Aging, Brain Injury, & The Human Experience · Oxygen usage makes free radicals. Free radicals age...

Welcome:

I‟ve designed this class to be education, interesting,

and applicable to your personal life, your family‟s

health, and your patients.

This presentation has a lot of concepts, simplified,

concentrated, easy to get and practical to you.

My hope is you‟ll come take one of my physical

courses and learn this information from a different

angle. Until that time please give me your feedback

so I can continue to improve on this topic.

Thank you

Mark Algee D.C.

805-256-0701

[email protected]

Aging, Brain Injury, & The Human ExperienceA On-Line Course

The following concepts we‟ll explore thru this presentation. Well look at each idea and

its value to you and your patients, they‟re not in a particular order, but each concept,

independent of one another, has practical applications.

1. Minimize injuries to your brain and body; your youth will not last forever.

2. Stimulate your brain and body. They‟re linked.

3. Chiropractic stimulates the nervous system.

4. Deliver a constant supply of glucose and oxygen to maximize ATP production.

5. Exercise 4 times a week; walking is excellent.

6. All sugars i.e. Glucose, Fructose, Sucrose, Maltose, are toxic and age you.

7. Inflammation ages you. Keep it low.

8. Stress ages you. Keep it low.

9. Don‟t stress out on being young, it‟ll stress you out.

General concepts to maximize the

Human Experience

Your brain will age. MRI studies of patients over a lifetime show that the brains of

healthy adults shrink. That means brains age. For all of us. Neurons die and we

lose function. You cannot escape this. Our short term memory capacity will

decreases with time and our reaction times will deminish. It‟s a slow, gradual, and

constant in our lives.

(I‟ve heard it beats the alternative.)

1. Minimize injuries to your brain and body;

your youth will not last forever.



The brain is made up of individual neurons. These neurons communicate with one

another using neurotransmitters. The health of these individual neurons, their

metabolic capacity, and their ability to communicate with other neurons increases

brain performance. The collection of these individual neurons make up our brain

and give rise to consciousness.

All cells have mitochondria inside them which makes ATP (Except red blood cells).

The mitochondria is called the powerhouse of the cell. It produces ATP. Adenosine

Triphosphate (ATP) gives us the energy to think, move, breath, digest our food,

repair our bodies, and live our lives. Neurons need massive amounts of ATP to

function. Unlike other cells, neurons can conduct electricity, communicate with

other neurons, muscles, organs, and transmit information over long distances. ATP

is necessary to make all this happen.



To make ATP you need glucose, oxygen, stimulation, and cofactors, and preferably,

an uninhibited electron transport chain. Oxygen usage makes free radicals. Free

radicals age neurons, the skin, and all internal organs. Our lifestyle can accelerate

aging. ATP is a short-term energy-storage compound. Fat is our long term energy

storage compound.

(Below; two different ways to look at ATP)



2ATP

34

ATP

2ATP

Vitamin/Mineral

Deficiency

Low O2

Cytokines

Decreases in ATP will cause fatigue in your body and brain. This is a mitochondria

that is functioning properly and making the 34 ATP molecules possible thru the

electron transport chain. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins in the

cistern of the mitochondria that transports electrons to make ATP synthase work

generating 34 ATP molecules.

Cytokines and the Electron Transport Chain

Free radicals damage our DNA. When the DNA inside our cells is damaged, normal

proteins that the cell produce may become abnormal. This can contribute to

cancer, heart disease, dementia, cognitive and physical decline. Anti-oxidants

suppress free radicals. Anti-oxidants are vitamins and minerals that can „donate‟

an electron to the free radical, reducing its damaging impacts upon our DNA. Herbs

like boswella, turmeric, and fish oil can reduce inflammation.



1) What biological activities contribute to aging?

a. Breathing

b. Running

c. Life

d. All of the above

2) What biological processes cause aging?

a. Free radicals

b. Anti-oxidants

c. Both A & B

3) What nutritional supplements can one use to decrease the negative impact of aging?

a. Fish oils

b. Boswella

c. Anti-oxidants

d. All of the above

4) How do anti-oxidants minimize the damage free

radicals do?

a. By accepting an electron

b. By donating an electron

c. By causing additional DNA damage

5) Oxygen usage makes what that damages DNA?

a. Free radicals

b. Free Agents

c. Free Ozone

6) The Krebs‟s cycle donates electrons to what?

a. The pantothenic acid pathway

b. The glycolytic pathway

c. The electric transport chain

7) What is the electron transport chain?

a. An oxygen chain.

b. Proteins in the mitochondria membrane that transport electrons

c. Fats in the Krebs cycle.

Most of us know that alcohol and drugs can damage and accelerate the death of

neurons. Current research shows that alcohol may not directly damage neurons as

we once believed. Alcohol seems to inhibit the dendrites ability to communicate

with other neurons. This inability for your brain cells to communicate may hinder

stimulation indirectly damaging neurons.



