AGLOBALINTRODUCTIONTO BAPTIST CHURCHES

A GLOBAL INTRODUCTION TOBAPTIST CHURCHES

Coinciding with the four hundredth anniversary of the birth of theBaptist movement, this book explores and assesses the cultural sourcesof Baptist beliefs and practices. Although the Baptist movement hasbeen embraced, enriched, and revised by numerous cultural heritages,it has focused on a small group of Anglo exiles in Amsterdam in con-structing its history and identity. Robert E. Johnson seeks to recapturethe varied cultural and theological sources of Baptist tradition and togive voice to the divergent global elements of the movement thathave previously been excluded or marginalized. With an interna-tional communion of more than 110 million persons in more than225,000 congregations, Baptists constitute the world’s largest aggre-gate of evangelical Protestants. This work offers insight into the diver-sity, breadth, and complexity of the cultural influences that continueto shape Baptist identity today.

robert e. johnson is currently Professor of Christian Heritage andAcademic Dean at the Central Baptist Theological Seminary. He hasalso taught at the Faculdade Teologica Batista de Sao Paulo, Brazil,and the Midwestern Baptist Theological Seminary. He is the editorof American Baptist Quarterly and the author of numerous scholarlyarticles.

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-0-521-87781-7 - A Global Introduction to Baptist ChurchesRobert E. JohnsonFrontmatterMore information

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A GLOBAL INTRODUCTIONTO BAPTIST CHURCHES

ROBERT E. JOHNSONCentral Baptist Theological Seminary






cambridge university pressCambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore,

Sao Paulo, Delhi, Dubai, Tokyo, Mexico City

Cambridge University Press32 Avenue of the Americas, New York, ny 10013-2473, usa

www.cambridge.orgInformation on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521701709

C© Robert E. Johnson 2010

This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exceptionand to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,no reproduction of any part may take place without the written

permission of Cambridge University Press.

First published 2010

Printed in the United States of America

A catalog record for this publication is available from the British Library.

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication data

Johnson, Robert E.A global introduction to Baptist churches / Robert E. Johnson.

p. cm. – (Introduction to religion)Includes bibliographical references and index.

isbn 978-0-521-87781-7 (hardback)1. Baptists. I. Title. II. Series.

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Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of urls for externalor third-party Internet Web sites referred to in this publication and does not guarantee that any

content on such Web sites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.






Contents

List of Illustrations page viiAcknowledgments ixList of Important Baptist Organizations xiGlobal Baptist Timeline xv

Introduction 1

part i. foundations 7

1. The Primal Shaping Processes of the Global Baptist Movement 9

part ii. age of emerging baptist denominationaltraditions: global baptist development phase 1,1600–1792 51

2. Seeds for Diversity amid an Early Anglo Prevalence 53

part iii. the frontier age: global baptistdevelopment phase 2, 1792–1890 97

3. Baptists’ Frontier Age in the British Empire 99

4. Baptists’ Frontier Age in the United States 140

5. Baptists’ Frontier Age in Europe, Africa, Asia, and LatinAmerica 185

v






vi Contents

part iv. age of proliferating traditioning sources:global baptist development phase 3, 1890 to present 231

6. Baptists’ Evolving Traditioning Sources in Africa, Asia, andOceania 234

7. Baptists’ Evolving Traditioning Sources in Latin America, theCaribbean, Europe, and Eurasia 285

8. Baptists’ Evolving Traditioning Sources in North America 334

part v. beliefs and practices 385

9. Baptists’ Beliefs and Practices 387

Conclusion: A New Context for Baptist Identity 428

Index 433






Illustrations

1. First Baptist Church in America, organized in Providence, RI,in 1638, under the leadership of Roger Williams. page 92

2. Sandy Creek Baptist, organized in Sandy Creek, NC, in 1755under the leadership of Shubal Stearns and Daniel and MarthaMarshall. 93

3. Bloomsbury Chapel, London, as it appeared in about 1848,noted for its social activism. 100

4. Johann Gerhard Oncken (1800–84), a German Baptist pastorand evangelist who pioneered Baptist work in many parts ofthe European Continent, 1834–84. 101

5. First Chinese Baptist Church, San Francisco, organized in1880, representative of the many ethnically identified Baptistchurches around the globe. 182

6. Singers illustrate the very up-to-date methods and technologiesemployed by many Baptist congregations of India today. 225

7. A women’s choir from Northeast India represents the manytribal traditions and long history of Baptists in India, Nepal,Myanmar, and Thailand. 225

8. U Naw Baptist Church, Yangon, Burma’s first Baptist churchorganized by Adoniram and Ann Judson in 1816. 226

9. First Baptist Church, Mawlamyine, Burma, organized by theJudsons in 1827. 226

10. Ann Hasseltine Judson (1789–1826) and Adoniram Judson Sr.(1788–1850), the pioneer American Baptist missionaries toBurma. 227

