2,808 12,586 na na na na1973–74 11,063 2,636 13,699 na na na na1974–75 10,921 2,850 13,771 na na na na1975–76 9,995 2,877 12,872 na na na na1976–77 11,331 3,078 14,409 na na na na1977–78 11,259 3,282 14,541 na na na na1978–79 10,595 3,381 13,976 na na na na1979–80 11,720 3,866 15,586 na na na na1980–81 11,464 4,447 15,911 na na na na1981–82 10,348 4,524 14,872 na na na na1982–83 9,217 4,442 13,659 na na na na1983–84 10,537 4,689 15,226 na na na na1984–85 10,919 5,768 16,687 na na na na1985–86 10,949 5,958 16,907 na na na na1986–87 11,222 5,516 16,738 na na na na1987–88 11,162 5,686 16,848 na na na na1988–89 11,475 6,153 17,628 na na na na1989–90 10,534 7,030 17,564 na na na na1990–91 10,037 6,553 16,590 7,295 10,889 18,184 1.11991–92 9,512 7,141 16,653 7,235 11,214 18,449 1.11992–93 9,801 7,866 17,667 7,610 11,842 19,452 1.11993–94 9,793 8,969 18,762 7,575 12,382 19,957 1.11994–95 10,857 8,703 19,560 8,612 12,118 20,730 1.21995–96 9,920 9,305 19,225 7,552 11,403 18,955 1.01996–97 9,437 10,640 20,077 6,601 12,263 18,864 1.01997–98 10,143 11,016 21,158 6,636 12,589 19,225 1.01998–99 9,878 10,960 20,838 6,441 12,539 18,980 1.01999–2000 11,933 12,475 24,408 6,688 14,280 20,968 1.12000–01 11,777 12,697 24,474 5,968 13,445 19,414 1.02001–02 10,940 13,356 24,296 5,973 14,173 20,146 1.02002–03 11,908 13,911 25,819 6,161 15,483 21,644 1.12003–04 11,909 14,589 26,498 6,403 15,948 22,351 1.12004–05 12,803 14,196 26,998 6,379 15,564 21,943 1.12005–06 12,355 14,379 26,734 6,061 15,264 21,325 1.02006–07 12,602 14,590 27,192 6,036 15,059 21,095 1.02007–08 13,211 15,157 28,368 6,053 16,666 22,720 1.12008–09 12,485 13,314 25,799 5,171 14,556 19,727 0.92009–10 11,144 14,418 25,563 4,956 15,784 20,739 0.92010–11 11,551 14,981 26,532 4,723 16,044 20,767 0.92011–12 9,548 13,949 23,497 4,790 14,801 19,591 0.92012–13 9,029 13,551 22,580 4,529 14,379 18,908 0.82013–14 10,899 14,367 25,266 4,126 14,948 19,074 0.82014–15 12,361 14,929 27,290 3,983 15,699 19,682 0.82015–16 13,737 16,346 30,083 4,348 15,856 20,205 0.8

Apparent consumption b

a Expressed in gross roundwood equivalent (GRWE) logs. b Log consumption estimates are calculated as logs harvested plus estimated log equivalent of imported primary wood products less log equivalent of exported primary wood products. The figures exclude non-log fibre inputs into production, such as recovered paper. Excludes firewood, paper manufactures and secondary wood products (such as furniture). Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics; state and territory forest services; forest industry associations; private industry

Logs harvested

TABLE 10.1 Logs harvested and estimated logs consumed a

115

Forestry


NSW Vic. Qld SA WA Tas. NT ACT

’000 ha ’000 ha ’000 ha ’000 ha ’000 ha ’000 ha ’000 ha ’000 haClosed forest 509 249 1,740 0.0 42.0 640 630 0.0 (% of land area) 0.6 1.1 1.0 0.0 0.0 9.4 0.5 0.0Open forest 9,797 4,669 8,962 255 2,160 1,357 6,640 87.0 (% of land area) 12.2 20.5 5.2 0.3 0.9 19.8 4.9 35.8Woodland 10,449 2,809 38,656 4,122 16,464 1,353 7,797 38.0 (% of land area) 13.1 12.4 22.3 4.2 6.5 19.8 5.8 15.6Unknown 1,526 0.0 1,424 0.0 86.0 11.0 102 4.0 (% of land area) 1.9 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 1.6Commercial plantation 394 423 230 179 383 310 47.6 7.4 (% of land area) 0.5 1.9 0.1 0.2 0.2 4.5 0.0 3.0Other forest b 8.0 30.0 22.0 0.0 57.0 33.0 5.0 1.0 (% of land area) 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.4Total forest vegetation cover 22,683 8,180 51,034 4,556 19,192 3,704 15,222 137 (% of land area) 28.3 36.0 29.5 4.6 7.6 54.2 11.3 56.5Total land area 80,064 22,742 173,065 98,348 252,988 6,840 134,913 243a All forest areas are for 2011 except commercial plantations. Commercial plantation figures are for 2015–16. b Other forest includes non-commercial plantatiosandalwood, environmental plantings and plantations within reserve systems.Note: Totals may not tally exactly because of rounding. Sources: Montreal Process Implementation Group for Australia and National Forest Inventory Steering Committee, 2013, Australia's State of the Forests Report Forest Inventory, ABARES, Canberra; Australian plantation statistics 2017 update, ABARES, Canberra

TABLE 10.2 Land areas, by forest vegetation cover, 2011 a

116

Forestry


Timber, Pulp Paper

board and Log and paper Log and paper Hardwood Softwood

joinery c sawmilling d products e sawmilling products e chips g chips g

index index index index index $/bdt $/bdt1985–86 46.8 na na 32.6 63.3 na na1986–87 49.0 na na 33.9 69.3 na na1987–88 52.0 na na 35.2 76.2 na na1988–89 57.8 na na 39.3 79.5 144 1021989–90 61.9 na na 42.7 82.0 147 1151990–91 63.1 na na 44.5 84.7 148 1271991–92 61.9 na na 44.7 86.1 151 1491992–93 64.2 na na 48.0 86.1 148 1491993–94 71.5 na na 53.0 84.8 150 1381994–95 73.5 na na 56.2 91.0 153 1411995–96 72.1 na na 56.2 102 160 1671996–97 72.0 59.1 101 55.6 89.0 162 1391997–98 73.5 68.2 106 56.4 83.5 152 1441998–99 74.7 67.5 113 57.7 86.4 152 1481999–2000 78.7 73.3 114 61.7 87.2 140 1372000–01 82.5 91.1 130 64.9 92.6 146 1582001–02 83.3 95.6 127 66.0 92.4 149 1582002–03 85.5 70.8 116 69.2 93.6 151 1392003–04 87.7 61.1 106 74.2 89.0 157 1282004–05 89.2 66.1 102 78.0 85.7 158 1332005–06 89.5 71.5 103 80.3 85.5 161 1382006–07 90.7 77.0 106 87.9 87.5 163 1452007–08 95.0 78.5 102 91.9 87.3 176 1652008–09 99.1 105 107 97.9 88.9 188 1962009–10 99.6 99.7 101 97.7 98.6 181 1622010–11 102 101 99.2 99.2 105 179 1512011–12 100 100 100 100 100 180 1562012–13 100 98.2 100 101 96.6 167 1342013–14 103 108 102 102 98.3 163 1442014–15 107 118 103 107 96.3 168 1632015–16 111 125 109 113 95.7 179 1942016–17 113 126 108 119 95.0 179 176

Produced by manufacturers b Used in manufacturing a

a Price indexes of materials used in house building and manufacturing industries; base 2011–12 = 100. b Price indexes of articles produced by manfacturing industries; base 2011–12 = 100. c Price index of materials used in house building; base 2011–12 = 100. d Includes log sawmilling and timber dressing. e Includes pulp and converted paper products. g Average unit fob value of Australian exports in bone dry tonnes. Note: Excludes non-wood forest products.Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), International Trade, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra; ABS, Producer Price Indexes, cat. no. 6427.0, Canberra; URS, Timber Market Survey (various issues), Sydney; Wood Resources International, Wood Resource Quarterly , Seattle, US

TABLE 10.3 Australian prices of selected forest products

117

Forestry


2009–10 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16

$m $m $m $m $m $m $m

Forestry bc 3,495 3,163 3,027 2,855 3,421 3,644 4,777

Log sawmilling 1,321 1,284 1,127 na na 1,591 naWood chipping 628 688 515 na na 236 naTimber resawing and dressing 2,744 2,466 2,245 1,974 1,795 1,900 2,119Total 4,693 4,438 3,886 3,393 3,288 3,727 4,108

Prefabricated wooden building 207 316 195 168 219 205 267

and component 5,376 5,866 5,353 4,620 4,640 5,717 6,223Veneer and plywood 468 413 386 359 359 309 356Reconstituted wood product 1,062 1,206 1,054 896 975 1,155 1,209Other wood products nec 885 909 828 787 741 928 1,032Total 7,999 8,710 7,817 6,829 6,934 8,314 9,087Total wood products 12,665 13,148 11,703 10,223 10,222 12,041 13,195

Pulp, paper and paperboard 2,429 3,108 2,217 3,061 3,168 2,941 3,057

paperboard container 3,306 3,593 3,705 2,801 2,904 3,409 3,513Paper bag 167 185 185 192 145 139 121Paper stationary 704 973 822 865 847 783 795Sanitary paper product 2,237 2,389 2,297 2,267 2,173 2,209 2,200Other converted paper product c 815 653 460 707 551 647 793Total 9,609 10,901 9,685 9,892 9,788 10,128 10,479Total forest product industries 22,274 24,049 21,388 20,115 20,010 22,169 23,674Total manufacturing 378,793 389,181 399,232 387,537 377,425 373,673 371,538

% of total manufacturing 5.9 6.2 5.4 5.2 5.3 5.9 6.4a Sales and service income is defined as follows: sales of goods whether or not manufactured by the business, exclusive of goods and services tax (GST). See Australian Bureau of Statistics publication Explanatory Notes for full details. b Excludes forestry support services which are included in the category total agriculture, forestry and fishing support services. c Forestry estimate for 2014–15 and Other converted paper product estimate for 2011–12 has a relative standard error of 10 per cent to less than 25 per cent and should be used with caution.Note: 2009–10 totals that do not tally exactly are due to Australian Bureau of Statistics updates of totals only. Sources: Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Australian Industry, cat. no. 8155.0, Canberra; ABS, Experimental Estimates for the Manufacturing Industry, 2006–07, 2007–08 and 2008–09, cat. no. 8159.0, Canberra

ANZSIC 2006 group and class

Wood and wood products

Log sawmilling and timber dressing

Other wood product manufacturing

Paper and paper products

Forest product industries

Corrugated paperboard and

Wooden structural fitting

TABLE 10.4 Sales and service income in forest product industries a

118

Forestry


2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17

’000 ’000 ’000 ’000 ’000 ’000 ’000

Forestry and logging 5.8 6.9 7.5 5.6 6.0 5.5 7.4Forestry support services 3.2 3.7 3.0 3.1 2.9 2.6 4.9Total 9.0 10.6 10.5 8.7 8.8 8.1 12.3Total agriculture, forestry and fishing 347 316 311 304 325 312 310% forestry and logging 2.6 3.4 3.4 2.9 2.7 2.6 4.0

Log sawmilling and timber dressing b 11.9 10.3 9.7 11.3 8.5 9.5 7.0Other wood product manufacturing c 26.4 27.4 28.4 32.0 35.9 34.1 30.9Paper and paper products 18.9 15.8 15.6 12.7 13.7 12.9 16.8Total 55.6 53.5 51.7 61.4 55.9 54.6 55.0Total manufacturing industries 974 942 940 926 915 883 901% wood manufacturing industry 5.7 5.7 5.5 6.6 6.1 6.2 6.1

and wood manufacturing 64.6 64.1 62.2 70.1 64.7 62.7 67.3Total employment 11,055 11,201 11,361 11,435 11,599 11,832 11,980

and wood manufacturing 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6a Labour force employment estimates based on ANZSIC 2006, annual data are the average of the total employment (full-time and part-time) quarterly survey numbers. b Comprises log sawmilling, wood chipping, and timber resawing and dressing. c Comprises prefabricated wooden building manufacturing, wooden structural fitting and component manufacturing, veneer and plywood manufacturing, reconstituted wood product manufacturing, and other wood product manufacturing not elsewhere classified.Note: Australian Bureau of Statistics advises caution using employment statistics at the ANZSIC subdivision and group levels because estimates may be subject to sampling variability and standard errors too high for most practical purposes.Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Labour Force, Australia, Detailed, Quarterly - Electronic Delivery, cat. no. 6291.0.55.003, Canberra

Forestry

Total wood manufacturing industry

Total forestry, logging

% total forestry, logging

TABLE 10.5 Employment in forest product industries a

119

Forestry


2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17

$m $m $m $m $m $m $mImports

Roundwood 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.6 1.7 4.0Sawnwood b

Softwood roughsawn 135 105 100 111 128 112 108Softwood dressed 248 248 246 281 382 361 345Hardwood roughsawn 40.1 44.3 41.5 45.7 57.2 55.1 43.9Hardwood dressed 50.3 50.8 35.0 30.8 34.3 27.7 37.3Total 473 448 423 468 601 555 535

Miscellaneous forest products c 707 756 769 946 1,102 1,304 1,204Wood-based panels

Veneers 20.9 20.8 19.1 15.4 22.4 23.6 21.3Plywood 170 183 184 210 264 300 349Particleboard 20.9 26.1 26.9 35.5 37.8 41.0 52.4Hardboard 39.7 53.9 47.5 71.6 67.0 69.2 68.2Medium density fibreboard 34.5 36.3 32.3 35.2 45.3 51.3 50.7Softboard and other fibreboard 3.0 3.2 2.1 2.7 3.0 4.0 4.0Total 289 323 311 370 439 489 545

Paper and paperboardNewsprint 176 90.6 57.9 48.9 48.3 43.6 40.1Printing and writing 1,347 1,217 1,151 1,194 1,123 1,036 877Household and sanitary 185 187 244 208 254 305 296Packaging and industrial 515 543 590 654 728 845 882Total 2,223 2,037 2,043 2,105 2,153 2,230 2,096

Paper manufactures d 557 486 446 537 582 662 648Recovered paper 0.4 0.7 0.9 2.0 1.3 0.3 0.5Pulp 180 164 154 203 217 222 215Woodchips e 1.8 2.0 2.7 3.2 3.2 3.9 4.7Total 4,431 4,217 4,151 4,636 5,099 5,468 5,253

Continued …

TABLE 10.6 Value of Australian wood products trade a

120

Forestry


2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17

$m $m $m $m $m $m $m

Roundwood 198 175 155 292 313 438 598

Softwood roughsawn c 67.2 54.8 61.4 75.2 74.1 67.6 69.3 Softwood dressed 4.5 3.2 2.4 2.9 11.2 7.4 5.4 Hardwood roughsawn 33.6 23.3 19.6 22.5 19.9 17.1 29.0 Hardwood dressed 9.6 6.9 6.4 7.2 4.5 11.0 6.1 Total 115 88.2 89.9 108 110 103 110Railway sleepers 3.0 2.8 2.9 2.5 1.9 1.7 1.5Miscellaneous forest products d 59.7 64.8 76.3 88.6 97.9 141 207

Veneers 52.1 50.6 24.5 29.0 26.9 24.1 40.3 Plywood 1.7 2.2 4.1 2.9 2.9 4.2 4.4 Particleboard 2.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.6 2.3 1.9 Hardboard e 2.1 1.8 2.1 2.0 2.4 7.0 3.4 Medium density fibreboard 39.4 26.3 18.5 25.7 27.3 27.9 22.5 Softboard and other fibreboards 0.6 0.7 0.2 0.4 6.3 1.1 0.3 Total 98.3 83.0 50.8 61.5 67.3 66.5 72.8

Newsprint 13.3 15.5 36.2 59.1 38.9 33.4 96.9 Printing and writing 88.4 120 117 139 146 128 95.8 Household and sanitary 94.0 63.7 32.8 48.7 59.6 53.2 37.8 Packaging and industrial 552 518 526 605 657 683 680 Total 747 717 712 853 901 898 910Paper manufactures g 112 134 132 132 109 102 110Recovered paper 240 240 230 241 241 249 260Pulp 11.3 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.7Woodchips hi 884 729 611 768 954 1,096 1,083Total 2,469 2,235 2,059 2,546 2,795 3,094 3,353a Values are value for duty for imports and free on board from Australian ports for exports. b Excludes railway sleepers. c Softwood roughsawn includes softwood dressed from January 2017. d Includes such items as wooden doors, mouldings, packing cases, parquetry flooring, builders carpentry, cork, gums, resins, eucalyptus oils and other miscellaneous wood articles. Excludes wooden furniture. e Uncoated hardboard confidential from January 2007. g Includes such items as boxes, bags, account books, note books, letter pads and other paper stationery. h Includes particles. i Softwood woodchips are subject to ABS confidentiality restrictions from March 2016 to May 2017 and are not included in these figures.Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra

Paper and paperboard

Wood-based panels

Sawnwood b

Exports

TABLE 10.6 Value of Australian wood products trade a continued

121

Forestry


2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17

’000 m3 ’000 m3 ’000 m3 ’000 m3 ’000 m3 ’000 m3 ’000 m3

Production ab 730 735 744 668 627 675 naImports c 88.0 82.1 69.7 66.1 69.1 60.8 60.7Exports c 69.8 40.4 27.0 98.6 190 42.4 48.1Apparent consumption d 748 776 787 636 507 693 na

Production abe 3,826 3,643 3,849 4,220 4,458 4,429 naImports c 758 709 689 720 899 780 726Exports c 275 211 210 272 325 258 273Apparent consumption d 4,310 4,141 4,328 4,668 5,032 4,952 na

Production ab 4,556 4,378 4,593 4,888 5,085 5,104 naImports c 846 791 759 786 968 841 787Exports c 344 252 237 371 515 300 321Apparent consumption d 5,058 4,917 5,115 5,304 5,538 5,645 naa Includes railway sleepers. Excludes posts and poles. b Since 2005–06 ABARES estimates based on survey reports (Burns, Sledge and Wicks 2009; Burns and Burke 2012; Gavran et al. 2014) and volume of sawlogs harvested. c Excludes railway sleepers. d Apparent consumption calculated as domestic production plus imports minus exports. e Includes native cypress pine.Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra; State and territory forest services; forest industry associations; private industry

Hardwood

Softwood

Total hardwood and softwood

TABLE 10.7 Australian production, trade and apparent consumption of sawnwood

122

Forestry


2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17

’000 m3 ’000 m3 ’000 m3 ’000 m3 ’000 m3 ’000 m3 ’000 m3

Spruce pine 85.1 84.9 77.9 93.9 113 103 95.0

Douglas fir 32.8 34.2 36.2 34.8 38.2 15.3 4.8Western red cedar 29.5 22.3 27.5 22.5 24.5 24.5 12.8Other 6.9 3.9 2.7 3.9 10.7 29.8 46.3Total 69.1 60.4 66.4 61.1 73.3 69.6 63.9

Meranti a 15.4 11.3 12.0 11.7 11.9 11.1 10.3Other 18.7 18.8 14.8 13.6 15.1 13.4 16.0Total 34.1 30.1 26.7 25.2 27.0 24.4 26.3

Radiata pine 184 200 183 180 159 141 111Douglas fir 23.0 19.9 19.0 31.0 25.9 22.7 12.1Other 57.9 58.1 57.7 55.8 56.2 62.9 57.6Total 265 278 259 267 241 226 181

Douglas fir 0.2 4.3 8.8 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.0Western red cedar 1.2 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.0 0.0Other 27.0 51.5 36.0 23.0 19.4 13.9 13.6Total 28.4 56.6 45.5 24.0 20.1 14.0 13.6

Asia 82.4 72.7 62.3 61.1 71.8 70.0 85.5Europe 239 187 170 224 360 289 242North America 97.5 117 112 85.1 93.5 83.6 77.5Pacific 274 287 267 273 247 233 186South America 59.0 67.8 78.9 80.8 98.1 65.4 65.1Other 93.6 60.0 69.6 61.7 97.7 101 130Total 846 791 759 786 968 841 787(value $m) 473 448 423 468 601 555 535a Includes lauan and seraya.Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra

Country

Czech Republic

Canada

Malaysia

New Zealand

United States

Region

TABLE 10.8 Volume of Australian imports of sawnwood, by source and type

123

Forestry


2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17

’000 m3 ’000 m3 ’000 m3 ’000 m3 ’000 m3 ’000 m3 ’000 m3

Plywood 140 160 128 145 159 171 151Particleboard 986 866 837 855 903 955 968

fibreboard 605 466 460 475 523 574 593Total 1,731 1,492 1,425 1,475 1,584 1,699 1,712

Veneers 17.4 14.7 12.6 8.6 12.5 14.1 14.5Plywood 278 293 278 287 341 357 405Particleboard 71.6 67.2 72.2 95.1 94.6 89.2 124Hardboard 48.5 69.1 59.8 86.2 81.7 91.4 99.2

fibreboard 58.0 91.1 76.6 65.3 85.1 88.8 98.3

other fibreboards 6.5 7.1 5.6 5.1 6.7 7.4 6.3Total 480 542 505 548 622 648 747

Veneers 119 106 51.6 63.7 50.1 45.2 78.1Plywood 6.9 18.1 36.4 35.8 13.9 30.5 36.5Particleboard 5.9 4.5 1.9 5.5 11.3 10.8 4.7Hardboard b 2.2 1.9 2.4 2.7 10.9 21.3 3.9

fibreboard 115 79.3 52.4 74.9 78.0 85.2 66.2

other fibreboards 4.7 4.6 1.1 0.9 21 3.9 1.2Total 254 214 146 184 185 197 191

Plywood d 411 435 370 397 486 497 519Particleboard 1,052 929 907 944 986 1,033 1,087

fibreboard 548 478 484 465 530 577 625Total 2,011 1,841 1,761 1,806 2,002 2,108 2,232

Medium density

Medium density

a Excludes veneers, hardboard, laminated veneer lumber and softboards. b Uncoated hardboard not available from January 2007 due to ABS confidentiality requirements. c Apparent consumption calculated as domestic production plus imports minus exports. d Excludes laminated veneer lumber production from July 2003 because of commercial confidentiality requirements.Sources: Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra; Engineered Wood Products Association of Australasia

Production a

Imports

Exports

Apparent consumption ac

Medium density

Softboard and

Medium density

Softboard and

TABLE 10.9 Australian production, trade and apparent consumption of panel products

124

Forestry


2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17

’000 m3 ’000 m3 ’000 m3 ’000 m3 ’000 m3 ’000 m3 ’000 m3

Malaysia 3.0 2.1 2.1 1.8 1.8 2.8 2.7New Zealand 8.3 2.5 2.9 0.8 2.7 4.1 1.8Philippines 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Singapore 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1South Africa 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0Thailand 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0United States 0.7 0.8 1.0 0.6 0.8 1.3 3.5Other 4.9 9.0 6.2 5.3 6.8 5.9 6.3Total 17.4 14.7 12.6 8.6 12.5 14.1 14.5(value, $m) 20.9 20.8 19.1 15.4 22.4 23.6 21.3

Chile 54.7 59.4 50.5 35.2 46.2 26.8 42.8China 36.8 47.3 55.0 75.2 89.7 114 142Indonesia 41.7 38.7 38.1 36.2 44.1 46.5 45.9Malaysia 41.9 34.3 39.2 47.7 45.7 45.3 42.6New Zealand 59.1 61.8 38.2 42.5 49.2 60.3 48.0Other 43.3 51.4 57.0 50.3 66.5 64.3 83.4Total 278 293 278 287 341 357 405(value, $m) 170 183 184 210 264 300 349

Germany 27.0 15.0 16.1 15.3 15.8 5.2 15.1New Zealand 6.4 19.5 16.2 24.8 20.9 20.8 27.5Other 38.2 32.6 40.0 54.9 57.9 63.2 81.8Total 71.6 67.2 72.2 95.1 94.6 89.2 124(value, $m) 20.9 26.1 26.9 35.5 37.8 41.0 52.4

Germany 5.7 5.0 3.0 7.0 4.6 11.9 9.6Malaysia 3.3 4.1 3.2 4.8 7.1 4.5 4.4New Zealand 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0Other 39.4 59.9 53.5 74.0 70.0 75.0 85.2Total 48.5 69.1 59.8 86.2 81.7 91.4 99.2(value, $m) 39.7 53.9 47.5 71.6 67.0 69.2 68.2

Malaysia 11.0 19.9 20.7 21.7 24.0 26.4 25.0New Zealand 17.3 15.6 3.7 2.4 3.0 10.5 2.0Other 29.6 55.6 52.2 41.1 58.1 51.9 71.3Total 58.0 91.1 76.6 65.3 85.1 88.8 98.3(value, $m) 34.5 36.3 32.3 35.2 45.3 51.3 50.7

Germany 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.0 0.0 1.2 1.5New Zealand 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.2Other 6.2 6.4 5.4 5.0 6.3 6.0 4.7Total 6.5 7.1 5.6 5.1 6.7 7.4 6.3(value, $m) 3.0 3.2 2.1 2.7 3.0 4.0 4.0Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra

Veneers

Plywood

Particleboard

Hardboard

Medium density fibreboard

Softboard and other fibreboards

TABLE 10.10 Volume of Australian imports of veneer and wood-based panels, by source

125

Forestry


2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17


Newsprint 439 435 405 365 325 319 na

writing paper 342 358 369 392 470 513 naHousehold and sanitary 183 166 188 204 201 215 na

industrial paper 2,191 2,232 2,054 2,076 2,146 2,177 naTotal 3,155 3,191 3,016 3,037 3,142 3,224 na

Newsprint 222 121 84.7 75.2 76.3 69.3 64.9

writing paper 1,237 1,174 1,155 1,172 1,040 960 861Household and sanitary 114 118 159 123 142 155 164

industrial paper 314 333 385 357 392 410 427Total 1,886 1,746 1,783 1,727 1,651 1,595 1,516

Newsprint 19.4 29.6 71.6 84.5 56.2 49.8 193

writing paper 84.1 132 139 153 141 139 95.7Household and sanitary 38.7 26.2 11.5 19.7 23.1 17.0 15.8

industrial paper 887 933 906 950 948 924 939Total 1,029 1,121 1,127 1,207 1,168 1,130 1,243

Newsprint 641 526 418 356 345 339 na

writing paper 1,495 1,400 1,385 1,411 1,369 1,334 naHousehold and sanitary 258 258 335 308 320 353 na

industrial paper 1,618 1,632 1,534 1,483 1,591 1,664 naTotal 4,012 3,816 3,672 3,557 3,625 3,689 naa Apparent consumption calculated as domestic production plus imports minus exports.Sources: ABARES; Australia Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra; Australian Forest Products Association

Production

Imports

Exports

Apparent consumption a

Packaging and

Printing and

Packaging and

Printing and

Packaging and

Printing and

Packaging and

Printing and

TABLE 10.11 Australian production, trade and apparent consumption of paper and paper products

126

Forestry


2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17


Finland 4.3 4.2 4.9 0.2 1.6 1.6 1.0Indonesia 20.7 12.5 13.1 8.3 7.5 7.1 6.1Korea, Rep. of 46.5 46.1 30.6 34.0 41.9 31.8 38.1New Zealand 112 31.4 9.0 9.9 8.9 9.2 6.8Norway 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Other 31.8 21.9 24.2 21.3 14.5 19.0 12.6Total 222 121 84.7 75.2 76.3 69.3 64.9(value, $m) 176 90.6 57.9 48.9 48.3 43.6 40.1

Belgium 11.7 11.4 5.3 5.4 4.1 5.7 6.4China 63.3 92.1 131 147 137 103 72.8Finland 107 101 210 224 157 116 92.9France 7.4 13.6 6.7 6.3 6.9 5.6 5.7Germany 54.5 52.1 52.4 70.8 44.7 47.7 38.5Indonesia 24.8 20.8 19.4 22.2 32.8 38.4 33.9Italy 45.6 47.1 59.3 58.5 48.6 41.4 38.4Japan 65.1 4.7 19.2 39.0 42.2 47.7 26.0Korea, Rep. of 89.5 92.0 67.2 74.5 79.1 108 97.2New Zealand 42.2 34.3 32.7 39.5 34.9 43.6 42.1Sweden 64.2 71.0 92.7 83.3 81.2 72.4 50.5United Kingdom 18.0 39.4 26.6 21.1 21.2 27.2 23.7United States 87.1 93.1 82.1 73.9 60.1 56.5 85.1Other b 556 501 350 306 289 247 248Total 1,237 1,174 1,155 1,172 1,040 960 861(value, $m) 1,347 1,217 1,151 1,194 1,123 1,036 877

China 53.5 66.2 96.8 73.1 86.8 79.9 88.3Indonesia 16.2 14.7 24.7 14.6 23.8 41.9 40.3New Zealand 28.4 20.5 15.9 14.4 14.6 14.8 11.1Other 15.8 16.3 21.0 21.3 17.2 18.4 24.3Total 114 118 159 123 142 155 164(value, $m) 185 187 244 208 254 305 296

Continued …

Newsprint a

Printing and writing paper

Household and sanitary products

TABLE 10.12 Volume of Australian imports of paper and paperboard, by type and source

127

Forestry


2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17


China 41.0 54.4 64.4 88.1 101 113 116Czech Republic 3.7 2.3 0.9 1.1 3.0 3.6 4.0Finland 25.4 17.4 20.9 10.2 14.6 19.4 20.2France 5.0 3.3 2.9 4.0 8.3 4.0 2.4Germany 9.9 9.8 10.4 8.1 7.4 8.4 6.7Hong Kong 1.7 2.5 3.3 3.1 5.0 2.5 1.0Indonesia 10.2 9.0 11.8 9.6 11.6 10.4 11.0Italy 3.7 2.8 3.6 4.5 5.5 6.7 6.9Japan 4.7 4.4 4.0 4.1 4.5 7.2 11.5Malaysia 16.7 19.3 19.6 20.5 20.0 22.8 25.8New Zealand 97.0 110 101 86.4 98.5 101 108Singapore 4.1 2.9 3.0 2.2 3.0 16.0 9.5South Africa 4.2 2.7 6.4 7.4 8.6 10.0 7.3Sweden 9.2 11.4 14.1 12.7 10.3 9.1 8.8Thailand 7.4 4.7 16.3 2.8 3.5 5.1 4.3United Kingdom 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.9 3.6 3.0 2.9United States 28.2 29.6 35.5 40.6 39.0 26.2 25.1Other b 38.9 43.7 64.3 48.6 44.9 42.3 54.9Total 314 333 385 357 392 410 427(value, $m) 515 543 590 654 728 845 882a Uncoated paper (at least 60 per cent mechanical pulp) used mainly for the printing of newspapers. b Includes imports for which country of origin is confidential. Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra

Packaging and industrial

TABLE 10.12 Volume of Australian imports of paper and paperboard, by type and source continued

128

Forestry


2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17


Canada 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0New Zealand 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1United States 0.2 0.4 1.9 1.6 2.4 1.5 2.0Total 0.5 0.6 2.3 1.8 2.5 1.8 2.1(value, $m) 0.4 0.4 1.6 1.3 2.3 2.0 1.5

Brazil 38.4 39.2 56.1 61.8 59.6 72.8 89.1Canada 72.5 74.1 47.0 40.3 36.5 38.3 35.1Chile 30.6 41.4 38.1 48.9 49.8 34.6 26.5Hungary 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Indonesia 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 3.0 4.0 0.2New Zealand 57.9 57.9 71.9 86.1 97.7 93.0 100Thailand 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0United States 7.8 15.3 21.2 30.1 25.5 21.9 23.5Other 11.2 8.0 0.7 3.9 7.1 5.7 17.5Total 219 236 235 271 279 270 292(value, $m) 168 151 137 181 196 209 208

Brazil 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Canada 0.0 1.7 0.9 0.1 0.7 0.0 0.2Chile 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Indonesia 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0New Zealand 13.2 14.6 15.7 5.8 9.4 7.2 2.8Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Total 13.2 16.3 16.6 6.0 10.1 7.3 3.0(value, $m) 10.8 10.3 9.6 4.8 9.5 9.1 4.3

Total wood pulp 233 256 263 297 302 281 299(value, $m) 180 164 154 203 217 222 215Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra

Mechanical

Chemical

Semichemical

TABLE 10.13 Volume of Australian imports of wood pulp, by type and source

129

Forestry


Imports

Roundwood a Roundwood a Softwood Hardwood Total

'000 m3 '000 m3 kt kt kt1973–74 102 na na na na1974–75 37.2 na na na na1975–76 46.4 na na na na1976–77 32.2 na na na na1977–78 27.6 na na na 1,540 1978–79 17.0 na na na 1,777 1979–80 0.6 na na na 2,213 1980–81 0.1 na na na 2,110 1981–82 1.7 na na na 1,910 1982–83 1.7 na na na 1,898 1983–84 0.5 na na na 2,222 1984–85 0.5 na na na 2,283 1985–86 1.0 na na na 2,224 1986–87 1.0 na na na 2,477 1987–88 1.0 na na na 2,749 1988–89 2.9 8.4 110 2,787 2,897 1989–90 6.3 16.3 122 2,475 2,597 1990–91 0.5 79.6 118 2,687 2,804 1991–92 0.3 86.3 317 2,454 2,770 1992–93 1.6 242 384 2,458 2,843 1993–94 6.1 421 503 2,530 3,033 1994–95 2.1 287 857 2,870 3,728 1995–96 1.6 351 820 2,531 3,351 1996–97 1.1 616 852 2,471 3,323 1997–98 6.1 391 1,045 3,270 4,315 1998–99 5.7 778 1,033 2,852 3,885 1999–2000 2.3 1,150 1,046 3,582 4,628 2000–01 1.3 1,098 1,100 3,894 4,994 2001–02 0.9 1,192 849 3,872 4,721 2002–03 2.3 1,199 995 4,442 5,437 2003–04 1.7 1,335 1,099 4,165 5,264 2004–05 1.4 807 1,104 4,494 5,598 2005–06 0.6 864 989 4,374 5,363 2006–07 5.0 1,171 1,072 4,880 5,952 2007–08 0.7 1,045 1,133 5,033 6,166 2008–09 1.4 986 964 4,291 5,255 2009–10 0.9 1,377 847 3,971 4,818 2010–11 0.6 1,638 787 4,278 5,064 2011–12 1.1 1,806 776 3,374 4,150 2012–13 1.3 1,516 706 3,100 3,806 2013–14 0.6 2,363 569 4,207 4,776 2014–15 0.8 2,616 662 5,045 5,707 2015–16 1.8 3,685 431 5,651 6,082 2016–17 c 0.5 4,323 34.2 6,033 6,067 a Includes sawlogs and pulplogs. b Bone dry tonnes. Includes particles. c Softwood woodchips are subject to ABS confidentiality restrictions from March 2016 to May 2017 and are not included in these figures.Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra

Exports

Woodchips b

TABLE 10.14 Volume of Australian roundwood and woodchip trade

130

Horticulture


Production bc Exports Imports Exports Imports Production b Exports Imports

$m $m $m $m $m $m $m $m1989–90 1,176 297 170 16.3 63.6 1,328 112 2151990–91 1,250 344 166 35.2 63.0 1,285 126 1851991–92 1,599 435 227 23.5 81.1 1,290 166 1991992–93 1,572 459 212 42.1 77.4 1,249 178 2351993–94 1,478 460 216 42.3 90.5 1,444 240 2691994–95 1,579 449 251 60.5 87.6 1,492 279 2561995–96 1,710 484 292 86.9 92.1 1,616 277 2661996–97 1,891 562 290 76.2 104 1,662 256 2641997–98 1,819 528 305 81.2 112 1,812 314 2891998–99 1,990 556 381 85.1 108 1,864 373 3221999–2000 1,976 566 384 102 114 1,862 300 3262000–01 2,253 661 397 97.6 114 2,183 322 3562001–02 2,333 728 429 140 116 2,269 368 3822002–03 2,408 727 476 113 128 2,258 349 4262003–04 2,350 551 500 146 139 2,356 301 4422004–05 2,767 599 574 197 176 2,134 278 4332005–06 2,833 629 565 204 217 2,878 273 4532006–07 3,739 600 691 174 199 3,165 273 5342007–08 2,959 586 779 181 199 3,363 263 6382008–09 3,157 683 821 233 218 3,012 281 7402009–10 3,348 585 773 212 213 3,023 282 6462010–11 3,315 456 818 211 245 3,338 296 6862011–12 3,366 505 937 240 295 3,339 275 8142012–13 3,966 634 864 348 287 3,770 257 7962013–14 3,518 724 1,089 610 346 3,510 268 8712014–15 3,855 755 1,232 734 425 3,350 289 9422015–16 4,678 1,072 1,287 930 487 3,585 340 1,0312016–17 4,377 1,087 1,286 820 478 4,020 354 1,002a Excludes pulses. b Gross value of production. c Gross value of fruit and nuts excludes wine grapes. Note: Details for establishments with estimated value of agricultural operations (EVAO) of $20,000 or more from 1986–87 to 1990–91; EVAO of $22,500 or more from 1991–92 to 1992–93; EVAO of $5,000 or more from 1993–94 to 2014–15; and EVAO of $40,000 from 2015–16.Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Agricultural Commodities, Australia, cat. no. 7121.0, Canberra; ABS, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra; ABS, Value of Principal Agricultural Commodities Produced, Australia, cat. no. 7501.0, Canberra; ABS, Value of Agricultural Commodities Produced, Australia, cat. no. 7503.0, Canberra