11. The Maitrichit Chinese Baptist Church organized in 1837 inBangkok, Thailand. 228

12. Matondo gathering at Kinkosi, Democratic Republic ofCongo, in 1928 – on this occasion, 228 persons were baptized. 282

vii






viii Illustrations

13. Lott Carey (1780–1829), born into slavery in the United States,earned his freedom and established Liberia’s first BaptistChurch in 1822. 282

14. William L. Judd and the Haitian Baptist leader LuciusHipolite in 1847, a work sponsored by the Baptist FreeMission Society. 328

15. Cuban Baptist Pastors during a Baptist convention held inBaracoa, Cuba. 329

16. Worship at the Central Baptist Church, Moscow, 1989. 33017. Baptist Church of Bucha, near Kiev, Ukraine. 33118. Nannie H. Burroughs, corresponding secretary for the

Women’s Auxiliary of the National Baptist Convention. 37819. Helen Barrett Montgomery, advocate for women’s education,

a New Testament translator, president of the Woman’sAmerican Baptist Foreign Mission Society, and president ofthe Northern Baptist Convention. 379

20. Kowloon City Baptist Church in Hong Kong. 42621. Pleasant Valley Baptist Church near Kansas City, Missouri.

These churches are illustrative of the megachurch trend in theBaptist movement. By 2010, Kowloon City had more thantwelve thousand members and Pleasant Valley more than eightthousand. Both churches have shopping-mall-sized campuses. 426






Acknowledgments

I began my faith pilgrimage in a relatively small Baptist church in theeastern United States, a religious context quite misunderstood and oftenbelittled in today’s Western culture (and usually with justifiable cause).Little did I know during my formative years the importance this seeminglyinsignificant faith community would have in shaping my character overthe long term. Not only did I gain my earliest spiritual and theologicalformation through that church; I also formed my very first peer friend-ships, learned important lessons about communicating across generationalbarriers, gave my first public addresses amid the plaudits of encouragingcommunity leaders, grew into an awareness of my social justice responsibil-ities, and began to develop my own sense of vocation. Moreover, growingup in that church community confronted me with my need to embracea more enduring set of values than the ones to which I initially had beenattracted. That fellowship of saints helped me begin the exploration of whoI am as an individual in community and taught me to value education,hard work, and a larger perspective of the world. It was not then, nor isit today, an elite or politically powerful congregation, but I am obliged tothat community of the faithful for the foundations it gave me for life.

Because hundreds of other churches like that one had valued educationand had united in 1830 to establish a college, I was able to continue myintellectual and spiritual journey of formation at a widely known East Coastuniversity. There my horizons were further broadened, my curiosity wassharpened and deepened, and my desire to serve God and humanity washeightened. The vision of still other churches and church leaders enabledme to do graduate studies, providing me with the knowledge, skills, andcredentials needed to enter my life’s vocation of scholarship and education.I owe an incredible debt to both a wonderful ecclesiastical heritage and tomore people than I will ever know personally, many of whom were and arenot Baptists.

ix






x Acknowledgments

I must express gratitude, however, to a few of the people I do know fortheir assistance in making this project possible. First, I want to acknowledgeAndy Beck, my initial editor at Cambridge University Press, who assistedme in designing, refining, and launching this project. Then I affirm myappreciation to Jason Przybylski and Emily Spangler of Cambridge Uni-versity Press and to Larry Fox, Peter Katsirubas, and Katherine Faydashfor later phases in reading, editing, and producing this book. There alsowere anonymous scholars who evaluated the initial manuscript and offeredvaluable feedback for improvements that have been incorporated into thefinished product. This project could never have been completed withoutthe skilled assistance of these and countless other persons.

In addition, I wish to acknowledge the support of Rev. Dr. Molly Mar-shall, president of Central Baptist Theological Seminary, for allowing methe time needed to research and write this book. I am also indebted tomy faculty colleagues, many of whom read portions of the manuscriptand offered valuable suggestions for improvement. Special appreciation isoffered to Dr. Deborah Van Broekhoven, executive director of the AmericanBaptist Historical Archives, now located at Mercer University in Atlanta,Georgia, and to the library staff of Central Baptist Theological Seminaryfor their assistance in locating and obtaining resources and graphics essen-tial to the research and illustrating of this book. I am grateful to many otherpersons who contributed graphics and photographs besides the ones thatwere finally selected for inclusion in this volume; among them were LauraWillis, Jeff Faggart, John Carter, Ben Chan, and Francisco Litardo. I amappreciative also of the lifework and scholarship of a host of educators andhistorians of Baptist heritage who have been formative in my understand-ing, including Edwin Gaustad, Leon McBeth, William Brackney, AlbertWardin, Bill Leonard, Richard Pierard, and many other like-minded schol-ars, women and men, Anglo, African, Native, and Asian, some who havelong ago passed from this life but whose work continues to influence mythinking today.