Fruit and nuts

Fruit Nuts

Vegetables a

TABLE 11.1 Summary of Australian statistics for fruit, nuts and vegetables

131

Horticulture


Wine Drying

making and table Total Production a

kt kt kt kt kt $m kt $m1991–92 564 423 987 102 44.5 82.7 9.7 13.81992–93 544 247 791 45.4 55.1 96.9 5.3 7.41993–94 661 258 920 50.4 41.2 73.4 4.7 6.11994–95 577 191 769 53.5 14.7 29.7 7.4 9.11995–96 782 304 1,087 37.7 15.2 34.3 9.3 12.21996–97 743 200 943 69.3 25.3 52.2 10.3 14.21997–98 871 242 1,112 29.0 12.3 29.8 11.9 19.61998–99 1,076 189 1,266 44.0 13.7 36.8 16.2 27.81999–2000 1,111 200 1,311 31.0 4.9 13.3 17.1 28.92000–01 1,391 155 1,546 16.7 6.4 17.0 16.9 29.02001–02 1,515 239 1,754 34.0 5.9 13.9 21.1 31.32002–03 1,330 167 1,497 17.0 9.7 19.9 19.1 28.32003–04 1,817 198 2,015 27.0 6.8 14.7 25.0 37.22004–05 1,818 208 2,027 28.5 6.6 15.4 21.3 29.92005–06 1,782 200 1,981 28.2 7.3 17.6 12.0 19.52006–07 1,371 160 1,530 17.4 6.8 15.7 26.7 40.32007–08 1,837 120 1,957 11.0 4.9 12.7 25.8 45.42008–09 1,684 172 1,856 17.1 4.3 14.8 27.3 61.22009–10 1,533 151 1,684 13.6 4.0 13.4 26.8 51.12010–11 1,598 160 1,758 7.4 1.8 6.1 22.4 47.22011–12 1,582 74.6 1,657 13.4 1.2 4.1 29.7 67.92012–13 1,642 121 1,763 na 1.2 4.9 24.1 51.42013–14 1,438 119 1,557 na 2.9 9.7 23.6 57.32014–15 1,608 121 1,729 na 2.5 10.3 22.1 49.62015–16 1,752 155 1,773 na 5.0 19.4 20.3 52.12016–17 1,835 na na na 4.5 18.7 21.9 46.6a Dry weight. Note: Details for establishments with estimated value of agricultural operations (EVAO) of $22,500 or more from 1991–92 to 1992–93; EVAO of $5,000 or more from 1993–94 to 2014–15; and EVAO of $40,000 from 2015–16.Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Agricultural Commodities, Australia, cat. no. 7121.0, Canberra; ABS, Australian Wine and Grape Industry, cat. no. 1329, Canberra; ABS, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra; ABS, Vineyards Estimates, cat. no. 1329.0.55.002, Canberra

Grape production

Dried vine fruit

Exports Imports

TABLE 11.2 Australian production and trade for grapes and dried vine fruit

132

Horticulture


Unit 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17

Production a kt 291 390 401 350 338 399 395value $m 198 301 346 328 288 377 391

Navel kt 67.1 100 113 107 107 134 139 Valencia kt 15.6 16.3 15.0 15.2 13.5 21.5 21.4

Navel $m 73,952 96,211 112,996 121,686 125,293 173,792 191,896 Valencia $m 17,682 12,097 12,104 13,933 13,091 21,254 25,673Imports c kt 23.4 18.0 18.5 19.8 16.4 14.6 20.7

value $m 27,741 21,327 23,605 30,375 27,920 25,326 34,957

Production kt 97.9 85.1 91.1 100 101 125 118value $m 137 116 137 154 156 199 na

Exports c kt 24.3 32.6 32.9 35.7 31.6 49.0 52.3value $m 38,969 46,033 54,999 57,076 55,248 84,768 102,633

Imports c kt 3,205 2,378 3,716 2,155 3,006 3,375 4,324value $m 7,008 4,618 8,516 5,934 8,954 9,082 10,598

Production kt 30.2 na na na na 46.8 navalue $m 69.2 na na na na 123 na

Exports c kt 0.3 0.4 0.5 1.4 2.7 4.1 1.7value $m 652 917 1,057 3,084 6,130 9,584 4,789

Imports c kt 6,516 4,043 6,196 7,149 7,334 6,464 7,812value $m 11,897 6,329 9,255 16,404 21,810 19,740 22,266

Production kt 11 na na na na 8.2 naExports c kt 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.4 1.2

value $m 532 711 929 323 288 717 2,505Imports c kt 1,019 974 1,222 1,480 1,343 1,036 1,291

value $m 1,175 1,228 1,770 2,365 2,298 1,821 2,514

Production kt 300 289 289 267 295 308 307value $m 595 465 441 434 556 541 na

Exports b kt 2.5 2.9 3.9 2.1 2.1 4.7 5.0value $m 6.0 6.0 7.2 4.5 5.9 12.4 12.8

Production kt 123 119 109 98.0 105 105 navalue $m 175 102 115 107 125 90.9 na

Exports b kt 4.8 6.6 7.0 6.5 7.6 12.3 7.1value $m 7.5 9.0 10.3 10.5 12.5 21.7 12.2

Production kt 203 286 330 254 252 354 335value $m 316 467 491 341 455 409 601

Citrus

Oranges

Exports b

Mandarins

Apples

Pears

Bananas

Value

a Total orange production including navel, valencia and other varieties. b Fresh. c Fresh and dried. Note: Series break in 2015–16. Prior to 2015–16 figures are based on establishments with an estimated value of agricultural operations (EVAO) of $5,000. From 2015–16 (inclusive) figures are based on establishments with an EVAO of $40,000.Sources: Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Agricultural Commodities, Australia, cat. no. 7121.0, Canberra; ABS, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra

Lemons and limes

Grapefruit

TABLE 11.3 Production and trade of Australian fruit

133

Horticulture


Unit 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17

Production kt 1,128 1,288 1,273 1,171 1,155 1,130 1,295value $m 553 626 690 620 618 520 672

value $m 54,296 47,226 47,370 39,453 35,438 43,398 47,226

value $m 106 164 132 143 160 165 176

Production kt 302 372 456 326 389 405 334value $m 418 352 439 351 311 305 482

Fresh kt 2.4 1.5 0.4 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.5value $m 5,921 4,551 1,981 2,811 2,381 3,023 2,522

Processed kt 6.7 7.6 2.6 7.1 11.4 14.8 16.9value $m 14,856 15,984 7,460 10,673 19,332 21,061 21,084

Processed kt 113 125 118 119 115 122 120value $m 113 125 115 145 147 163 153


Exports a kt 58.1 58.5 51.6 45.3 39.5 44.1 24.8value $m 33,774 26,371 27,601 27,865 22,486 28,994 18,328


Exports b kt 69.7 69.3 67.3 72.0 78.2 100 103value $m 52,017 51,349 51,127 55,917 61,102 80,755 90,790

Production kt 145 115 164 123 140 140 navalue $m 164 129 193 141 168 187 na

Exports b kt 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.5value $m 5,481 4,802 4,689 5,481 5,638 6,631 9,582

Production kt 49.7 46.5 50.0 60.0 42.8 50.4 navalue $m 293 267 285 318 274 323 na

Exports t 145 340 95 142 108 152 124value $m 1.6 2.4 2.7 4.2 4.4 4.5 5.7

a Fresh and processed. b Fresh.Note: Series break in 2015–16. Prior to 2015–16 figures are based on establishments with an estimated value of agricultural operations (EVAO) of $5,000. From 2015–16 (inclusive) figures are based on establishments with an EVAO of $40,000.Sources: Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Agricultural Commodities, Australia, cat. no. 7121.0, Canberra; ABS, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465, Canberra

Lettuce

Mushrooms

Potatoes

Tomatoes

Onions

Carrots

Export a

Imports a

Exports

Imports

TABLE 11.4 Production and trade of Australian vegetables

134

Meat – general


Beef Lamb

Cattle Sheep Domestic and and Pig Chicken

numbers a numbers a Production Exports consumption veal mutton meat meat

million million kt (cw) kt (cw) kt (cw) kg (cw) kg (cw) kg (cw) kg (cw)1973-74 30.3 145 2,000 880 1,047 40.4 23.7 12.1 12.41974-75 32.2 152 2,250 784 1,370 63.4 25.2 10.0 11.81975-76 32.8 148 2,602 1,066 1,379 66.7 22.0 9.6 13.01976-77 31.5 135 2,722 1,254 1,375 68.8 18.1 10.0 13.61977-78 29.3 131 2,897 1,378 1,362 66.5 17.6 10.7 15.21978-79 27.1 134 2,708 1,446 1,249 57.4 18.3 10.3 16.61979-80 26.2 136 2,330 1,113 1,241 49.6 20.3 14.6 19.01980-81 25.2 134 2,278 1,049 1,267 48.8 20.4 15.7 18.31981-82 24.5 138 2,315 1,001 1,273 49.4 19.3 15.1 17.01982-83 22.5 131 2,312 1,052 1,250 45.5 20.4 15.3 18.21983-84 22.2 135 2,064 833 1,250 42.0 21.9 16.4 17.31984-85 22.8 146 2,086 760 1,288 41.8 23.4 16.4 19.81985-86 23.4 150 2,234 915 1,309 41.0 23.8 17.0 20.71986-87 21.9 149 2,388 1,076 1,264 39.0 21.9 16.8 21.01987-88 21.9 152 2,471 1,176 1,328 39.9 22.7 17.6 22.11988-89 22.4 162 2,343 989 1,346 40.9 21.4 17.7 23.91989-90 23.2 170 2,622 1,210 1,388 40.4 23.2 18.0 24.61990-91 23.7 163 2,741 1,362 1,383 38.8 21.7 17.9 22.51991-92 23.9 148 2,794 1,455 1,349 36.8 20.9 19.3 23.81992-93 24.1 138 2,809 1,504 1,300 35.3 19.9 19.0 24.71993-94 25.8 133 2,829 1,498 1,367 35.9 21.0 19.9 26.31994-95 25.7 121 2,790 1,450 1,352 36.3 18.2 20.2 25.91995-96 26.4 121 2,666 1,396 1,285 34.4 16.8 18.9 26.41996-97 26.7 120 2,712 1,371 1,373 38.8 16.8 18.6 25.91997-98 26.9 117 2,930 1,578 1,379 37.4 16.8 19.2 28.51998-99 26.6 115 3,009 1,664 1,375 35.9 16.6 19.8 29.01999-00 27.6 119 3,031 1,680 1,430 36.6 17.6 20.0 30.62000-01 27.7 111 3,200 1,908 1,353 33.7 17.1 18.4 31.02001-02 27.9 106 3,067 1,818 1,358 32.8 15.0 20.4 33.22002-03 26.7 99.3 3,090 1,812 1,396 34.3 13.5 21.3 33.92003-04 27.5 101 3,000 1,706 1,425 35.0 12.5 22.6 33.82004-05 27.8 101 3,142 1,894 1,425 32.8 12.6 24.1 36.22005-06 28.4 91.0 3,092 1,824 1,423 32.8 12.7 22.9 36.82006-07 28.0 85.7 3,292 1,976 1,534 33.6 13.4 25.6 37.82007-08 27.3 76.9 3,178 1,905 1,489 32.3 12.3 24.6 36.22008-09 27.9 72.7 3,082 1,923 1,465 29.3 12.0 24.4 36.72009-10 26.6 68.1 3,014 1,767 1,555 32.9 10.8 26.0 36.82010-11 28.5 73.1 2,990 1,812 1,496 31.0 9.5 24.9 44.12011-12 28.4 74.7 3,004 1,853 1,475 28.9 9.4 25.7 43.72012-13 29.3 75.5 3,241 2,012 1,569 30.6 9.7 26.5 43.92013-14 29.1 72.6 3,526 2,309 1,518 29.6 9.0 24.8 44.72014-15 27.4 70.9 3,754 2,564 1,528 27.4 9.2 27.3 45.52015-16 25.0 67.5 3,434 2,291 1,487 24.6 8.8 27.6 48.5a Year ended 31 March. Details for establishments with estimated value of agricultural operations (EVAO) of $1,500 or more until 1980–81; $2,500 or more from 1981–82 to 1985–86; EVAO of $20,000 or more from 1986–87 to 1990–91; EVAO of $22,500 or more from 1991–92 to 1992–93; EVAO of $5,000 or more from 1993–94 to 2014–15; and EVAO of $40,000 from 2015–16.Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Agricultural Commodities, Australia, cat. no. 7121.0, Canberra; ABS, Historical Selected Agriculture Commodities, by State (1861 to Present), Australia, cat. no. 7124.0, Canberra; ABS, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5464.0, Canberra; ABS, Livestock and Meat, Australia, cat. no. 7218.0.55.001, Canberra

Total red meat

Apparent

consumption per person

TABLE 12.1 Summary of Australian statistics for meat

135

Meat – general


Weighted

Yearling Ox b Cow c average d Lamb e Mutton g Pig h

c/kg (cw) c/kg (cw) c/kg (cw) c/kg (cw) c/kg (cw) c/kg (cw) c/kg (cw)1991 227 220 175 203 121 11.2 2141992 224 228 172 202 131 28.9 1961993 238 254 182 219 185 34.3 2131994 255 246 184 221 146 34.1 2021995 235 218 166 200 192 68.4 2131996 181 164 128 154 234 67.7 2471997 188 188 134 163 199 75.2 2191998 204 206 157 180 178 79.0 1801999 227 217 183 203 204 60.9 2162000 261 246 219 237 170 71.8 2492001 330 318 289 307 262 146 2762002 289 276 235 259 327 170 2602003 319 313 250 282 388 204 2302004 343 328 281 310 376 182 2292005 366 333 285 321 348 169 2332006 339 329 267 304 326 140 2462007 319 318 254 288 322 153 2432008 329 323 268 298 385 174 2772009 308 301 253 280 439 254 3382010 341 323 272 304 497 372 2782011 387 344 293 334 547 409 2792012 369 334 277 319 416 245 2772013 329 318 247 287 412 196 3002014 347 337 275 308 509 308 3102015 497 486 419 456 538 335 3382016 606 554 468 528 546 343 375

January 571 512 436 494 519 270 381February 572 523 459 509 527 290 383March 573 524 458 507 513 282 384April 561 512 425 481 512 298 380May 566 521 431 486 545 331 376June 594 561 482 528 587 388 372July 629 603 513 565 618 391 371August 647 614 520 579 590 372 370September 670 612 508 579 566 376 370October 663 578 496 564 545 370 371November 608 548 447 523 522 368 372December 613 542 440 518 510 376 374

January 576 562 450 520 581 392 367February 556 545 473 515 630 424 355March 566 534 453 505 596 428 333April 594 565 500 543 646 476 313May 619 539 429 512 645 501 299June 569 537 435 496 656 506 284July 564 520 430 489 598 422 270August 542 493 395 462 597 411 271September 527 488 420 468 602 380 277a Prices are for export quality stock, with the exception of ‘yearling’. Quotation is the monthly average of fat stock prices in each major state market, weighted by the monthly production of each meat in the respective states. b Ox, 500–600 kilograms lw. c Cow, 400–520 kilograms lw. d Weighted average saleyard price for yearling, ox and cow. e Lamb before January 1996, 16–18 kilograms cw, score 3; from January 1996, lamb, 18–20 kilograms cw, score 3; from July 2003, trade lamb, 18–22 kilograms cw, score 2–4. g Ewes and wethers, 18–24 kilograms cw, score 2–3. h 60–75 kilograms cw; Over-the-hooks.Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics, Livestock and Meat, Australia, cat. no. 7218.0.55.001, Canberra; Australian Pork Limited, Eyes & Ears, Canberra; Meat & Livestock Australia, Meat the Market, Sydney; National Livestock Reporting Service; Meat & Livestock Australia, Meat and Livestock Weekly

2016

2017

TABLE 12.2 Australian saleyard prices of livestock a

136

Meat – general


Beef a Lamb a Pork a Chicken b

c/kg (rw) c/kg (rw) c/kg (rw) c/kg (rw)1994 997 566 668 4231995 1,007 607 676 4531996 990 656 710 4811997 978 653 729 4941998 982 644 718 4851999 1,010 670 728 4902000 1,060 670 755 4782001 1,225 795 835 4972002 1,320 910 892 5032003 1,367 1,017 891 5092004 1,399 1,071 889 5342005 1,505 1,100 937 5102006 1,551 1,135 964 4902007 1,532 1,124 984 5062008 1,578 1,182 1,009 5512009 1,613 1,287 1,069 5492010 1,602 1,347 1,077 5462011 1,546 1,462 1,091 5492012 1,559 1,378 1,073 5302013 1,532 1,249 1,083 5562014 1,610 1,297 1,123 5582015 1,762 1,371 1,178 5522016 1,926 1,453 1,200 5342013

March 1,557 1,266 1,084 559June 1,549 1,250 1,084 558September 1,509 1,245 1,085 551December 1,514 1,234 1,078 5582014




March 1,920 1,450 1,202 538June 1,927 1,501 1,188 532September 1,928 1,496 1,194 531a Price estimates are formed by indexing forward from actual average prices of beef, Iamb and pork during December quarter 1973, based on meat subgroup indexes of the consumer price index. These indexes are based on average retail prices of selected cuts (weighted by expenditure) in state capitals. b Price estimates are formed by indexing from the December quarter 2007 price for fresh whole chickens. Sources: Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Average Retail Prices of Selected Items, cat. no. 6403.0, Canberra; ABS, Consumer Price Index, cat. no. 6401.0, Canberra

2015

2016

2017

TABLE 12.3 Australian retail prices of meat

137

Meat – general


Unit 2009–10 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17

Beef and veal kt (sw) 934 981 995 1,052 1,214 1,376 1,196 991Lamb kt (sw) 160 162 179 208 236 254 261 255Mutton kt (sw) 117 96.7 98.5 153 186 180 156 135Pig meat kt (sw) 30.4 31.5 30.3 27.2 27.7 28.5 27.9 30.7Chicken meat kt (sw) 24.7 29.0 36.1 31.7 38.2 36.0 27.3 35.4Live feeder/slaughter cattle b ’000 871 728 579 513 1,006 1,295 1,114 817Live sheep c ’000 3,060 2,916 2,562 2,000 2,020 2,180 1,859 1,851

Beef and veal $m 4,109 4,527 4,685 5,052 6,422 9,040 8,495 7,115Lamb $m 933 1,064 1,092 1,128 1,534 1,779 1,771 1,934Mutton $m 456 453 401 510 772 824 699 719Pig meat $m 113 110 106 89.5 93.9 110 128 124Chicken meat $m 30.8 35.5 45.4 44.1 53.7 58.1 49.8 54.1Live feeder/slaughter cattle b $m 550 499 412 339 795 1,163 1,280 1,031Live sheep c $m 298 348 345 194 185 245 228 233Total d $m 6,755 7,331 7,448 7,759 10,318 13,680 13,157 11,633

Beef and veal $/kg 4.4 4.6 4.7 4.8 5.3 6.6 7.1 7.2Lamb $/kg 5.8 6.6 6.1 5.4 6.5 7.0 6.8 7.6Mutton $/kg 3.9 4.7 4.1 3.3 4.1 4.6 4.5 5.3Pig meat $/kg 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.4 3.9 4.6 4.0Chicken meat $/kg 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.8 1.5Live feeder/slaughter cattle b $/head 631 685 712 660 790 898 1,149 1,261Live sheep c $/head 97.3 119 135 97.0 91.4 112 122 126a Excludes re-exports. b Includes buffalo, excludes animals for breeding and dairy purposes. c Includes animals for breeding. d Includes live bovine for breeding and dairy purposes. Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0

Quantity

Value fob

Unit value fob

TABLE 12.4 Australian exports of meat and livestock, by product a

138

Meat – general


Beef Lamb Pig Poultry

Cattle Sheep and veal and mutton meat meat

million million Mt (cw) Mt (cw) Mt (cw) Mt (cw)1972 1,119 1,038 38.3 5.7 40.6 16.81973 1,139 1,018 38.6 5.4 40.5 17.61974 1,167 1,029 41.7 5.2 42.4 18.31975 1,188 1,048 43.8 5.3 41.7 18.71976 1,200 1,048 46.0 5.3 40.8 20.01977 1,205 1,038 46.3 5.3 43.0 21.21978 1,206 1,051 46.9 5.5 45.6 22.71979 1,211 1,069 45.6 5.4 50.1 24.61980 1,217 1,099 45.5 5.7 52.7 25.91981 1,229 1,113 45.7 5.9 53.0 27.51982 1,242 1,131 45.8 6.0 53.2 28.51983 1,249 1,127 47.0 6.2 55.5 29.21984 1,255 1,120 48.4 6.2 57.5 29.81985 1,260 1,119 49.2 6.3 60.0 31.21986 1,267 1,127 50.9 6.3 60.7 33.31987 1,267 1,142 50.9 6.4 63.4 36.01988 1,272 1,163 51.2 6.7 66.9 37.71989 1,289 1,197 51.5 6.9 68.0 38.71990 1,297 1,206 53.2 7.1 69.7 41.01991 1,296 1,182 53.8 7.2 70.6 43.31992 1,301 1,159 53.0 7.1 72.4 45.51993 1,300 1,119 52.5 7.1 73.9 48.21994 1,309 1,109 53.0 7.3 76.2 50.91995 1,312 1,073 53.5 7.2 77.1 54.71996 1,308 1,051 54.4 7.1 77.4 56.21997 1,308 1,043 55.0 7.2 78.2 59.61998 1,301 1,047 54.6 7.4 83.0 62.21999 1,301 1,057 55.6 7.6 84.3 65.22000 1,303 1,060 56.2 7.8 85.9 68.62001 1,312 1,039 55.3 7.8 86.3 71.02002 1,328 1,034 56.8 7.9 88.8 73.82003 1,347 1,046 57.2 7.9 92.0 75.52004 1,367 1,080 58.0 7.9 92.6 78.32005 1,388 1,116 59.3 8.2 94.4 80.82006 1,409 1,123 60.9 8.4 97.0 83.12007 1,428 1,137 62.1 8.6 100 88.32008 1,441 1,125 62.3 8.5 103 92.72009 1,449 1,115 62.4 8.3 105 95.12010 1,454 1,117 63.1 8.2 107 99.42011 1,451 1,139 62.8 8.3 108 1032012 1,463 1,159 62.3 8.4 111 1072013 1,465 1,183 63.4 8.7 113 1102014 1,475 1,162 64.7 9.0 115 1132015 na na na na na naSource: UN FAO, FAOSTAT, Rome

Livestock numbers Production

TABLE 12.5 Summary of world statistics for livestock

139

Meat – general


Unit 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Cattle numbers a million 94.7 94.1 92.9 91.2 90.1 88.5 89.1 91.9

Production b kt (cw) 11,885 12,034 11,978 11,845 11,751 11,075 10,817 11,507Imports kt (cw) 1,191 1,042 933 1,007 1,020 1,337 1,529 1,367Exports kt (cw) 878 1,043 1,263 1,112 1,174 1,167 1,028 1,159Total consumption kt (cw) 12,239 12,038 11,646 11,739 11,608 11,241 11,276 11,676Consumption per person kg (cw) 39.8 38.8 37.3 37.3 36.6 35.2 35.0 36.2

Production b kt (cw) 10,442 10,186 10,331 10,554 10,525 10,368 11,121 11,320Imports kt (cw) 378 390 364 364 399 459 506 495Exports kt (cw) 1,857 1,915 2,357 2,440 2,262 2,309 2,272 2,374Total consumption kt (cw) 9,013 8,654 8,337 8,441 8,665 8,545 9,341 9,477Consumption per person kg (cw) 29.3 27.9 26.7 26.8 27.3 26.7 29.0 29.4

Production b kt (rw) 15,935 16,563 16,694 16,621 16,976 17,306 17,971 18,261Exports kt (rw) 3,093 3,067 3,165 3,299 3,332 3,310 2,867 3,015Total consumption kt (rw) 12,946 13,473 13,660 13,346 13,691 14,043 15,094 15,331Consumption per person kg (rw) 42.1 43.5 43.7 42.4 43.2 44.0 46.9 47.6a At 1 January. b Refers to commercial production, which excludes farm slaughter. Source: US Department of Agriculture, Production, Supply and Distribution Database, Washington DC

Beef and veal

Pork

Chicken

TABLE 12.6 Summary of US meat statistics

140



Cattle and

calves a Sheep b Lambs b Pigs Poultry Cattle c Sheep Total

$m $m $m $m $m $m $m $m1991–92 3,726 71.4 309 659 778 75.9 91.0 5,7581992–93 3,758 120 439 650 834 81.0 123 6,0481993–94 4,309 154 494 661 929 125 151 6,8781994–95 3,998 179 473 683 902 216 185 6,6821995–96 3,208 223 586 825 948 368 227 6,4341996–97 3,152 216 637 765 932 445 193 6,3831997–98 3,786 299 574 710 1,054 352 200 7,0021998–99 4,126 227 645 690 1,019 351 188 7,2651999–2000 4,609 205 669 792 1,031 440 185 7,9532000–01 5,933 368 776 822 1,060 498 264 9,7492001–02 6,581 544 1,181 968 1,175 561 399 11,4512002–03 5,804 468 1,161 911 1,281 607 415 10,6942003–04 6,198 454 1,318 879 1,281 461 268 10,9072004–05 7,365 418 1,327 906 1,304 464 210 12,0402005–06 7,281 444 1,378 890 1,223 404 297 11,9672006–07 7,491 380 1,387 944 1,294 497 290 12,3362007–08 6,813 400 1,481 902 1,637 541 287 12,1042008–09 6,806 428 1,725 976 1,862 646 340 12,8332009–10 6,567 499 1,832 965 1,785 701 298 12,7332010–11 6,505 484 2,029 919 2,077 660 348 13,1442011–12 7,134 419 2,136 934 2,078 651 345 13,7972012–13 7,136 329 1,696 934 2,214 589 194 13,1882013–14 7,495 513 1,943 1,081 2,344 1,049 185 14,7232014–15 10,175 650 2,401 1,149 2,610 1,356 245 18,7402015–16 11,536 535 2,477 1,353 2,748 1,551 228 20,622a Includes dairy cattle slaughtered. b Excludes skin value. c Includes dairy cattle and buffalo. d Includes animals for breeding.Note: The gross value of production is the value placed on recorded production at the wholesale prices realised in the market place. The point of measurement can vary between commodities. Generally the market place is the metropolitan market in each state and territory. However, where commodities are consumed locally or where they become raw material for a secondary industry, these points are presumed to be the market place.Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra; ABS, Value of Agricultural Commodities Produced, cat. no. 7503.0, Canberra

Livestock slaughterings Live exports d

TABLE 12.7 Gross value of Australian livestock slaughterings

141



Average Apparent

Slaughterings a weight Production Exports consumption

’000 kg (cw) kt (cw) kt (cw) kt (cw)1973–74 7,263 182.0 1,321.8 730 5551974–75 8,453 183.0 1,547.0 611 8811975–76 10,615 173.4 1,840.4 800 9361976–77 11,980 165.9 1,987.8 937 9761977–78 12,968 168.4 2,184 1,115 9561978–79 11,346 178 2,018.1 1,217 8341979–80 8,889 176 1,564.4 864 7291980–81 8,437 174 1,467.2 767 7281981–82 8,690 181 1,576.2 784 7501982–83 9,112 169 1,542.9 827 7011983–84 7,315 184 1,345.3 704 6541984–85 7,036 186 1,310.0 611 6601985–86 7,402 187 1,384.9 712 6561986–87 7,983 190 1,520.7 845 6351987–88 8,110 196 1,587.7 956 6601988–89 7,242 206 1,491.5 793 6881989–90 7,939 211 1,676.7 974 6901990–91 8,377 210 1,759.6 1,083 6701991–92 8,717 205 1,790.9 1,145 6431992–93 8,477 215 1,825.8 1,200 6231993–94 8,282 220 1,824.8 1,186 6401994–95 8,268 218 1,803.4 1,148 6541995–96 7,934 220 1,744.7 1,114 6271996–97 8,412 215 1,810.3 1,094 7141997–98 9,321 210 1,955.3 1,251 6971998–99 9,097 221 2,010.5 1,326 6751999–2000 8,642 230 1,987.9 1,284 6972000–01 8,978 236 2,119.4 1,461 6492001–02 8,587 236 2,027.6 1,381 6392002–03 9,229 225 2,072.8 1,387 6772003–04 8,779 232 2,032.9 1,319 6982004–05 8,854 244 2,162.0 1,491 6612005–06 8,401 247 2,077.1 1,395 6702006–07 9,081 245 2,226.3 1,517 6992007–08 8,680 246 2,132.1 1,440 6872008–09 8,583 248 2,125.1 1,485 6352009–10 8,364 252 2,108.8 1,377 7252010–11 8,097 263 2,133.4 1,442 6922011–12 7,873 269 2,114.8 1,462 6572012–13 8,457 265 2,245.0 1,539 7082013–14 9,473 260 2,464.1 1,769 6972014–15 10,103 263 2,661.6 2,009 6532015–16 8,796 266 2,343.5 1,749 5962016–17 7,423 279 2,068.6 1,443 626a Includes calves. Excludes on-farm slaughter from July 2007.Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra; ABS, Livestock and Meat, Australia, cat. No. 7218.0.55.001, Canberra

TABLE 13.1 Australian supply and use of beef and veal

142



Australian

New South Western Northern Capital

South Wales Victoria Queensland Australia Australia Tasmania Territory Territory Australia

’000 ’000 ’000 ’000 ’000 ’000 ’000 ’000 ’000

2006-07 2,883 1,218 5,589 527 1,144 223 1,211 6.0 12,8002007-08 2,982 1,206 6,113 533 1,217 224 1,193 4.0 13,4722008-09 2,915 1,092 5,911 543 1,201 199 1,037 5.0 12,9032009-10 2,796 1,016 5,953 489 1,214 217 1,256 5.0 12,9462010-11 2,763 1,119 6,001 524 1,062 220 1,188 5.7 12,8832011-12 3,028 1,248 6,177 633 1,072 242 1,228 5.2 13,6332012-13 2,948 1,102 6,295 603 1,005 256 1,215 6.0 13,4302013-14 2,752 1,097 6,377 567 1,081 251 1,192 3.7 13,3212014-15 2,650 1,105 5,541 513 1,228 216 1,274 4.0 12,5312015-16 2,400 884 5,242 449 982 181 1,310 3.6 11,452

2006-07 5,609 2,575 11,495 1,067 2,223 481 1,912 11.0 25,3732007-08 5,330 2,254 11,731 966 2,013 444 2,041 6.0 24,7842008-09 5,533 2,234 12,151 1,042 2,220 426 1,681 7.0 25,2952009-10 5,107 2,080 11,193 904 2,206 446 2,066 6.3 24,0082010-11 5,384 2,366 12,450 1,110 1,954 467 2,197 8.8 25,9362011-12 5,497 2,362 11,990 1,204 1,957 472 2,195 8.0 25,6852012-13 5,593 2,427 12,628 1,193 1,883 522 2,200 9.6 26,4572013-14 5,325 2,428 12,755 1,110 1,973 534 2,164 6.0 26,2962014-15 5,279 2,301 11,178 1,015 2,242 466 2,115 6.4 24,6022015-16 4,675 1,819 10,390 914 1,878 386 2,238 6.0 22,306

2006-07 326 1,668 189 176 105 201 na na 2,6632007-08 321 1,583 174 160 101 198 na na 2,5372008-09 323 1,619 181 165 98.0 226 na na 2,6122009-10 348 1,589 162 139 113 192 na na 2,5422010-11 326 1,604 162 143 113 223 0.0 na 2,5702011-12 341 1,752 171 127 111 232 0.0 na 2,7332012-13 360 1,802 170 133 121 248 na na 2,8342013-14 338 1,790 177 135 136 231 na na 2,8072014-15 313 1,828 169 127 125 249 na na 2,8112015-16 323 1,665 155 135 125 263 0.0 na 2,665

2006-07 5,935 4,243 11,684 1,242 2,327 683 1,912 11.0 28,0372007-08 5,651 3,837 11,905 1,126 2,113 642 2,041 6.0 27,3212008-09 5,856 3,854 12,332 1,207 2,318 652 1,681 7.0 27,9072009-10 5,455 3,668 11,356 1,042 2,319 637 2,066 6.3 26,5502010-11 5,710 3,970 12,612 1,252 2,067 689 2,197 8.8 28,5062011-12 5,838 4,114 12,161 1,331 2,068 704 2,195 8.0 28,4182012-13 5,953 4,229 12,798 1,327 2,004 770 2,200 9.6 29,2912013-14 5,663 4,218 12,932 1,245 2,109 766 2,164 6.0 29,1032014-15 5,592 4,129 11,347 1,142 2,367 716 2,115 6.4 27,4132015-16 4,998 3,484 10,545 1,049 2,003 648 2,238 6.0 24,971a Series break in 2015–16. Prior to 2015–16 figures are based on establishments with an estimated value of agricultural operations (EVAO) of $5,000. From 2015–16 (inclusive) figures are based on establishments with an EVAO of $40,000. House cows are excluded.Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Agricultural Commodities, Australia, cat. no. 7121.0, Canberra

Adult female beef cattle

Total beef cattle and calves

Total dairy cattle and calves

Total cattle and calves

TABLE 13.2 Australian cattle numbers, by state and territory a

143



Unit 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17

Canada kt (sw) 7.1 12.1 16.8 26.3 40.3 32.2 16.9 United States kt (sw) 161 205 209 263 470 336 204

China kt (sw) 13.5 11.9 92.9 161 129 129 104 Hong Kong kt (sw) 8.6 12.2 8.8 10.5 17.2 6.6 5.4 Indonesia kt (sw) 47.4 40.8 29.6 53.8 46.3 55.2 56.6 Japan kt (sw) 356 332 304 278 294 265 274 Korea, Rep. of kt (sw) 152 140 151 165 165 189 179 Malaysia kt (sw) 14.2 15.8 17.1 15.0 14.6 13.5 11.7 Philippines kt (sw) 23.6 22.8 31.2 33.2 33.7 30.4 30.2 Singapore kt (sw) 10.9 15.1 14.3 13.7 9.7 9.9 7.5 Taiwan kt (sw) 32.7 38.7 39.1 39.4 31.0 29.8 29.7 Thailand kt (sw) 2.6 3.1 3.1 4.8 6.2 4.9 4.7 Vietnam kt (sw) 1.0 2.0 1.9 3.1 5.1 5.7 6.2

CIS kt (sw) 71.2 47.6 25.8 21.8 0.5 0.0 0.0 European Union a kt (sw) 13.4 14.8 18.2 23.9 25.3 24.4 16.4

Jordan kt (sw) 4.7 6.9 5.2 7.8 4.9 3.2 2.1 Kuwait kt (sw) 3.2 3.0 3.5 4.2 4.2 3.0 2.8 Qatar kt (sw) 1.9 2.4 2.2 2.8 4.1 2.9 2.5 Saudi Arabia kt (sw) 5.8 5.8 20.0 33.6 29.9 21.2 10.4 United Arab Emirates kt (sw) 6.3 7.8 7.7 8.5 9.8 10.3 9.0

New Zealand kt (sw) 5.1 3.6 5.4 8.1 10.3 5.7 5.3 Papua New Guinea kt (sw) 8.1 5.5 5.2 4.9 3.3 2.3 2.3

Total beef and veal kt (sw) 981 995 1,052 1,214 1,376 1,196 991

Indonesia ’000 456 375 266 614 741 562 518 Japan d ’000 12.4 14.3 10.4 10.8 9.8 8.7 9.5 Malaysia ’000 19.7 19.3 36.9 54.0 50.8 38.2 25.3 Philippines ’000 15.6 23.8 35.3 19.6 27.0 26.7 4.2 Thailand ’000 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.6 3.1 0.8 Vietnam c ’000 0.0 0.9 15.9 132 307 277 161

Israel ’000 50.4 60.5 63.8 108 65.7 82.5 45.8 Saudi Arabia ’000 19.5 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Total slaughter cattle ’000 728 579 513 1,006 1,295 1,114 817

China ’000 48.9 58.9 59.2 84.9 66.7 109 71.0 Indonesia ’000 1.3 0.7 5.2 9.5 4.2 7.4 14.0 Vietnam ’000 1.4 0.5 0.0 0.4 4.3 2.8 2.2

Total breeding cattle ’000 76.8 105 121 127 83.4 144 99.2 Total live cattle ’000 805 683 634 1,133 1,379 1,258 917 a Regarded as 27 countries from January 2007, then 28 countries from July 2013. b Includes buffalo. c Excludes live feeder slaughter for October 2015. d Includes dairy cattle and buffalo. Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra.

Beef and veal

Live cattle

Slaughter cattle b

Breeding cattle d

Oceania

Asia

Middle East

Americas

Asia

Europe

Middle East

TABLE 13.3 Quantity of Australian exports of beef, veal and live cattle, by destination

144



2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17

$m $m $m $m $m $m $m

Canada 31.9 46.0 68.9 113.1 228 183 101United States 709 894 970 1,360 3,233 2,488 1,494

China 52.0 59.1 408 787 758 867 747Hong Kong 54.3 76.4 59.1 77.4 126 77.3 77.4Indonesia 178 168 137 258 247 315 292Japan 1,689 1,580 1,466 1,439 1,858 1,813 1,910Korea, Rep. of 714 654 703 892 1,068 1,324 1,228Malaysia 58.8 62.6 66.1 70.9 80.5 74.0 75.6Philippines 73.0 65.5 94.4 111 152 121 140Singapore 64.0 77.7 81.3 85.1 75.8 82.3 81.9Taiwan 155 205 209 232 211 226 245Thailand 24.2 26.7 28.6 39.5 54.4 52.7 56.5Vietnam 7.6 12.4 12.5 17.2 26.4 33.1 41.1

CIS 292 208 125 126 2.1 0.3 0.2European Union a 122 137 164 243 285 325 229

Jordan 17.3 28.0 19.8 34.7 24.7 14.8 10.0Kuwait 13.8 14.3 17.5 22.0 25.6 21.4 20.4Qatar 12.4 17.5 16.8 21.7 32.3 32.6 26.5Saudi Arabia 18.5 16.8 87.7 169 201 157 76.0United Arab Emirates 44.5 53.2 57.4 69.1 91.2 96.9 93.4

New Zealand 22.4 15.4 23.4 45.8 72.7 40.1 36.5Papua New Guinea 23.5 19.1 20.4 17.4 18.8 13.7 15.4

Total beef and veal 4,527 4,685 5,052 6,422 9,040 8,495 7,115

Indonesia 287 252 165 452 595 578 620Japan c 15.5 19.7 14.6 15.1 14.4 14.7 22.1Malaysia 13.2 13.5 23.1 38.1 46.0 42.0 28.5Philippines 9.0 15.2 21.5 13.5 22.0 27.2 5.2Thailand 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.7 4.1 1.2Vietnam c 0.0 0.6 11.9 124 319 365 243

Israel 33.0 45.7 45 83.4 60.8 94.1 53.3Saudi Arabia 16.0 0.0 2.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Total slaughter cattle 499 412 339 795 1,163 1,280 1,031

China 102 133 125 180 149 221 126Indonesia 2.8 2.4 9.4 8.8 5.0 7.2 15.9Russian Federation 24.5 80.8 69 30.7 12.1 0.8 0.0Vietnam 2.1 1.3 0.0 0.9 11.3 5.1 3.0

Total breeding cattle 161 239 251 255 192 271 168Total live cattle 660 651 589 1,049 1,356 1,551 1,199a Regarded as 28 countries. b Includes buffalo. c Excludes live feeder slaughter for October 2015. d Includes dairy cattle and buffalo. Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra

Beef and veal

Live cattle

Slaughter cattle b

Breeding cattle d

Americas

Asia

Europe

Middle East

Oceania

Asia

Middle East

TABLE 13.4 Value of Australian exports of beef and veal, and live cattle (fob)

145



Boneless Boneless Boneless Boneless Boneless Boneless

chilled frozen chilled frozen frozen b frozen a

Ac/kg fob Ac/kg fob Ac/kg fob Ac/kg fob USc/kg cif Ac/kg fob1992 568 336 280 344 248 2941993 586 321 345 418 265 3461994 575 309 508 345 240 2861995 581 269 570 294 195 2331996 474 230 332 274 174 1991997 487 237 328 271 187 2251998 524 254 425 279 175 2571999 541 271 429 285 190 2672000 567 313 471 314 195 3172001 649 373 605 389 214 3932002 640 341 631 388 219 3822003 645 315 735 348 214 3172004 711 377 757 441 273 3542005 709 367 802 421 282 3452006 704 351 824 435 277 3492007 670 320 783 412 281 3342008 778 368 774 434 329 3902009 681 351 694 365 282 3432010 631 345 706 394 354 3722011 639 360 753 430 421 4022012 658 362 773 414 447 4152013 666 373 778 457 429 4392014 734 444 862 537 527 5462015 909 496 932 662 489 6642016 962 474 1,089 647 429 637

March 858 535 925 639 507 656June 870 477 877 641 500 636September 935 483 938 678 518 686December 971 492 990 692 430 677

March 948 437 1,053 650 420 598June 947 457 1,088 643 433 628September 982 498 1,103 652 443 671December 972 505 1,112 644 420 651

March 951 482 1,072 592 449 620June 959 524 1,129 592 476 655September 932 521 1,030 587 458 635a Average unit value of exports. b Beef that is 90 per cent chemical lean.Sources: Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra; Meat & Livestock Australia, Meat &Livestock Weekly, Sydney

Japan a Korea, Rep. of a United States

2015

2016

2017

TABLE 13.5 Prices for Australian beef and veal in principal overseas markets

146



2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

million million million million million million millionArgentina 49.1 48.2 49.6 51.1 51.5 51.5 52.6Australia b 26.6 28.5 28.4 29.3 29.1 27.4 25.0Brazil 185 191 198 203 208 213 219Canada 12.7 12.2 12.2 12.3 12.2 11.9 12.0China c 107 106 104 103 103 100 100European Union d 89.8 87.8 87.1 87.1 87.6 88.4 89.2India e 305 303 300 300 301 301 303Japan 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.8Korea, Rep. of 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.1Mexico 22.2 21.5 20.1 18.5 17.8 17.1 16.6New Zealand 9.9 9.9 10.0 10.2 10.2 10.4 10.0Russian Federation 20.7 20.0 20.1 19.9 19.6 19.2 18.9United States 94.1 92.9 91.2 90.1 88.5 89.1 91.9Uruguay 11.8 11.2 11.2 11.4 11.9 12.1 12.0World 1,009 1,002 1,002 1,005 1,009 980 989a As close as possible to 1 January. Includes dairy cattle. b Series break in 2015–16. Prior to 2015–16 figures are based on establishments with an estimated value of agricultural operations (EVAO) of $5,000. From 2015–16 (inclusive) figures are based on establishments with an EVAO of $40,000. c Excludes Hong Kong. d Regarded as 28 countries. e Includes carabeef (buffalo).Sources: Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Agricultural Commodities, Australia, cat. no. 7121.0, Canberra; US Department of Agriculture, Production, Supply and Distribution Database, Washington DC

TABLE 13.6 World cattle numbers, by country a

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

kt (cw) kt (cw) kt (cw) kt (cw) kt (cw) kt (cw) kt (cw)Argentina 2,620 2,530 2,620 2,850 2,700 2,720 2,650Australia 2,129 2,129 2,152 2,359 2,595 2,547 2,125Brazil 9,115 9,030 9,307 9,675 9,723 9,425 9,284Canada 1,276 1,141 1,060 1,056 1,100 1,047 1,130China a 6,531 6,475 6,623 6,730 6,890 6,700 7,000European Union b 8,101 8,114 7,708 7,388 7,443 7,684 7,881India c 3,125 3,308 3,491 3,800 4,100 4,100 4,200Japan 515 500 519 508 502 481 465Mexico 1,745 1,804 1,821 1,807 1,827 1,850 1,879New Zealand 642 601 624 620 658 690 648Russian Federation 1,435 1,360 1,380 1,385 1,375 1,355 1,335South Africa 886 870 852 905 983 1,038 1,090United States 12,034 11,978 11,845 11,751 11,075 10,817 11,507Uruguay 530 510 530 525 555 565 580World 59,246 58,954 59,507 60,535 60,815 59,699 60,443a Excludes Hong Kong. b Regarded as 28 countries. c Includes carabeef (buffalo).Sources: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Livestock and Meat, Australia, cat. no. 7218.0.55.001, Canberra; US Department of Agriculture, Production, Supply and Distribution Database, Washington DC

TABLE 13.7 World beef and veal production, by country a

147



2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

kt (cw) kt (cw) kt (cw) kt (cw) kt (cw) kt (cw) kt (cw)

Argentina 277 213 164 186 197 186 216Australia 1,442 1,462 1,539 1,769 2,009 1,749 1,443Brazil 1,558 1,340 1,524 1,849 1,909 1,705 1,698Canada 524 427 336 333 380 398 443China a 51.0 55.0 42.0 30.0 30.0 24.0 23.0European Union b 336 445 296 244 301 303 344India c 917 1,268 1,450 1,881 2,082 1,806 1,764New Zealand 530 503 517 529 579 639 587United States 1,043 1,263 1,112 1,174 1,167 1,028 1,159Uruguay 347 320 360 340 350 373 421World 7,793 8,063 8,169 9,239 9,997 9,545 9,422

Brazil 35.0 40.0 62.0 59.0 82.0 61.0 66.0Canada 243 282 301 295 284 280 254China a 40.0 29.0 95.0 412 417 666 818Egypt 260 217 250 195 270 360 340European Union b 437 365 348 376 372 363 369Japan 721 745 737 760 739 707 719Korea, Rep. of 366 431 370 375 392 414 513Russian Federation 1,058 994 1,027 1,023 932 621 522Taiwan 130 130 116 130 138 135 154United States 1,042 933 1,007 1,020 1,337 1,529 1,367World 6,654 6,599 6,724 7,445 7,890 7,631 7,691a Excludes Hong Kong. b Regarded as 28 countries; excludes intra-EU trade. c Includes carabeef (buffalo).Sources: US Department of Agriculture, Production, Supply and Distribution Database, Washington DC; Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra.

Exports

Imports

TABLE 13.8 Volume of trade in beef and veal, by selected countries a

148



Unit 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Beef b ’000 2,892 2,763 2,723 2,642 2,567 2,489 2,479Dairy c ’000 1,484 1,467 1,449 1,423 1,395 1,371 1,345Total ’000 4,376 4,230 4,172 4,065 3,962 3,860 3,824

Wagyu ’000 510 518 540 530 507 483 444Dairy ’000 405 410 411 401 393 385 366Calves ’000 9.7 8.3 8.9 7.1 6.8 5.9 5.5Total d ’000 1,219 1,174 1,200 1,185 1,157 1,107 1,052

Wagyu beef kt (sw) 155 160 167 163 161 154 144Dairy beef kt (sw) 108 112 115 109 106 103 99Veal kt (sw) 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4Total d kt (sw) 360 350 363 356 351 337 325

Australia kt (sw) 155 140 129 116 125 128 117Canada kt (sw) 3.7 2.9 2.4 1.5 1.8 1.7 2.4New Zealand kt (sw) 7.3 7.5 8.0 6.6 5.5 4.9 5.4United States kt (sw) 44.1 61.9 71.6 86.3 83.4 67.4 101.5Other kt (sw) 1.2 1.3 1.7 2.2 2.9 2.8 2.5Total kt (sw) 211 213 212 212 219 204 229

Australia kt (sw) 196 199 190 170 155 161 156Canada kt (sw) 9.2 7.3 9.0 11.2 12.3 8.2 11.0New Zealand kt (sw) 24.2 22.2 23.4 22.8 18.6 11.8 10.9United States kt (sw) 47.1 58.3 59.9 99.5 104.8 97.6 90.1Other kt (sw) 11.0 16.7 19.2 17.9 8.1 10.6 5.9Total kt (sw) 288 303 301 322 299 289 274

Australia kt (sw) 351 339 319 287 281 289 274Canada kt (sw) 12.9 10.2 11.5 12.7 14.1 9.9 13.5New Zealand kt (sw) 31.6 29.7 31.4 29.4 24.1 16.7 16.4United States kt (sw) 91.2 120 131 186 188 165 192Other kt (sw) 12.3 17.9 21.0 20.1 11.0 13.4 8.4Total kt (sw) 499 517 514 534 519 494 503

Wagyu steer g ¥/kg 1,599 1,450 1,545 1,794 1,844 2,291 2,532Dairy steer h ¥/kg 724 563 581 813 863 1,104 1,055

Total beef and veal e

a At 1 February. b Includes dairy steers. c Cows only. d Includes product not elsewhere specified. e Total includes cheek meat, head meat and cooked meat. g Prices for an average of A3–A4 type steers at Tokyo Central Wholesale Meat Market. h Prices for an average of B2–B3 type steers at Tokyo Central Wholesale Meat Market.Sources: Agriculture and Livestock Industries Corporation, Monthly Statistics, Tokyo; Japanese Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Meat Statistics in Japan, Tokyo .

Cattle numbers a

Cattle slaughterings

Production

Imports

Prices

Fresh or chilled beef and veal

Frozen beef and veal

TABLE 13.9 Summary of Japanese beef and veal statistics

149



Unit 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Hanwoo ’000 2,762 2,820 2,933 2,810 2,670 2,561 2,585Beef cattle ’000 160 130 126 108 89 115 132Dairy ’000 430 404 420 424 431 411 404Total 000 3,351 3,353 3,479 3,342 3,190 3,088 3,121

Hanwoo ’000 603 721 845 962 921 882 739Beef cattle ’000 91.0 94.4 79.4 64.1 54.4 66.8 64.6Dairy ’000 58.2 37.9 45.8 45.9 66.8 56.8 58.0Total ’000 753 853 970 1,072 1,042 1,006 861

Total kt (rw) 186 216 234 260 261 255 219

Australia kt (sw) 33.2 37.0 32.4 31.5 34.1 35.0 35.3Canada kt (sw) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.0New Zealand kt (sw) 0.8 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1United States kt (sw) 7.9 9.7 7.9 8.8 11.4 15.8 22.0Other kt (sw) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Total kt (sw) 42.0 47.0 40.3 40.4 45.8 50.9 57.5

Australia kt (sw) 105 116 106 116 118 133 144Canada kt (sw) 0.0 0.0 1.4 2.0 2.0 1.2 4.4New Zealand kt (sw) 33.4 34.1 27.4 25.3 21.9 18.2 22.4United States kt (sw) 76.9 106 87.2 83.4 90.4 90.7 132Other kt (sw) 3.6 5.2 2.5 0.7 0.9 1.8 5.3Total kt (sw) 219 261 224 227 234 244 308

Australia kt (sw) 139 153 138 147 152 168 180Canada kt (sw) 0.0 0.0 1.4 2.1 2.3 1.3 4.5New Zealand kt (sw) 34.3 34.3 27.5 25.3 22.1 18.2 22.5United States kt (sw) 84.8 115 95.1 92.1 102 106 154Other kt (sw) 3.6 5.2 2.5 0.7 0.9 1.8 5.3Total kt (sw) 261 308 264 268 279 295 366

Farm b won/kg 10,498 7,703 7,170 7,080 8,662 10,310 11,618Retail c won/kg 33,055 28,176 21,265 21,526 22,628 25,206 30,407Wholesale Hanwoo d won/kg 16,124 12,849 13,133 12,743 14,261 16,377 18,155

Cattle numbers a

Cattle slaughterings

Production

Imports

Fresh or chilled beef and veal

Frozen beef and veal

Total beef and veal

Prices

a At 1 December. b Korean native cattle 400 kilograms. c Boneless beef, all cities. d Hanwoo carcase, all cities. Sources: Korean Meat Trade Association; Korea Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Animal Husbandry and Food Resources

TABLE 13.10 Summary of Korean beef and veal statistics

150



Unit 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Pig numbers a ’000 2,289 2,285 2,138 2,098 2,308 2,272 2,294Breeding sows and gilts a ’000 268 295 267 260 266 271 240Slaughterings ’000 4,617 4,663 4,728 4,777 4,812 4,957 5,080Average slaughter weight kg (cw) 73.4 73.8 74.4 75.3 75.3 75.5 76.0Production kt (cw) 339 344 352 360 362 374 386Imports b kt (cw) 283 270 296 280 292 335 321Exports b kt (cw) 50.1 51.4 46.2 46.6 44.0 41.4 41.8Apparent consumption b kt (cw) 572 563 602 593 610 668 666

per person b kg (cw) 25.8 25.0 26.2 25.4 25.8 27.8 27.3

Slaughterings million 512 547 559 572 587 594 647Average slaughter weight kg (cw) 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9Production kt (cw) 934 1,013 1,047 1,067 1,103 1,137 1,225Exports b kt (cw) 31.0 39.9 40.6 41.5 48.4 34.0 36.4Apparent consumption b kt (cw) 909 979 1,014 1,035 1,068 1,118 1,203

per person b kg (cw) 41.0 43.4 44.2 44.4 45.1 46.5 49.3a 2016=2015–16. b Includes processed and preserved meat.Note: Series break in 2015-16. Prior to 2015-16 figures are based on establishments with an estimated value of agricultural operations (EVAO) of $5,000. From 2015-16 (inclusive) figures are based on establishments with an EVAO of $40,000.Sources: Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Agricultural Commodities, Australia, cat. no. 7121.0, Canberra; ABS, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra; ABS, Livestock and Meat, Australia, cat. no. 7218.0.55.001, Canberra; ABS, Livestock Products, Australia, cat. no. 7215.0, Canberra

Pig meat

Chicken meat

TABLE 14.1 Australian supply and use of pig and chicken meats

Australian

New South Western Northern Capital

South Wales Victoria Queensland Australia Australia Tasmania Territory Territory Australia

’000 ’000 ’000 ’000 ’000 ’000 ’000 ’000 ’000 1997–98 849 518 648 424 303 24.3 2.5 0.0 2,7681998–99 778 521 621 406 277 21.9 2.5 0.0 2,6261999–2000 710 523 544 438 276 17.5 2.2 0.0 2,5112000–01 845 557 597 438 286 22.1 2.4 0.0 2,7482001–02 833 673 643 410 361 17.8 2.6 0.0 2,9402002–03 729 555 663 381 309 19.0 2.7 0.0 2,6582003–04 624 547 691 378 292 14.2 2.6 0.0 2,5482004–05 732 524 666 336 266 12.0 2.5 0.0 2,5382005–06 655 668 691 404 296 16.6 2.2 0.0 2,7332006–07 741 463 695 360 326 19.2 0.0 0.0 2,6052007–08 770 394 610 363 262 12.5 0.0 0.0 2,4122008–09 649 414 596 390 236 16.0 0.0 0.0 2,3022009–10 585 510 583 381 219 11.1 0.0 0.0 2,2892010–11 486 505 639 373 269 12.8 0.0 0.0 2,2852011–12 510 518 556 316 na na 0.1 0.0 2,1382012–13 497 530 498 315 na na 0.0 0.0 2,0982013–14 433 545 632 448 na na 0.0 0.0 2,3082014–15 407 515 630 427 na na 0.0 0.0 2,2722015–16 488 562 559 408 na na 0.1 0.0 2,294a At 31 March. From 2000, at 30 June. Note: Series break in 2015–16. Prior to 2015–16 figures are based on establishments with an estimated value of agricultural operations (EVAO) of $5,000. From 2015–16 (inclusive) figures are based on establishments with an EVAO of $40,000.Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics, Agricultural Commodities, Australia, cat. no. 7121.0, Canberra

TABLE 14.2 Australian pig numbers, by state and territory a

151



2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016


Australia 339 344 352 360 362 374 386Brazil 3,195 3,227 3,330 3,335 3,400 3,519 3,700Canada 1,783 1,817 1,844 1,822 1,805 1,899 1,914China a 50,712 50,604 53,427 54,930 56,710 54,870 52,990European Union b 22,627 22,953 22,526 22,359 22,540 23,290 23,523Russian Federation 1,981 2,064 2,175 2,400 2,510 2,615 11,121United States 10,186 10,331 10,554 10,525 10,368 11,121 11,320World 103,003 103,587 106,873 108,828 110,566 110,376 109,969

Australia 977 1,049 1,087 1,100 1,141 1,176 1,264Brazil 12,312 12,863 12,645 12,308 12,692 13,146 12,910Canada 1,023 1,027 1,038 1,052 1,074 1,112 1,150China a 12,550 13,200 13,700 13,350 13,000 13,400 12,300European Union b 9,202 9,490 9,660 10,050 10,450 10,810 11,533India 2,650 2,900 3,160 3,450 3,725 3,900 4,200Russian Federation 2,310 2,575 2,830 3,010 3,260 3,600 3,730United States 16,563 16,694 16,621 16,976 17,306 17,971 18,261World 78,078 81,138 83,267 84,399 86,555 88,694 89,098a Excludes Hong Kong. b Regarded as 28 countries.Sources: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Livestock Products, Australia, cat. no. 7215.0, Canberra; US Department of Agriculture, Production, Supply and Distribution Database, Washington DC

Pig meat

Chicken meat

TABLE 14.3 World pig and chicken meat production in selected countries a

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016


Australia 50.1 51.4 46.2 46.6 44.0 41.4 41.8Canada 1,159 1,197 1,243 1,246 1,218 1,239 1,350China b 278 244 235 244 276 231 180European Union c 1,706 2,150 2,165 2,227 2,164 2,389 3,300United States 1,915 2,357 2,440 2,262 2,309 2,272 2,356Total 6,029 6,954 7,263 7,008 6,962 7,224 8,538

Australia 283 270 296 280 292 335 321China b 415 758 730 770 761 1,029 2,400Japan 1,198 1,254 1,259 1,223 1,332 1,270 1,320Mexico 687 594 706 783 818 981 1,025United States 390 364 364 399 459 506 517Total 5,846 6,559 6,858 6,595 6,333 6,706 8,314 a Excludes intra-EU trade. b Excludes Hong Kong. c Regarded as 28 countries.Sources: Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra; US Department of Agriculture, Production, Supply and Distribution Database,Washington DC

Exports a

Imports a

TABLE 14.4 Volume of world pig meat trade for selected countries a

152

Meat – sheep


Average Apparent

Slaughterings a weight Production Exports b consumption

’000 kg (cw) kt (cw) kt (cw) kt (cw)

1994 17,991 20.9 375 242 1541995 15,228 20.5 312 214 96.21996 14,447 21.1 304 200 1071997 15,552 20.5 320 216 1061998 15,589 20.6 322 216 1061999 15,457 21.0 325 225 93.42000 16,379 21.1 346 248 97.52001 15,789 20.6 325 240 86.02002 14,873 20.0 297 229 71.22003 10,522 20.3 214 163 51.12004 11,145 20.9 233 185 38.92005 11,636 20.7 241 190 50.82006 13,114 20.5 269 210 59.22007 11,661 21.0 245 196 49.72008 11,235 21.4 240 206 34.02009 9,411 21.2 200 179 20.42010 6,159 22.6 139 137 1.72011 4,933 23.2 114 121 – 6.12012 6,064 23.0 139 145 – 5.62013 9,615 22.5 217 210 6.32014 10,086 23.2 234 229 4.52015 8,487 23.8 202 192 9.92016 6,965 24.4 170 170 – 0.5

1994 15,718 17.9 281 64.2 2201995 14,680 17.9 263 57.0 2061996 14,069 18.5 261 64.0 1961997 14,924 18.8 280 76.1 2041998 15,724 19.2 302 86.3 2151999 16,346 19.5 319 95.4 2232000 18,507 19.9 368 126 2422001 17,897 19.7 353 126 2272002 17,086 19.8 338 121 2162003 16,430 20.1 330 126 2042004 16,675 20.4 340 138 2022005 18,228 20.6 375 170 2052006 19,483 20.5 400 180 2202007 20,971 20.8 436 198 2372008 19,970 20.4 407 185 2212009 20,493 20.7 424 204 2212010 18,609 21.6 402 195 2072011 17,793 22.1 393 200 1932012 20,009 22.2 443 226 2172013 21,886 21.5 470 256 2142014 22,251 21.9 486 290 1962015 22,876 22.2 509 299 2102016 22,956 22.5 516 310 206a Excludes on-farm slaughter from July 2007. b Excludes canned and miscellaneous products. Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics, Livestock and Meat, Australia, cat. no. 7218.0.55.001, Canberra; ABARES, Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra

Lamb

Mutton

TABLE 15.1 Australian supply and use of lamb and mutton

153

Meat – sheep


Australian

New South Western Capital

South Wales Victoria Queensland Australia Australia Tasmania Territory Australia

million million million million million million million million

1991-92 53.6 24.8 15.3 16.1 34.1 4.3 0.1 1481992-93 48.1 23.6 13.4 15.7 33.0 4.3 0.1 1381993-94 46.5 23.4 11.5 14.7 32.0 4.3 0.1 1331994-95 40.5 21.4 11.6 13.2 30.2 3.9 0.1 1211995-96 41.1 22.0 10.7 13.6 29.8 3.9 0.1 1211996-97 42.4 22.3 10.5 13.1 27.8 4.0 0.1 1201997-98 40.8 21.1 11.0 13.1 27.5 3.9 0.1 1171998-99 40.6 21.0 10.6 13.1 26.4 3.8 0.1 1151999-00 43.4 22.7 9.2 13.8 26.1 3.3 0.1 1192000-01 40.9 22.3 8.7 12.6 23.1 3.3 0.1 1112001-02 38.5 21.4 6.8 13.0 23.1 3.4 0.1 1062002-03 33.7 20.4 4.8 13.1 23.9 3.3 0.1 99.32003-04 35.2 20.0 4.8 12.9 25.1 3.2 0.1 1012004-05 34.3 20.6 4.9 12.5 25.6 3.1 0.1 1012005-06 32.1 17.9 4.5 11.3 22.1 3.0 0.1 91.02006-07 28.6 17.2 4.4 11.6 21.1 2.7 0.1 85.72007-08 26.4 16.8 4.0 10.0 17.7 2.1 0.1 76.92008-09 25.5 15.1 4.3 10.0 15.7 2.1 0.1 72.72009-10 24.4 14.4 3.6 9.0 14.7 2.0 0.0 68.12010-11 26.8 15.2 3.7 11.0 14.0 2.3 0.1 73.12011-12 27.6 15.9 3.5 10.9 14.4 2.4 0.1 74.72012-13 27.8 16.1 2.9 10.8 15.5 2.4 0.0 75.52013-14 26.7 15.4 2.3 11.0 14.4 2.8 0.0 72.62014-15 26.7 14.6 2.2 11.2 14.0 2.2 0.0 70.92015-16 26.0 13.1 1.8 10.7 13.9 2.0 0.0 67.5a At 30 June. Prior to 2000, as at 31 March. Details for establishments with estimated value of agricultural operations (EVAO) of $22,500 or more from 1991–92 to 1992–93; EVAO of $5,000 or more from 1993–94 to 2014–15; and EVAO of $40,000 from 2015–16.Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Historical Selected Agriculture Commodities, by state (1861 to present), 2010-11, cat. no. 7124.0, Canberra; ABS, Agricultural Commodities, Australia, cat. no. 7121.0, Canberra

Total sheep and lambs

TABLE 15.2 Australian sheep numbers, by state and territory a

154

Meat – sheep


Unit 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17

China kt (sw) 24.9 28.5 37.8 48.5 44.8 42.7 53.3European Union kt (sw) 13.8 12.4 12.6 14.3 12.7 10.3 11.7

United Kingdom kt (sw) 9.8 8.5 9.4 10.9 9.5 6.9 8.4Hong Kong kt (sw) 5.8 5.3 4.4 10.3 7.6 1.2 1.9Japan kt (sw) 7.3 7.8 7.8 8.9 9.3 8.4 8.5Middle East kt (sw) 35.5 43.4 57.1 59.8 65.7 67.5 59.2

Bahrain kt (sw) 1.2 1.4 9.4 13.0 8.9 5.7 1.5Jordan kt (sw) 7.5 12.5 12.0 10.9 15.0 13.7 8.4Qatar kt (sw) 1.9 4.9 5.5 8.5 10.9 14.9 14.9Saudi Arabia kt (sw) 3.2 4.4 3.5 5.2 6.8 7.4 7.3United Arab Emirates kt (sw) 12.3 12.4 14.3 16.1 17.7 20.4 20.4Other Middle East kt (sw) 9.5 7.7 12.5 6.0 6.4 5.4 6.8

Papua New Guinea kt (sw) 9.8 11.7 13.6 10.5 12.6 17.1 15.1United States kt (sw) 33.2 34.6 38.4 42.1 50.9 63.0 53.4Other kt (sw) 32.1 35.3 36.6 42.0 50.3 50.9 51.5World kt (sw) 162 179 208 236 254 261 255

China kt (sw) 12.8 14.2 43.5 65.0 50.4 33.9 28.7Japan kt (sw) 4.1 3.6 3.3 4.7 4.0 5.1 4.1Malaysia kt (sw) 4.6 5.1 9.2 13.8 16.9 15.8 13.2Middle East kt (sw) 37.7 38.1 46.1 37.6 49.3 44.5 44.2

Bahrain kt (sw) 5.4 7.0 2.4 0.0 0.3 3.1 6.6Kuwait kt (sw) 3.6 5.5 6.3 3.7 6.3 4.5 4.4Saudi Arabia kt (sw) 10.9 10.2 15.4 14.0 19.2 13.1 13.1United Arab Emirates kt (sw) 9.6 9.3 12.9 9.7 11.4 10.1 9.0Other Middle East kt (sw) 8.3 6.0 9.1 10.2 12.1 13.7 11.1

Singapore kt (sw) 4.4 5.1 7.1 9.0 9.5 9.9 10.5Taiwan kt (sw) 3.6 5.0 5.9 7.8 7.7 5.0 3.7United States kt (sw) 8.5 5.4 10.1 10.8 12.1 14.5 12.1Other kt (sw) 21.0 22.0 28.0 37.5 29.8 27.3 18.9World kt (sw) 96.7 98.5 153 186 180 156 135

Middle East ’000 2,447 2,232 1,903 1,968 2,038 1,782 1,788Bahrain ’000 440 387 62.3 100 375 115 0.0Jordan ’000 213 348 344 294 182 157 157Kuwait ’000 1,154 901 693 759 665 692 644Oman ’000 50.3 32.0 35.4 62.0 78.6 84.3 120Qatar ’000 316 450 588 527 415 470 603Saudi Arabia ’000 154 0.0 69.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0United Arab Emirates ’000 66.2 44.1 37.5 125 245 153 160Other Middle East ’000 55.0 69.2 74.1 102 78.1 111 105

Singapore ’000 7.0 6.4 3.8 4.7 2.2 2.0 2.1Turkey ’000 395 293 67.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Other ’000 67.1 31.0 25.4 47.3 140 75.6 60.8World ’000 2,916 2,562 2,000 2,020 2,180 1,859 1,851a Includes meat from young sheep and hoggets. b Includes animals for breeding.Sources: Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra

Lamb

Mutton a

Live sheep b

TABLE 15.3 Volume of Australian exports of sheep meat and live sheep, by destination

155

Meat – sheep


Unit 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17

China $m 75.5 85.1 120 217 191 144 208European Union $m 107 99.2 79.3 116 107 91.6 106

United Kingdom $m 71.7 58.6 54.6 83.5 76.7 54.1 60.9Hong Kong $m 23.6 20.8 19.2 44.1 36.8 12.1 13.0Japan $m 61.3 62.7 56.3 75.5 86.0 72.0 83.1Middle East $m 216 246 307 365 437 452 437

Bahrain $m 5.8 5.8 45.8 80.7 57.5 34.3 9.5Jordan $m 34.1 54.8 54.8 58.7 89.8 81.5 56.1Qatar $m 12.2 28.8 28.2 49.2 74.0 99.9 108Saudi Arabia $m 21.0 28.1 20.7 37.1 48.0 51.8 50.0United Arab Emirates $m 83.6 80.7 82.0 106 125 148 162Other Middle East $m 59.1 48.4 74.9 33.4 42.2 35.9 51.3

Papua New Guinea $m 32.6 39.5 42.3 42.2 45.3 49.8 63.3United States $m 333 304 303 398 532 617 619Other $m 215 235 202 276 344 333 405World $m 1,064 1,092 1,128 1,534 1,779 1,771 1,934

China $m 26.4 30.3 123 229 168 86.0 89.5Japan $m 26.4 25.0 16.9 28.8 27.3 35.1 32.2Malaysia $m 21.1 21.0 30.8 60.6 80.0 68.7 67.0Middle East $m 192 160 162 161 239 208 239

Bahrain $m 29.4 30.0 9.6 0.2 1.9 13.4 37.0Kuwait $m 17.4 22.9 22.0 15.8 29.3 20.5 23.5Saudi Arabia $m 53.3 39.2 48.9 57.7 85.3 54.1 65.0United Arab Emirates $m 51.2 42.8 49.0 45.1 60.2 50.0 53.1Other Middle East $m 40.9 25.6 32.8 42.2 61.8 69.7 60.0

Singapore $m 22.2 21.6 25.0 41.4 45.4 49.6 56.6Taiwan $m 14.0 19.2 18.1 28.2 35.5 20.9 19.6United States $m 40.6 24.5 33.8 50.6 77.7 94.3 102Other $m 110 98.6 99.9 173 152 137 113World $m 453 401 510 772 824 699 719

Middle East $m 295 300 183 176 213 209 216Bahrain $m 52.9 54.6 7.3 9.7 40.7 13.5 0.0Jordan $m 23.8 44.8 30.1 30.3 17.6 16.9 17.0Kuwait $m 136 113 57.9 61.9 70.4 80.5 77.5Oman $m 6.6 4.6 3.3 5.1 8.9 9.1 16.5Qatar $m 41.8 67.8 66.1 46.7 43.8 53.6 73.2Saudi Arabia $m 19.9 0.0 8.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0United Arab Emirates $m 8.0 6.3 3.0 11.3 24.2 19.0 17.9Other Middle East $m 6.2 8.5 6.8 10.6 7.6 16.4 14.4

Singapore $m 1.3 1.2 0.8 1.0 0.7 0.6 0.6Turkey $m 43.2 37.0 5.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Other $m 8.7 6.8 4.7 8.2 30.9 17.7 15.9World $m 348 345 194 185 245 228 233a Includes young sheep and hoggets. b Includes animals for breeding. Sources: ABARES, Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra

Lamb

Mutton a

Live sheep b

TABLE 15.4 Value of Australian exports of sheep meat and live sheep (fob)

156

Meat – sheep


United Arab Saudi

China Emirates China Japan Arabia

Bone in Carcases Bone in Bone in Bone in Boneless Boneless

frozen frozen chilled frozen frozen chilled frozen

Ac/kg fob Ac/kg fob Ac/kg fob Ac/kg fob Ac/kg fob Ac/kg fob Ac/kg fob1992 803 239 485 245 0.0 246 2121993 589 213 551 300 0.0 284 2081994 350 192 602 260 0.0 271 2271995 407 213 681 277 108 310 2601996 703 217 766 328 63.7 298 2321997 966 234 812 351 232 263 2851998 1,163 249 811 399 25.0 325 2411999 599 223 861 374 61.1 345 2182000 366 273 1,008 380 99.2 560 2462001 303 291 946 473 119 718 3632002 275 320 832 549 119 783 3832003 239 322 1,008 505 110 729 3332004 191 350 956 540 106 766 3192005 161 362 927 548 109 519 3322006 204 331 908 532 95.7 704 3522007 337 316 851 513 108 926 3102008 453 326 943 619 124 884 3502009 1,307 375 988 721 179 793 3442010 839 511 1,020 711 202 1,031 5362011 601 530 1,214 796 204 1,120 4572012 501 450 943 645 251 1,198 3342013 584 420 1,039 711 308 911 3492014 584 512 1,046 1,019 335 1,108 4732015 737 539 1,095 1,193 285 1,486 4262016 817 508 1,089 992 251 1,631 434

March 648 534 1,064 1,170 334 1,366 453June 623 543 1,052 1,373 275 1,496 406September 833 567 1,091 1,181 249 1,479 427December 843 511 1,173 1,046 281 1,601 417

March 839 457 1,027 930 221 1,631 479June 813 503 1,099 944 246 1,644 376September 803 523 1,076 1,058 255 1,591 389December 813 550 1,153 1,036 283 1,657 491

March 793 607 1,116 999 321 1,462 529June 808 698 1,270 1,192 355 1,618 395September 774 612 1,169 1,191 384 1,512 527a Average unit value of exports. Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra

2016

2017

2015

Lamb a Mutton a

United States

TABLE 15.5 Prices for Australian lamb and mutton on principal overseas markets

157

Meat – sheep


2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

million million million million million million millionAlgeria 22.9 24.0 25.2 26.6 27.8 27.8 naArgentina 15.0 14.7 14.3 12.1 12.2 11.8 naAustralia 68.1 73.1 74.7 75.5 72.6 70.9 68Brazil 17.4 17.7 16.8 17.3 17.6 17.6 naChina b 177 178 183 150 158 162 naEthiopia 25.5 24.2 25.5 26.5 29.3 29.0 naIndia 74.0 74.5 75.0 63.8 63.0 62.9 naIran 49.5 50.0 50.2 50.2 50.2 50.2 naMorocco 18.0 18.7 19.0 20.0 19.2 19.5 naNew Zealand 32.6 31.1 31.3 30.8 29.8 29.1 28Nigeria 37.4 38.0 38.5 39.0 40.6 40.2 naPakistan 27.8 28.1 28.4 28.8 29.1 29.1 naRussian Federation 19.9 19.8 20.8 22.1 22.2 23.2 naSouth Africa 24.5 24.3 24.4 25.0 24.9 25.0 naSpain 18.6 17.0 16.3 16.1 15.4 15.5 naSyria 15.5 18.1 18.1 18.0 17.9 17.9 naTurkey 21.8 23.1 25.0 27.4 31.1 30.9 naUnited Kingdom 31.1 31.6 32.2 32.9 33.7 33.7 naUnited States 5.6 5.5 5.4 5.3 5.2 5.2 naUruguay 7.7 7.5 8.2 7.5 7.4 6.6 naTotal 1,117 1,139 1,159 1,183 1,162 1,163 naa Mostly at 31 December of year shown. Data for Australia and New Zealand are at 30 June. b Excludes Hong Kong. Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics, Agricultural Commodities, Australia, cat. no. 7121.0, Canberra; International Wool Textile Organisation, Market Information; Statistics New Zealand, Infoshare; UN FAO, FAOSTAT , Rome