Finally, I wish to voice the gratitude I hold for my wife, Rebecca, andfor her faithful support and encouragement during the lengthy processrequired to research, write, and edit this manuscript. She sacrificed manyholidays, special events, and evenings together as her contribution to theproject. For all this and much more I am affectionately grateful.






Important Baptist Organizations

ABA American Baptist Association (United States)ABC American Baptist Convention (American Baptist, United

States)ABC-USA American Baptist Churches in the USAABES American Baptist Education Society (United States)ABFMS American Baptist Free Mission Society (United States)ABHMS American Baptist Home Mission Society (United States)ABMS African Baptist Missionary Society (United States)ABMU American Baptist Missionary Union (United States)ABPS American Baptist Publication Society (United States)AIC African Indigenous Churches (Africa)AUCECB All-Union Council of Evangelical Christians-Baptists

(Russia)BBFI Baptist Bible Fellowship InternationalBEM Baptism, Eucharist, and MinistryBGC Baptist General Conference (United States)BGAV Baptist General Association of Virginia (United States)BGCT Baptist General Convention of Texas (United States)BMA Baptist Missionary Association (United States)BMS Baptist Missionary Society (England)BUS Baptist Union of Scotland (United Kingdom)BWA Baptist World Alliance (global)BWM Baptist World Mission (Conservative Baptists, United

States)BZM Baptist Zenana Mission (India)CBA Conservative Baptist Association of America (United

States)CBB Brazilian Baptist Convention (Convencao Batista

Brasileira)CBF Cooperative Baptist Fellowship (United States)

xi






xii Important Baptist Organizations

CBFMS Conservative Baptist Foreign Mission Society (UnitedStates)

CBM Canadian Baptist Ministries (Canada)CBM Convencion Bautista Mexicana (Texas, United States)CBNB National Baptists (Convencao Batista Nacional do Brasil)CCT Church of Christ of Thailand (Thailand)CEREA Centre de Regroupement Africain (Congo)CNBM National Convention of Mexico (Mexico)FBFA Fundamentalist Baptist Fellowship of America (United

States)HBCT Hispanic Baptist Convention of Texas (United States)HMB Home Mission Board (Southern Baptist, United States)FCBC Free Christian Baptist Conference (Canada)FMBNBC Foreign Mission Board (National Baptist, Inc., United

States)FMBSBC Foreign Mission Board (Southern Baptist, United States)FWBES Free Will Baptist Education Society (United States)GARB General Association of Regular Baptists (United States)GCSDBC General Conference of Seventh Day Baptist Churches

(United States)IBFI Independent Baptist Fellowship International (United

States)IM International Ministries (ABC-USA)JBU Jamaica Baptist Union (Caribbean)JBMS Jamaican Baptist Missionary Society (Caribbean)JLJ Jacob, Lathrop, Jessey Separatist Church (London)NAFWB National Association of Free Will Baptists (United States)NBC Northern Baptist Convention (American Baptist, United

States)NBCA National Baptist Convention of America (United States)NABC North American Baptist Conference (United States and

Canada)NBCUSA National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc. (United States)NCWW National Committee on Woman’s Work (United States)NM National Ministries (ABC-USA)OFWB Original Free Will Baptists (United States)PNBC Progressive National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc.SBC Southern Baptist Convention (United States)UCBRF Union of Christians-Baptists of the Russian Federation






Important Baptist Organizations xiii

UEFCC Union of Evangelical Free Church Congregations(Germany)

WBF World Baptist Fellowship (United States)WBFMS Woman’s Baptist Foreign Mission Society (United States)WBHMS Woman’s Baptist Home Mission Society (United States)WEIU Woman’s Educational and Industrial Union (United

States)WMU Woman’s Missionary Union (United States)






Global Baptist Timeline

xv






xvi Global Baptist Timeline

1550 1575 1600 1610 1620

James I (Eng.) (1603–1625)

Separatists (Eng.)

Thomas Helwys (1570–1616) (Eng.)John Smyth (fl. 1586–1612)

French rule Great Lakes & Mississippi Valley ca. 153 4–1713

Spanish rule SW regions of USA 1609–1854

New Mayan Empire c. 900–c. 1191;Aztecs est. Mexico City 1327; Cortéz conquers Aztecs 1519;

EU

RO

PE Cul

tura

lT

radi

tion

ing

Sou

rces

Bap

tist

Tra

diti

onin

gS

ourc

es

Elizabeth I (Eng., reigned 1558–1603)

Spitalfields Church org. 1611 (Eng.)

First General Baptist Church 1609 (Eng.)

JLJ Church org. 1616 (Eng.)