TABLE 15.6 World sheep numbers, by country a

158

Meat – sheep


2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

kt (cw) kt (cw) kt (cw) kt (cw) kt (cw) kt (cw) kt (cw)Algeria 205 253 261 280 291 na naAustralia 541 507 583 687 720 710 686China a 2,070 2,048 2,041 2,080 2,184 na naIndia 289 293 242 238 235 na naIran 89.9 104 130 130 148 na naMorocco 139 143 148 118 120 na naNew Zealand 470 445 462 490 487 500 naNigeria 171 172 170 173 139 na naPakistan 156 158 160 162 164 na naRussian Federation 167 171 173 173 186 na naSouth Africa 141 132 134 135 184 na naSpain 131 131 122 118 114 117 naSyria 153 172 183 171 161 na naTurkey 240 253 249 271 313 na naUnited Kingdom 277 289 276 290 298 300 naWorld 8,224 8,307 8,390 8,687 8,960 9,229 9,506a Excludes Hong Kong. Sources: ABARES, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Livestock and Meat, Australia, cat. no. 7218.0.55.001, Canberra; Statistics New Zealand, Infoshare; UN FAO, FAOSTAT, Rome

TABLE 15.7 World lamb and mutton production, by country a

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

kt (sw) kt (sw) kt (sw) kt (sw) kt (sw) kt (sw) kt (sw)

Australia 268 257 311 398 442 411 401New Zealand 354 328 349 398 396 392 361

China 56.9 83.1 123.9 259 283 223 nafrom Australia 30.4 38.7 56.0 109 108 74.5 78.1from New Zealand 29.8 43.9 77.6 142 157 132 120

France 115 108 107 104 102 94.7 na from Australia 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.4 2.2 2.0 2.2from New Zealand 27.6 21.9 15.4 13.0 13.2 13.5 11.6

Saudi Arabia 57.1 49.1 52.8 51.3 57.2 61.2 na from Australia 15.1 15.2 17.2 16.6 23.8 24.4 19.4 from New Zealand 20.0 15.6 18.9 15.1 14.3 16.4 10.3

United Kingdom 102 88.6 85.7 98.9 92.9 93.5 na from Australia 12.1 11.2 12.1 13.0 14.2 12.5 12.3 from New Zealand 74.4 63.0 65.2 71.1 64.2 70.8 63.1

United States 75.1 73.5 78.6 85.3 97.7 103 na from Australia 42.5 39.6 44.5 48.3 59.8 71.8 69.4 from New Zealand 25.0 21.6 19.1 20.4 19.6 23.8 22.5

Sources: Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra; Statistics New Zealand, Infoshare; UN Commodity Trade Statistics Database; US Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Livestock and Meat International Trade Data, Washington DC

Exports

Imports

TABLE 15.8 Volume of trade in sheep meat, by selected countries

159

Meat – sheep


2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17

kt (sw) kt (sw) kt (sw) kt (sw) kt (sw) kt (sw) kt (sw)

China 37.4 51.2 88.8 94.3 81.6 89.5 86.2European Union 129 111 126 118 125 125 106

France 18.5 14.2 13.5 13.7 13.0 11.4 10.2Germany 15.2 14.5 15.6 14.8 18.2 17.2 16.1Netherlands 8.5 9.6 9.9 11.7 13.2 15.8 14.1United Kingdom 54.7 53.0 67.1 59.7 59.8 60.6 48.5

Middle East 22.9 32.6 28.4 26.3 29.2 19.7 25.2Jordan 7.3 11.3 8.4 7.5 8.9 8.8 9.3Saudi Arabia 12.9 17.7 15.8 15.3 16.5 7.1 0.5

United States 17.4 14.8 17.7 17.7 19.5 19.2 21.9Other 58.9 54.8 51.8 50.6 40.9 43.1 44.8World 266 264 313 307 297 297 284

China 5.8 11.1 44.1 65.1 47.9 41.8 36.6European Union 20.7 17.1 14.0 10.3 13.0 14.9 8.7

Germany 4.4 4.9 4.1 2.5 2.1 2.6 1.5United Kingdom 9.0 7.9 6.8 4.7 6.9 7.5 3.5

Malaysia 9.0 6.2 4.1 2.6 5.6 5.8 9.8Mexico 2.7 1.9 1.5 0.8 1.3 0.8 1.6Middle East 7.1 4.1 1.9 1.6 1.7 1.6 3.1

Oman 2.9 3.2 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.2 2.2Taiwan 8.2 5.7 5.7 3.9 5.7 7.2 6.1United States 7.5 3.2 2.8 1.5 3.7 3.1 5.8Other 15.7 11.2 10.6 8.2 6.4 6.0 7.7World 76.6 60.5 84.7 94.0 85.3 81.2 79.3Source: Statistics New Zealand, Infoshare

Lamb

Mutton

TABLE 15.9 Volume of New Zealand sheep meat exports, by destination

160

Oilseeds


Area a Yield Production Exports b Domestic use c Price d

’000 ha t/ha kt kt kt A$/t1991–92 151 1.1 170 10.6 160 na1992–93 107 1.7 178 51.5 126 3091993–94 177 1.7 305 103 202 3451994–95 356 0.7 264 84.6 179 3731995–96 377 1.5 557 384 173 3601996–97 407 1.5 623 330 294 3631997–98 697 1.2 855 555 301 3681998–99 1,247 1.4 1,690 1,356 335 3801999–2000 1,911 1.3 2,460 2,034 426 2842000–01 1,459 1.2 1,775 1,392 383 3362001–02 1,332 1.3 1,756 1,380 376 4062002–03 1,298 0.7 871 517 354 4752003–04 1,211 1.4 1,703 1,202 501 4002004–05 1,377 1.1 1,542 892 650 3422005–06 972 1.5 1,419 831 588 3562006–07 1,052 0.5 573 228 402 4922007–08 1,277 1.0 1,214 472 742 6642008–09 1,693 1.1 1,844 1,067 778 5872009–10 1,695 1.1 1,907 1,187 720 4332010–11 2,078 1.1 2,359 1,549 811 5392011–12 2,461 1.4 3,427 2,557 871 5212012–13 3,272 1.3 4,142 3,512 631 5602013–14 2,721 1.4 3,832 2,863 969 5292014–15 2,897 1.2 3,540 2,626 915 4842015–16 2,091 1.3 2,775 1,857 1,088 5422016–17 s 2,318 1.8 4,136 3,517 972 530 a Planted area. b Delivered Melbourne, July-June years.c Seed only. November–October years. d Calculated as a residual: production plus imports less exports less any observed or assumed change in stocks. s ABARES estimate.Note: Details for establishments with estimated value of agricultural operations (EVAO) of $22,500 or more from 1991–92 to 1992–93; EVAO of $5,000 or more from 1993–94 to 2014–15; and EVAO of $40,000 from 2015–16.Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Agriculture, Australia, cat. no. 7113.0, Canberra; ABS, Agricultural Commodities, Australia, cat. no. 7121.0, Canberra; ABS, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra

TABLE 16.1 Summary of Australian statistics for canola

161

Oilseeds


New South Western

Unit South Wales Victoria Queensland Australia Australia Tasmania Australia a

2011–12 ’000 ha 729 477 1.3 283 969 0.7 2,4612012–13 ’000 ha 1,025 589 0.7 336 1,320 0.6 3,2722013–14 ’000 ha 673 439 2.3 297 1,307 1.2 2,7212014–15 ’000 ha 699 483 0.9 316 1,397 1.1 2,8972015–16 ’000 ha 568 277 2.0 149 1,094 1.0 2,0912016–17 s ’000 ha 510 355 2.0 210 1,240 0.9 2,318Yield2011–12 t/ha 1.5 1.4 1.1 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.42012–13 t/ha 1.5 1.5 0.9 1.2 1.0 1.5 1.32013–14 t/ha 1.4 1.6 0.4 1.4 1.4 2.0 1.42014–15 t/ha 1.5 1.2 0.5 1.0 1.2 1.6 1.22015–16 t/ha 1.6 1.0 1.4 1.5 1.2 2.0 1.32016–17 s t/ha 1.7 2.0 1.6 1.9 1.8 1.2 1.8

2011–12 kt 1,092 689 1.4 413 1,232 0.8 3,4272012–13 kt 1,495 866 0.7 415 1,364 0.9 4,1422013–14 kt 922 710 0.9 419 1,777 2.5 3,8322014–15 kt 1,014 559 0.4 324 1,641 1.8 3,5402015–16 kt 937 287 2.8 219 1,328 2.0 2,7752016–17 s kt 842 700 3.2 390 2,200 1.1 4,136

2011–12 ’000 ha 358 0.0 241 0.0 0.8 0.0 6002012–13 ’000 ha 284 0.0 159 0.0 0.0 0.0 4432013–14 ’000 ha 256 0.0 136 0.0 0.0 0.0 3922014–15 ’000 ha 124 0.0 73.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1972015–16 ’000 ha 163 0.0 107 0.0 0.0 0.0 2702016–17 s ’000 ha 370 0.0 187 0.0 0.0 0.0 557

2011–12 t/ha 3.0 0.0 2.8 0.0 2.5 0.0 2.92012–13 t/ha 3.3 na 3.1 na na 0.0 3.22013–14 t/ha 3.2 na 3.1 na na na 3.22014–15 t/ha 3.8 na 3.8 na na na 3.82015–16 t/ha 3.4 na 3.1 na na na 3.32016–17 s t/ha 2.3 na 2.4 na na na 2.4

2011–12 kt 1,065 0.0 665 0.0 2.0 0.0 1,7322012–13 kt 949 0.0 490 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,4392013–14 kt 831 0.0 421 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,2522014–15 kt 472 0.0 274 0.0 0.0 0.0 7462015–16 kt 559 0.0 331 0.0 0.0 0.0 8902016–17 s kt 868 0.0 448 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,317

Continued …

Production

Yield

Area

Production

Canola

Cottonseed

Area

TABLE 16.2 Australian oilseeds area, yield and production, by state and type

162

Oilseeds


New South Western


2011–12 ’000 ha 0.1 0.0 7.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.42012–13 ’000 ha 0.4 0.0 7.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.62013–14 ’000 ha 0.0 0.0 5.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.82014–15 ’000 ha 0.1 0.0 4.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.82015–16 ’000 ha 0.0 0.0 4.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.82016–17 s ’000 ha 0.0 0.0 8.0 0.0 0.0 na 8.0

2011–12 t/ha 3.6 na 3.1 na na na 3.12012–13 t/ha 6.9 na 2.6 na na na 2.92013–14 t/ha na na 2.9 na na na 3.02014–15 t/ha 4.5 na 3.2 na na na 3.22015–16 t/ha 7.0 0 3.1 na na na 3.12016–17 s t/ha na 0 2.5 na na na 2.5

2011–12 kt 0.3 0.0 22.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 22.62012–13 kt 3.0 0.0 18.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 21.82013–14 kt 0.0 0.0 15.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 17.32014–15 kt 0.3 0.0 15.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.62015–16 kt 0.3 0.0 14.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.02016–17 s kt 0.0 0.0 20.0 0.0 0.0 na 20.0

2011–12 ’000 ha 32.9 11 23.0 3.3 2.5 1.8 73.92012–13 ’000 ha 63.5 11 21.5 4.8 5.0 1.3 1062013–14 ’000 ha 34.4 3.4 9.9 2.4 7.4 0.3 57.52014–15 ’000 ha 26.7 5.8 16.1 0.6 4.4 0.6 53.52015–16 ’000 ha 24.7 3.5 16.2 4.1 3.0 0.5 51.42016–17 s ’000 ha 32 3.5 22 4.1 3.0 0 65

2011–12 t/ha 1.5 0.9 1.3 1.7 1.3 1.4 1.42012–13 t/ha 1.2 1.2 1.3 0.9 1.0 1.3 1.22013–14 t/ha 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.6 1.2 1.6 1.12014–15 t/ha 1.6 1.1 1.3 0.9 1.0 1.6 1.42015–16 t/ha 1.6 0.7 1.3 0.7 1.0 0.0 1.42016–17 s t/ha 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.0 na 1.5

2011–12 kt 48.2 9.6 31.1 5.7 3.3 2.5 1002012–13 kt 77.0 13.1 28.3 4.5 4.8 1.7 1292013–14 kt 37.0 3.5 11.2 1.4 9.0 0.5 62.52014–15 kt 42.8 6.1 20.1 0.5 4.2 1.0 74.72015–16 kt 40.3 2.6 20.8 2.8 3.0 0.0 70.22016–17 s kt 49 5.2 32.3 5.5 3.0 0.0 95a Other oilseeds include linseed, safflower seed, sesame seed, soybeans and sunflower seed. s ABARES estimate.Note: Series break in 2015–16. Prior to 2015–16 figures are based on establishments with an estimated value of agricultural operations (EVAO) of $5,000. From 2015–16 (inclusive) figures are based on establishments with an EVAO of $40,000.Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Agriculture, Australia, cat. no. 7113.0, Canberra; ABS, Agricultural Commodities, Australia, cat. no. 7121.0, Canberra

Peanut

Area

Yield

Production

Other oilseeds a

Area

Yield

Production

TABLE 16.2 Australian oilseeds area, yield and production, by state and type continued

163

Oilseeds


2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17


Canola 1,471 2,323 3,488 3,194 2,445 1,946 3,598Cottonseed 268 654 754 464 167 147 184Linseed 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Peanuts 3.5 2.9 2.8 3.2 3.0 3.4 4.6Safflowerseed 0.1 1.2 3.0 0.9 0.4 1.6 1.6Soybeans 2.1 1.1 3.1 9.0 2.2 4.8 3.4Sunflowerseed 0.9 0.6 1.0 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.3Total b 1,745 2,982 4,251 3,672 2,617 2,102 3,793(value, $m) 965 1,549 2,327 2,115 1,438 1,185 2,234

Canola 104 117 116 152 159 154 148Cottonseed 18 2.1 3.7 3.0 4.3 5.2 12.5Linseed 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 1.8 1.3Palm 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2Peanut 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.7 1.2 1.0 0.2Soybeans 1.0 0.2 1.4 2.1 5.0 4.2 3.7

and Safflowerseed 0.2 0.4 1.5 0.2 0.0 0.4 1.2Olive 6.1 5.2 3.0 4.9 4.4 4.8 3.8Other 16.9 15.1 19.8 18.7 18.9 16.6 26.0Total 147 140 146 181 193 188 196(value, $m) 226 234 247 269 263 301 303

Canola 31.5 21.6 41.2 42.2 36.9 22.9 6.1Cottonseed 31.7 42.1 42.6 35.8 22.5 0.2 11.8Linseed 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Soybeans 3.5 6.4 2.9 2.0 1.4 1.5 5.2Sunflowerseed 1.7 2.0 1.7 0.0 0 0.0 0.0Other c 35.4 21.7 43.1 43.8 37.8 23.7 7.8Total 104 93.7 131 124 98.6 48.3 31.0(value, $m) 36.2 33.5 50.3 56.8 44.9 18.4 18.1a July–June year. b Excludes sesame seed and other oleaginous fruit. c Includes flour, meal of oilseeds, and oleaginous fruit. Excludes peanut meal. Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra

Oilseeds

Oils

Oilseed meals

Sunflowerseed

TABLE 16.3 Australian exports of oilseeds, vegetable oils and meals, by type a

164

Oilseeds


Unit 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17

Bangladesh kt 8.9 15.0 104 0.0 10.9 11.3 0.7Belgium kt 222 642 829 660 487 636 873China kt 0.0 0.0 383 947 533 0.0 119France kt 45.5 45.0 281 359 203 229 427Germany kt 223 276 178 354 133 619 1,486Japan kt 70.8 74.3 112 179 308 90.3 140Netherlands kt 856 998 605 120 238 282 142Pakistan kt 1.9 162 552 214 146 0.0 50.7Other kt 42.4 111 444 361 386 78.1 361World kt 1,471 2,323 3,488 3,194 2,445 1,946 3,598

Japan kt 71.9 109 114 77.8 47.9 58.2 40.8Korea, Rep. of kt 51.8 97.3 134 87.5 32.7 41.5 28.8Saudi Arabia kt 0.0 1.3 0.4 9.8 12.5 12.0 11.6Taiwan kt 0.0 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.0 0.5 0.0United States kt 0.0 63 166 181 53.5 3.5 43.5Other kt 144 383 339 107 20.1 31.1 60World kt 268 654 754 464 167 147 184

China kt 0.5 11.9 19.2 20.9 36.2 na naJapan kt 6.5 8.4 6.8 2.6 9.4 na naKorea, Rep. of kt 33.5 21.2 21.3 37.4 18.5 na naMalaysia kt 11.4 26.5 19.7 41.9 19.1 na naNew Zealand kt 19.4 26.4 26.1 18.5 24.1 na naOther kt 32.9 22.9 23.1 30.5 52.3 na naWorld kt 104 117 116 152 159 154 148

New Zealand kt 14.0 11.2 7.7 42.2 36.8 12.5 0.2Taiwan kt 1.4 0.1 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3Vietnam kt 16.0 0.8 18.8 0.0 0.1 1.3 3.7Other kt 0.1 9.5 12.5 0.0 0.1 9.0 1.9World kt 31.5 21.6 41.2 42.2 36.9 22.9 6.1

Korea, Rep. of kt 20.6 23.9 7.2 13.9 3.5 0.0 0.3New Zealand kt 8.4 16.5 27.7 22 19 0.2 11.5Other kt 2.7 1.7 7.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0World kt 31.7 42.1 42.6 35.8 22.5 0.2 11.8

a July–June year. b Canola oil exports not available on a destination basis from 2015–16 due to data confidentiality restrictions from October 2015 onwards.Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra

Oilseeds

Canola

Cottonseed

Canola oil b

Canola meal

Cottonseed meal

Oilseeds products

TABLE 16.4 Volume of Australian exports of selected oilseeds products, by destination a

165

Oilseeds


Unit 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17

Canola kt 0.6 0.7 1.1 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.4Copra kt 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 1.9 0.7Linseed kt 0.2 1.7 1.0 1.0 4.2 1.3 0.4Peanuts kt 13.2 11.7 12.0 13.6 18.6 21.8 24.9Soybeans kt 1.1 1.2 1.5 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.9Sunflowerseed kt 2.1 2.2 2.6 4.0 5.6 5.0 3.0Other b kt 7.9 7.6 8.6 10.3 11.5 11.4 12.2Total kt 26.1 25.1 26.7 30.5 42.2 42.8 42.5

value $m 44.5 46.4 57.1 75.3 94.6 91.9 87.7

Canola kt 12 14 15 23 27 22 17Cottonseed kt 3.0 4.5 4.2 5.3 12 13 15Linseed kt 1.8 1.7 0.8 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.4Maize kt 4.2 3.8 4.5 5.3 2.9 2.5 2.5Peanut kt 0.4 0.8 0.6 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.1

sunflowerseed kt 48.9 42.4 39.3 61.9 46.7 60.3 64.5Soybean kt 24.0 22.6 18.0 24.8 29.5 28.3 28.0Castor kt 1.8 1.6 1.1 1.1 1.3 0.9 1.2Coconut kt 12.7 12.1 14.1 11.2 12.9 12.9 11.4Olive kt 35.4 30.6 30.3 28.0 25.8 25.0 30.1Palm kt 43.8 37.3 38.4 52.7 60.3 70.6 62.6Palm kernel kt 9.3 7.7 8.7 7.0 8.0 7.6 7.5Palm olein kt 63.1 48.2 44.9 40.1 36.9 50.7 51.8Palm stearin kt 21.4 17.4 18.0 12.0 11.8 12.3 10.7Tung kt 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Other c kt 32.3 22.2 44.6 32.7 36.3 82.7 17.8Total oils kt 315 267 282 307 314 391 323

value $m 577 559 524 577 630 744 730

Soybeans kt 521 607 637 572 731 706 821Other d kt 32.3 22.2 44.6 32.7 36.3 82.7 17.8Total kt 553 629 681 605 767 788 839

value $m 212 224 338 345 395 351 405a July–June year. b Oilseeds, oleaginous fruit, used for extraction of vegetable oils, not elsewhere specified. c Includes fixed vegetable oils not elsewhere specified, including mixtures; boiled, oxidised and dehydrated vegetable oils not elsewhere specified; vegetable oils and fats not elsewhere specified. d Includes flours. Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra

Oilseeds

Oils

Safflowerseed and

Oilseed meals

TABLE 16.5 Volume of Australian imports of oilseeds, vegetable oils and meals, by type a

166

Oilseeds


Stocks

Harvested to use

Area b Production Use c World d Exporters e ratio Exports g Price h

million ha Mt Mt Mt Mt % Mt US$/t1973–74 101 117 115 7.5 5.8 6.5 19.2 2601974–75 99.1 108 111 8.7 6.9 7.8 16.1 2491975–76 97.9 116 118 11.3 8.9 9.6 20.4 2151976–77 94.8 105 115 5.1 3.9 4.4 20.4 2881977–78 113 138 138 12.7 10.6 9.2 27.1 2591978–79 118 145 146 13.0 10.6 8.9 30.1 2951979–80 123 165 154 23.6 20.6 15.3 34.4 2781980–81 121 151 155 19.9 17.3 12.8 31.5 3101981–82 124 165 167 18.7 15.8 11.2 35.3 2531982–83 125 174 172 20.2 17.2 11.8 34.7 2601983–84 123 161 165 15.9 12.6 9.7 32.4 3011984–85 131 187 181 21.5 17.6 11.8 32.3 2231985–86 130 192 187 27.0 23.8 14.4 33.7 2111986–87 126 190 194 23.1 19.4 11.9 36.9 2091987–88 133 205 202 24.4 19.8 12.1 38.9 2821988–89 140 200 201 23.7 19.6 11.8 31.6 2921989–90 140 211 209 25.1 21.0 12.0 35.5 2471990–91 139 214 215 24.7 20.9 11.5 33.5 2411991–92 145 222 224 22.9 19.1 10.2 34.2 2371992–93 144 226 225 24.8 21.2 11.0 35.4 2461993–94 147 227 230 22.1 18.3 9.6 36.0 2591994–95 156 261 255 28.7 24.6 11.2 41.5 2481995–96 161 258 263 23.8 18.9 9.1 41.6 3041996–97 157 261 264 20.6 14.4 7.8 46.1 3041997–98 164 287 275 30.9 23.7 11.2 49.3 2571998–99 171 295 292 34.4 27.4 11.8 51.1 2091999–2000 174 304 300 38.1 28.8 12.7 59.5 2102000–01 176 316 313 40.1 29.5 12.8 66.9 2012001–02 179 327 325 42.7 33.9 13.1 62.4 2012002–03 177 334 328 49.4 39.8 15.0 70.0 2452003–04 193 338 338 46.4 37.6 13.7 66.8 3212004–05 198 383 368 59.8 45.5 16.2 74.4 2752005–06 200 394 387 66.8 52.3 17.3 75.8 2612006–07 199 406 394 75.2 63.0 19.1 83.1 3352007–08 194 391 403 63.1 52.5 15.7 91.4 5492008–09 205 399 405 58.0 38.6 14.3 94.7 4212009–10 210 447 425 75.3 48.1 17.7 107 4292010–11 218 461 448 85.3 55.4 19.1 109 5492011–12 220 447 467 66.5 35.2 14.2 112 5622012–13 227 475 469 67.8 43.0 14.4 119 5512013–14 230 504 493 77.7 50.0 15.7 134 5182014–15 234 537 517 93.4 63.0 18.1 147 4072015–16 232 521 526 88.6 59.3 16.9 153 3942016–17 233 570 551 108 72.7 19.6 167 538

Closing stocks

a Oilseeds include copra, cottonseed, palm kernels, peanuts, rapeseed (including canola), soybeans and sunflowerseed. b Area does not include copra or palm kernels. c Consumption, including crush etc. d Sum of individual closing stocks at the end of respective national crop years. e Argentina, Brazil, Canada and US. g Sum of individual country marketing years. h US soybeans, cif Rotterdam, marketing year October–September. Sources: ABARES; Oilseeds: World Markets and Trade ,Washington DC; US Department of Agriculture, Production, Supply and Distribution Database , Washington DC.

TABLE 16.6 Summary of world statistics for oilseeds a

167

Oilseeds


2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17


South Africa 1,721 1,276 1,410 1,898 1,834 1,541 2,340

Argentina 54,230 44,867 53,810 57,005 66,260 60,802 62,668Brazil 78,922 70,018 84,550 90,011 100,160 99,013 116,937Canada 17,302 19,095 19,042 23,962 22,514 24,821 26,114Paraguay 7,373 4,260 8,437 8,317 8,253 9,390 10,804United States 100,432 92,442 93,323 99,016 116,029 115,879 127,266

China 58,060 59,595 59,753 58,640 57,657 54,454 55,000India 35,906 37,692 36,806 36,864 32,284 29,370 37,984Indonesia 9,572 10,177 10,797 11,502 12,087 11,804 12,269Malaysia 4,554 4,595 4,900 5,130 5,080 4,531 4,821Pakistan 4,428 5,168 4,546 4,593 5,123 3,452 3,712Philippines 2,863 2,487 2,705 2,334 2,287 2,154 2,258Turkey 1,907 2,150 2,240 2,490 2,590 2,280 2,675Turkmenistan 685 598 666 607 598 569 518Uzbekistan 1,646 1,568 1,803 1,607 1,528 1,490 1,400

European Union b 29,322 29,465 28,080 32,051 35,913 32,443 31,900Russian Federation 6,720 11,659 10,123 12,618 12,060 12,881 14,989Ukraine 11,250 13,501 12,710 16,726 16,300 17,576 19,730

Australia c 3,725 5,282 5,732 5,163 4,377 3,750 5,567Other countries 30,394 31,498 33,100 32,999 33,935 32,575 31,082World 461,012 447,393 474,533 503,533 536,869 520,775 570,035a Oilseeds include copra, cottonseed, palm kernels, peanuts, rapeseed (including canola), soybeans and sunflowerseed. b Regarded as 28 countries. c Series break in 2015–16. Prior to 2015–16 figures are based on establishments with an estimated value of agricultural operations (EVAO) of $5,000. From 2015–16 (inclusive) figures are based on establishments with an EVAO of $40,000.Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics, Agricultural Commodities, Australia, cat no. 7121.0, Canberra; US Department of Agriculture, Production, Supply and Distribution Database , Washington DC

Africa

Americas

Asia

Europe

Oceania

TABLE 16.7 World oilseeds production, by country a

168

Oilseeds


Castor- Cotton- Palm Rape- Sesame Sunflower-

seed Copra seed Linseed kernels Peanuts seed a seed Soybeans seed

kt kt kt kt kt kt kt kt kt kt1973–74 1,032 3,204 22,862 2,490 993 16,251 7,110 1,801 54,007 12,1751974–75 1,118 4,385 22,985 2,194 1,049 16,651 7,821 1,746 44,246 10,7251975–76 787 5,020 19,888 2,570 1,078 18,468 8,402 1,710 53,633 9,9591976–77 663 4,571 20,064 2,226 1,122 16,378 7,127 1,695 45,463 10,1301977–78 717 4,745 22,685 2,858 1,157 16,735 7,836 1,827 72,148 12,8221978–79 849 4,132 21,458 2,939 1,285 17,711 10,635 1,888 77,408 12,6201979–80 876 4,287 23,248 2,940 1,415 17,140 9,944 1,911 93,389 15,1621980–81 776 4,757 23,481 2,266 1,436 16,040 11,054 1,733 80,926 13,0901981–82 930 4,508 26,476 2,247 1,708 19,604 12,267 2,166 86,083 14,6641982–83 946 4,392 25,754 2,739 1,767 17,191 14,720 1,856 93,455 16,5301983–84 978 3,693 24,213 2,340 1,975 18,517 14,280 1,993 83,104 15,3281984–85 1,086 4,592 32,824 2,611 2,188 19,522 16,953 1,992 93,063 17,7761985–86 1,225 5,231 29,413 2,595 2,467 19,604 18,571 2,309 97,006 19,3361986–87 939 4,625 26,281 2,801 2,454 20,141 19,338 2,269 98,049 18,7551987–88 814 4,299 30,198 2,851 2,609 20,598 23,192 2,246 103,654 20,7981988–89 1,011 4,265 31,380 2,418 2,858 22,713 22,556 2,164 95,857 20,0231989–90 1,095 5,022 29,816 2,271 3,256 21,761 21,885 2,108 107,192 21,6661990–91 1,358 4,684 32,284 2,923 3,257 21,747 25,106 2,379 104,290 22,3271991–92 1,183 4,665 35,502 2,691 3,330 21,953 28,226 2,225 107,297 21,4021992–93 1,146 4,838 30,797 2,224 3,899 23,077 25,288 2,453 117,206 20,8971993–94 1,088 4,890 28,929 2,189 4,129 24,298 26,633 2,278 117,582 20,7521994–95 1,228 5,533 32,311 2,457 4,484 27,482 30,190 2,258 137,646 23,2671995–96 1,086 5,136 35,181 2,524 4,869 27,630 34,331 2,520 124,699 25,7161996–97 1,260 6,140 33,660 2,478 5,232 29,118 31,473 2,782 131,943 23,9111997–98 1,206 5,455 34,370 2,277 5,098 27,518 33,122 2,569 157,950 23,3901998–99 1,198 4,404 32,379 2,742 5,642 29,960 35,755 2,552 159,827 26,6911999–2000 1,141 5,457 32,981 2,695 6,396 29,416 42,524 2,583 160,307 27,2052000–01 1,376 5,789 33,663 2,013 7,110 33,332 37,349 2,775 175,819 22,9282001–02 1,117 5,128 36,523 1,875 7,237 35,617 36,021 3,118 184,896 21,2612002–03 966 5,140 33,763 1,922 7,867 33,549 33,277 2,831 196,918 23,7302003–04 1,249 5,330 36,073 2,087 8,557 35,166 39,459 3,196 186,758 26,5912004–05 1,296 5,529 45,352 1,913 9,696 34,987 46,238 3,469 215,862 25,3882005–06 1,500 5,399 43,113 2,757 10,123 35,749 48,933 3,472 221,197 29,9222006–07 1,168 5,066 46,085 2,519 10,396 32,592 45,808 3,664 235,703 30,0802007–08 1,452 5,499 45,603 1,665 11,335 34,141 48,369 3,744 218,966 27,3652008–09 1,623 5,619 41,347 1,990 12,148 36,936 58,007 3,821 212,036 32,9842009–10 1,412 5,614 39,466 2,184 12,626 36,412 61,022 3,966 260,484 31,5532010–11 1,735 5,691 44,328 1,830 13,143 39,896 60,949 4,388 264,289 32,7162011–12 2,735 5,521 48,007 2,184 14,030 38,977 61,646 4,670 240,559 38,6532012–13 2,240 5,721 46,351 2,062 15,090 39,792 64,061 5,042 268,532 34,9862013–14 1,845 5,417 45,017 2,299 15,968 41,399 71,665 4,948 282,463 41,6042014–15 1,948 5,430 44,374 2,565 16,566 39,841 71,454 5,469 319,780 39,4242015–16 na 5,310 36,083 na 15,853 40,306 69,608 na 313,197 40,4012016–17 na 6,600 39,803 na 16,091 39,919 69,175 na 351,775 44,274a Includes canola.Sources: UN FAO; UN FAOSTAT database, UN FAO; US Department of Agriculture, Production, Supply and Distribution Database, Washington DC

TABLE 16.8 World oilseeds production, by type

169

Oilseeds


2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17


Rapeseed b 10.2 13.2 12.8 15.6 14.4 12.1 16.5China 0.9 2.6 3.4 5.0 4.6 4.0 4.1European Union c 2.6 3.8 3.4 3.5 2.3 3.5 4.7Japan 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.5

Soybeans 89.8 94.6 97.2 113 124 133 143China 52.3 59.2 59.9 70.4 78.4 83.2 92.0European Union c 12.5 12.1 12.5 13.3 13.4 15.1 13.5Japan 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.2Mexico 3.5 3.6 3.4 3.8 3.8 4.1 4.2

Sunflowerseed 1.6 1.7 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.9 2.2European Union c 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.7Israel 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Mexico 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Pakistan 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2Turkey 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.6

Other oilseeds d 3.4 3.6 3.4 3.3 3.4 8.2 6.1World 105 113 115 133 143 156 168

Rapeseed b 10.9 13.0 12.6 15.1 15.1 14.7 15.8Australia 1.5 2.6 3.5 2.9 2.6 1.9 3.5Canada 7.2 8.7 7.1 9.2 9.2 10.3 11.1Ukraine 1.4 1.2 1.3 2.2 2.0 1.4 1.0

Soybeans 91.7 92.2 101 113 126 132 146Argentina 9.2 7.4 7.7 7.8 10.6 9.9 6.5Brazil 30.0 36.3 41.9 46.8 50.6 54.4 62.5United States 41.0 37.2 36.1 44.6 50.1 52.9 59.1

Sunflowerseed 1.8 1.9 1.5 2.0 1.7 2.1 2.5European Union c 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.4Russian Federation 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0Ukraine 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2United States 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Other oilseeds d 4.7 4.6 3.7 3.9 4.1 4.1 2.3World 109 112 119 134 147 153 167a Local marketing years, imports may not equal exports in any given period as a result of lags in shipping time. b Includes canola. c Regarded as 28 countries; excludes intra-EU trade. d Copra, cottonseed, palm kernels and peanuts. Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra; US Department of Agriculture, Production, Supply and Distribution Database, Washington DC

Imports

Exports

TABLE 16.9 Volume of world oilseeds trade, by type and country a

170

Oilseeds


2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17


Palm kernel meal 4.9 5.8 6.1 6.3 6.4 6.4 6.7European Union b 2.1 2.7 2.6 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2New Zealand 1.4 1.4 1.6 2.0 2.2 1.5 1.6

Rapeseed meal c 5.3 5.5 5.6 6.5 6.0 5.7 6.1United States 2.0 2.8 3.1 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.6

Soybean meal 56.9 57.0 53.8 57.9 60.4 61.9 61.8European Union b 21.9 20.9 16.9 18.1 19.2 19.2 19.0Indonesia 3.1 3.3 3.4 4.0 3.8 4.2 4.3Thailand 2.3 2.9 2.9 2.7 3.1 2.4 2.7Vietnam 2.7 2.3 3.0 3.3 4.5 5.1 5.2

Sunflowerseed meal 4.0 6.4 4.9 5.8 5.5 6.0 7.1European Union b 2.3 3.9 3.0 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.8Turkey 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.0

Other meals c 3.9 4.4 3.9 3.9 3.5 3.3 3.3World 75.0 79.1 74.4 80.4 81.7 83.2 84.9

Palm kernel meal 5.2 5.8 6.1 6.4 6.5 6.4 6.6Indonesia 2.9 3.4 3.5 3.7 4.0 3.9 4.1Malaysia 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.3

Rapeseed meal 5.2 5.5 5.5 6.1 5.9 5.7 6.0Canada 3.0 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.6 4.1 4.7India 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.3 0.8 0.3 0.4

Soybean meal 58.5 58.2 57.9 60.2 64.0 65.3 65.1Argentina 27.6 26.0 23.7 25.0 28.6 30.3 31.3Brazil 14.0 14.7 13.2 13.9 14.4 15.4 13.9United States 8.2 8.8 10.1 10.5 11.9 10.8 10.7

Sunflowerseed meal 4.6 6.8 5.1 6.2 5.9 6.2 7.5Argentina 0.7 0.8 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.7Russian Federation 0.6 1.7 1.4 1.7 1.3 1.5 0Ukraine 2.9 3.8 3.1 3.6 3.4 3.8 4.9

Other meals c 3.8 4.1 3.9 3.5 3.3 3.7 5.2World 77.3 80.4 78.6 82.4 85.5 87.3 90.4a Local marketing years, imports may not equal exports in any given period, as a result of lags in shipping time. b Regarded as 28 countries; excludes intra-EU trade. c Includes copra meal, cottonseed meal, fish meal and peanut meal.Sources: ABARES; US Department of Agriculture, Production, Supply and Distribution Database, Washington DC

Imports

Exports

TABLE 16.10 Volume of world protein meals trade, by type and country a

171

Oilseeds


2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17


Palm oil 36.7 38.9 42.1 42.0 44.6 42.6 43.8China 5.7 5.8 6.6 5.6 5.7 4.7 4.6European Union b 4.9 5.7 6.8 7.0 6.7 6.6 6.5India 6.7 7.5 8.4 7.8 9.3 8.9 9.0

Rapeseed oil c 3.4 4.0 3.9 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.5China 0.6 1.0 1.6 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.9India 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.4United States 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.8 2.0

Soybean oil 9.5 8.0 8.5 9.3 10.0 11.6 11.2China 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.4 0.8 0.6 0.7India 0.9 1.2 1.1 1.8 2.8 4.3 3.7

Sunflowerseed oil 3.8 5.9 5.2 7.0 6.1 7.0 8.5European Union b 0.8 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.8 1.4 1.6India 0.8 1.1 0.9 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.9Turkey 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.9

Other vegetable oils d 5.3 5.5 5.8 5.3 6.4 5.3 5.8World 58.7 62.3 65.6 67.4 71.1 70.7 73.8

Palm oil 37.3 39.8 43.1 43.2 47.5 43.7 45.8Indonesia 16.4 18.5 20.4 21.7 26.0 22.9 25.0Malaysia 17.2 17.6 18.5 17.3 17.4 16.6 16.5

Rapeseed oil c 3.4 4.0 4.0 3.8 4.1 4.1 4.5Canada 2.4 2.7 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.8 3.2

Soybean oil 9.7 8.5 9.4 9.5 11.1 11.7 11.5Argentina 4.6 3.8 4.2 4.1 5.1 5.7 5.5Brazil 1.7 1.9 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.4United States 1.5 0.7 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.2

Sunflowerseed oil 4.5 6.5 5.6 7.8 7.4 8.1 9.9Russian Federation 0.2 1.4 1.0 1.8 1.5 1.5 2.1Ukraine 2.7 3.3 3.2 4.2 3.9 4.5 5.7

Other vegetable oils d 5.7 6.0 6.4 5.8 6.6 7.1 4.8World 60.6 64.8 68.4 70.1 76.6 74.8 76.6a Local marketing years, imports may not equal exports in any given period, as a result of lags in shipping time. b Regarded as 28 countries; excludes intra-EU trade. c Includes canola oil. d Includes coconut oil, cottonseed oil, olive oil, palm kernel oil and peanut oil.Sources: ABARES; US Department of Agriculture, Production, Supply and Distribution Database, Washington DC

Imports

Exports

TABLE 16.11 Volume of world vegetable oils trade, by type and country a

172

Oilseeds


Canola b Palm oil c Soybeans d Soybean meal e Soybean oil f

US$/t US$/t US$/t US$/t US$/t1992–93 234 382 246 207 4531993–94 284 445 259 202 5801994–95 289 651 248 184 6421995–96 298 523 304 256 5751996–97 284 526 307 278 5361997–98 296 964 259 197 6331998–99 227 486 225 150 4831999–2000 190 309 208 180 3562000–01 202 235 200 188 3362001–02 220 329 203 174 4122002–03 285 421 267 197 5342003–04 317 481 323 273 6332004–05 262 392 277 231 5452005–06 292 416 261 215 5732006–07 375 655 335 276 7712007–08 644 1,058 550 469 1,3272008–09 393 633 421 401 8262009–10 419 793 429 391 9242010–11 647 1,154 549 418 1,3062011–12 616 1,032 562 461 1,2412012–13 579 791 592 538 1,0982013–14 505 803 542 533 9502014–15 417 626 407 403 7782015–16 409 628 396 351 7742016–17 432 699 404 336 848a October–September average. b Europe, 00, cif, Hamburg. c RBD, Malaysia fob. d various origin, cif Rotterdam. e 44/45% Hmb, fob exmill. f Dutch, fob exmill. Source: US Department of Agriculture, Oilseeds: World Markets and Trade, Washington DC

TABLE 16.12 Selected oilseed, oilseed meal and vegetable oil import price quotations, by country a

173

Pulses


Unit 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17 s

Area ’000 ha 756 689 450 387 443 534 515Yield t/ha 1.1 1.4 1.0 1.6 1.2 1.2 2.0Production kt 808 982 459 626 549 652 1,031Exports kt 289 316 416 298 270 220 414Value of exports $m 88.8 85.7 143 125 119 96.8 147Average unit value $/t 268 232 340 345 292 362 277

production $m 216 228 156 216 160 236 285

Area ’000 ha 318 249 281 245 237 238 230Yield t/ha 1.2 1.4 1.1 1.4 1.2 0.9 1.8Production kt 395 342 320 342 290 205 415Exports kt 254 248 208 155 179 143 225Value of exports $m 85.1 93.5 89.1 67.2 90.5 85.5 109Average unit value $/t 266 295 406 419 413 449 328

production $m 105 101 130 143 120 91.8 136

Area ’000 ha 653 456 574 508 425 677 1,069Yield t/ha 0.8 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.9Production kt 513 673 813 629 555 875 2,004Exports kt 409 653 852 562 674 1,140 1,970Value of exports $m 213 384 533 297 414 1,013 1,920Average unit value $/t 404 457 394 352 567 784 833

production $m 207 308 320 222 315 685 1,669

Area ’000 ha 2,230 1,802 1,740 1,526 1,522 2,055 2,511Yield t/ha 1.1 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.2 2.0Production kt 2,551 2,634 2,224 2,247 1,989 2,373 4,901Exports b kt 1,437 1,992 2,168 1,786 1,719 2,092 3,698Value of exports b $m 698 999 1,183 1,020 1,164 1,779 3,086Average unit value $/t 369 347 416 408 443 604 662

production $m 941 914 924 918 882 1,434 3,244a Lupins, field peas, chickpeas, faba beans, mung beans, navy beans, vetch and lentils. b Includes some other minor pulses. s ABARES estimate.Note: Series break in 2015–16. Prior to 2015–16 figures are based on establishments with an estimated value of agricultural operations (EVAO) of $5,000. From 2015–16 (inclusive) figures are based on establishments with an EVAO of $40,000.Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Agricultural Commodities, Australia, cat. no. 7121.0, Canberra; ABS, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra; ABS, Value of Agricultural Commodities Produced, Australia, cat. no. 7503.0, Canberra; Pulse Australia

Lupins

Field peas

Chickpeas

Total pulses a

Gross value of

Gross value of

Gross value of

Gross value of

TABLE 17.1 Summary of Australian statistics for pulses

174

Pulses


New South Western

Unit South Wales Victoria Queensland Australia Australia Australia a

2010–11 ’000 ha 128 42.1 0.1 63.7 522 7562011–12 ’000 ha 78.6 45.7 0.5 63.2 501 6892012–13 ’000 ha 57.7 29.2 0.0 60.5 303 4502013–14 ’000 ha 57.2 28.2 0.0 56.0 246 3872014–15 ’000 ha 55.9 31.9 0.0 68.3 287 4432015–16 ’000 ha 94.5 45.8 0.0 62.2 331 5342016–17 s ’000 ha 51.0 33.0 0.0 70.0 361 515

2010–11 t/ha 2.0 1.5 1.1 1.5 0.8 1.12011–12 t/ha 1.1 0.9 1.3 1.2 1.6 1.42012–13 t/ha 1.1 0.9 0.0 1.2 1.0 1.02013–14 t/ha 1.0 1.0 na 1.4 1.9 1.62014–15 t/ha 1.2 0.8 na 1.1 1.3 1.22015–16 t/ha 1.2 0.7 2.0 0.8 1.4 1.22016–17 s t/ha 1.3 1.8 2.6 1.4 2.2 2.0

2010–11 kt 252 64.5 0.1 93.0 398 8082011–12 kt 84.0 42.1 0.6 72.8 782 9822012–13 kt 63.2 26.3 0.0 74.0 295 4592013–14 kt 56.9 29.3 0.0 78.0 461 6262014–15 kt 65.5 26.3 0.0 75.0 382 5492015–16 kt 111 31.1 0.0 52.8 457 6522016–17 s kt 66.3 60.0 0.0 100 805 1,031

2010–11 ’000 ha 24.4 78.2 0.4 111 103 3182011–12 ’000 ha 40.5 38.0 0.0 110 60.0 2492012–13 ’000 ha 53.0 52.0 0.0 114 62.0 2812013–14 ’000 ha 50.0 51.0 0.0 112 32.0 2452014–15 ’000 ha 51.0 51.2 0.0 110 24.5 2372015–16 ’000 ha 48.1 54.0 0.0 114 22.0 2382016–17 s ’000 ha 50.0 49.0 0.0 100 31.0 230

2010–11 t/ha 1.1 1.3 0.7 1.8 0.7 1.22011–12 t/ha 1.5 1.6 0.0 1.4 1.2 1.42012–13 t/ha 1.2 1.3 0.0 1.1 1.0 1.12013–14 t/ha 1.1 1.3 na 1.7 1.2 1.42014–15 t/ha 1.3 1.3 na 1.2 1.3 1.22015–16 t/ha 1.5 0.4 na 0.7 1.3 0.92016–17 s t/ha 1.7 2.0 na 1.8 1.8 1.8

2010–11 kt 25.8 105 0.3 196 67.1 3952011–12 kt 61.9 60.0 0.0 150 70.6 3422012–13 kt 65.7 65.0 0.0 130 59.0 3202013–14 kt 52.6 68.0 0.0 184 37.1 3422014–15 kt 66.2 65.0 0.0 127 32.2 2902015–16 kt 72.5 20.6 0.0 82.1 29.3 2052016–17 s kt 85.0 100 0.0 175 55.0 415

Continued …

Area

Yield

Production

Lupins

Area

Yield

Production

Field peas

TABLE 17.2 Australian area sown, yields and production of selected pulses, by state

175

Pulses


New South Western


2010–11 ’000 ha 404 35.8 199 8.1 6.4 6532011–12 ’000 ha 244 47.9 149 11.0 4.7 4562012–13 ’000 ha 280 49.0 218 20.3 6.0 5742013–14 ’000 ha 220 48.0 216 19.0 5.0 5082014–15 ’000 ha 209 26.4 165 21.1 3.0 4252015–16 ’000 ha 398 13.3 252 10.9 3.5 6772016–17 s ’000 ha 480 16.0 550 19.0 4.0 1,069

2010–11 t/ha 0.8 1.4 0.7 1.7 0.5 0.82011–12 t/ha 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.52012–13 t/ha 1.4 1.1 1.6 1.1 0.7 1.42013–14 t/ha 1.1 1.0 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.22014–15 t/ha 1.3 2.0 1.2 0.8 1.3 1.32015–16 t/ha 1.2 0.3 1.5 0.7 1.1 1.32016–17 s t/ha 1.7 1.8 2.1 1.4 1.8 1.9

2010–11 kt 307 50.1 139 14.1 3.3 5132011–12 kt 361 71.6 221 14.0 5.8 6732012–13 kt 379 52.2 357 21.5 4.0 8132013–14 kt 251 49.5 296 27.0 6.0 6292014–15 kt 282 52.2 201 16.0 4.0 5552015–16 kt 489 3.5 371 7.1 3.9 8752016–17 s kt 792 28.0 1,150 27.0 7.0 2,004

2010–11 ’000 ha 32.9 63.0 0.5 60.4 5.6 1632011–12 ’000 ha 42.8 49.0 2.0 55.0 2.5 1512012–13 ’000 ha 54.4 67.0 0.0 78.0 3.5 2032013–14 ’000 ha 28.6 58.5 0.0 61.0 4.0 1522014–15 ’000 ha 32.7 62.4 3.0 61.8 4.0 1642015–16 ’000 ha 62.7 74.5 5.9 74.4 2.6 2202016–17 s ’000 ha 30.0 120 5.9 72.0 4.7 233

2010–11 t/ha 2.0 1.7 1.2 2.5 0.8 2.02011–12 t/ha 1.6 2.0 1.6 1.7 1.4 1.82012–13 t/ha 2.3 1.9 na 1.6 1.7 1.92013–14 t/ha 2.5 2.2 na 2.0 2.3 2.22014–15 t/ha 2.3 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.7 1.72015–16 t/ha 2.3 0.8 1.9 1.1 1.6 1.42016–17 s t/ha 2.6 1.8 2.5 2.2 2.3 2.1

2010–11 kt 64.7 104 0.6 150 4.5 3242011–12 kt 67.4 99.0 3.3 95.0 3.5 2682012–13 kt 123 126 0.0 122 5.9 3772013–14 kt 70.6 127 0.0 121 9.2 3282014–15 kt 76.8 112 4.9 83.4 6.7 2842015–16 kt 143 57.3 11.0 84.4 4.0 3012016–17 s kt 78.0 220 14.6 160 11.0 484

Continued …

Area

Yield

Production

Chickpeas

Area

Yield

Production

Faba beans

TABLE 17.2 Australian area sown, yields and production of selected pulses, by state continued

176

Pulses


New South Western


2010–11 ’000 ha 31.4 0.1 54.6 0.2 0.0 86.42011–12 ’000 ha 22.0 0.0 33.0 0.0 0.0 55.02012–13 ’000 ha 10.0 0.0 28.0 0.0 0.0 38.02013–14 ’000 ha 10.0 0.0 25.0 0.0 0.0 35.02014–15 ’000 ha 10.0 0.0 25.0 0.0 0.0 35.02015–16 ’000 ha 28.2 0.3 102 0.2 0.0 1302016–17 s ’000 ha 50.0 0.0 79 0.0 0.0 129

2010–11 t/ha 0.6 1.0 0.8 1.5 0.0 0.82011–12 t/ha 0.8 na 0.8 na na 0.82012–13 t/ha 1.0 na 0.9 na na 0.92013–14 t/ha 0.9 na 0.9 na na 0.92014–15 t/ha 0.9 na 0.9 na na 0.92015–16 t/ha 0.7 0.5 1.0 0.7 na 0.92016–17 s t/ha 0.9 na 0.7 na na 0.8

2010–11 kt 19.9 0.1 44.9 0.3 0.0 65.22011–12 kt 17.5 0.0 27.0 0.0 0.0 44.52012–13 kt 10.0 0.0 25.0 0.0 0.0 35.02013–14 kt 9.0 0.0 23.0 0.0 0.0 32.02014–15 kt 9.0 0.0 23.0 0.0 0.0 32.02015–16 kt 20.9 0.1 102 0.1 0.0 1232016–17 s kt 44.0 0.0 55.0 0.0 0.0 99

2010–11 ’000 ha 622 337 255 370 641 2,2302011–12 ’000 ha 429 262 184 351 570 1,8022012–13 ’000 ha 457 278 246 376 377 1,7402013–14 ’000 ha 367 269 241 354 290 1,5262014–15 ’000 ha 361 262 193 381 320 1,5222015–16 ’000 ha 634 299 359 394 362 2,0552016–17 s ’000 ha 667 362 635 439 403 2,511

2010–11 t/ha 1.1 1.5 0.7 1.9 0.7 1.12011–12 t/ha 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.52012–13 t/ha 1.4 1.3 1.6 1.3 1.0 1.32013–14 t/ha 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.6 1.8 1.52014–15 t/ha 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.32015–16 t/ha 1.3 0.5 1.3 1.0 1.4 1.22016–17 s t/ha 1.6 2.1 1.9 2.2 2.2 2.0

2010–11 kt 672 496 185 713 478 2,5512011–12 kt 594 402 252 516 864 2,6342012–13 kt 643 354 382 472 367 2,2242013–14 kt 442 389 319 574 517 2,2472014–15 kt 502 340 229 486 427 1,9892015–16 kt 841 157 484 386 498 2,3732016–17 s kt 1,077 763 1,220 955 880 4,901a Includes data for Tasmania, the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory. b Chickpeas, faba beans, field peas, lentils, lupins, mung beans and vetch (included in total but not separately shown). Navy beans included in Australian total only. s ABARES estimate.Note: Series break in 2015–16. Prior to 2015–16 figures are based on establishments with an estimated value of agricultural operations (EVAO) of $5,000. From 2015–16 (inclusive) figures are based on establishments with an EVAO of $40,000.Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Agricultural Commodities, Australia, cat no. 7121.0, Canberra; Pulse Australia

Area

Yield

Production

Mung beans

Area

Yield

Production

Total pulses b

TABLE 17.2 Australian area sown, yields and production of selected pulses, by state continued

177

Pulses


Unit 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Ethiopia kt 1,966 2,268 2,690 2,784 2,614 na naNiger kt 1,832 1,572 1,397 1,699 1,653 na naNigeria kt 3,424 1,700 5,206 4,695 2,200 na naTanzania kt 1,404 1,382 1,930 1,907 1,823 na naUganda kt 666 653 910 990 917 na na

Brazil kt 3,172 3,456 2,804 2,904 3,306 na naCanada kt 5,347 4,324 5,315 6,509 5,828 na naMexico kt 1,429 779 1,500 1,658 1,607 na naUnited States kt 2,595 1,487 2,364 2,241 2,403 na na

Burma kt 5,022 5,311 4,922 4,953 4,991 na naChina kt 3,891 4,610 4,528 4,486 4,514 na naIndia kt 17,236 17,647 16,704 18,311 19,980 na naPakistan kt 860 798 583 1,042 1,032 na na

France kt 1,610 1,059 876 789 842 na naRussian Federation kt 1,428 2,513 2,274 2,137 2,316 na naUkraine kt 592 491 473 372 481 na naUnited Kingdom kt 727 542 394 496 541 na na

Turkey kt 1,345 1,234 1,290 1,257 1,097 na na

Australia a kt 2,144 2,551 2,634 2,224 2,247 1,989 2,373World b kt 70,631 69,257 75,435 77,670 77,599 na naa July–June year; for example, 2010 = 2009–10. Series break in 2015–16. Prior to 2015–16 figures are based on establishments with an estimated value of agricultural operations (EVAO) of $5,000. From 2015–16 (inclusive) figures are based on establishments with an EVAO of $40,000. b Includes some unspecified countries. Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics, Agricultural Commodities, Australia, cat. no. 7121.0, Canberra; Pulse Australia; UN FAOSTAT , Rome

Africa

Americas

Asia

Europe

Middle East

Oceania

TABLE 17.3 World pulse production, by country

178

Pulses


Unit 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Imports

AfricaAlgeria kt 176 206 251 176 264 na naEgypt kt 283 608 444 408 433 na naSouth Africa kt 122 116 112 109 76.5 na naSudan kt 137 158 120 81.6 155 na na

AmericasBrazil kt 156 243 270 370 374 na naColombia kt 131 141 146 140 120 na naCuba kt 115 72.7 115 64.2 69.4 na naMexico kt 227 180 172 294 198 na naUnited States kt 260 245 322 332 361 na naVenezuela kt 147 168 114 182 120 na na

AsiaChina kt 493 747 862 1,037 1,174 na naIndia kt 3,750 2,304 3,222 3,816 3,801 na naJapan kt 136 128 149 151 133 na naPakistan kt 380 445 613 592 434 na naSri Lanka kt 173 200 226 178 221 na na

EuropeBelgium kt 149 142 141 148 175 na naFrance kt 94.3 95.3 98.2 95.2 107 na naItaly kt 312 332 287 277 296 na naNetherlands kt 85.6 98.6 90.8 126 91.7 na naSpain kt 267 308 270 374 221 na naUnited Kingdom kt 223 229 222 222 229 na na

Middle EastUnited Arab Emirates kt 367 299 352 239 391 na na

World a kt 11,812 11,198 12,145 12,637 13,358 na naContinued …

TABLE 17.4 Volume of world pulse trade, by country

179

Pulses


Unit 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Argentina kt 331 422 499 570 213 na naCanada kt 4,193 4,307 4,308 3,367 4,994 na naMexico kt 166 143 91.4 230 148 na naUnited States kt 1,152 1,231 990 1,165 1,199 na na

Burma kt 1,574 995 1,638 1,339 1,388 na naChina kt 1,097 1,002 994 986 843 na naIndia kt 100 222 181 150 410 na na

Belgium kt 34.9 33.9 33.7 32.8 53.7 na naFrance kt 475 603 595 565 419 na naUnited Kingdom kt 387 323 307 239 268 na naUkraine kt 272 106 173 178 112 na na

Turkey kt 239 254 267 249 233 na na

Australia b kt 974 1,312 1,437 1,992 2,168 1,786 1,719New Zealand kt 13.0 17.4 12.7 15.2 14.7 na na

World a kt 12,613 12,435 13,401 13,483 13,988 na naa Includes some unspecified countries. b July–June year; for example 2010 = 2009–10.Sources: Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra; UN FAOSTAT, Rome

Exports

Americas

Asia

Europe

Middle East

Oceania

TABLE 17.4 Volume of world pulse trade, by country continued

180

Rice


Production Apparent

Area Yield b Volume b Unit value c Volume d Unit value e consumption g

’000 ha t/ha kt $/t kt $/t kt1973–74 67.5 6.1 409 123 125 229 27.41974–75 75.6 5.1 387 92.8 160 268 32.21975–76 74.8 5.6 417 98.8 215 239 33.51976–77 92.0 5.8 530 112 254 224 33.31977–78 91.4 5.4 490 125 273 242 34.81978–79 110 6.3 692 141 239 276 35.51979–80 116 5.3 613 153 450 289 37.11980–81 104 7.3 760 182 276 362 43.01981–82 123 7.0 857 121 558 349 43.91982–83 84.8 6.1 520 170 384 313 46.31983–84 119 5.3 634 140 241 382 50.51984–85 122 7.1 864 142 327 358 57.11985–86 105 6.5 687 117 465 398 58.61986–87 94.9 5.8 549 155 394 353 60.01987–88 106 7.0 740 159 315 391 80.21988–89 97.0 7.7 748 196 311 440 1681989–90 105 8.1 846 167 321 452 1741990–91 89.0 8.3 740 187 422 402 1801991–92 114 8.4 957 192 516 448 1851992–93 106 8.1 858 191 502 480 1911993–94 125 8.3 1,042 251 548 513 1971994–95 119 8.5 1,016 213 594 600 2031995–96 137 7.1 966 234 614 567 2091996–97 152 8.3 1,255 247 540 565 2161997–98 147 9.0 1,324 257 703 587 2221998–99 148 9.2 1,362 265 607 665 2291999–2000 131 8.3 1,084 267 710 607 2372000–01 177 9.3 1,643 213 661 637 2442001–02 144 8.3 1,192 274 704 564 2522002–03 47.0 9.3 438 348 287 508 2412003–04 66.0 8.4 553 325 151 651 2502004–05 51.0 6.6 339 297 69.5 767 2552005–06 102 9.8 1,003 273 103 787 2702006–07 20.0 8.2 163 337 414 692 2672007–08 2.1 8.5 17.6 415 191 779 2702008–09 7.2 8.5 60.9 566 44.9 1,535 2762009–10 18.9 10.4 197 457 20.8 1,798 2822010–11 75.8 9.5 723 240 91.4 1,115 2942011–12 103 8.9 919 270 501 813 3032012–13 113 10.3 1,161 260 577 780 3102013–14 74.9 10.9 819 340 561 868 3092014–15 69.7 9.9 690 395 481 1,038 3122015–16 26.6 10.3 274 419 366 1,276 3112016–17 s 81.4 9.9 809 350 177 1,252 324a Crop year basis. For example, the 1985–86 data are for the Queensland summer crop harvested from December 1985, the New South Wales crop harvested from April 1986, and the Queensland winter crop harvested from June 1986. b Paddy. c Gross unit value of production. d Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data; April–March marketing year basis; generally exports of the crop harvested in the previous year – that is, 1998–99 exports are sourced from the 1997–98 crop harvest. Milled. Includes ABARES estimates from 2000 as confidentiality restrictions apply. e Gross unit value of exports. Between 1952–53 and 1987–88, calculated from financial year total export values. From 1988–89, calculated from marketing year (April–March) total export values. g Table rice until 1999–2000 and excludes rice used for feed, breakfast cereals and rice used for other purposes; includes imports. Financial year basis. From 1999–2000, ABARES estimate of apparent consumption. s ABARES estimate.Note: Details for establishments with estimated value of agricultural operations (EVAO) of $1,500 or more until 1980–81; $2,500 or more from 1981–82 to 1985–86; EVAO of $20,000 or more from 1986–87 to 1990–91; EVAO of $22,500 or more from 1991–92 to 1992–93; EVAO of $5,000 or more from 1993–94 to 2014–15; and EVAO of $40,000 from 2015–16.Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Agricultural Commodities, Australia, cat. no. 7121.0, Canberra; ABS, Apparent Consumption of Foodstuffs, Australia, cat. no. 4306.0, Canberra; ABS, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra; ABS, Value of Australian Commodities Produced, cat. no. 7503.0, Canberra; Ricegrowers Limited, Annual Report, Leeton; Rice Marketing Board for the State of New South Wales, Annual Report, Leeton

Exports

TABLE 18.1 Summary of Australian statistics for rice a

181

Rice


Unit 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17 s

Quantity kt 91.4 501 577 561 481 366 177Total export value $m 102 408 450 487 499 467 222

Quantity kt 201 163 141 153 163 164 174Total import value $m 194 162 146 178 197 210 192

Thai white rice c US$/t 518 590 565 429 420 386 394Thai white rice d A$/t 524 572 550 466 502 530 522California medium grain e US$/t 796 764 712 816 861 755 599

Average return $/t 240 270 260 340 395 419 350a Milled; marketing year (April–March) basis. b fob; Includes ABARES estimates from 2000 as confidentiality restrictions apply. c Thai white rice, 100 per cent, grade B, fob Bangkok (August–July basis), nominal quote, US Department of Agriculture. d Derived. e US no. 1 medium grain milled, bulk, fob truck California mill. Prior to August 2010 reported as sacked. g Gross unit value. s ABARES estimate.Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra; ABS, Value of Australian Commodities Produced, Australia, cat. no. 7503.0, Canberra; US Department of Agriculture, Rice Outlook, Washington DC

Exports ab

Imports a

Indicator price

Average returns to growers g

TABLE 18.2 Australian rice trade and payments to growers

182

Rice


Stocks

Area Closing to use Export

harvested Production Total use stocks b ratio Trade c price d

million ha Mt Mt Mt % Mt US$/t1973–74 136 228 223 29.3 13.2 7.5 na1974–75 138 226 227 28.8 12.7 7.2 na1975–76 143 243 232 39.4 17.0 8.1 na1976–77 141 235 235 38.8 16.5 10.3 na1977–78 143 250 244 44.8 18.4 9.5 na1978–79 143 262 252 54.8 21.8 11.8 na1979–80 141 256 256 54.0 21.1 12.0 na1980–81 144 270 270 52.6 19.5 11.9 na1981–82 144 278 278 50.5 18.1 11.3 na1982–83 141 285 278 56.8 20.4 11.2 na1983–84 145 307 293 69.3 23.7 11.9 na1984–85 144 317 298 87.7 29.4 11.0 2111985–86 145 318 307 97.7 31.8 11.8 1911986–87 145 316 308 103 33.5 12.9 1901987–88 141 315 312 105 33.7 11.4 2731988–89 147 332 323 112 34.5 14.0 2921989–90 148 345 335 121 36.0 11.7 2921990–91 147 351 344 127 36.8 12.3 2961991–92 147 353 351 127 36.1 14.4 2871992–93 146 354 356 123 34.6 14.9 2441993–94 145 355 359 119 33.1 16.6 2941994–95 147 364 364 118 32.3 20.8 2901995–96 148 369 367 118 32.2 19.7 3621996–97 150 381 377 120 31.9 18.9 3381997–98 152 387 378 128 33.8 27.6 3021998–99 153 395 388 134 34.5 24.8 2841999–2000 156 409 398 143 36.0 22.8 2312000–01 152 399 394 147 37.3 24.4 1842001–02 151 400 412 133 32.2 27.8 1922002–03 147 378 406 103 25.4 27.5 1992003–04 149 393 416 83.7 20.1 27.0 2202004–05 152 402 411 74.8 18.2 29.7 2782005–06 154 418 416 77.1 18.5 28.9 3012006–07 154 420 422 75.6 17.9 31.7 3202007–08 155 433 429 79.5 18.5 29.3 5512008–09 158 450 439 91.2 20.8 29.3 6092009–10 156 440 436 95.3 21.9 31.5 5572010–11 158 450 445 100 22.5 39.0 5182011–12 160 468 458 110 24.0 37.8 5902012–13 159 474 467 117 25.0 42.5 5652013–14 161 479 479 116 24.3 41.3 4292014–15 161 480 475 121 25.4 39.3 4202015–16 159 473 473 121 25.5 43.7 3862016–17 160 486 483 123 25.4 42.9 394a Based on US Department of Agriculture data until 2002–03 and International Grains Council data from 2003–04; milled. b Closing stocks data are based on an aggregate of different local marketing years and should not be taken as representing world stock levels at a particular point in time. c Calendar year basis, 1972–73 = 1972; excludes intra-EU trade from 2003–04. d Thai white rice, 100 per cent, grade B, fob Bangkok (August–July basis), nominal quote, US Department of Agriculture. Sources: ABARES; International Grains Council, London; US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Production, Supply and Distribution Database, Washington DC; USDA, Rice Outlook, Washington DC

TABLE 18.3 Summary of world statistics for rice a

183

Rice


Unit 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17 s

Australia Mt 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.6Bangladesh Mt 31.7 33.7 33.8 34.4 34.5 34.5 35Brazil Mt 9.3 7.9 8.0 8.2 8.5 7.2 8.4Burma Mt 11.1 11.5 11.7 11.9 12.6 12.2 12China Mt 137 141 143 143 145 146 145European Union b Mt 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.8 1.8India Mt 96.0 105 105 107 106 104 110Indonesia Mt 35.5 36.4 36.7 36.3 35.6 36.2 37Japan Mt 7.8 7.8 7.9 7.9 7.8 7.6 7.7Korea, Rep. of Mt 4.3 4.2 4.0 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.2Pakistan Mt 4.8 6.6 6.0 6.8 6.9 6.7 6.8Philippines Mt 10.9 11.0 11.8 12.2 12.3 11.3 12Thailand Mt 20.3 20.5 20.3 20.3 19.1 15.8 19United States Mt 7.6 5.9 6.3 6.1 7.1 6.1 7.1Vietnam Mt 26.0 27.5 28.4 28.6 29.2 29.3 28World Mt 450 468 474 479 480 473 486a Milled. b Regarded as 28 countries. s ABARES estimate.Sources: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Agricultural Commodities, Australia, cat. no. 7121.0, Canberra; International Grains Council, London; US Department of Agriculture, Production, Supply and Distribution Database, Washington DC

TABLE 18.4 World rice production, by country or region a

184

Rice


2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016


Bangladesh 0.4 1.3 0.0 0.3 1.1 0.5 0.0Brazil 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.7China 0.4 0.6 2.9 3.5 3.7 4.4 4.5European Union bc 1.1 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.9 1.9Indonesia 0.9 2.8 1.8 0.4 0.9 1.2 1.0Iran 1.2 1.4 1.6 2.2 1.6 1.3 1.1Iraq 1.2 1.0 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.9Japan 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7Malaysia 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.8 1.2 1.2 1.0Nigeria 2.1 2.5 3.3 2.6 3.3 2.1 2.4Philippines 2.3 1.2 1.3 0.6 1.7 2.0 0.8Russian Federation 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2Saudi Arabia 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.3World c 31.5 39.0 37.8 42.5 41.3 39.3 43.7

Australia 0.1 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.2Burma 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5China 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 1.1European Union bc 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3India 2.1 4.8 10.4 10.5 11.2 10.9 9.9Pakistan 4.2 3.5 3.6 3.8 3.9 4.3 3.7Thailand 8.9 6.7 6.6 10.9 9.8 9.9 10.9United States 3.9 3.3 3.3 2.9 3.4 3.4 3.5Vietnam 6.7 8.0 6.6 6.4 6.6 4.8 5.9World c 31.5 39.0 37.8 42.5 41.3 39.3 43.7a Milled. b Regarded as 28 countries. c Excludes intra-EU trade. Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra; International Grains Council, London; US Department of Agriculture, Production, Supply and Distribution Database, Washington DC

Imports

Exports

TABLE 18.5 Volume of world rice trade, by country or region a

185

Rice


Unit 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17

Area harvested million ha 1.5 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.3Yield t/ha 5.2 5.5 5.9 6.1 6.0 5.9 5.7Opening stocks Mt 1.2 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.6 1.5Production Mt 7.6 5.9 6.3 6.1 7.1 6.1 7.1Total supply b Mt 9.4 8.0 8.3 8.0 8.9 7.7 8.6Exports c Mt 5.1 4.6 4.8 4.2 4.4 4.9 5.3

Long grain Mt 3.5 3.0 3.4 2.8 3.1 3.4 3.6Medium–short grain Mt 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.7

Domestic and residual use Mt 4.3 3.5 3.8 4.0 4.3 3.6 4.2Closing stocks Mt 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.6 1.5 1.5Total use c Mt 11.3 9.6 10.2 9.9 10.4 9.9 11.3Target price d US$/t 231 231 231 231 na na naStatutory loan rate US$/t 143 143 143 143 143 143 143Farm price US$/t 280 320 333 359 295 269 229a August–July marketing year; milled basis unless otherwise specified. b Includes imports. c Rough basis. d Eliminated in the 2014 Farm Act. Sources: US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Production, Supply and Distribution Database, Washington DC; USDA, Rice Outlook, Washington DC

TABLE 18.6 US rice supply and disposal a

186

Rice


Thailand white rice 100 per

cent grade B fob Bangkok

US no. 2 long grain milled

fob Gulf

US no. 1 medium grain milled

fob California b

US$/t US$/t US$/t1991–92 287 368 3961992–93 244 312 3951993–94 294 442 4861994–95 290 318 3921995–96 362 420 4651996–97 338 458 4321997–98 302 420 4131998–99 284 374 4841999–2000 231 283 4752000–01 184 280 3382001–02 192 220 2942002–03 199 222 3272003–04 220 360 5332004–05 278 312 4042005–06 301 334 4842006–07 320 407 5382007–08 551 621 6942008–09 609 610 1,1192009–10 557 506 7912010–11 518 524 7962011–12 590 560 7642012–13 565 615 7122013–14 429 588 8162014–15 420 503 8612015–16 386 522 7552016–17 394 473 599

January 371 498 780February 381 509 774March 379 508 749April 385 509 705May 410 510 682June 418 510 617July 431 498 606August 409 479 606September 388 474 608October 373 470 583November 367 463 587December 380 455 589

January 382 453 580February 376 460 575March 377 460 579April 384 465 583May 414 485 595June 455 500 617a Key prices from major markets (August–July years) that are used as world indicators. b Prior to August 2010 reported as sacked. Reported as bulk from August 2010.Sources: International Grains Council, London; US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Rice Outlook, Washington DC; USDA, Rice Yearbook, Washington DC

2016

2017

TABLE 18.7 Rice export price quotations, by country and category a

187

Rice



harvested Yield Production use Exports b stocks c


2011–12 30.1 4.7 141 140 0.3 45.62012–13 30.1 4.7 143 142 0.4 49.62013–14 30.3 4.7 143 144 0.4 51.72014–15 30.3 4.8 145 143 0.3 57.52015–16 30.2 4.8 146 143 0.4 64.12016–17 30.2 4.8 144.8 143.5 1.1 69.1

2011–12 7.7 3.6 27.5 19.6 8.0 2.62012–13 7.9 3.6 28.4 22.0 6.6 2.52013–14 7.8 3.7 28.6 22.4 6.4 2.72014–15 7.8 3.7 29.2 22.7 6.6 3.02015–16 7.9 3.7 29.3 24.1 4.8 3.52016–17 7.8 3.6 28.3 23.7 5.9 2.5

2011–12 2.7 2.4 6.6 2.6 3.5 0.82012–13 2.4 2.5 6.0 2.7 3.6 0.52013–14 2.8 2.4 6.8 2.9 3.8 0.72014–15 2.9 2.4 6.9 2.6 3.9 1.12015–16 2.7 2.4 6.7 2.7 4.3 0.92016–17 2.7 2.5 6.8 2.9 3.7 1.0

2011–12 11.0 1.9 20.5 10.5 6.7 9.52012–13 10.9 1.9 20.3 10.7 6.6 13.22013–14 10.8 1.9 20.3 10.7 10.9 12.22014–15 10.3 1.9 19.1 10.3 9.8 11.52015–16 9.5 1.7 15.8 9.6 9.9 8.12016–17 10.2 1.9 19.1 11.4 10.9 5.2

2011–12 1.1 5.5 5.9 3.5 3.3 1.32012–13 1.1 5.9 6.3 3.8 3.3 1.22013–14 1.0 6.1 6.1 4.0 2.9 1.02014–15 1.2 6.0 7.1 4.3 3.4 1.62015–16 1.0 5.9 6.1 3.6 3.4 1.52016–17 1.3 5.7 7.1 4.2 3.5 1.5

2011–12 160 2.9 468 458 39.0 1102012–13 159 3.0 474 467 37.8 1172013–14 161 3.0 479 479 42.5 1162014–15 161 3.0 480 475 41.3 1212015–16 159 3.0 473 473 39.3 1212016–17 160 3.0 486 483 43.7 123a Simple aggregation of different crop years. The marketing period in each country is: US, August–July; Thailand, January–October; China, July–June; Pakistan, November–October; Vietnam, January–December; milled basis. b Calendar year basis: 2007–08 = 2007; excludes intra-EU trade. c Closing stocks are based on an aggregate of different local marketing years and should not be taken as representing world stock levels at a particular point in time.Sources: International Grains Council, London; US Department of Agriculture, Production, Supply and Distribution Database, Washington DC