Cul

tura

lT

radi

tion

ing

Sou

rces

Bap

tist

Tra

diti

onin

gS

ourc

es

Cul

tura

lT

radi

tion

ing

Sou

rces

Bap

tist

Tra

diti

onin

gS

ourc

es

Cul

tura

lT

radi

tion

ing

Sou

rces

Bap

tist

Tra

diti

onin

gS

ourc

es

Cul

tura

lT

radi

tion

ing

Sou

rces

Bap

tist

Tra

diti

onin

gS

ourc

es

NO

RT

HA

ME

RIC

AA

SIA

LAT

IN A

ME

RIC

A &

C

AR

IBB

EA

NO

CE

AN

IAA

FR

ICA Cul

tura

lT

radi

tion

ing

Sou

rces

Kingdoms of Axum 5th cent. BCE–12th cent. CE; Zimbabwe 500–1700; Ghana 800–1077; Mali 1200–1500; Mandinka 1235–1645; Songhay 1400–1591

Portuguese colonial trade begins early 1500sSlave trade begins in 1520s

Bap

tist

Tra

diti

onin

gS

ourc

es

Indian Nations

Ponce de León claims Florida for Spain 1513 Jamestown Colony 1607 First African slaves arrive 1619

Chibchas (Colombia); Amazon (Brazil); Moche (Peru) | Mayan civiliz. Mexico c. 600 BCE;

Pachacutec est. Incas in Peru 1438; Pizarro conquers Incas 1533; | African slaves to Hispanolia 1501

Native cultures include Cañans (Ecuador); Caral Supe (Peru); Norte Chico (Peru coast); Chavin (Peru);

Major cultures include Afanasievo (Siberia); Ainu (Japan); Angkor (Cambodia/Thai); Champa (Vietnam); Chengbeixi (China); Ottoman (Middle East); Paekche (Korea); Phu Lon (Mekong River);

Phung Nguyen (Vietnam); Qijia (Mongolia); Qinglian'gang (China); Sa Huynh (China); Shilla (Korea)Soan (Pakistan/India); Son Vi (Vietnam); Indus (India/Pakistan)

Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures prior to 56,000 BCE

Cultures of Polynesia, Micronesia, & MelanesiaNew Zealand Maori Culture 500–1300






Global Baptist Timeline xvii

1630 1640 1650 1660

EU

RO

PE

Charles I (Eng.) Cromwellian Commonwealth(1625–1649) First Particular First Scottish

Baptist Church First London & Irish Baptits,Mark Lucar leaves 1630s (Eng.) Confession 1644 1650sJLJ Church overParish Baptism First Welsh Seventh Day Dorothy Hazzard,1633 (Eng.) Baptists 1630s Baptists 1653 (Eng.) Bristol 1660s (Eng.)

NO

RT

H A

ME

RIC

A Plymouth, MA, Colony 1620 (USA)

Newport, RI, Baptist 1641 (USA)First Baptist

Providence, RI, 1638 (USA)

First Baptist Church Boston 1667 (USA)

Obediah Holmeswhipped on Boston Swansee Baptist

Roger Williams Williams’ Common 1651 (USA) Church 1667 (USA)arrives in Boston Bloody Tenent of John Clarke’s1631 (USA) Persecution 1644 Ill Newes from New

(USA) England 1652 (USA)

ASI

A

Portuguesearrive in Goa1510, Canton1517, & Japan 1540s

Dutch gainfootholdin Taiwan 1640

British in Bombay1661

Qing Dynasty1644 (China) Dutch expelled from Taiwan

1662

AF

RIC

A

Char Bouba War Persian Shahdom Songhay Empire conquers1634–1654 gains control of the Mossi 1670s

East AfricanCoast

Kanem-Bornuconquered bySonghay Empire1651–1658

LA

TIN

AM

ER

ICA

&C

AR

IBB

EA

N

British colonize

Cabral claims Brazil forPortugal 1500

Bermuda 1612,

Barbados 1625, French colonize Dutch colonize

Antigua 1632, Dominica 1832, Suriname 1667Santa Fe, NM, Bahamas 1640,

& Jamaica 1655Martinique 1635,

founded 1605(USA)

&Tortuga 1659

OC

EA

NIA

Explorer Abel Tasman visitsAustralia 1642New Zealand 1642,& Fiji 1643






xviii Global Baptist Timeline

1670 1680 1690 1700

EU

RO

PE

Royal Bristol Baptist

Restoration (1660) College org. 1679The Particular Baptist Fund

Venner Rebellion Delaune’s A Plea org. 17171661 (Eng.) for the Non-

Grantham’s Conformists 1683Conventicle Act Christianismus1664 (Eng.) Primitivus 1678 Act of Toleration 1689

NO

RT

H A

ME

RIC

A

Seventh Day Baptist, Newport, RI, 1671 (USA)

Cohansey Baptist Church org. 1690 (USA)

Kittery, ME, Baptist Church 1681

WelshTract Baptist Church, Deleware 1703 (USA)

Cold Spring Baptist Church 1684 (USA) First Baptist Pennepeck Baptist Charleston, SC,Church 1688 1696 (?)