China

Vietnam

Pakistan

Thailand

United States

World

TABLE 18.8 Rice supply and disposal in major exporting countries a

188

Sugar


Gross value of

Area Cane Cane Cane to Return to sugar cane cut

harvested crushed yield a sugar ratio cane growers for crushing

’000 ha kt t/ha A$/t $m1973–74 226 19,278 85.3 7.9 11.4 2191974–75 253 20,418 80.7 7.4 24.0 4911975–76 257 21,959 85.5 7.9 19.8 4361976–77 288 23,344 81.0 7.3 20.2 4721977–78 295 23,493 79.6 7.3 17.9 4211978–79 252 21,457 85.2 7.6 18.5 3971979–80 267 21,151 79.2 7.4 25.9 5481980–81 288 23,976 83.3 7.4 33.4 8001981–82 316 25,094 79.4 7.5 23.5 5901982–83 318 24,817 78.0 7.2 20.5 5091983–84 307 24,190 78.7 7.9 21.4 5171984–85 313 25,512 81.5 7.4 20.1 5121985–86 304 24,414 80.3 7.5 20.2 4941986–87 310 25,413 82.0 7.8 23.1 5861987–88 317 25,669 81.0 7.7 24.1 6181988–89 313 28,073 89.7 7.9 26.8 7521989–90 332 27,622 83.2 7.5 31.6 8741990–91 339 25,200 74.4 7.4 29.7 7481991–92 341 21,367 62.6 7.1 28.3 6051992–93 339 29,461 86.9 7.1 27.2 8011993–94 340 32,008 94.2 7.6 29.5 9451994–95 365 34,943 95.7 7.1 34.6 1,2081995–96 377 35,889 95.2 7.4 32.6 1,1691996–97 390 38,633 99.1 7.3 30.7 1,1861997–98 415 39,531 95.3 7.1 31.6 1,2481998–99 402 38,534 95.9 7.7 27.1 1,0441999–2000 428 38,165 89.2 7.0 23.1 8822000–01 403 28,117 69.8 6.8 23.4 6572001–02 426 31,424 73.8 6.3 31.5 9892002–03 448 36,995 82.6 6.9 27.5 1,0192003–04 448 36,993 82.6 7.3 23.1 8542004–05 434 37,822 87.1 7.2 25.9 9802005–06 398 37,128 93.3 7.3 27.8 1,0322006–07 409 36,397 89.0 7.2 33.6 1,2212007–08 381 32,621 85.6 6.8 26.4 8612008–09 387 31,457 81.3 6.8 32.5 1,0212009–10 369 31,235 84.6 7.0 44.2 1,3822010–11 314 27,443 87.4 7.6 34.6 9502011–12 368 27,943 75.9 7.6 40.4 1,1282012–13 349 30,001 86.1 7.1 37.3 1,1182013–14 356 30,521 85.7 7.0 40.2 1,2262014–15 378 32,360 85.7 7.1 40.3 1,3042015–16 381 34,828 91.4 7.1 37.3 1,2992016–17 372 36,507 98.3 7.6 48.2 1,760a Tonnes per hectare harvested. Note: Details for establishments with estimated value of agricultural operations (EVAO) of $1,500 or more until 1980–81; $2,500 or more from 1981–82 to 1985–86; EVAO of $20,000 or more from 1986–87 to 1990–91; EVAO of $22,500 or more from 1991–92 to 1992–93; EVAO of $5,000 or more from 1993–94 to 2014–15; and EVAO of $40,000 from 2015–16.Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics, Value of Agricultural Commodities Produced, Australia, cat. no. 7503.0, Canberra; Australian Sugar Milling Council, Annual Review, Brisbane; Rural Press Ltd, Australian Sugar Year Book, Brisbane

TABLE 19.1 Summary of Australian statistics for sugar cane

189

Sugar


Area harvested Sugar Sugar Commercial QSL Seasonal Exports

for crushing production a yield cane sugar pool price

’000 ha kt t/ha % $/t kt1973–74 226 2,449 10.8 14.8 130 1,7811974–75 253 2,761 10.9 14.6 253 1,9961975–76 257 2,769 10.8 14.8 232 2,0001976–77 288 3,194 11.1 14.6 214 2,5561977–78 295 3,240 11.0 14.6 196 2,4781978–79 252 2,812 11.2 14.7 213 1,8401979–80 267 2,871 10.7 14.6 282 2,2011980–81 288 3,227 11.2 13.7 376 2,5581981–82 316 3,329 10.5 13.8 275 2,4981982–83 318 3,428 10.8 13.7 223 2,5481983–84 307 3,073 10.0 13.9 259 2,3571984–85 313 3,439 11.0 13.7 226 2,5241985–86 304 3,275 10.8 13.7 223 2,7991986–87 310 3,268 10.5 13.8 275 2,4711987–88 317 3,334 10.5 13.8 287 2,7761988–89 313 3,566 11.4 13.9 333 2,8241989–90 332 3,681 11.1 13.8 370 2,7991990–91 339 3,407 10.1 13.7 341 2,6491991–92 341 3,016 8.8 13.6 303 2,2761992–93 339 4,133 12.2 13.6 301 3,1271993–94 340 4,234 12.5 13.8 345 3,4561994–95 365 4,931 13.5 13.6 382 4,1121995–96 377 4,837 12.8 13.7 371 3,9811996–97 390 5,301 13.6 13.7 335 4,3091997–98 415 5,567 13.4 13.6 335 4,6381998–99 402 4,998 12.4 13.8 352 4,0981999–2000 428 5,448 12.7 13.6 255 4,1312000–01 403 4,162 10.3 13.5 253 3,0872001–02 426 4,987 11.7 13.3 332 3,6442002–03 448 5,398 12.1 13.5 277 4,1672003–04 448 5,045 11.3 13.7 232 4,0612004–05 434 5,234 12.1 13.7 256 4,2712005–06 398 5,063 12.7 13.2 322 4,0672006–07 409 5,026 12.3 13.7 368 3,7192007–08 381 4,763 12.5 13.7 276 3,4932008–09 387 4,634 12.0 13.6 334 3,2682009–10 369 4,472 12.1 13.5 509 3,5062010–11 314 3,610 11.5 13.9 444 2,7362011–12 368 3,683 10.0 13.8 518 2,5722012–13 349 4,248 12.2 13.6 430 3,0162013–14 356 4,364 12.3 13.6 391 3,0522014–15 378 4,572 12.1 13.6 403 3,6752015–16 381 4,920 12.9 13.6 383 4,1402016–17 372 4,804 12.9 13.8 514 4,009a Production and exports are raw value equivalent.Note: Details for establishments with estimated value of agricultural operations (EVAO) of $1,500 or more until 1980–81; $2,500 or more from 1981–82 to 1985–86; EVAO of $20,000 or more from 1986–87 to 1990–91; EVAO of $22,500 or more from 1991–92 to 1992–93; EVAO of $5,000 or more from 1993–94 to 2014–15; and EVAO of $40,000 from 2015–16.Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Agriculture, Australia, cat. no. 7113.0, Canberra; ABS, Agricultural Commodities, Australia, cat. no. 7121.0, Canberra; ABS, Crops and Pastures, Australia, cat. no. 7321.0, Canberra; ABS, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra; Australian Sugar Milling Council, Annual Review, Brisbane; Queensland Sugar Limited, Annual Report, Brisbane; Rural Press Ltd, Australian Sugar Year Book, Brisbane

TABLE 19.2 Australian sugar production

190

Sugar


Unit 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17 s

China kt 47.5 27.0 0.0 95.0 312 290 240Indonesia kt 577 502 655 1,063 1,180 1,091 998Japan kt 343 344 431 552 382 568 640Korea, Rep. of kt 790 878 983 671 1,147 1,428 1,531Malaysia kt 341 190 331 226 268 355 117New Zealand kt 158 171 227 78.0 82.4 29.8 42.6Taiwan kt 108 68.0 68.0 120.0 78.0 38.0 98.0United States kt 106 157 88.5 63.0 87.7 112 135Other countries kt 20.3 14.0 13.9 22.8 2.3 89.7 76.7World kt 2,491 2,352 2,798 2,891 3,539 4,002 3,877Refined sugar kt 258 224 218 161 136 137 132Total kt 2,736 2,572 3,016 3,052 3,675 4,140 4,009

value $m 1,447 1,560 1,438 1,385 1,643 1,823 2,232s ABARES estimate.Note: Raw sugar is by destination.Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra; Queensland Sugar Limited, Annual Report, Brisbane

Raw sugar

TABLE 19.3 Volume of Australian exports of sugar, by destination

191

Sugar


World price d

Opening Total Closing US Australian

Stocks Production Trade b supply Consumption stocks Ratio c terms terms e

Mt Mt Mt Mt Mt Mt % USc/lb A$/t1973–74 16.4 78.5 24.6 120 78.3 (16.2) 20.7 18.5 2771974–75 16.2 78.0 22.7 117 75.9 (17.7) 23.3 30.3 5061975–76 17.7 81.1 22.9 122 78.5 (20.6) 26.2 13.6 2401976–77 20.6 86.7 26.0 133 81.3 (25.1) 30.9 8.3 1651977–78 25.1 91.2 28.2 145 85.2 (30.5) 35.8 7.5 1451978–79 30.5 91.0 27.1 149 89.3 (31.7) 35.5 8.2 1601979–80 31.7 85.1 27.3 144 90.1 (25.9) 28.7 21.0 4121980–81 25.9 88.7 28.6 143 89.8 (25.6) 28.5 22.7 4331981–82 25.6 101 31.6 158 92.2 (33.3) 36.1 9.9 2071982–83 33.3 101 29.6 164 94.4 (38.7) 41.0 7.9 1911983–84 38.7 98.0 29.6 166 96.3 (39.5) 41.0 6.3 1551984–85 39.5 100 29.2 169 98.0 (42.0) 42.9 3.8 1131985–86 42.0 98.6 28.8 169 100 (39.0) 39.0 5.9 1931986–87 39.0 104 28.7 172 106 (35.8) 33.8 6.3 2021987–88 35.8 105 27.9 168 107 (33.4) 31.1 9.4 2741988–89 33.4 105 35.2 173 107 (31.1) 29.0 11.9 3261989–90 31.1 109 34.7 175 110 (30.6) 28.0 13.7 4001990–91 30.6 116 34.4 181 110 (35.0) 31.8 9.1 2571991–92 35.0 117 32.2 184 111 (40.0) 36.0 9.1 2651992–93 40.0 113 32.6 185 112 (39.8) 35.6 9.7 3141993–94 39.8 111 34.1 185 112 (37.6) 33.5 11.4 3531994–95 37.6 116 35.5 189 115 (38.2) 33.3 12.8 3811995–96 38.2 126 36.1 200 119 (40.4) 33.9 11.5 2071996–97 40.4 124 35.6 200 122 (41.9) 34.3 11.0 3151997–98 41.9 128 36.9 207 124 (47.2) 37.9 9.9 3391998–99 47.2 135 39.3 222 125 (57.0) 45.5 6.5 2251999–2000 57.0 132 37.1 226 127 (61.1) 47.9 7.3 2662000–01 61.1 131 44.2 236 131 (60.7) 46.4 9.0 3852001–02 60.7 137 48.1 246 136 (62.1) 45.7 6.4 2622002–03 62.1 148 43.7 254 142 (69.7) 48.3 7.3 2612003–04 69.7 142 45.0 257 144 (69.1) 46.7 6.5 1982004–05 69.1 140 48.1 258 148 (62.0) 40.1 9.1 2612005–06 62.0 150 48.1 261 153 (59.5) 36.1 14.8 4382006–07 59.5 166 49.6 275 157 (71.4) 41.4 10.3 2792007–08 71.4 167 48.2 287 159 (75.7) 44.7 11.7 2852008–09 75.7 141 48.5 265 163 (62.3) 38.1 14.9 4452009–10 62.3 158 55.5 276 163 (57.0) 34.5 21.0 4152010–11 57.0 166 53.9 277 164 (58.5) 35.9 28.4 6082011–12 58.5 175 54.3 288 169 (64.6) 38.9 22.9 4892012–13 64.6 183 60.6 308 176 (71.4) 41.2 18.0 4002013–14 71.4 182 58.0 311 176 (77.6) 41.8 16.8 4042014–15 77.6 182 55.6 315 179 (80.5) 41.1 13.4 3792015–16 80.5 174 58.5 313 180 (74.8) 40.1 16.7 4982016–17 74.8 178 68.8 322 181 (71.2) 39.1 17.3 500a Raw sugar equivalent up to 2004–05, tel quel (refined sugar equivalent) from 2005–06 to date; October–September year. b Trade is defined as world gross exports including those exports made under special arrangements, such as between Comecon countries and through the Lomé Convention. Individual countries of the former Soviet Union are treated as separate trading entities from 1983–84. c Figures in parentheses show closing stocks as a percentage of consumption. d Average of monthly averages of International Sugar Agreement (ISA) price; fob and stowed Caribbean ports basis, in bulk. From 1988–89 Nearby futures price, Intercontinental Exchange, New York No. 11 contract. e Australian currency equivalents of ISA price. Sources: ABARES; International Sugar Organization, Statistical Bulletin, London; F.O. Licht, International Sugar and Sweetener Report, World Sugar Balances, Ratzeburg, Germany; F.O. Licht, International Sugar and Sweetener Report, Ratzeburg, Germany

TABLE 19.4 World sugar supplies, consumption, trade and prices a

192

Sugar


Unit 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17

Europe Mt 23.7 29.0 26.8 26.9 32.6 26.2 30.4Eastern Europe Mt 6.8 9.5 8.7 7.3 10.9 10.8 13.0

Russian Federation Mt 3.5 5.5 4.9 4.6 4.9 5.8 6.7Ukraine Mt 1.8 2.4 2.4 1.4 1.9 1.7 2.2Other Mt 1.5 1.6 1.3 1.4 4.1 3.4 4.2

Western Europe Mt 19.4 21.9 20.6 19.7 21.7 15.4 17.4European Union b Mt 16.8 19.2 17.9 16.9 19.2 15.1 17.1Turkey Mt 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.2 2.3 2.8Other Mt 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2

Africa Mt 9.8 10.5 11.1 11.7 14.9 10.9 11.9Mauritius Mt 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4South Africa Mt 1.7 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.5 1.7 1.9Other Mt 7.6 7.9 8.3 8.7 11.9 8.8 9.5

Americas Mt 64.6 62.8 72.1 70.6 69.9 70.6 70.0Brazil Mt 38.1 34.6 40.8 39.6 37.7 38.1 39.6Colombia Mt 2.3 2.3 2.0 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.3Cuba Mt 1.2 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.9 1.6 1.9Guatemala Mt 2.2 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.0 2.9Mexico Mt 5.3 5.3 7.5 6.5 6.0 6.6 6.6United States Mt 7.1 7.7 8.1 7.9 7.9 8.2 8.0Other Mt 8.3 8.8 9.4 9.8 11.2 8.5 8.3

Asia Mt 60.2 64.8 66.1 67.3 67.5 61.8 60.1China Mt 11.4 12.5 14.2 14.6 11.5 9.5 10.1India Mt 26.4 28.6 27.5 26.0 30.6 27.3 22.1Indonesia Mt 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.5 2.6Pakistan Mt 4.5 5.2 5.4 6.0 5.6 5.6 7.7Philippines Mt 2.5 2.4 2.7 2.6 2.3 2.2 2.4Thailand Mt 10.1 10.7 10.4 12.2 11.6 10.0 10.3Other Mt 2.6 2.8 3.2 3.2 3.2 4.8 4.9

Oceania Mt 3.7 3.8 5.3 4.6 4.8 5.4 5.5Australia c Mt 3.5 3.6 5.0 4.4 4.6 4.9 4.8Fiji Mt 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2Other Mt 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.5

World Mt 166 175 183 182 182 174 178a Refined sugar equivalent, October–September year. b Regarded as 28 countries. c Series break in 2015–16. Prior to 2015–16 figures are based on establishments with an estimated value of agricultural operations (EVAO) of $5,000. From 2015–16 (inclusive) figures are based on establishments with an EVAO of $40,000.Sources: ABARES; International Sugar Organization, Statistical Bulletin, London; F.O. Licht, International Sugar and Sweetener Report , World Sugar Balances, Ratzeburg, Germany; F.O. Licht, International Sugar and Sweetener Report, Ratzeburg, Germany, International Sugar Organization,London; US Department of Agriculture, Washington DC.

TABLE 19.5 World sugar production, by region and country a

193

Sugar


Unit 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17

Australia Mt 2.7 2.6 3.0 3.1 3.7 4.1 4.2Brazil Mt 26.6 21.9 29.2 24.3 23.3 29.3 29.1China Mt 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1Colombia Mt 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.6Cuba Mt 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8 1.0Dominican Republic Mt 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2European Union b Mt 1.0 2.2 1.7 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.5Fiji Mt 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1Guatemala Mt 1.4 1.7 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.0Guyana Mt 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2India Mt 3.0 3.7 1.1 2.8 2.6 4.1 3.7Korea, Rep. of Mt 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3Mauritius Mt 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5Mexico Mt 1.5 0.9 2.1 2.7 1.5 1.3 1.2South Africa Mt 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.3 0.2Swaziland Mt 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6Thailand Mt 6.1 7.6 6.7 7.2 8.3 7.8 6.9Ukraine Mt 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.8United States Mt 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1Other countries Mt 7.4 9.4 10.6 9.6 7.5 4.0 15.5World c Mt 53.9 54.3 60.6 58.0 55.6 58.5 68.8

Algeria Mt 1.3 1.6 2.0 1.9 2.0 1.9 2.0Bangladesh Mt 1.7 1.6 1.6 2.0 2.3 2.2 2.1Canada Mt 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1China Mt 2.1 4.6 4.6 4.3 5.2 6.2 4.5Egypt Mt 1.1 1.9 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.2European Union b Mt 4.2 3.9 4.3 3.7 3.2 3.2 3.1Indonesia Mt 3.1 3.0 3.8 3.6 3.0 4.7 4.6Iran Mt 1.3 1.1 1.6 1.6 0.3 0.8 0.8Iraq Mt 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8Israel Mt 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6Japan Mt 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3Korea, Rep. of Mt 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8Malaysia Mt 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.0Morocco Mt 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0Nigeria Mt 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.0Pakistan Mt 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Russian Federation Mt 2.8 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.1 0.7 0.3Saudi Arabia Mt 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6Sudan Mt 0.6 0.7 1.8 0.8 1.5 1.1 1.3Syria Mt 1.2 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3Ukraine Mt 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0United Arab Emirates Mt 1.9 1.9 2.1 2.7 1.7 1.8 1.9United States Mt 4.1 3.4 2.9 3.4 3.2 3.0 2.9Other countries Mt 16.5 17.7 21.7 19.7 18.7 19.1 32.6World c Mt 53.9 54.3 60.6 58.0 55.6 58.5 68.8a Includes both raw and white sugar measured in tel quel (refined sugar equivalent), October–September year. b 28 countries; includes intra-EU trade. c Totals for exports and imports may not be equal as a result of losses in transit, sugar being at sea at the end of each year, and discrepancies in the official statistics of individual countries.Sources: ABARES; International Sugar Organization, Statistical Bulletin, London; F.O. Licht, International Sugar and Sweetener Report, World Sugar Balances, Ratzeburg, Germany; F.O. Licht, International Sugar and Sweetener Report, Ratzeburg, Germany; US Department of Agriculture, Washington DC

Exports

Imports

TABLE 19.6 Volume of world sugar trade, by country a

194

Water


Unit

District

no.1900

–2016

1930

–1939

1940

–1949

1950

–1959

1960

–1969

1970

–1979

1980

–1989

1990

–1999

2000

–2009

2010

–2016

North West Plains (W) mm 52 42.8 39.3 38.9 50.6 42.0 47.7 43.2 48.2 42.9 43.8North West Plains (E) mm 53 50.5 47.7 45.2 57.4 48.9 55.8 52.2 55.3 49.1 52.7North West Slopes (N) mm 54 58.9 56.4 54.2 64.3 56.2 65.7 61.5 61.7 56.0 61.6North West Slopes (S) mm 55 56.8 53.2 52.7 61.8 58.0 62.3 57.1 61.2 55.5 59.5Northern Tablelands (N) mm 56 69.0 66.9 66.6 74.2 68.3 75.5 70.7 71.2 65.8 71.2Central West Plains (S) mm 50 38.6 37.7 33.6 45.2 38.8 42.6 36.9 42.8 33.8 45.5Central West Plains (N) mm 51 38.3 36.4 33.9 44.8 35.4 43.7 39.5 42.4 37.9 44.8Central West Slopes (N) mm 64 51.9 47.9 46.3 61.3 50.1 57.8 53.3 59.0 50.2 58.3Central West Slopes (S) mm 65 49.6 48.7 44.0 58.6 51.6 54.5 47.2 53.9 43.6 57.4Central Tablelands (N) mm 62 56.2 52.7 51.2 66.0 56.5 60.2 55.8 59.9 54.7 62.2Central Tablelands (S) mm 63 65.9 63.3 59.9 79.0 71.0 72.3 66.7 68.9 57.7 71.2Riverina (W) mm 75 30.6 31.2 24.8 34.2 30.3 36.0 32.0 32.6 26.1 36.4Riverina (E) mm 74 38.7 41.3 32.1 43.9 38.3 43.2 39.2 40.7 32.6 45.4South West Slopes (N) mm 73 53.6 55.4 47.2 61.7 55.9 56.0 54.2 57.6 44.1 61.6South West Slopes (S) mm 72 84.6 87.4 78.0 95.7 82.9 90.7 83.5 88.3 71.8 95.7

North Mallee mm 76 24.9 25.0 21.0 26.8 25.6 29.0 24.0 25.0 21.9 26.7South Mallee mm 77 28.7 28.5 25.2 31.5 29.3 32.7 28.3 29.0 25.3 29.4North Wimmera mm 78 33.4 33.4 31.8 36.0 33.1 38.0 33.8 33.5 28.7 33.3South Wimmera mm 79 45.4 45.0 45.3 48.3 45.0 50.3 46.3 45.0 39.0 44.1Lower North mm 80 34.6 35.8 28.9 40.3 34.4 40.1 34.9 35.4 29.1 38.6Upper North mm 81 44.6 46.1 38.9 49.9 44.5 50.3 45.8 46.4 37.0 48.3Lower North East mm 82 85.9 89.5 76.2 96.3 83.7 92.2 85.5 89.5 71.7 94.0North Central mm 88 65.7 67.5 60.8 73.0 65.4 72.3 67.0 66.8 55.1 67.0Central Western mm 89 50.5 51.0 49.5 53.6 50.4 55.3 51.3 51.2 46.3 50.1West Coast mm 90 65.4 65.1 66.5 68.9 63.9 70.4 64.0 64.2 61.1 65.8

Central Highlands mm 35 51.4 46.4 47.7 63.0 47.1 54.9 52.8 48.4 45.3 57.9Maranoa mm 43 46.5 40.7 43.0 56.5 42.9 48.3 48.3 47.8 40.8 51.9West Darling Downs mm 42 48.4 47.1 45.1 56.1 45.5 50.5 51.0 49.8 41.6 50.5East Darling Downs mm 41 53.1 52.5 51.5 57.3 50.9 57.2 58.2 53.6 45.5 56.1Moreton South Coast mm 40 80.8 81.2 78.7 92.0 78.3 89.3 83.2 77.5 68.0 86.7

New South Wales

Victoria

Queensland

Continued …

TABLE 20.1 Average rainfall for principal Australian cropping districts a

195

Water


Unit

District

no.1900

–2016

1930

–1939

1940

–1949

1950

–1959

1960

–1969

1970

–1979

1980

–1989

1990

–1999

2000

–2009

2010

–2016

Upper South East mm 25B 37.2 36.7 37.7 38.9 37.5 39.5 36.7 35.8 33.3 36.4Murray Mallee mm 25A 27.0 25.7 25.7 27.1 26.4 29.2 25.4 28.0 24.9 30.1Murray River mm 24 24.7 23.6 23.1 24.7 24.2 27.6 23.5 26.0 22.9 28.3East Central mm 23 49.0 47.9 49.2 48.7 48.0 51.7 47.6 48.9 46.8 49.6Yorke Peninsula mm 22A 34.8 33.6 35.5 34.9 34.8 35.5 31.8 35.1 32.6 34.7Lower North mm 21 32.7 31.0 31.6 31.9 31.9 36.8 30.9 34.8 30.6 35.8Upper North mm 19 24.7 22.6 21.7 25.7 22.5 31.0 24.7 26.6 22.2 27.9Western mm 18 22.3 21.9 20.8 22.7 22.6 24.0 21.0 23.5 22.0 24.9

North Coast mm 8 31.8 32.6 31.0 30.7 34.9 30.8 30.8 33.8 26.8 27.7Central Coast mm 9 61.2 65.9 62.8 61.2 65.1 56.9 58.2 58.6 52.4 49.7Northern Central mm 10 28.6 28.3 27.8 27.9 30.5 27.7 27.4 31.2 26.9 26.0South Central mm 10A 34.7 36.5 34.0 34.1 36.4 33.9 32.7 35.3 31.8 31.8South East mm 12 20.3 18.2 18.9 17.9 21.1 19.9 20.6 24.6 23.2 23.6

Northern mm 91 35.2 109 104 111 105 113 101 102 97.2 108Midlands mm 93 45.0 57.3 50.6 57.1 50.6 59.2 50.5 48.8 48.8 53.3

South Australia

Western Australia

Tasmania

a Average rainfall is the simple arithmetic average of monthly rainfall over the period. Source: Bureau of Meteorology monthly district rainfall reports (various issues)

TABLE 20.1 Average rainfall for principal Australian cropping districts a continued

196

Water


Unit 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16

New South Wales no. 43,541 43,971 42,141 41,157 39,888 26,124Victoria no. 32,407 32,529 30,921 30,797 29,661 20,776Queensland no. 28,435 28,171 26,648 26,786 25,512 18,153South Australia no. 14,059 13,861 13,039 13,349 12,646 9,484Western Australia no. 12,529 12,498 11,700 11,925 11,177 8,400Tasmania no. 4,085 4,080 3,937 3,947 3,703 2,330Northern Territory no. 522 511 462 466 444 374Australian Capital Territory no. 75.0 71.0 70.6 61.5 60.9 40.0Australia no. 135,653 135,692 128,917 128,489 123,091 85,681Murray–Darling Basin no. 53,589 53,946 49,305 50,929 49,096 35,464Non Murray–Darling Basin no. 82,066 81,746 79,612 77,560 73,995 50,217

New South Wales GL 2,746 3,527 4,976 4,295 3,196 2,611Victoria GL 1,135 1,646 2,450 2,520 2,305 1,946Queensland GL 1,694 1,884 2,360 2,703 2,232 2,433South Australia GL 621 666 769 705 705 778Western Australia GL 254 246 239 259 258 288Tasmania GL 173 192 249 231 225 309Northern Territory GL 22.7 22.3 17.9 17.5 28.0 16.9Australian Capital Territory GL 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1Australia GL 6,645 8,184 11,060 10,731 8,950 8,381Murray–Darling Basin GL 4,507 5,875 8,273 7,736 5,869 4,938Non Murray–Darling Basin GL 2,138 2,299 2,787 2,994 3,082 3,443

New South Wales GL 236 223 226 211 229 194Victoria GL 166 167 164 158 157 149Queensland GL 266 224 264 255 235 213South Australia GL 77.7 65.6 73.8 58.6 65.4 81.0Western Australia GL 93.3 90.2 84.8 84.5 85.7 85.1Tasmania GL 28.5 25.9 23.1 24.4 22.4 23.5Northern Territory GL 37.6 35.8 32.5 39.7 33.8 30.1Australian Capital Territory GL 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.3Australia GL 905 832 869 831 830 776Murray–Darling Basin GL 307 298 301 288 306 272Non Murray–Darling Basin GL 598 534 568 543 524 504

New South Wales GL 2,982 3,751 5,202 4,506 3,426 2,805Victoria GL 1,300 1,813 2,614 2,678 2,462 2,095Queensland GL 1,960 2,108 2,623 2,958 2,467 2,646South Australia GL 699 732 843 763 771 859Western Australia GL 347 337 324 344 344 373Tasmania GL 201 218 272 256 248 332Northern Territory GL 60.3 58.1 50.4 57.2 61.8 47.0Australian Capital Territory GL 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3Australia GL 7,551 9,017 11,929 11,562 9,780 9,157Murray–Darling Basin GL 4,815 6,174 8,574 8,025 6,174 5,210Non Murray–Darling Basin GL 2,736 2,833 3,354 3,537 3,606 3,947

Total water use

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Water Use on Australian Farms, Australia, cat. no. 4618.0, Canberra

Agricultural businesses

Water use

Irrigation

Other agricultural uses

TABLE 20.2 Agriculture water use, Australia

197

Water


Unit 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16

New South Wales no. 10,389 8,584 7,584 8,485 8,630 5,342Victoria no. 9,753 9,016 8,379 10,190 10,065 5,954Queensland no. 8,023 7,572 6,685 7,461 7,622 5,416South Australia no. 5,428 5,169 4,279 5,113 5,286 3,123Western Australia no. 3,124 2,676 2,139 3,153 3,266 1,482Tasmania no. 1,770 1,656 1,364 1,554 1,462 1,217Northern Territory no. 251 231 191 186 195 150Australian Capital Territory no. 14.0 8.0 8.0 12.0 8.0 5.6Australia no. 38,752 34,912 30,629 36,155 36,533 22,690

New South Wales ’000 ha 58,326 60,576 58,848 58,303 57,399 53,438Victoria ’000 ha 12,626 12,698 12,146 12,290 12,009 10,676Queensland ’000 ha 139,835 137,239 129,548 139,933 135,918 127,551South Australia ’000 ha 52,786 49,705 49,431 52,823 45,837 47,580Western Australia ’000 ha 88,715 88,438 90,494 89,313 81,399 76,802Tasmania ’000 ha 1,655 1,666 1,612 1,701 1,569 1,459Northern Territory ’000 ha 55,671 55,115 54,496 51,871 50,392 53,546Australian Capital Territory ’000 ha 58.3 37.3 39.5 34.2 34.9 25.4Australia ’000 ha 409,673 405,474 396,615 406,269 384,558 371,078

New South Wales ’000 ha 674 786 887 824 700 668Victoria ’000 ha 487 558 628 591 638 563Queensland ’000 ha 475 492 515 526 514 530South Australia ’000 ha 181 165 182 191 158 190Western Australia ’000 ha 55.2 50.1 65.6 86.2 47.8 87.8Tasmania ’000 ha 84.2 84.3 95.2 99.5 84.7 104Northern Territory ’000 ha 6.2 5.7 4.7 27 5.9 4.7Australian Capital Territory ’000 ha 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.3Australia ’000 ha 1,963 2,141 2,378 2,345 2,149 2,148

New South Wales GL 2,746 3,527 4,976 4,295 3,196 2,611Victoria GL 1,135 1,646 2,450 2,520 2,305 1,946Queensland GL 1,694 1,884 2,360 2,703 2,232 2,433South Australia GL 621 666 769 705 705 778Western Australia GL 254 246 239 259 258 288Tasmania GL 173 192 249 231 225 309Northern Territory GL 22.7 22.3 17.9 17.5 28.0 16.9Australian Capital Territory GL 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1Australia GL 6,645 8,184 11,060 10,731 8,950 8,381

New South Wales ML/ha 4.1 4.5 5.6 5.2 4.6 3.9Victoria ML/ha 2.3 2.9 3.9 4.3 3.6 3.5Queensland ML/ha 3.6 3.8 4.6 5.1 4.3 4.6South Australia ML/ha 3.4 4.0 4.2 3.7 4.5 4.1Western Australia ML/ha 4.6 4.9 3.6 3.0 5.4 3.3Tasmania ML/ha 2.1 2.3 2.6 2.3 2.7 3.0Northern Territory ML/ha 3.7 3.9 3.8 0.7 4.7 3.6Australian Capital Territory ML/ha 1.5 2.1 1.5 1.8 2.0 0.3Australia ML/ha 3.4 3.8 4.7 4.6 4.2 3.9

Continued …

Agricultural businesses irrigating

Area under pasture or crop

Area irrigated

Volume applied

Average application rate

TABLE 20.3 Irrigation activity, Australia

198

Water


Unit 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16

Agricultural businesses irrigating no. 15,347 14,359 12,954 14,496 14,587 9,216Area under pasture or crop ’000 ha 85,060 95,034 na 90,693 89,199 83,986Area irrigated ’000 ha 1,189 1,412 1,592 1,508 1,367 1,238Volume applied GL 4,507 5,875 8,273 7,736 5,869 4,938Average application rate ML/ha 3.8 4.2 5.2 5.1 4.3 4.0

Agricultural businesses irrigating no. 23,405 20,553 17,676 21,659 21,946 13,474Area under pasture or crop ’000 ha 324,613 310,440 na 315,576 295,359 287,092Area irrigated ’000 ha 774 730 786 802 782 910Volume applied GL 2,138 2,299 2,787 2,994 3,082 3,443Average application rate ML/ha 2.8 3.2 3.5 3.7 3.9 3.8

Murray–Darling Basin

Non Murray–Darling Basin

Note: ABS advises caution should be used when using water statistics, as some estimates may be subject to sampling variability and standard errors high for practical purposes. Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Water Use on Australian Farms, Australia, cat. no. 4618.0, Canberra

TABLE 20.3 Irrigation activity, Australia continued

199

Water


Unit 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16

New South Wales GL 1,119 1,740 2,556 1,945 1,666 966Victoria GL 599 988 1,652 1,442 1,469 1,068Queensland GL 374 523 661 774 775 789South Australia GL 26.8 51.0 124 116 120 118Western Australia GL 87.1 100 113 95.7 103 101Tasmania GL 11.4 17.3 32.7 22.2 28.4 53.2Northern Territory GL 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.7 1.3Australian Capital Territory GL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 naAustralia GL 2,217 3,419 5,139 4,396 4,161 3,096

New South Wales GL 1,336 1,552 2,071 1,861 1,076 1,114Victoria GL 433 534 658 823 569 643Queensland GL 1,115 1,117 1,442 1,562 1,018 1,021South Australia GL 238 231 221 268 263 252Western Australia GL 113 92.1 78.5 96.8 99.1 102Tasmania GL 170 180 216 217 198 250Northern Territory GL 19.3 14.2 6.9 8.8 12.5 11.1Australian Capital Territory GL na 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3Australia GL 3,425 3,720 4,694 4,837 3,236 3,393

New South Wales GL 441 366 513 632 630 675Victoria GL 192 207 236 328 300 292Queensland GL 425 431 467 576 631 762South Australia GL 373 401 463 351 349 432Western Australia GL 128 128 117 140 131 142Tasmania GL 12.1 12.6 17.2 13.7 18.6 19.3Northern Territory GL 40.3 43.8 42.9 47.7 48.5 34.4Australian Capital Territory GL 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0Australia GL 1,611 1,589 1,856 2,088 2,108 2,357

New South Wales GL 22.0 27.2 23.4 26.5 26.8 21.3Victoria GL 23.7 34.3 20.0 23.1 29.6 37.5Queensland GL 5.6 4.7 5.7 3.7 6.6 8.8South Australia GL 38.6 31.6 25.2 18.9 26.9 43.6Western Australia GL 13.5 14.8 12.1 10.4 10.8 11.8Tasmania GL 2.2 3.8 0.9 1.2 1.0 3.4Northern Territory GL 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1Australian Capital Territory GL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Australia GL 106 117 87 84 102 126

New South Wales GL 56.8 61.0 35.1 38.3 28.1 23.3Victoria GL 39.6 47.5 29.5 57.7 93.4 49.9Queensland GL 32.9 30.0 37.5 38.7 36.3 57.3South Australia GL 9.9 5.4 7.4 7.7 11.0 11.3Western Australia GL 1.8 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.1 15.6Tasmania GL 3.3 3.9 3.3 na 1.5 3.6Northern Territory GL 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 na naAustralian Capital Territory GL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 na naAustralia GL 145 148 114 145 170 161

Continued …

Recycled/re-used water from off-farm sources

Water supplied by irrigation schemes

Surface water

Groundwater

Town or country reticulated mains supply

TABLE 20.4 Sources of agricultural water, Australia

200

Water


Unit 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16

New South Wales GL 7.3 5.4 3.3 2.5 0.2 5.7Victoria GL 12.9 3.4 19.2 3.7 1.4 4.5Queensland GL 8.4 2.3 10.1 3.3 0.5 8.4South Australia GL 13.1 1.6 2.1 1.5 0.2 2.2Western Australia GL 3.1 0.8 2.0 0.7 0.0 0.7Tasmania GL 1.9 0.5 1.4 0.3 0.2 2.2Northern Territory GL 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.5 na 0.0Australian Capital Territory GL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 na naAustralia GL 46.8 13.9 38.3 12.4 2.4 23.8

New South Wales GL 2,982 3,751 5,202 4,506 3,426 2,805Victoria GL 1,300 1,813 2,614 2,678 2,462 2,095Queensland GL 1,960 2,108 2,623 2,958 2,467 2,646South Australia GL 699 722 843 763 771 859Western Australia GL 347 337 324 344 344 373Tasmania GL 201 218 272 256 248 332Northern Territory GL 60.3 58.1 50.4 57.2 61.8 47.0Australian Capital Territory GL 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3Australia GL 7,551 9,007 11,929 11,562 9,780 9,157

Water supplied by irrigation schemes GL 1,705 2,768 4,228 3,494 3,212 2,088Surface water GL 2,397 2,693 3,570 3,559 1,980 2,095Groundwater GL 570 568 686 863 844 926Town or country reticulated mains supply GL 40.2 47.1 23.4 33.9 33.9 35.6Recycled/re-used water from off-farm sources GL 75.5 88.1 59.3 69.3 103 56.2Other GL 27.6 9.1 7.7 5.7 0.1 9.5Total all sources GL 4,815 6,174 8,574 8,025 6,174 5,210

Water supplied by irrigation schemes GL 512 651 912 902 949 1,009Surface water GL 1,029 1,026 1,124 1,279 1,255 1,298Groundwater GL 1,042 1,021 1,170 1,224 1,264 1,431Town or country reticulated mains supply GL 65.4 69.5 64.0 50.1 68.1 90.9Recycled/re-used water from off-farm sources GL 69.1 60.3 54.3 75.2 67.0 105Other GL 19.2 4.8 568 6.7 2.3 14.4Total all sources GL 2,736 2,833 3,354 3,537 3,606 3,947Note: ABS advises caution should be used when using water statistic, as some data may be subject to sampling variability and standard errors high for practical purposes. Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Water Use on Australian Farms, Australia, cat. no. 4618.0, Canberra