ASI

A

Moghul Empire Treaty of Nertchinsk1526–1858 between Russia &

China 1689

China conquersMongolia 1691

AF

RIC

A

Dutch est.Cape Town 1689(S. Africa)

LAT

IN A

ME

RIC

A&

CA

RIB

BE

AN

Henry Morgan governor of Nijmegen Treaty: Scottish attempt to colonize Darien (Panama)

Jamaica 1673–1688 Spain cedesWestern Hispaniola 1699(modern Haiti) to France 1697

OC

EA

NIA






Global Baptist Timeline xix

1710 1720 1730 1740

EU

RO

PE

English General

Salters’ Hall Skepp’s Divine Baptists of theMeeting 1719 Energy introduces Gen. Association

High Calvinist and Gen. Assembly Brine to Cripplegate Baptist,Tradition 1722 reunite on basis of London, strong advocate of

Six Principles in High Calvinism 1730Hebrews 6:1–2

NO

RT

H A

ME

RIC

A

First Great Awakening begins 1735

Philadelphia Baptist Association 1707 (USA)

Schism among New Light Congregationalists over Baptism 1740s & 1750sPaul Palmer est.

General Baptist George White fieldChurches in NC in Colonies 1740

Baptist Churchin Great Valley

1729–1742(USA)

Philadelphia Confession ofFirst Separate Baptist Faith 1742

formed 1711 Church 1743 (USA)

ASI

A

End of Safavid Nadir Shah raidDynasty 1722 Delhi 1739(Persia)

Chinese gain controlover Tibet 1724

AF

RIC

A

Ibo Kingdom

Sherbo People Kansar Kingdom est. 1732 (Nigeria)United 1717 est. 1724(Sierra Leone) (Guinea)

Yaoundé KingdomLomé Kingdom Douala Kingdom 1741 (Cameroon)est. 1721 ( Togo) est. 1727

(Cameroon)

LA

TIN

AM

ER

ICA

&C

AR

IBB

EA

N

Montevideo est.

1717 Coffee introduced

to Brazil 1727

Viceroyalty of Santa Fe de Bogata est. 1717

OC

EA

NIA






xx Global Baptist Timeline

1750 1760 1770 1780

EU

RO

PE

Ann Dutton Keiss Church org.1740s (Eng.) (Scot.) 1750 Gill's A Body of Andrew Fuller to Kettery

Doctrinal Divinity Baptist Church 1783 (Eng.)1770 (Eng.)

Fuller’s The Gospel Worthy ofNew Connection All Acceptation 1785of General Baptistorg. 1770

NO

RT

H A

ME

RIC

A Indian Baptist Church, RI 1750 (USA)

Sandy Creek Baptist Church 1755 (USA)

Ebenezer Moulton to Nova Scotia 1760 (Can.) Horton Baptist 1765 (Can.)

Black Baptists Henry Cowan [South] Robert Steven [North] (USA), & David

Charleston Baptist Acadians George (USA, Can.)

Assoc. 1751 (USA) expelled 1755(Can.) Kehuckee Assoc.

1765 (USA)Silver Bluff Church 1773 (USA)

Russian rule extend to NW region USA Isaac Eaton’s Warren Assoc. Loyalist Migrations1742–1841 Academy 1756 1767 (USA) 1783–1798 (Can.)

ASI

A

British victoryat Plassey 1757 Konbaung Dynasty Chinese gain control

makes Rangoon capital of Burma 1755

of Xinjiang 1768

AF

RIC

A

Igbira Kingdom First settlement ofest. 1743 Baoule Kingdom freed slaves in(Nigeria) est. 1750 Sierra Leone 1787

(Ivory Coast)Tiv Kingdom est.1748 (Nigeria)

LA

TIN

AM

ER

ICA

&C

AR

IBB

EA

N

Frank Spence, Bahaman Baptists

Brazil Capitalremoved fromSalvador to Riode Janeiro 1763

1780

First Spanish mission inCaliforniaat San Diego est. 1769

Jesuits expelledfrom SpanishAmerica 1767 Viceroyalty of

La Plata est. 1776

OC

EA

NIA

Spain claims Hawaiian Islands 1751

First Englishsettlement in Australia 1788






Global Baptist Timeline xxi

1790 1800 1810 1820

EU

RO

PE

Strict Baptists beginto form

Haldane Baptist UnionCareys to India Revivals 1813 (Eng.)

Baptist Missionary 1793 (Scot.)

Society 1792 (Eng.) Baptist IrishSoc. 1813

NO

RT

H A

ME

RIC

A

First African, Savannah 1779 (USA)

Second Awakening 1795–1830 (USA)

Nova Scotia & New Brunswick Assoc. 1800

Ann & Adoniram Judson 1813 (USA)

Free Will Baptists 1780(USA)

Gen. Conf. of Triennial Conven.Seventh Day Baptists Horton Academy 1814 (USA)

United Baptist Churches 1802 (USA) 1828 (Can.)of Christ in Virginia Free Baptist Church1787 (USA) Harding, Chipman, Nova Scotia

& Dimock (Can.) 1821 (Can.)