Other

Total all sources

Murray–Darling Basin

Non Murray–Darling Basin

TABLE 20.4 Sources of agricultural water, Australia continued

201

Water


Unit 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16

Nursery and floriculture production GL 15.1 1.7 8.0 11.2 9.9 16.6Mushroom and vegetable growing GL 65.6 90.9 138 102 127 83.9Fruit and tree nut growing GL 194 288 416 297 330 294Sheep, beef cattle and grain farming GL 1,678 2,848 4,233 2,681 2,434 1,530Other crop growing GL 738 646 922 1,602 935 1,032Dairy cattle farming GL 135 140 448 253 233 163Poultry farming GL 8.2 7.6 na na 17.8 7.0Other livestock farming GL 27.7 14.2 21.8 21.2 33.6 24.0Total GL 2,861 4,037 6,210 4,983 4,120 3,150

Nursery and floriculture production GL 8.6 10.0 10.9 9.2 10.5 14.5Mushroom and vegetable growing GL 64.6 92.7 79.5 85.4 103 119Fruit and tree nut growing GL 273 476 560 617 487 613Sheep, beef cattle and grain farming GL 285 425 602 491 676 477Other crop growing GL 9.9 43.7 21.3 20.6 59.8 32.9Dairy cattle farming GL 573 968 1,294 1,322 1,372 1,042Poultry farming GL 6.5 5.9 na na 5.7 4.9Other livestock farming GL 13.5 20.8 33.3 22.0 24.0 22.9Total GL 1,234 2,041 2,607 2,572 2,738 2,326

Nursery and floriculture production GL 10.3 15.2 9.6 10.8 9.6 11.4Mushroom and vegetable growing GL 84.1 101 116 127 102 124Fruit and tree nut growing GL 122 122 132 137 140 170Sheep, beef cattle and grain farming GL 596 334 485 517 409 453Other crop growing GL 997 1,371 1,666 1,918 1,515 1,628Dairy cattle farming GL 43.4 45.1 34.8 32.6 53.0 44.0Poultry farming GL 3.6 7.7 na na 5.9 6.8Other livestock farming GL 22.3 17.1 12.6 14.0 15.5 17.5Total GL 1,878 2,014 2,463 2,761 2,250 2,454South Australia

Nursery and floriculture production GL 4.1 2.1 3.7 1.8 3.4 5.4Mushroom and vegetable growing GL 75.4 92.2 67.8 57.2 58.2 75.8Fruit and tree nut growing GL 232 249 270 269 260 324Sheep, beef cattle and grain farming GL 232 230 305 259 269 295Other crop growing GL 15.3 4.1 1.8 2.3 2.5 17.4Dairy cattle farming GL 76.5 73.2 97.4 92.5 106 77.4Poultry farming GL 2.1 1.3 na na 2.6 1.9Other livestock farming GL 7.9 9.3 10.8 7.1 8.0 6.7Total GL 646 661 759 691 709 804

Nursery and floriculture production GL 7.8 7.2 9.5 6.7 8.7 8.6Mushroom and vegetable growing GL 52.9 81.0 89.4 68.2 76.8 103Fruit and tree nut growing GL 45.1 62.4 40.9 39.3 43.6 49.8Sheep, beef cattle and grain farming GL 135 95.5 102 108 154 135Other crop growing GL 19.6 17.2 10.0 23.5 1.5 6.9Dairy cattle farming GL 52.4 43.1 29.4 36.6 14.8 39.6Poultry farming GL 1.4 1.7 na na 1.9 2.6Other livestock farming GL 5.0 6.5 4.7 12.0 6.0 4.5Total GL 319 315 288 296 308 350

Continued …

New South Wales

Western Australia

Queensland

Victoria

TABLE 20.5 Water consumption, agriculture industry, Australia

202

Water


Unit 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16

Nursery and floriculture production GL 0.7 0.7 1.0 2.2 2.9 1.0Mushroom and vegetable growing GL 17.0 53.3 33.5 42.3 28.5 49.4Fruit and tree nut growing GL 6.5 8.9 5.4 4.5 5.6 7.9Sheep, beef cattle and grain farming GL 105 63.6 101 81.5 81.0 116Other crop growing GL 3.3 9.4 18.9 7.4 7.5 7.8Dairy cattle farming GL 50.4 65.8 84.6 94.3 101 124Poultry farming GL 0.2 0.4 na na 0.5 0.6Other livestock farming GL 1.2 1.1 0.3 1.9 0.9 0.4Total GL 185 203 246 235 228 306

Nursery and floriculture production GL 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2Mushroom and vegetable growing GL 4.5 6.2 na na 8.8 6.6Fruit and tree nut growing GL 10.1 10.3 7.6 9.3 15.4 7.7Sheep, beef cattle and grain farming GL 36.0 33.8 na na 30.9 28.5Other crop growing GL 0.1 0.7 0.5 0.1 0.4 0.0Dairy cattle farming GL 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Poultry farming GL 0.0 0.0 na na 0.0 0.0Other livestock farming GL 0.1 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.4Total GL 51.8 52.2 44.7 49.9 56.1 43.4

Nursery and floriculture production GL 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1Mushroom and vegetable growing GL 0.0 0.0 na na 0.0 0.0Fruit and tree nut growing GL 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0Sheep, beef cattle and grain farming GL 0.2 0.3 na na 0.2 0.3Other crop growing GL 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0Dairy cattle farming GL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Poultry farming GL 0.0 0.0 na na 0.0 0.0Other livestock farming GL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Total GL 0.5 0.4 1.3 1.2 0.3 0.4

Nursery and floriculture production GL 47.3 37.5 43.0 42.0 45.2 57.8Mushroom and vegetable growing GL 364 517 531 487 504 561Fruit and tree nut growing GL 882 1,217 1,431 1,373 1,282 1,465Sheep, beef cattle and grain farming GL 3,067 4,030 5,858 4,172 4,054 3,035Other crop growing GL 1,784 2,092 2,640 3,574 2,522 2,725Dairy cattle farming GL 931 1,335 1,989 1,831 1,879 1,490Poultry farming GL 22.0 24.8 na na 34.4 23.9Other livestock farming GL 77.6 69.5 83.7 78.5 88.3 76.4Total GL 7,175 9,324 12,619 11,588 10,410 9,435Note: Data presented in this table differ from the data presented in the other water tables. The ‘Agriculture’ industry view presented here only presents the agricultural activity that occurs in businesses where the primary income producing activity (i.e. the activity with value added that exceeds the value added of any other activity carried out by the same business) of the business is agricultural production. Businesses which undertake some agricultural activity but for which other activities provide most of the income are excluded from the ‘Agriculture’ industry view. As such the industry view of ‘Agriculture’ shows a lower level (approximately 10%) of water consumption than the agricultural activity view. Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Water Account, Australia, cat. no. 4610.0, Canberra

Tasmania

Northern Territory

Australian Capital Territory

Australia

TABLE 20.5 Water consumption, agriculture industry, Australia continued

203

Wheat


Unit Unit Apparent Closing

Area cd Yield Volume c value Volume value e domestic use g stocks h

’000 ha t/ha kt $/t kt $/t kt kt1973–74 8,948 1.3 11,902 110 7,418 102 3,080 2,9341974–75 8,307 1.4 11,357 111 8,550 132 3,031 2,7101975–76 8,555 1.4 11,982 104 8,233 122 2,742 3,7171976–77 8,956 1.3 11,800 89.1 9,763 109 2,565 3,1891977–78 9,955 0.9 9,370 99.8 8,098 93.0 2,629 1,8321978–79 10,249 1.8 18,089 127 11,693 116 2,530 5,6981979–80 11,152 1.5 16,188 153 13,197 146 3,369 5,3201980–81 11,283 1.0 10,856 155 9,614 164 3,466 3,0961981–82 11,885 1.4 16,359 159 11,068 158 2,456 5,9311982–83 11,520 0.8 8,805 178 7,280 168 4,119 3,3371983–84 12,800 1.6 20,788 173 14,159 172 1,413 8,5531984–85 12,045 1.5 18,072 177 14,659 183 2,488 9,4781985–86 11,736 1.4 16,063 168 16,331 185 2,330 6,8801986–87 11,135 1.4 16,119 150 15,658 147 2,637 4,7051987–88 9,005 1.4 12,287 164 9,993 145 3,398 3,6001988–89 8,827 1.6 13,935 214 11,427 214 2,762 3,3461989–90 9,004 1.6 14,215 195 10,993 213 2,417 4,1511990–91 9,218 1.6 15,066 132 12,002 137 3,239 3,9761991–92 7,183 1.5 10,557 200 7,136 202 4,096 3,3031992–93 8,275 1.8 14,739 182 10,359 207 2,741 4,9421993–94 8,383 2.0 16,479 174 13,818 175 3,901 3,7031994–95 7,891 1.1 8,961 237 6,351 234 3,873 2,4411995–96 9,221 1.8 16,504 261 13,319 286 4,112 1,5141996–97 10,936 2.1 22,924 213 19,224 227 3,544 1,6711997–98 10,441 1.8 19,227 198 15,725 241 4,115 1,0581998–99 11,543 1.9 21,465 187 16,450 203 4,452 1,6241999–2000 12,168 2.0 24,757 195 17,838 205 4,859 3,6872000–01 12,141 1.8 22,108 232 16,142 268 4,818 4,8352001–02 11,529 2.1 24,299 262 16,318 278 5,019 7,7982002–03 11,170 0.9 10,132 266 9,107 283 5,816 3,3082003–04 13,067 2.0 26,132 216 17,868 231 5,357 6,2172004–05 13,399 1.6 21,905 197 14,675 214 6,027 7,4242005–06 12,443 2.0 25,150 203 15,969 222 6,627 9,9822006–07 11,798 0.9 10,822 242 8,685 267 7,420 4,7052007–08 12,578 1.1 13,569 390 7,444 451 6,517 4,3192008–09 13,530 1.6 21,420 281 14,707 348 7,306 3,7382009–10 13,881 1.6 21,834 218 14,791 255 4,999 5,7982010–11 13,502 2.0 27,410 257 18,584 315 5,663 8,9732011–12 13,902 2.2 29,905 227 24,656 271 6,334 7,9012012–13 12,979 1.8 22,855 313 18,644 337 6,451 5,6782013–14 12,613 2.0 25,303 316 18,612 326 6,785 5,6052014–15 12,384 1.9 23,743 300 16,587 340 7,154 5,6282015–16 11,282 2.0 22,275 277 16,116 312 7,263 4,5502016–17 s 12,832 2.7 35,009 247 22,640 274 8,218 8,726a Crop years: up to and including 1981–82: 1 December to 30 November; 1982–83 and subsequent years: 1 October to 30 September. b Exports are of wheat and meslin (mixed grain, especially rye mixed with wheat) plus flour in wheat equivalent (conversion 1:1.29). c Details for establishments with estimated value of agricultural operations (EVAO) of $1,500 or more until 1980–81; $2,500 or more from 1981–82 to 1985–86; EVAO of $20,000 or more from 1986–87 to 1990–91; EVAO of $22,500 or more from 1991–92 to 1992–93; EVAO of $5,000 or more from 1993–94 to 2014–15; and EVAO of $40,000 from 2015–16. d Planted area. e Export unit value based on July–June year exports until 1987–88 and crop year exports thereafter. g In principle, calculated as a residual: production plus imports less exports less any observed or assumed change in stocks. h Historical data include AWB Limited Pool and Trading Division closing stocks. s ABARES estimate.Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Agriculture, Australia, cat. no. 7113.0, Canberra; ABS, Agricultural Commodities, Australia, cat. no. 7121.0, Canberra; ABS, Historical Selected Agriculture Commodities, by State (1861 to Present), cat. no. 7124.0, Canberra; ABS, International Trade, Australia , cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra; ABS, Value of Australian Commodities Produced, Australia, cat. no. 7503.0, Canberra

Production Exports b

TABLE 21.1 Summary of Australian statistics for wheat a

204

Wheat


New South Western


2003–04 ’000 ha 3,983 1,409 790 1,960 4,917 7.7 13,0672004–05 ’000 ha 4,256 1,327 711 1,979 5,118 7.4 13,3992005–06 ’000 ha 3,554 1,315 778 2,035 4,753 7.9 12,4432006–07 ’000 ha 3,596 1,347 638 2,173 4,037 7.2 11,7982007–08 ’000 ha 4,009 1,514 669 2,121 4,258 7.1 12,5782008–09 ’000 ha 4,322 1,534 1,020 2,104 4,542 8.6 13,5302009–10 ’000 ha 3,983 1,801 962 2,122 5,006 7.2 13,8812010–11 ’000 ha 3,815 1,793 906 2,341 4,640 8.1 13,5022011–12 ’000 ha 3,868 1,669 953 2,249 5,156 6.6 13,9022012–13 ’000 ha 3,487 1,592 866 2,119 4,909 6.0 12,9792013–14 ’000 ha 3,269 1,536 758 1,927 5,115 8.2 12,6132014–15 ’000 ha 3,166 1,493 634 2,045 5,038 8.3 12,3842015–16 ’000 ha 2,933 1,342 611 1,770 4,616 10.5 11,2822016–17 s ’000 ha 3,500 1,550 650 2,000 5,125 7.0 12,832

2003–04 t/ha 1.8 2.2 1.4 1.8 2.3 3.4 2.02004–05 t/ha 1.8 1.5 1.6 1.3 1.7 4.1 1.62005–06 t/ha 2.3 2.2 1.6 1.9 1.9 4.3 2.02006–07 t/ha 0.7 0.7 1.2 0.7 1.3 2.5 0.92007–08 t/ha 0.6 1.3 1.4 1.1 1.4 3.8 1.12008–09 t/ha 1.6 1.1 2.0 1.1 1.8 4.1 1.62009–10 t/ha 1.3 1.7 1.4 1.9 1.6 3.8 1.62010–11 t/ha 2.7 2.5 1.7 2.5 1.1 3.9 2.02011–12 t/ha 2.2 2.4 2.0 2.0 2.1 4.9 2.22012–13 t/ha 2.1 2.2 1.9 1.7 1.4 5.1 1.82013–14 t/ha 2.0 2.2 1.4 2.2 2.0 5.3 2.02014–15 t/ha 2.1 1.8 1.6 2.3 1.8 5.3 1.92015–16 t/ha 2.4 1.4 2.2 2.1 1.8 5.1 2.02016–17 s t/ha 3.3 3.4 2.8 3.3 2.0 4.9 2.7

2003–04 kt 7,288 3,146 1,110 3,490 11,070 26.1 26,1322004–05 kt 7,537 1,927 1,170 2,621 8,619 30.5 21,9052005–06 kt 8,049 2,909 1,218 3,853 9,088 34.0 25,1502006–07 kt 2,568 879 777 1,446 5,134 17.7 10,8222007–08 kt 2,477 1,995 954 2,296 5,820 26.8 13,5692008–09 kt 6,963 1,756 2,016 2,376 8,274 34.9 21,4202009–10 kt 5,350 2,995 1,346 4,001 8,114 27.3 21,8342010–11 kt 10,488 4,412 1,524 5,949 5,005 31.9 27,4102011–12 kt 8,473 3,943 1,886 4,525 11,045 32.3 29,9052012–13 kt 7,365 3,423 1,614 3,679 6,744 30.4 22,8552013–14 kt 6,596 3,396 1,036 4,254 9,977 43.5 25,3032014–15 kt 6,654 2,631 987 4,602 8,824 44.2 23,7432015–16 kt 6,898 1,815 1,316 3,679 8,511 53.4 22,2752016–17 s kt 11,375 5,200 1,800 6,600 10,000 34.4 35,009a Includes data for the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory. b Planted area. s ABARES estimate.Note: Series break in 2015–16. Prior to 2015–16 figures are based on establishments with an estimated value of agricultural operations (EVAO) of $5,000. From 2015–16 (inclusive) figures are based on establishments with an EVAO of $40,000. Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Agriculture Australia, cat. no. 7113.0, Canberra; ABS, Agricultural Commodities, Australia, cat. no. 7121.0, Canberra; ABS, Historical Selected Agriculture Commodities, by State (1861 to Present), cat. no. 7124.0, Canberra

Area b

Yield

Production

TABLE 21.2 Australian wheat area, yield and production, by state

205

Wheat


Unit 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17 s

Egypt kt 730 618 514 275 427 288 135Former Sudan kt 505 811 238 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Mozambique kt 164 141 189 111 37.3 45.9 7.5Nigeria kt 0.2 48.8 190 554 436 448 405South Africa kt 90.2 265 255 54.8 108 44.0 14.4Sudan kt 0.0 0.0 684 815 296 0.0 0.0Tanzania kt 245 67.0 191 147 229 0.1 0.8

Bangladesh kt 1,049 259 22.0 52.5 151 190 289Burma kt 175 179 199 282 242 365 376China kt 530 1,872 1,235 1,491 930 1,366 1,859India kt 137 3.7 8.9 7.8 249 234 2,660Indonesia kt 3,892 4,066 4,424 3,720 4,377 3,648 4,833Japan kt 1,175 1,293 1,178 882 904 899 970Korea, Rep. of kt 1,197 2,343 1,496 910 1,048 1,203 1,050Malaysia kt 928 894 855 957 906 835 1,065Philippines kt 736 1,577 994 359 712 817 2,055Singapore kt 94.9 92.4 87.8 119 95.8 126 115Taiwan kt 322 331 224 253 240 206 263Thailand kt 661 1,442 475 387 466 409 432Vietnam kt 1,872 2,509 1,290 1,470 1,262 1,328 2,024

Iran kt 0.0 208 1,292 849 269 102 0.0Iraq kt 906 522 1,771 959 155 52.5 0.0Kuwait kt 372 320 320 436 381 403 466Oman kt 159 162 158 154 152 147 109Saudi Arabia kt 66.3 349 409 377 12.9 16.3 7.1United Arab Emirates kt 353 180 182 40.1 99 166 331Yemen kt 779 841 722 1,070 928 915 977

Fiji kt 149 157 184 160 168 209 178New Zealand kt 349 537 419 498 521 473 481Papua New Guinea kt 190 170 182 187 213 217 210

World kt 18,431 23,026 21,265 18,336 16,571 15,777 22,057value $m 5,516 6,378 6,776 6,103 5,547 5,120 6,094

a July–June year. Exports are of wheat and meslin (mixed grain, especially rye mixed with wheat) plus flour in wheat equivalent (conversion 1:1.29). s ABARES estimate.Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra

Africa

Asia

Middle East

Oceania

TABLE 21.3 Volume of Australian exports of wheat, by destination a

206

Wheat


Unit 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17

Production b kt 27,410 29,905 22,855 25,303 23,743 22,275 35,009Apparent domestic use kt 5,663 6,334 6,451 6,785 7,154 7,263 8,218

Seed kt 695 649 631 619 564 642 622Other c kt 4,968 5,685 5,820 6,165 6,590 6,621 7,596

Wheat kt 18,515 24,598 18,604 18,581 16,543 16,083 22,610Flour d kt 68.8 58.2 40.1 31.8 43.5 32.8 30.3Total kt 18,584 24,656 18,644 18,612 16,587 16,116 22,640

Wheat kt 0.9 1.2 1.7 1.7 1.2 1.4 1.0Flour d kt 10.7 12.7 15.4 18.3 20.6 23.9 27.2Total kt 11.6 13.8 17.0 20.0 21.8 25.3 28.2

a October–September year. b Series break in 2015–16. Prior to 2015–16 figures are based on establishments with an estimated value ofagricultural operations (EVAO) of $5,000. From 2015–16 (inclusive) figures are based on establishments with an EVAO of $40,000. c Inprinciple, calculated as a residual: production plus imports less exports less any observed or assumed change in stocks and less seed use.d Wheat equivalent (conversion 1:1.29).Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Agricultural Commodities, Australia, cat. no. 7121.0, Canberra; ABS, InternationalTrade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra

Exports

Imports

TABLE 21.4 Australian wheat supply and disposal a

207

Wheat


Stocks- Use

to-use per

Harvested area Production Use World b Exporters c ratio Trade d person Price e

million ha Mt Mt Mt Mt % Mt kg US$/t1973–74 221 376 363 87.0 26.0 24.0 63.0 91.6 1771974–75 223 364 368 83.0 30.0 22.6 63.0 91.1 1641975–76 227 359 364 80.0 38.0 22.0 66.0 88.5 1521976–77 234 425 380 121 56.0 31.8 62.0 90.7 1131977–78 228 386 413 98.0 53.0 23.7 72.0 96.9 1161978–79 230 451 428 120 56.0 28.0 72.0 98.7 1411979–80 229 429 440 101 49.0 23.0 86.0 100 1751980–81 237 445 452 114 47.0 25.2 94.0 101 1831981–82 240 454 454 118 59.0 25.9 101 99.3 1701982–83 239 483 465 137 70.0 29.6 96.0 99.9 1601983–84 231 489 473 151 66.0 31.9 100 99.9 1541984–85 232 513 495 176 73.0 35.7 103 103 1481985–86 231 500 491 189 85.0 38.4 84.0 100 1281986–87 229 531 518 201 83.0 38.8 90.0 104 1111987–88 221 505 528 180 61.0 34.1 107 104 1231988–89 220 500 529 151 40.0 28.6 98.0 102 1661989–90 226 537 532 157 38.1 29.5 101 101 1611990–91 230 592 567 182 55.5 32.1 100 106 1181991–92 221 543 552 174 50.0 31.5 110 101 1511992–93 221 562 548 187 55.1 34.2 111 99.3 1411993–94 220 557 557 188 45.2 33.7 99.0 99.4 1421994–95 215 527 545 170 52.4 31.2 91.9 95.8 1561995–96 219 541 549 163 43.9 29.6 96.2 95.2 2151996–97 231 582 579 167 45.9 28.9 99.5 98.9 1791997–98 228 610 583 195 57.6 33.5 99.4 98.3 1421998–99 225 587 579 203 58.9 35.1 99.3 96.5 1191999–2000 217 585 582 206 57.8 35.4 109 95.7 1132000–01 218 582 584 205 58.5 35.1 102 94.7 1292001–02 213 581 585 201 66.1 34.3 107 93.7 1272002–03 213 566 601 166 55.8 27.6 106 95.1 1612003–04 208 557 596 127 49.4 21.3 103 93.2 1602004–05 217 628 613 141 66.9 23.0 110 94.7 1542005–06 217 621 623 139 66.0 22.2 110 95.1 1762006–07 211 597 601 135 55.2 22.4 111 90.6 2122007–08 215 607 610 132 43.1 21.6 110 91.1 3602008–09 223 685 645 172 63.9 26.7 137 95.0 2712009–10 223 679 653 198 73.2 30.3 128 95.2 2092010–11 218 653 657 193 67.9 29.4 126 94.5 3172011–12 221 695 697 192 63.0 27.6 145 99.2 2992012–13 215 655 676 171 46.1 25.3 141 95.0 3482013–14 219 717 697 191 55.6 27.4 157 96.7 3172014–15 221 730 715 206 64.8 28.9 153 97.9 2662015–16 225 736 718 224 64.8 31.2 166 97.4 2112016–17 222 754 736 242 78.6 32.9 176 98.4 197a Aggregation of local marketing years, not necessarily one fixed point in time. b China not included before 1983–84. c Argentina, Australia, Canada, European Union and US. Includes Kazakhstan, Russian Federation and Ukraine from 2003–04. d July–June year. Excludes intra-EU trade. e US no. 2 hard red winter, fob Gulf, July–June average. Sources: ABARES; International Grains Council, London

Closing stocks a

TABLE 21.5 Summary of world statistics for wheat

208

Wheat


Unit 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17

Algeria Mt 3.1 2.8 3.4 3.3 1.9 2.7 2.1Egypt Mt 7.5 8.4 8.5 8.7 8.5 8.5 8.6Morocco Mt 4.9 5.8 3.9 7.0 5.1 8.1 2.7South Africa Mt 1.4 2.0 1.9 2.0 1.8 1.4 1.9

Argentina Mt 15.9 14.5 8.0 9.2 13.9 11.3 17.6Brazil Mt 5.9 5.8 4.4 5.5 6.0 5.5 6.7Canada Mt 23 25 27 38 29 28 32Mexico Mt 3.7 3.7 3.2 3.4 3.7 3.8 3.9United States Mt 58.9 54.2 61.3 58.1 55.1 56.1 62.8

China Mt 115 117 121 122 126 130 129India Mt 80.8 86.9 94.9 93.5 95.9 86.5 86.0Kazakhstan Mt 9.6 22.7 9.8 13.9 13.0 13.8 15.0Pakistan Mt 23.9 24.2 23.3 24.2 26.0 25.5 25.5Uzbekistan Mt 6.5 6.3 6.7 6.8 7.2 7.0 7.0

European Union a Mt 137 137 132 143 156 160 144Belgium Mt 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.1 1.6Bulgaria Mt 4.0 4.3 4.3 5.2 5.3 5.0 5.6Czech Republic Mt 4.2 5.0 3.6 4.6 5.3 5.2 5.5Denmark Mt 5.3 4.8 4.6 4.1 5.2 5.0 4.2Hungary Mt 3.8 4.1 3.9 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.6France Mt 38.1 36.1 37.9 38.5 39.0 42.4 29.3Germany Mt 24.0 23.0 22.4 25.0 27.8 26.3 24.6Italy Mt 6.9 6.8 7.7 7.2 6.9 7.3 8.0Poland Mt 9.5 9.3 8.7 9.6 12 11 11Romania Mt 6.0 6.7 5.2 7.2 7.6 7.9 8.4Spain Mt 5.7 6.8 5.1 7.7 6.5 6.3 7.9Sweden Mt 2.2 2.3 2.3 1.9 3.1 3.3 2.8United Kingdom Mt 14.9 15.3 13.3 11.9 16.6 16.3 14.4

Russian Federation Mt 41.5 56.2 37.7 52.1 59.1 61.0 72.5Ukraine Mt 16.8 22.3 15.8 22.3 24.7 27.3 26.8

Iran Mt 15.0 13.5 14.0 14.5 13.0 13.8 14.5Iraq Mt 2.9 2.6 2.1 3.3 3.5 3.8 3.6Syria Mt 3.6 3.9 3.6 3.2 2.0 2.4 1.5Turkey Mt 19.7 21.8 20.1 22.1 19.0 22.6 20.6

Australia Mt 27.4 29.9 22.9 25.3 23.7 22.3 35.0World Mt 653 695 655 717 730 736 754a Regarded as 28 countries.Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics, Agricultural Commodities, Australia, cat. no 7121.0, Canberra; International Grains Council, London; US Department of Agriculture, Washington DC

Africa

Americas

Asia

Europe

Middle East

Oceania

TABLE 21.6 World wheat production, by country

209

Wheat


Unit 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17

Algeria Mt 6.4 6.3 6.5 7.5 7.4 8.2 8.5Egypt Mt 10.4 11.6 8.2 10.1 11.1 12.2 11.4Libya Mt 1.4 1.6 2.1 2.2 1.4 1.3 1.4Morocco Mt 3.9 3.0 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.4 5.4Nigeria Mt 4.0 3.9 4.2 4.6 4.3 4.4 4.8Tunisia Mt 1.8 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.5 2.0 2.0

Brazil Mt 6.6 7.3 7.6 7.1 5.5 6.7 7.0Mexico Mt 3.4 5.0 3.8 4.7 4.6 4.7 5.4Peru Mt 1.8 1.7 1.7 2.1 1.8 1.7 2.0United States Mt 2.6 3.0 3.5 4.8 4.0 3.1 3.3

Afghanistan Mt 2.1 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.9 2.9 2.6Bangladesh Mt 3.4 1.9 2.7 3.4 3.6 4.6 5.7China Mt 1.0 3.0 3.3 6.8 2.2 3.6 4.5Indonesia Mt 6.6 6.5 7.2 7.5 7.4 10.3 10.0Japan Mt 6.0 5.8 6.3 6.1 5.9 5.9 6.1Korea, Rep. of Mt 4.9 5.1 5.2 4.2 4.1 4.6 4.8Philippines Mt 3.2 4.0 3.6 3.5 5.1 5.0 5.7Thailand Mt 1.9 2.6 1.8 1.7 3.5 5.0 3.6Uzbekistan Mt 1.6 2.7 1.9 2.3 2.3 2.7 2.7Vietnam Mt 2.6 2.7 1.6 2.1 2.3 3.1 5.6

European Union b Mt 4.7 7.2 5.3 4.5 6.6 7.6 5.5

Iran Mt 0.5 1.0 6.1 5.5 6.4 3.8 0.8Iraq Mt 3.5 3.9 3.9 3.2 2.3 2.3 2.6Saudi Arabia Mt 1.7 2.9 2.1 3.5 3.7 3.1 3.8Turkey Mt 3.5 4.3 3.3 4.2 5.9 4.5 4.5Yemen Mt 2.6 2.6 3.2 3.5 3.3 3.4 3.1

Argentina Mt 9.6 13.0 3.7 2.5 5.4 9.5 12.0Brazil Mt 2.6 2.0 1.8 0.1 1.7 1.1 0.6Canada Mt 16.2 17.5 19.6 23.5 23.9 21.7 20.3Mexico Mt 0.8 1.0 0.9 1.4 1.2 1.7 1.2United States Mt 35.1 28.6 27.5 32.0 23.5 21.2 28.7

European Union b Mt 23.9 17.4 23.5 32.3 35.7 35.1 27.8Russian Federation Mt 4.0 21.6 11.2 18.6 22.4 25.4 27.8Ukraine 4.3 5.4 7.1 9.6 11.2 17.4 18.0

India Mt 0.0 0.9 6.8 6.0 3.4 0.9 0.4Kazakhstan Mt 5.6 11.1 7.2 8.4 5.7 7.4 7.4Turkey Mt 3.0 3.9 3.7 4.8 4.7 6.2 6.8

Australia Mt 18.6 24.7 18.6 18.6 16.6 16.1 22.6World c Mt 126 145 141 157 153 166 176

Oceania

a Fiscal year for imports data, local marketing years for exports data. Includes wheat equivalent of flour and durum semolina. b Regarded as 28 countries. Excludes intra-EU trade. c Excludes intra-EU trade. Aggregation of local marketing years.Sources: Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra; International Grains Council, London; US Department of Agriculture, Washington DC

Imports

Exports

Africa

Americas

Asia

Europe

Middle East

Americas

Europe

Asia

TABLE 21.7 Volume of world wheat trade, by country a

210

Wheat


Unit 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17

planted million ha 21.3 22.0 22.4 22.8 23.0 22.3 20.3harvested million ha 19.0 18.5 19.7 18.3 18.8 19.1 17.7

Yield t/ha 3.1 2.9 3.1 3.2 2.9 2.9 3.5Opening stocks Mt 26.6 23.5 20.2 19.5 16.1 20.5 26.6Production Mt 58.9 54.2 61.3 58.1 55.1 56.1 62.8Imports Mt 2.6 3.1 3.3 4.7 4.1 3.1 3.2Total supply Mt 88.1 80.8 84.8 82.3 75.3 79.7 92.6Domestic use Mt 29.4 32.0 37.8 34.3 31.3 31.9 31.8

food Mt 25.2 25.6 25.2 25.4 25.5 25.5 25.4feed Mt 2.3 4.3 9.9 6.2 3.1 4.1 4.3seed Mt 1.9 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.2 1.8 1.7

Exports Mt 35.1 28.6 27.5 32.0 23.5 21.2 28.7Total use Mt 64.6 60.6 65.4 66.3 54.9 53.1 60.5Closing stocks Mt 23.5 20.2 19.5 16.1 20.5 26.6 32.1Farm price US$/t 209 266 285 252 220 180 143Export price b US$/t 317 299 348 317 266 211 197a June–May year. b US no. 2 hard red winter, fob Gulf, July–June average. Sources: International Grains Council, London; US Department of Agriculture, Washington DC

Area

TABLE 21.8 US wheat supply and disposal a

211

Wheat


Australian Canadian

standard no. 1 US no. 2 US no. 2

white western red hard red Argentinean EU soft red

(eastern spring 12.5% winter bread standard winter

states) b (Vancouver) c (Gulf) wheat (Rouen) (Gulf)

US$/t US$/t US$/t US$/t US$/t US$/t1991–92 160 188 151 118 119 1471992–93 157 193 141 124 133 1421993–94 153 222 142 118 95.6 1341994–95 174 209 156 133 128 1471995–96 232 255 215 216 212 1801996–97 207 217 179 153 170 1591997–98 167 197 142 134 134 1311998–99 147 184 119 117 101 1021999–2000 136 179 113 112 100 99.32000–01 154 184 129 125 109 1032001–02 157 149 127 115 111 1162002–03 186 195 161 145 114 1402003–04 184 183 160 154 168 1522004–05 176 191 154 123 137 1422005–06 195 207 176 135 133 1422006–07 232 234 212 188 197 1812007–08 302 461 360 326 358 3282008–09 226 341 271 233 212 2102009–10 202 275 209 223 179 1902010–11 280 413 317 313 322 2992011–12 249 405 299 263 276 2632012–13 327 360 348 336 329 3472013–14 282 325 317 336 273 2752014–15 252 283 266 254 216 2382015–16 220 230 211 207 180 2032016–17 190 220 197 190 185 183a All prices quoted free on board. b The average prices for 2007–08 and 2008–09 do not include prices from October 2007 to October 2008, which are unavailable. c The average prices for 2011–12 and 2012–13 do not include prices from May 2012 to January 2013, which are unavailable. The average price for 2013–14 does not include prices from December 2013 to May 2014, which are unavailable. Prior to October 1994 export price quotation for Canadian no. 1 western red spring wheat 13.5 per cent (Vancouver).Sources: ABARES; International Grains Council, London

TABLE 21.9 Wheat export price quotation, by country and category a

212

Wheat


Domestic Closing

Area Yield Production use Exports b stocks


2010–11 4.5 3.5 15.9 4.4 9.6 3.62011–12 4.5 3.2 14.5 4.4 13.0 0.72012–13 3.0 2.7 8.0 4.9 3.7 0.12013–14 3.5 2.7 9.2 5.2 2.5 1.62014–15 5.0 2.8 13.9 5.7 5.4 4.42015–16 3.9 2.9 11.3 5.7 9.5 0.52016–17 5.3 3.3 17.6 6.1 12.0 0.2

2010–11 13.5 2.0 27.4 5.7 18.6 9.02011–12 13.9 2.2 29.9 6.3 24.7 7.92012–13 13.0 1.8 22.9 6.5 18.6 5.72013–14 12.6 2.0 25.3 6.8 18.6 5.62014–15 12.4 1.9 23.7 7.2 16.6 5.62015–16 11.3 2.0 22.3 7.3 16.1 4.62016–17 s 12.8 2.7 35.0 8.2 22.6 8.7

2010–11 8.3 2.8 23.3 7.5 16.2 7.42011–12 8.6 3.0 25.3 9.4 17.5 5.92012–13 9.5 2.9 27.2 8.6 19.6 5.02013–14 10.4 3.6 37.5 8.8 23.5 10.42014–15 9.5 3.1 29.4 8.9 23.9 7.12015–16 9.6 2.9 27.6 7.9 21.7 5.22016–17 8.9 3.6 31.7 10.2 20.3 6.9

2010–11 25.9 5.3 137 123 23.9 5.52011–12 26.0 5.3 137 127 17.4 5.72012–13 25.3 5.2 132 116 23.5 3.32013–14 25.7 5.6 143 114 32.3 10.32014–15 26.7 5.8 156 125 35.7 12.52015–16 26.8 6.0 160 129 35.1 15.92016–17 26.8 5.4 144 126 27.8 13.0

2010–11 14.3 0.7 9.6 6.0 5.6 1.52011–12 13.8 1.6 22.7 7.3 11.1 5.92012–13 12.4 0.8 9.8 6.5 7.2 2.12013–14 13.0 1.1 13.9 6.0 8.4 1.72014–15 12.0 1.1 13.0 6.8 5.7 2.62015–16 11.6 1.2 13.8 6.5 7.4 2.52016–17 12.4 1.2 15.0 7.0 7.4 3.4

Continued

Argentina (December–November)

Australia (October–September)

Canada (August–July)

European Union (July–June) c

Kazakhstan (July–June)

TABLE 21.10 Wheat supply and disposal in major exporting countries a

213

Wheat


Domestic Closing

Area Yield Production use Exports b stocks


2010–11 21.8 1.9 41.5 38.3 4.0 13.92011–12 24.9 2.3 56.2 38.0 21.6 11.02012–13 21.3 1.8 37.7 31.6 11.2 7.32013–14 23.4 2.2 52.1 35.8 18.6 6.12014–15 23.7 2.5 59.1 36.6 22.4 6.62015–16 25.6 2.4 61.0 37.1 25.4 5.82016–17 27.0 2.7 72.5 40.0 27.8 11.0

2010–11 6.3 2.7 16.8 11.4 4.3 3.52011–12 6.7 3.4 22.3 14.8 5.4 5.72012–13 5.6 2.8 15.8 11.4 7.1 3.02013–14 6.6 3.4 22.3 11.9 9.6 3.92014–15 6.3 3.9 24.7 11.9 11.2 5.52015–16 7.1 3.8 27.3 11.8 17.4 3.52016–17 6.5 4.1 26.8 10.3 18.0 2.0

2010–11 19.0 3.1 58.9 29.4 35.1 23.52011–12 18.5 2.9 54.2 32.0 28.6 20.22012–13 19.7 3.1 61.3 37.8 27.5 19.52013–14 18.3 3.2 58.1 34.3 32.0 16.12014–15 18.8 2.9 55.1 31.3 23.5 20.52015–16 19.1 2.9 56.1 31.9 21.2 26.62016–17 17.7 3.5 62.8 31.8 28.7 32.1

2010–11 113 2.9 330 226 117 67.92011–12 117 3.1 363 239 139 63.02012–13 110 2.9 314 223 118 46.12013–14 113 3.2 362 222 145 55.62014–15 114 3.3 375 233 144 64.82015–16 115 3.3 379 237 154 64.82016–17 117 3.5 406 240 165 78.6a The crop year for each country is shown in parentheses. b Includes wheat equivalent of flour and durum semolina. c Regarded as 28 countries. Excludes intra-EU trade. European Union stock figures include intervention stocks. d Aggregation of different crop years. s ABARES estimate.Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Agricultural Commodities, Australia, cat. no. 7121.0, Canberra; ABS, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra; International Grains Council, London; US Department of Agriculture, Washington DC

Russian Federation (July–June)

Ukraine (July–June)

United States (June–May)

World d

TABLE 21.10 Wheat supply and disposal in major exporting countries a continued

214

Wine


Bearing area a Red White Total Crush b Cool climate Warm climate

’000 ha kt kt kt kt A$/t A$/t1991–92 56.4 175 388 564 636 na na1992–93 58.4 157 388 544 626 na na1993–94 61.4 197 464 661 777 na na1994–95 62.5 193 382 577 630 na na1995–96 64.8 246 516 782 883 na na1996–97 72.1 252 484 743 798 na na1997–98 78.1 335 536 871 976 na na1998–99 95.3 450 626 1,076 1,126 1,353 6401999–2000 111 534 577 1,111 1,145 1,333 5642000–01 131 773 618 1,391 1,424 1,448 5882001–02 143 848 667 1,515 1,606 1,405 6002002–03 143 773 557 1,330 1,399 1,429 5602003–04 151 1,063 753 1,817 1,917 1,246 5362004–05 153 1,010 808 1,818 1,925 1,132 4742005–06 158 980 801 1,782 1,902 1,011 3792006–07 164 669 702 1,371 1,397 1,156 3892007–08 166 984 853 1,837 1,832 1,243 5462008–09 157 888 796 1,684 1,733 1,011 3692009–10 152 845 688 1,533 1,603 959 2982010–11 155 na na 1,598 1,639 874 2852011–12 145 806 776 1,582 1,665 978 3392012–13 133 na na 1,642 1,823 1,156 3512013–14 127 na na 1,438 1,674 1,140 3002014–15 132 844 764 1,608 1,712 1,148 2892015–16 130 na na 1,752 1,845 1,202 3132016–17 s 134 na na 1,835 1,930 1,232 345a From 2008–09 bearing area refers to wine grapes only. Prior to this, bearing area refers to all grapes, including grapes used for winemaking and other purposes such as drying and table. b Includes multipurpose grapes. c Australian weighted average wine grape prices. s ABARES estimate Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Australian Wine and Grape Industry, cat. no. 1329, Canberra; ABS, Vineyards Estimates, Australia, cat. no. 1329.0.55.002, Canberra; Wine Australia, Australian Winegrape Price Dispersion Report, Adelaide; Winemakers' Federation of Australia, Vintage Report , Adelaide

Production Prices c

TABLE 22.1 Summary of Australian statistics for wine grapes

215

Wine


Total per person

ML L ML $m ML $m1990–91 296 17.1 54.4 182 9.0 46.81991–92 315 18.0 78.9 245 8.7 45.61992–93 312 17.7 103 295 7.8 47.01993–94 320 17.9 126 370 8.4 47.81994–95 313 17.4 114 388 14.1 61.31995–96 309 17.0 130 476 20.3 60.61996–97 334 18.1 155 605 13.6 66.61997–98 339 18.2 193 877 25.8 93.61998–99 348 18.5 217 1,070 24.3 1031999–2000 369 19.4 285 1,375 19.6 1142000–01 385 20.0 339 1,756 12.8 92.42001–02 386 19.8 419 2,109 14.5 1162002–03 402 20.4 519 2,428 17.1 1392003–04 417 20.9 585 2,497 18.9 1582004–05 430 21.3 670 2,721 23.2 2002005–06 432 21.1 723 2,768 27.5 2482006–07 456 21.9 788 2,894 35.9 3342007–08 440 20.7 716 2,700 54.7 4542008–09 450 20.7 753 2,493 63.5 5022009–10 471 21.4 790 2,188 65.5 4772010–11 464 20.8 748 2,009 68.5 4902011–12 457 20.1 737 1,910 84.1 5542012–13 453 19.6 717 1,867 86.2 6022013–14 458 19.5 717 1,847 85.5 6782014–15 465 19.5 745 1,983 92.1 6912015–16 474 19.6 727 2,184 91.6 7522016–17 485 19.7 789 2,366 96.7 748Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra; ABS, Shipments of Wine and Brandy in Australia by Australian Winemakers and Importers, cat. no. 8504.0, Canberra (publication discontinued in 2014)

Domestic sales of Australian wine Exports Imports

TABLE 22.2 Summary of Australian statistics for wine

216

Wine


Unit 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17

Table wine ML 728 717 700 702 727 710 764Red ML 452 436 413 408 423 429 475White ML 276 281 287 294 304 281 289Other ML 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Sparkling wine ML 15.8 15.0 14.5 12.5 11.2 12.3 10.6Fortified wine ML 2.0 1.8 1.5 1.7 3.4 3.0 2.1Other wine ML 2.3 2.3 1.1 0.8 3.2 2.1 12.4Total ML 748 737 717 717 745 727 789

Canada $m 206 180 173 173 178 199 185China $m 178 209 241 202 269 416 595Denmark $m 32.0 30.2 29.6 25.1 25.0 23.2 22.5Germany $m 36.4 26.4 23.8 23.2 24.8 27.3 32.8Hong Kong $m 66.3 78.9 84.1 100 136 142 141Italy $m 0.7 0.6 0.9 10.3 26.3 20.2 19.6Japan $m 43.9 45.3 42.2 41.5 43.8 45.6 47.0Malaysia $m 29.7 29.6 27.8 37.4 42.2 49.5 50.9Netherlands $m 67.7 72.0 70.4 62.8 65.5 54.3 62.7New Zealand $m 73.9 68.9 77.0 77.6 77.9 83.1 81.3Singapore $m 49.4 51.2 44.1 52.6 63.7 63.8 72.4Sweden $m 32.3 31.1 24.2 21.2 18.9 22.3 21.5United Kingdom $m 465 408 383 388 374 371 339United States $m 524 493 483 472 463 477 479Other $m 205 187 162 161 175 190 217World $m 2,009 1,910 1,867 1,847 1,983 2,184 2,366Unit value $/L 2.69 2.59 2.60 2.58 2.66 3.00 3.00Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra

Type

Major destination

TABLE 22.3 Australian wine exports, by type and major destination

217

Wine


Unit 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17

Table wine ML 57.4 71.7 72.0 71.1 77.3 75.0 80.4Red ML 11.1 14.0 15.9 15.9 17.0 19.1 18.3White ML 46.2 54.6 40.7 42.6 39.3 38.1 37.4Other ML 0.0 3.1 15.4 12.6 21.0 17.7 24.6

Sparkling wine ML 9.9 11.2 13.2 13.2 13.7 15.5 15.1Fortified wine a ML 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Other wine ML 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.3Total ML 68.5 84.1 86.2 85.5 92.1 91.6 96.7

Argentina $m 1.4 2.2 2.6 3.6 4.8 8.2 5.2Austria $m 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.1 0.9 1.0Chile $m 3.2 4.5 3.9 4.4 5.6 6.0 4.5France $m 161 182 213 239 243 286 259Germany $m 3.5 3.4 5.8 4.4 5.7 5.6 6.6Greece $m 0.6 1.0 0.9 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.7Italy $m 32.6 34.8 42.7 52.9 58.8 72.8 71.9New Zealand $m 264 302 302 339 338 331 353Portugal $m 2.7 2.5 3.4 3.5 3.2 3.5 4.3Singapore $m 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 2.7 10.5South Africa $m 4.4 3.2 5.4 2.9 1.8 1.2 1.2Spain $m 8.3 8.8 12.2 16.3 17.6 21.2 17.2United Kingdom $m 1.3 1.6 1.7 1.0 1.8 1.2 1.1United States $m 1.4 2.4 3.4 2.8 4.0 5.0 4.3Other $m 4.9 5.2 4.6 5.8 3.9 5.3 5.8World $m 490 554 602 678 691 752 748Unit value $/L 7.15 6.59 6.99 7.93 7.50 8.21 7.73a Commencing 1 January 2012, imports of fortified wine are included in Other wine.Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra

Type

Major source

TABLE 22.4 Australian wine imports, by type and major source

218

Wine


2009–10 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14

ML ML ML ML MLTable wine 396 392 389 385 388

Red 176 173 173 175 173White 219 219 216 210 215

Sparkling wine 40.1 35.4 35.7 35.8 35.1Bottle fermented 19.9 19.7 18.4 17.7 19.1Bulk fermented 20.3 15.7 17.3 18.2 16.0

Carbonated wine 14.0 13.6 12.4 12.4 16.1Total unfortified wine 450 441 437 433 439Total fortified wine 16.3 17.5 15.7 14.7 14.1Vermouth and other wine 4.4 5.0 4.7 5.2 5.0Total domestic sales 471 464 457 453 458Total wine sales b 536 532 541 539 543a Covers wine produced by winemakers with sales of 250,000 litres or more in the previous financial year. b Includes imports.Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Shipments of Wine and Brandy in Australia by Australian Winemakers and Importers, cat. no. 8504.0, Canberra (publication discontinued in 2014)

TABLE 22.5 Australian domestic wine sales, by type a

219

Wine


Consumer

Beer Wine Spirits price index

1986–87 35.7 53.6 33.8 44.71987–88 39.0 56.9 36.8 48.01988–89 39.7 61.4 40.0 51.51989–90 42.2 64.0 43.8 55.71990–91 45.6 64.6 48.4 58.61991–92 47.2 66.4 51.4 59.71992–93 48.6 67.6 52.2 60.31993–94 50.2 70.6 53.6 61.41994–95 51.7 74.2 55.4 63.41995–96 54.5 78.1 56.9 66.11996–97 56.0 79.5 59.0 67.01997–98 56.4 82.3 58.8 67.01998–99 57.3 83.4 59.8 67.81999–2000 58.5 83.6 60.7 69.42000–01 63.7 88.2 64.5 73.62001–02 65.4 90.7 66.5 75.72002–03 67.5 91.5 67.9 78.02003–04 71.8 92.8 70.0 79.92004–05 75.0 94.7 71.8 81.82005–06 78.5 95.5 73.8 84.42006–07 81.7 95.0 77.1 86.92007–08 86.1 96.3 81.3 89.82008–09 89.9 97.9 91.6 92.62009–10 94.9 98.6 95.5 94.82010–11 97.7 99.8 97.8 97.72011–12 100 100 100 1002012–13 102 102 103 1022013–14 105 105 107 1052014–15 108 105 108 1072015–16 112 103 110 1082016–17 115 101 111 110a Weighted average for eight capital cities; Base 2011–12 = 100.Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Consumer Price Index, Australia, cat. no. 6401.0, Canberra

TABLE 22.6 Retail price indexes for alcoholic beverages a

220

Wool


Sheep Clean Eastern market Auction

numbers ab Shorn Total yield ac (at 30 June) d indicator (clean) e (greasy)

million kt kt % ’000 bales kt c/kg c/kg1973–74 145 644 701 60.3 177 26.0 361 1811974–75 152 725 793 62.3 1,616 239 253 1271975–76 148 681 754 62.5 1,327 197 272 1431976–77 135 624 703 61.8 1,094 163 348 1831977–78 131 605 677 62.3 897 138 355 1871978–79 134 644 706 62.9 354 55.8 392 2051979–80 136 642 709 62.9 209 33.2 462 2441980–81 134 638 701 62.8 188 30.3 479 2561981–82 138 661 717 63.0 509 81.5 502 2651982–83 131 581 642 62.3 928 150 516 2701983–84 135 615 671 63.2 1,234 207 540 2941984–85 146 691 753 64.2 980 168 586 3181985–86 150 694 762 64.3 924 159 595 3421986–87 149 741 814 64.4 382 65.7 697 3951987–88 152 771 843 64.9 9.2 1.5 1,117 6331988–89 162 839 899 65.3 188 31.8 1,092 6471989–90 170 960 1,031 65.8 3,065 542 969 5551990–91 163 912 989 65.6 4,607 820 700 4141991–92 148 801 874 65.1 4,069 724 593 3591992–93 138 815 869 66.0 3,950 703 519 3141993–94 133 775 828 65.8 3,667 653 547 3301994–95 121 682 731 64.6 3,114 557 788 5041995–96 121 655 699 65.7 2,374 423 658 3871996–97 120 661 707 65.9 2,557 452 670 4031997–98 117 633 683 65.6 2,173 384 733 4441998–99 115 665 712 65.5 2,104 376 550 3231999–2000 119 619 643 65.6 1,476 263 627 3572000–01 111 602 657 65.8 797 141 764 5122001–02 106 555 605 66.1 430 81.0 841 5272002–03 99.3 499 547 64.2 124 105 1,049 6802003–04 101 475 516 64.2 708 156 820 5282004–05 101 475 529 63.9 888 157 767 4922005–06 91.0 473 520 64.1 897 158 713 4572006–07 85.7 450 502 62.9 na na 864 5442007–08 76.9 408 459 62.6 na na 945 5782008–09 72.7 371 420 62.8 na na 794 4882009–10 68.1 353 422 63.2 na na 872 5382010–11 73.1 345 406 64.9 na na 1,132 7132011–12 74.7 342 404 65.5 na na 1,203 7882012–13 75.5 352 427 65.1 na na 1,035 6742013–14 72.6 341 419 64.9 na na 1,070 6952014–15 70.9 346 427 64.9 na na 1,098 7182015–16 67.5 325 404 64.4 na na 1,256 8072016–17 70.4 340 414 65.1 na na 1,415 911a Sheep and lambs. b Details for establishments with estimated value of agricultural operations (EVAO) of $1,500 or more until 1980–81; $2,500 or more from 1981–82 to 1985–86; EVAO of $20,000 or more from 1986–87 to 1990–91; EVAO of $22,500 or more from 1991–92 to 1992–93; EVAO of $5,000 or more from 1993–94 to 2014–15; and EVAO of $40,000 from 2015–16. c July–June years. d Australian wool held by the Australian Wool Corporation from 1972–73 to 1990–91 and by the Australian Wool Realisation Commission from 1 July 1991 to December 1993. From July 1993 to 2004, includes stocks held on farms and unsold wool held in brokers’ stores. From 2005, stocks held on farms is unavailable therefore the value is derived. e Wool International eastern market indicator from 1973–74 to 1994–95. Australian Wool Exchange eastern market indicator from 1995–96 onward. (Original market indicators for 1991–92 to 1993–94 can be calculated by dividing by 1.064. For the years between 1983–84 and 1990–91, divide by 1.114. For 1982–83 and earlier years, divide by 1.136). Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Historical Selected Agricultural Commodities, by State (1861-present), Australia, cat. no. 7124.0, Canberra; ABS, Livestock Products, Australia, cat. no. 7215.0, Canberra; Australian Wool Exchange, Melbourne; Australian Wool Innovation Wool Production Forecasting Committee; Australian Wool Testing Authority, Key Test Data Summary, Melbourne; National Council of Wool Selling Brokers of Australia, Statistics, Melbourne

Wool production

(greasy) c Closing stocks

Average price

TABLE 23.1 Summary of Australian statistics for wool

221

Wool


New South Western


2006–07 million 36.3 24.2 5.2 13.7 27.3 3.5 1012007–08 million 31.2 20.6 4.6 12.3 22.9 3.0 90.22008–09 million 29.8 19.2 4.4 9.8 20.4 2.7 79.32009–10 million 28.6 19.2 4.1 9.8 18.4 2.7 76.22010–11 million 29.5 19.5 4.2 11.4 18.4 2.8 76.22011–12 million 29.7 19.9 3.7 11.2 15.7 2.9 76.42012–13 million 29.3 19.0 3.7 11.2 15.8 2.7 78.82013–14 million 28.4 17.8 2.9 10.7 15.6 2.6 78.02014–15 million 28.0 17.3 2.6 11.1 15.1 2.9 76.92015–16 million 27.0 16.4 2.0 10.9 14.6 2.6 73.42016–17 s million 27.1 16.0 2.1 11.0 14.3 2.6 74.3

2006–07 kg 4.0 3.8 4.3 4.8 4.0 3.6 4.22007–08 kg 4.5 4.1 4.2 4.9 4.1 3.4 4.42008–09 kg 4.3 4.2 4.1 5.0 4.3 3.3 4.62009–10 kg 4.4 4.0 4.1 4.9 4.2 3.6 4.52010–11 kg 4.5 4.3 3.7 4.6 4.1 3.7 4.52011–12 kg 4.2 4.0 3.8 4.8 4.1 3.6 4.52012–13 kg 4.5 4.1 4.0 4.9 4.5 3.9 4.52013–14 kg 4.4 4.0 3.7 4.9 4.6 3.9 4.42014–15 kg 4.6 4.2 3.6 5.1 4.4 3.7 4.52015–16 kg 4.6 4.0 3.5 5.1 4.5 3.5 4.42016–17 s kg 4.7 4.2 4.1 5.3 5.0 3.6 4.6

2006–07 kt 147 93.2 22.0 66.0 110 12.6 4502007–08 kt 141 83.6 19.4 60.2 93.8 10.2 4082008–09 kt 128 79.7 18.4 49.0 86.8 9.0 3712009–10 kt 125 76.2 16.6 48.4 77.2 9.9 3532010–11 kt 132 83.3 15.4 52.6 74.9 10.4 3452011–12 kt 125 80.1 14.0 54.2 65.1 10.5 3422012–13 kt 131 78.1 14.9 54.9 71.0 10.5 3522013–14 kt 125 70.5 10.8 52.0 71.8 10.2 3412014–15 kt 130 72.6 9.1 56.5 67.2 10.8 3462015–16 kt 123 66.1 6.9 54.8 65.2 9.1 3252016–17 s kt 126 67.4 8.5 57.9 71.1 9.2 340

2006–07 % 62.6 64.2 61.0 61.7 61.5 69.6 62.92007–08 % 62.9 64.1 61.4 60.9 60.6 68.4 62.62008–09 % 63.2 63.7 62.6 60.5 61.7 67.2 62.82009–10 % 63.6 64.4 63.5 61.4 61.0 68.7 63.22010–11 % 65.5 66.8 63.5 63.4 61.0 70.4 64.92011–12 % 66.5 67.2 64.2 64.0 61.1 71.7 65.52012–13 % 66.9 66.2 65.0 62.9 61.0 71.1 65.12013–14 % 65.9 65.9 64.3 63.0 61.9 71.1 64.92014–15 % 65.5 66.3 62.9 63.5 61.7 71.0 64.92015–16 % 65.1 65.2 63.2 62.5 62.6 70.2 64.42016–17 s % 65.5 66.0 61.8 62.9 64.1 70.4 65.1a Includes the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory. s ABARES estimate.Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics, Livestock Products, Australia, cat. no. 7215.0, Canberra; Australian Wool Innovation Wool Production Forecasting Committee; Australian Wool Testing Authority, Key Test Data Summary, Melbourne

Number of sheep shorn

Average cut per head (greasy)

Shorn wool production (greasy)

Clean yield

TABLE 23.2 Australian shorn wool production, by state

222

Wool


Unit 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17 s

Opening number a million 70.8 73.1 74.7 75.5 72.6 70.9 67.5Lambs marked million 33.3 35.4 31.0 31.7 31.9 31.9 33.1Lambs slaughtered b million 17.9 18.9 21.1 21.9 22.9 23.1 22.3Sheep slaughtered b million 5.3 5.2 8.2 10.1 9.0 8.1 6.6Live sheep exports million 2.9 2.6 2.0 2.0 2.2 1.9 1.9Closing number c million 73.1 74.7 75.5 72.6 70.9 67.5 70.4

Number shorn million 76.2 76.4 78.8 78.0 76.9 73.4 74.3Cut per head kg 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.4 4.6

shorn kt 345 342 352 341 346 325 340on skins kt 60.8 62.4 74.6 78.5 81.2 79.2 73.4total kt 406 404 427 419 427 404 414clean yield % 64.9 65.5 65.1 64.9 64.9 64.4 65.1

a Sheep and lambs at 1 July on enterprises with estimated value of agricultural operations (EVAO) of $5,000 or more prior to 2015–2016, and EVAO of $40,000 or more from 2015–2016 (inclusive). b For human consumption only. c Sheep and lambs at 30 June on enterprises with an EVAO of $5,000 or more prior to 2015–2016, and EVAO of $40,000 or more from 2015–2016 (inclusive). s ABARES estimate.Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Agricultural Commodities, Australia, cat. no. 7121.0, Canberra; ABS, Livestock Products, Australia, cat. no. 7215.0, Canberra; Australian Wool Innovation Wool Production Forecasting Committe; Australian Wool Testing Authority, Key Test Data Summary, Melbourne

Sheep disposal

Wool production

Wool production (greasy)

TABLE 23.3 Australian sheep disposal and wool production

223

Wool


Australia a New Zealand ab South Africa ac

c/kg c/kg c/kg1974–75 253 na na1975–76 272 180 na1976–77 348 na na1977–78 355 na na1978–79 392 na na1979–80 462 na na1980–81 479 280 na1981–82 502 na na1982–83 516 na na1983–84 540 288 na1984–85 586 315 na1985–86 595 359 na1986–87 697 452 na1987–88 1,117 539 na1988–89 1,092 529 na1989–90 969 472 na1990–91 700 324 na1991–92 593 317 na1992–93 519 332 4951993–94 547 338 5021994–95 788 474 7621995–96 658 437 5961996–97 670 396 6331997–98 733 393 6711998–99 550 345 4721999–2000 627 353 4892000–01 764 411 5622001–02 841 418 6292002–03 1,049 492 8212003–04 820 415 6312004–05 767 376 5522005–06 713 328 5212006–07 864 324 6472007–08 945 324 9492008–09 794 313 7282009–10 872 284 8982010–11 1,132 420 1,0522011–12 1,203 463 1,2402012–13 1,035 380 1,1362013–14 1,070 475 1,1932014–15 1,098 528 1,0462015–16 1,256 580 1,3512016–17 1,415 468 1,473a Annual average prices for July–June years, converted to Australian cents using average exchange rates. b Average weighted price of private and auction sales. c South Africa market indicator price. Sources: Australian Wool Exchange, Melbourne; Beef + Lamb New Zealand Economics Service, Wellington; Cape Wools, Port Elizabeth; International Wool Textile Organisation, Market Information, London; Reserve Bank of Australia

TABLE 23.4 Average prices for clean wool in principal exporting countries

224

Wool


United States Taiwan Taiwan

polyester price a polyester price bc acrylic price bd

USc/lb USc/lb USc/lb

1982–83 73.0 0.0 77.01983–84 78.0 0.0 79.01984–85 72.0 0.0 80.01985–86 64.0 0.0 82.01986–87 62.0 na 83.01987–88 70.0 55.1 82.81988–89 79.0 75.4 77.01989–90 88.0 61.9 72.71990–91 77.0 50.5 70.81991–92 73.0 46.9 77.01992–93 73.0 47.1 74.71993–94 72.0 55.1 68.11994–95 81.7 76.9 93.21995–96 88.0 71.6 88.01996–97 72.0 57.2 78.01997–98 69.0 43.7 70.01998–99 53.0 35.3 54.01999–2000 54.0 43.1 57.02000–01 59.8 41.0 59.02001–02 60.3 37.8 54.02002–03 62.2 42.0 na2003–04 60.1 44.6 na2004–05 66.3 50.8 na2005–06 66.6 55.2 na2006–07 73.2 58.8 na2007–08 74.0 71.8 na2008–09 82.7 62.0 na2009–10 85.8 63.3 na2010–11 97.8 85.5 na2011–12 121 84.3 na2012–13 119 77.0 na2013–14 114 66.1 na2014–15 100 59.3 na2015–16 87.9 na na2016–17 na na naa Prior to 2008–09, reported average market price for 1.5 denier polyester staple for cotton blending, landed group B mill points fob producing plants. From 2008–09 price for polyester reported by Cotlook Ltd. Simple averages of weekly prices. b Simple averages of monthly prices. c Taiwan staple, 1.5 denier. d Taiwan staple, 3 denier. Sources: Cotlook Ltd, Cotton Outlook, Liverpool; Osaka Senken Ltd, JTN Weekly, Osaka; US Department of Agriculture, Cotton and Wool, Situation and Outlook Report, Washington DC

TABLE 23.5 Average world prices for synthetic fi bres

225

Wool


Unit 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17

China kt (gr. eq.) 325 306 341 324 352 316 336

Czech Republic kt (gr. eq.) 14.8 12.8 14.1 14.8 16.5 15.0 14.7Germany kt (gr. eq.) 1.3 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.5 2.0 1.3Italy kt (gr. eq.) 20.7 16.5 15.4 15.4 14.9 14.9 14.7United Kingdom kt (gr. eq.) 1.9 2.3 1.7 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.3Other kt (gr. eq.) 1.1 0.7 1.1 1.2 1.6 1.8 2.1Total kt (gr. eq.) 39.7 34.0 33.8 34.8 36.2 35.2 34.2

India kt (gr. eq.) 29.1 24.0 21.7 25.4 23.7 24.7 23.1Japan kt (gr. eq.) 4.7 4.4 4.2 2.1 2.6 2.6 1.5Korea, Rep. of kt (gr. eq.) 6.9 7.4 7.9 9.8 12.0 15.7 13.2Malaysia kt (gr. eq.) 4.2 4.8 4.5 7.3 8.4 4.7 2.3Taiwan kt (gr. eq.) 9.2 7.4 4.2 2.9 3.3 2.8 2.7Thailand kt (gr. eq.) 5.6 1.0 0.9 3.3 3.8 2.2 2.7Turkey kt (gr. eq.) 2.6 3.4 2.6 2.1 2.0 1.3 1.5United States kt (gr. eq.) 2.2 1.6 1.6 1.1 1.3 1.2 0.7Other kt (gr. eq.) 18.1 16.1 19.0 22.6 21.3 15.3 13.5World kt (gr. eq.) 444 405 437 428 459 417 429

China $m 2,235 2,319 2,200 2,109 2,354 2,417 2,769

Czech Republic $m 86.9 90.8 89.0 104 122 120 117Germany $m 6.5 12.1 10.0 9.2 11.7 16.6 8.4Italy $m 178 179 139 151 144 160 185United Kingdom $m 9.4 16.1 10.0 14.6 11.2 12.4 10.0Other $m 6.6 5.4 5.8 6.5 8.1 9.9 12.1Total $m 287 303 254 285 298 319 333

India $m 209 197 155 188 184 216 224Japan $m 33.4 39.3 30.4 12.5 16.2 22.2 12.7Korea, Rep. of $m 36.3 43.2 43.5 61.1 81.3 127 108Malaysia $m 24.0 32.7 32.3 59.1 64.7 39.5 18.5Taiwan $m 63.0 62.4 29.5 21.2 25.4 22.9 20.8Thailand $m 42.9 10.7 7.9 27.6 31.4 20.4 32.1Turkey $m 14.9 23.7 11.6 11.1 9.8 8.0 7.0United States $m 14.2 10.7 8.9 6.6 9.5 11.6 4.9Other $m 110 114 128 157 143 117 104World $m 3,047 3,124 2,869 2,879 3,152 3,281 3,615a Includes skins and hides. b Regarded as 28 countries. Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra

European Union b

Value

European Union b

Volume

TABLE 23.6 Australian wool exports, by destination, recorded trade basis a

226

Wool


Unit 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17

Greasy kt (gr. eq.) 335 301 316 295 325 296 313Semi-processed kt (gr. eq.) 43.9 36.7 34.4 35.2 41.4 34.8 30.9Scoured kt (gr. eq.) 21.4 17.3 16.5 16.0 19.9 9.8 9.8

Carbonised kt (gr. eq.) 19.2 18.8 17.9 19.1 21.4 24.9 20.6Tops and sliver kt (gr. eq.) 3.0 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.5Noils and waste kt (gr. eq.) 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1

Skins kt (gr. eq.) 64.6 67.3 86.4 97.1 92.5 86.0 85.3World kt (gr. eq.) 444 405 437 428 459 417 429

Greasy $m 2,370 2,449 2,261 2,214 2,495 2,588 3,011Semi-processed $m 251 242 209 238 282 281 248

Scoured $m 137 133 115 121 140 80.9 83.0Carbonised $m 97.3 108 94.0 116 142 200 162Tops and sliver $m 15.1 1.3 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.1 3.1Noils and waste $m 1.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1

Skins $m 426 433 398 426 375 412 355World $m 3,047 3,124 2,869 2,879 3,152 3,281 3,615Sources: ABARES; Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra

Volume

Value

TABLE 23.7 Australian wool exports, by type

227

Wool


Unit 2009–10 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16

Afghanistan kt 14.7 14.9 17.5 15.8 15.2 14.5 na

Algeria kt 23.0 25.9 27.0 27.0 27.7 27.9 na

Argentina kt 54.0 44.0 42.0 45.0 44.0 na na

Australia kt 406 404 427 419 427 404 414

Chile kt 11.4 7.8 8.0 6.8 6.9 6.9 na

China a kt 387 393 400 411 420 427 na

Ethiopia kt 7.3 8.0 7.8 7.8 8.0 8.0 na

France kt 8.7 14.0 14.5 14.0 14.0 14.0 na

Greece kt 7.4 7.6 11.0 10.4 7.9 7.9 na

India kt 40.0 43.0 45.5 46.5 48.0 48.2 na

Iran kt 74.7 67.5 61.5 61.5 61.8 61.9 na

Ireland kt 13.8 14.0 14.5 14.5 14.7 14.8 na

Mongolia kt 21.0 18.8 21.8 24.0 27.9 29.9 na

Morocco kt 55.0 55.3 56.0 56.0 56.3 56.4 na

New Zealand kt 173 165 170 159 153 151 139

Pakistan kt 41.5 42.5 43.0 43.6 43.6 43.7 na

Peru kt 10.4 8.7 8.0 8.0 10.0 10.3 na

Romania kt 18.0 17.6 18.6 18.6 18.3 18.2 na

Russian Federation kt 173 200 204 207 210 212 na

Azerbaijan kt 15.3 16.2 16.5 16.8 17.1 17.4 na

Kazakhstan kt 35.2 38.5 39.5 37.6 37.3 36.7 na

Kyrgyzstan kt 11.0 11.1 10.8 11.6 11.7 12.2 na

Russia kt 53.5 52.6 55.3 54.7 56.2 56.4 na

Turkmenistan kt 18.2 38.0 39.0 38.0 38.0 38.0 na

Uzbekistan kt 23.8 28.7 27.5 32.4 34.4 36.0 na

Other CIS kt 15.6 15.4 15.1 15.6 15.6 15.8 na

South Africa b kt 41.2 44.1 48.3 48.3 50.5 na na

Spain kt 28.5 28.0 22.9 22.9 23.0 23.0 na

Sudan kt 54.7 55.0 56.0 56.0 56.2 56.1 na

Syria kt 33.5 21.1 22.0 19.9 20.4 20.2 na

Turkey kt 44.2 46.6 51.2 51.2 51.9 51.8 na

United Kingdom kt 32.0 32.0 34.0 34.0 31.5 29.3 na

United States kt 15.8 15.1 14.1 13.9 13.8 13.8 na

Uruguay kt 34.3 32.5 33.7 33.7 32.8 na na

Other producers kt 171 167 210 212 214 210 na

World kt 2,065 2,057 2,068 2,115 2,117 2,128 2,094

Wool type

Fine wool (≤24.5μm) kt 396 390 401 415 414 416 na

Medium wool (24.6–32.5μm) kt 254 231 250 259 260 268 na

Coarse wool (>32.5μm) kt 477 497 483 489 481 476 na

World kt 1,128 1,135 1,163 1,155 1,160 1,155 1,154

a Includes Manchuria, Sinkiang and Tibet. b Excluding Lesotho and Namibia. s ABARES estimate.

Sources: ABARES; Beef + Lamb New Zealand, Wellington; Uruguayan Wool Secretariat; Cape Wools, Port Elizabeth;

Argentine Wool Board; International Wool Textile Organisation, Market Information, London; Chinese Statistical Year Book

Greasy

Country or region

Clean

TABLE 23.8 World wool production, by country and type

228

Wool


New South

Australia Zealand Argentina b Uruguay c Africa Total

kt kt kt kt kt kt1982–83 653 378 108 90.7 78.0 1,3081983–84 674 360 127 90.8 103 1,3551984–85 750 374 115 61.5 100 1,4011985–86 847 337 115 86.6 84.0 1,4701986–87 935 364 138 101 81.0 1,6191987–88 925 331 116 90.9 80.0 1,5431988–89 878 329 85.0 79.5 83.0 1,4541989–90 758 257 104 103 72.0 1,2941990–91 720 253 94.0 107 86.0 1,2601991–92 931 301 81.0 109 89.0 1,5111992–93 868 239 81.0 92.2 66.0 1,3461993–94 912 299 109 115 66.0 1,5011994–95 815 295 90.4 84.2 63.0 1,3471995–96 771 246 77.4 81.9 29.4 1,2051996–97 859 250 83.0 16.6 19.2 1,2281997–98 799 242 24.8 9.0 24.3 1,0991998–99 682 217 24.0 10.1 25.1 9581999–2000 800 226 62.7 57.2 20.5 1,1662000–01 848 220 21.4 12.4 16.9 1,1192001–02 700 199 22.1 9.7 20.7 9522002–03 536 183 23.9 10.1 22.7 7762003–04 505 186 17.6 8.8 25.4 7422004–05 555 179 80.3 37.8 28.8 8812005–06 552 199 12.0 18.8 29.5 8112006–07 576 192 39.7 24.8 32.5 8652007–08 483 184 40.0 25.3 34.7 7672008–09 445 124 28.4 35.3 38.7 6722009–10 428 132 35.9 46.9 44.0 6872010–11 444 124 33.7 44.1 36.7 6822011–12 405 117 23.5 35.6 54.3 6352012–13 437 133 23.7 32.3 37.8 6642013–14 428 127 24.6 41.8 45.2 6672014–15 459 130 26.0 40.2 46.2 7012015–16 417 112 24.3 33.1 46.2 6332016–17 429 na na na 47.4 naa Greasy equivalent. July to June year, unless otherwise stated. Includes raw, semiprocessed and wool on skins. For New Zealand and South Africa, does not include wool exported on skins. b October–September years to 1993–94; July–June years from 1994–95. c October–September years. Sources: Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Trade, Australia, cat. no. 5465.0, Canberra; Banco Central del Uruguay; Cape Wools SA, South Africa; Commonwealth Secretariat, Wool Quarterly, London; Federacion Lanera Argentina, Informe Mensual Estadistico, Buenos Aires; International Wool Textile Organisation, International Wool Textile Overview, London; Ministry of Agriculture, Situation and Outlook for New Zealand Agriculture, Wellington; New Zealand Wool Board, Statistical Handbook, Wellington; Beef + Lamb New Zealand, Wellington; Secretario Uruguayo de la Lana based on Dirección Nacional de Aduanas data; South African Wool Board, Statistical Review of the Wool Season, South Africa; Woolmark, Parkville

TABLE 23.9 Volume of wool exports, by main producing countries a

229

Wool


Unit 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17

19 micron c/kg 1,401 1,447 1,214 1,217 1,242 1,388 1,69020 micron c/kg 1,164 1,353 1,157 1,185 1,203 1,339 1,52121 micron c/kg 1,119 1,321 1,146 1,179 1,194 1,327 1,45022 micron c/kg 1,081 1,267 1,128 1,168 1,176 1,315 1,40623 micron c/kg 1,034 1,201 1,113 1,156 1,155 1,305 1,37624 micron c/kg 925 1,092 1,010 1,086 1,059 1,235 1,35725 micron c/kg 792 949 907 872 964 1,103 1,13130 micron c/kg 500 590 562 627 724 794 590Eastern market indicator c/kg 1,132 1,203 1,035 1,070 1,098 1,256 1,415Western market indicator c/kg 1,092 1,210 1,051 1,080 1,115 1,306 1,452a Clean basis. Micron prices are averages of the Australian Wool Exchange northern and southern region indicators.Source: Australian Wool Exchange, Weekly Wool Market Report, Melbourne

TABLE 23.10 Market prices for Australian wool, by category a

The ‘Biosphere’ Graphic ElementThe biosphere is a key part of the department’s visual identity. Individual biospheres are used to visually describe the diverse nature of the work we do as a department, in Australia and internationally.

Also in this series• Australian commodity statistics 2016• Australian commodity statistics 2015• Australian commodity statistics 2014• Australian commodity statistics 2013• Australian commodity statistics 2012

ABA3168_0917agriculture.gov.au/abares

Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences (ABARES)

Postal address GPO Box 858 Canberra ACT 2601

Switchboard +61 2 6272 3933

Email [email protected]

Web agriculture.gov.au/abares

Agricultural commodity statistics...

Documents

Transcript of Agricultural commodity statistics...