ASI

A

First Baptists First Baptists in Judsons in Qajar Dynasty in India 1793 Indonesia Burma 1813est. 1795 (Persia) 1813–1857

Krishna Pal, firstBaptist of India 1800

AF

RIC

A

David George, Sierra Lott Carey, Liberian Baptist immigrantsLeone Baptists, 1792 Baptists, 1822 to Grahamstown

1823 (S. Africa)

British seize Cape Colony 1806

LA

TIN

AM

ER

ICA

&

CA

RIB

BE

AN

George Leile, First Bethel Baptist, Baptists in Trinidad

Jamaican Baptists 1791 Bahamas 1790 1816

Amos Williams, Bahamas Baptists in Haiti1788 1823

BMS in Jamaica1814

OC

EA

NIA Whale hunters Unification of

est. settlements Hawaii 1795in New Zealand1790s






xxii Global Baptist Timeline

1830 1840 1850 1860

EU

RO

PE

Union of Assoc. Churches Baptized Christians in Germany & Denmark, 1849

Memel Baptist C.H. Spurgeon,Britain outlaws slavery 1833 Church 1841 (Lith.) Metropolitan

Tabernacle (Eng.)Johann G. Oncken becomes Frederik NilssonBaptist 1834 (Ger.) exiled from Sweden Dublin Revival 1859

Swedish Baptists, 1851First Danish Baptists 1830s A.P. Foster 1848 Finland Baptists

1856Norwegian Baptists1860

NO

RT

H A

ME

RIC

A Primitive Baptist Churches (USA)

Trail of Tears 1838 Southern Baptist Conven. 1845 (USA)

African Baptist Assoc. 1853 (Can.)

Landmark Baptists (USA) AmherstburgAssoc. 1841 (Can.) N. American Baptist First Chinese Baptist

General Baptists in Midwest Conf. 1851 (USA) Sacramento, 1860 1824 (USA) Free Baptists (USA)

1841 (Can.) Baptist General Grant’s IndianRichard Preston to American Indian Conf. America 1856 “Peace Policy” Nova Scotia 1816 Mission 1842 (USA) (USA) 1869 (USA)

ASI

A

Assam Baptists 1830s (Ind.) Burmese Bible1840

Elizabeth Sale, Meghalaya Bapt.Zenana Mission 1860s (Ind.)

Telugu Baptists 1836 (Ind.) Karen Baptist 1854 (India)1852 (Myan.) Myanmar Baptist

Maitrichit Chinese Baptist Baptist Assoc. of Conv. 1865Church, Bangkok 1837 First Chinese Assam 1851 (Ind.)

Baptists 1840s

AF

RIC

A

Baptists on Island Telugu Baptist presence (India) in

German Baptist immigrants to S. Africa 1858–1861

Fernando Po, 1841S. Africa

Cameroon Baptist Carl GutscheChurch 1849 sent by German

Mission to Nigerian Baptist 1853 S. Africa 1867

LA

TIN

AM

ER

ICA

&C

AR

IBB

EA

N

Sharper Morris, Turks & Caicos 1830 Jamaican Baptist

Mission Soc. 1842Jamaican Baptist Union 1849

Baptists in Mexico 1864

Baptists in Dominican Republic 1843

Calabar TheologicalCollege 1843(Jamaica)

OC

EA

NIA

Tasmania First Aboriginal Baptist 1848 (Austr.)

Austr. BaptistJohn McKaeg Baptists 1835 Mission Soc. 18631832 (Austr.) (Austr.)

Baptist UnionsBaptists in Victoria 1862,

Bathurst St. Nelson, NZ, S. Austr. 1863, &Sydney 1836 1851 New S. Wales(Austr.) 1868 (Austr.)






Global Baptist Timeline xxiii

1870 1880 1890 1900

EU

RO

PE

Baptists in St. Petersburg 1855, Poland 1860s, Ukraine 1864

Baptist Union Wales, 1866 Scottish Baptist Union 1869

Marianne Hearn, Merger of Generalhymn writer (Eng.) Union of Baptist & Particular Baptists

Churches of Russia 1887

1891 (Eng.)Tbilisi Baptist Church 1880 (Georgia)

Baptist UnionNorwegian Baptist Union 1877 Austria-Hungary Ireland 1895

Bulgarian Baptists Assoc. of Baptists Estonian BaptistLatvian Baptist Union 1879 1880 1885 Union 1896

NO

RT

H A

ME

RIC

A

Lucinda Williams, Dallas 1868

Baptist Convention Manitoba & Northwest Terr. 1884 (Can.)

Baptist Convention Ontario & Quebec 1888 (Can.)

Bacone College

Hannah Morris 1870 (Can.) 1880 (USA)

General Assoc. of WMU of SBC 1888General Baptists 1870 (USA) First Chinese Baptist Primera Iglesia

San Francisco Bautista Mexicana, National BaptistWomen’s Baptist Foreign 1880 (USA) San Antonio 1887 ConventionMission Soc. 1871 (USA) (USA) 1895 (USA)

ASI

A

Naga Baptists 1870s (Ind.) Baptist Church of Mizoram 1903Garo Baptist Conv.

First Baptists in Japan 1873 1890 (Bang.)

First Baptist Tokyo 1876 Samacesam ofTelugu BaptistChurches 1897

AF

RIC

A

Ogbomosho Baptist 1874 (Nig.)

ABMU assumes Congo Pentecost S. African Baptist Mission Soc. 1892Livingstone Miss. 1886

Xhosa Baptist 1876 (S. Africa)

work 1884 (Congo)First Congo Baptist Baptists in Malawi

Baptist Union S. Africa 1877

Church 1887 1892Afrikaanse Baptiste

Baptists in Democ. Republic Kerk 1886 (S. Africa)

Coloured Baptists, Baptist in Zambiaof Congo 1878 1888 (S. Africa) 1905

LA

TIN

AM

ER

ICA

&C

AR

IBB

EA

N

Baptists in Argentina 1881

Baptists in Chile 1892Baptists in Brazil, 1871 Bahamas Baptist

Union 1892

First Baptist Church, Bahia 1882 German Baptists

in Brazil 1893 Convention of theCuban Baptists 1886 Baptist Churches of

Puerto Rico 1902

OC

EA

NIA

Baptist Union Maori Whitley College,Canterbury New Zealand Baptists 1880s Melbourne 1891Assoc., NZ, 18821873 J.H. Cole

Baptist Union New Zealand Perth BaptistsBaptist Union Tasmania Baptist Mission 1895 (Austr.)Queensland, 1884 Soc. 18851877 (Austr.) Baptist Union

West. Austr. 1896






xxiv Global Baptist Timeline

1910 1920 1930 1940

EU

RO

PE

Finnish Baptist Union 1904 Baptist Union of Convenção BaptistRomania 1919 Portuguesa 1920 Bund der Baptisten-

Baptist World Alliance 1905 Gemeinden 1924Baptist Unity of Union of Christian (Swit.)

Union of Bulgarian Baptist Brethren 1919(Czch.)

Baptists 1922 (Pol.)Churches 1908 Unión EvangélicaFederation of Evangelical Baptist Union of Lithuanian Baptist Bautista EspañolaBaptists 1911 (Fra) Hungary 1920 Union 1923 1929

NO

RT

H A

ME

RIC

A Lott-Carey Convention 1897 (USA)

National Baptist Conv. of America 1915

Fundamentalist Baptist Fellowship 1920 & 1965 (USA)

Baptist Federationof Canada 1944

First Japanese Baptists Seattle,1899 (USA) American Baptist Conservative BaptistNorthern Baptist Convention Assoc. 1924 (USA) National Assoc. of Foreign Mission1907 (USA) Iowa Indian Baptist Free Will Baptists Society 1943Convención Bautista Church 1924 1932 (USA) Conservative BaptistMexicana 1910 Baptist Faith & Churches 1947Matthews Controv. 1910 (Can.) Message 1925 (SBC)

World Baptist Fellowship 1932

ASI

A

Bangladesh Baptist Bengal Baptist Japanese BaptistFellowship 1920 Union 1935 (Ind.) Convention 1947

Assam Baptist Convention1914 (Ind.) Conv. Philippines Nagaland Baptist Baptist Union of

Baptist Chur. 1935 Council 1937 (Ind.) North India 1948

Ceylon Baptist Baptist Convention Korean BaptistCouncil 1935 of Hong Kong 1938 Convention 1949

AF

RIC

A

Seventh Day Baptists, Baptists in Ivory Convenção Baptista

S. Africa 1906 Coast 1927 de Angola 1940Baptists in Ghana 1918 Baptists in

Zimbabwe 1920Union of Baptist African BaptistChurches Burundi Assembly of

Nigerian Baptist Conv. 1919 1928 Malawi 1945Baptists in

Églises Baptistes de la Mazambique 1921 Malagasy Baptist Communauté BaptistaRépublique Centrafricaine 1920 Association 1932 du Zaire Ouest 1946

LA

TIN

AM

ER

ICA

&C

AR

IBB

EA

N

Asociación Bautista de El Salvador 1934

Bahamas National Baptist Missionary & Edu. Conv. 1935

Convención Bautista Libre de Cuba 1943

Convención Bautista de Cuba Occidental 1905

Unión Bautista Église BaptisteConvención Bautista de Convención Boliviana 1936 IndépendanteCuba Oriental 1905 Bautista de Chile 1946

1908 ConvenciónConvenção Batista Brasileira Bautista de Convención Batista 1907 Nicaragua 1937 de Guatamala 1946

OC

EA

NIA

General Baptists in Baptist Union Baptists in Guam 1911 Australia Northern Mariana Baptists in

1926 Islands 1947 Papua New Guinea1949






Global Baptist Timeline xxv

1950 1960 1970 1980

EU

RO

PE

Union of Baptist Churches in Austria 1953

Federación de Igl. Evangel. Independ. de España 1957

Assoc. of Returned First Baptists of Evangelical-Christ. Njardvik 1984Baptist 1978 (Ger.) (Iceland)

Assoc. de Igrejas BatistasPortugueses 1955 Union of Evangel.

Christians-Baptists Union of Baptism-Unione Cristiana Evangelica 1979 (Rus.) Minded Congreg.Battista d'Italia 1956 1989 (Ger.)

NO

RT

H A

ME

RIC

A No. Baptists becomes American Baptist Conv. 1950 (USA)

Original Free Will Baptists 1961

American Baptist Conv. Becomes ABC-USA 1972

Alliance of Baptists1987 (USA)

Baptist Woman’s Miss. Society ProgressiveOntario & Quebec 1951 National Baptist

Conv. 1961 (USA) Independent Baptist National Miss.Baptist Missionary Assoc. 1950 Fellowship Baptist Convention

of America 1988 Baptist Women in International 1984Ministry 1985

ASI

A

Northeast Council of Baptist Thailand Karen Gabungan Gereja NW India Bapt.Churches 1950 (NE India) Baptist Conv. 1955 Bap. Indonesia 1971 Assoc. 1977

Conv. Indonesian Baptist 1951 Bangladesh Baptist Sri Lanka Baptist Singh EvangelicalSanfha 1956 Sangamaya 1974 Baptist Association

Malaysia Baptist Conv. 1953 1980 (Pak.)Chinese Baptist Conv. Japan Baptist Union Singapore Baptist Baptist Conv.1954 (Taiwan) 1958 Convention 1975 Syria 1983

AF

RIC

A

Ghana Baptist Convention 1947 Union de Églises Baptist Convention Baptist Conv.Baptistes du Rwanda of Kenya 1971 of Sierra Leone 1974

Union des Églises Baptistes du 1962Cameroon 1952 Igreja União Baptist Baptist Convention

of Tanzania 1971Baptist Union of

1968 (Mozam.) Zambia 1976Baptist Evangelical Assoc.Ethiopia 1961 Baptist Conv. of Baptist Union of Baptist Conv.

Malawi 1970 Uganda 1974 of Namibia 1984

LA

TIN

AM

ER

ICA

&C

AR

IBB

EA

N

Convención Batista de Costa Rica 1947

Convenção Batista Nacional do Brasil 1967

Convención Bautista Hondureña 1958

Barbados Baptist Conv. 1974

Convención Nacional Bautista de Venezuela 1951 Convención Bautista Dominican National Antigua BaptistConvención Nacional Bautista de Panama 1959 Baptist Conv. 1968 Assoc. 1980Colombiana 1952Convención Bautista Conv. Baptiste Convención Bautista Bermuda BaptistParaguay 1956 de Haiti 1964 del Ecuador 1972 Fellowship 1981

OC

EA

NIA

Marianas Assoc. of General Fiji BapitstBaptists 1962 (Guam) Mission 1973 Baptists in Samoa

1976 Baptist Union ofBaptists in Solomon Islands Seventh Day

Baptists 1975 Queensland (Austr.)

Papua New1969 Guinea 1977Baptist Bible College, Kwinkia 1969 (Papua New Guinea)






xxvi Global Baptist Timeline

1990 2000 2010

EU

RO

PE

Union of Evangelical Union EvangelicalChristians-Baptists 1990 (Bela.) Christians-Baptists

Central Asia 1992Union of Evangelical Christians-Baptists 1990 (Georgia) Union Evangelical

Christians-BaptistsUnion of Evangelical Ukraine 1992Christians-Baptist 1991 (Moldov.)

NO

RT

H A

ME

RIC

A

Cooperative Baptist Fellowship Canadian Baptist

1990 (USA) Ministries 1995

American Baptist Women’sMinistries 1990

New BaptistCovenant 2008

ASI

A

Nepal Baptist ChurchCouncil 1993 Baptist Convention in

Vietnam 1989 Samevesam TeluguBaptist factionsreconstitute theBaptist Conventionof Telugu BaptistChurches 2007 (Ind.)

AF

RIC

A

Baptists in Guinea 1988Baptists in Guinea-

Convention Baptiste du Togo Bissau 19931988

Bras Panon Baptists 1989 (Réunion)

LA

TIN

AM

ER

ICA

&C

AR

IBB

EA

N

Union Nacional de Iglesias Bautistas de Costa Rica 1981Granada Baptist

Assoc. 1981

United BaptistAsociación Nacional Organization ofde los Bautistas Libres Suriname 19811986 (Uruguay)St. Vincent Baptist Fraternidad de IglesiasConvention 1987 Bautistas de Cuba 1989

OC

EA

NIA

Dame V. Boyd becomes firstwoman president of theNew Zealand Baptist Union1984

Fiji Baptist Conventionorg. 1987






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