Different drugs work different ways. Some drugs increase the release of certain

neurotransmitters, like dopamine. Others inhibit the reuptake of

neurotransmitters. If a neuron is over stimulated it may excite the cell to death

causing the release of neurotransmitters such as glutamate. Glutamate excites

other neurons in surrounding tissues potentially over stimulating those neurons.



Most of us know that alcohol and drugs can damage the brain, but do you know

that diabetes, lack of exercise, and lack of mental stimulation can also cause

neurons to prematurely die? Diabetes disrupts glucose delivery inside the neuron

and will negatively impact the ATP production of mitochondria. Neurons need ATP

to operate sodium potassium pumps to keep a healthy resting membrane potential.



Most common food allergies in America are;

Milk

Eggs

Peanuts

Tree nuts (such as almonds, cashews, walnuts)

Fish (such as bass, cod, flounder)

Shellfish (such as crab, lobster, shrimp)

Soy

Wheat

Foods have an impact upon cancer rates, cardiovascular health, and our energy. Both in

terms of blood glucose levels and something called cytokines. Cytokines are messengers of

the immune system. They are produced in response to infections. They can also be

produced in response to certain foods.

To the left are the most common foods in America that Americans have an allergic reaction

too. If these foods are in your product, the FDA requires it to state so on the label. Cytokines

produced in response to food sensitives can decrease ATP production.

(Technically, excessive production of NO induced by cytokines can disrupt cellular energy

balance through the inhibition of mitochondrial respiration.)

Cytokines and the 8 most common allergens in foods

2ATP

34 ATP

2ATP

Vitamin/Mineral

Deficiency

Low O2

Cytokines

Below is an example of what can happen when a person has vitamin/mineral

deficiencies, which inhibits the Krebs' Cycle, or low O2 which happens in anemias.

Cytokines from food sensitivities can inhibit the electron transport chain. In all

examples less ATP will be produced.

Cytokines and the Electron Transport Chain

8) List the substances that are detrimental to brain

function.

a. Street drugs

b. Anti-oxidants

c. Fish oils

9) How does alcohol age the skin?

a. Decreases inflammation

b. Increases inflammation

c. Improves water retention

10) How does exercise affect neurons?

a. Decreases the rate of firing

b. Decreases Glut- 4 transporters

c. Increases Glut-4 transporters and stimulation

11) The main powerhouse of the cell is the?

a. Cytokines

b. Axonal Transport

c. Mitochondria

12) ATP is the short term energy molecule, what is long

term energy storage.

a. Blood

b. Bone

c. Fat

13) Cytokines are what?

a. Messengers of the endocrine system

b. Messengers of the cardiovascular system

c. Messengers of the immune system

14) What individual foods cause the most reactions in USA? Choose

two.

a. Raddish

b. Kale

c. Dairy

d. Wheat

15) How do cytokines decrease energy?

a. The block the Kreb‟s cycle from working

b. They block O2 as the final electron receptor in the electron

transport chain

c. They inhibit the electron transport chain complex

16) What is the final enzyme that attaches a phosphate group to ADP

to make ATP?

a. Phosphatidylcholine Choline

b. ATP Synthase

c. Complex II

17) How does a nutritional deficiency affect the production of ATP?

a. It cannot contribute cofactors to the Krebs Cycle which

diminishes electrons to the electron transport chain

b. Cells of the gastrointestinal tract can‟t repair

c. Liver enzymes are produced in excess

Neurons need ATP to function. If glucose is absent over time this will stress

neurons and cause them to die prematurely. Exercise stimulates the production of

Glut-4 transporters within the neuron (and muscle cells). These transporters allow

neurons to uptake more glucose and create more ATP. Exercise also stimulates

neurons by increasing their rate of excitation and frequency of firing. This

generates proteins inside the nucleus of the neuron called anionic proteins. These

proteins are very important to the health of the neuron.



And neurons need stimulation though thinking and being engaged with problem

solving. The brain needs active stimulation. Passive TV watching produces

Alpha waves, not the intense focused Beta waves needed for concentration.

Active participation in analytical activities such as math, chess, cross word

puzzles, and even social interaction helps keep our brains active.



18) Exercise creates more of what type of Glut transporter?

a. Glut-13

b. Glut-4

c. Glut-5

19) What types of problem solving activities stimulate brain

function?

a. Simple, easy things

b. Complex problem solving

c. Passive listening

20) What are the three things a neuron needs to stay alive?

a. Glucose, O2, stimulation

b. Rest, relaxation, fats

c. Carbs, Gymnema, Cytokines

21) What activities improve brain cognition?

a. A hit to the frontal portion of the head.

b. A blow to the back of the head.

c. Chess

Your muscles will shrink. It‟s a slow, gradual, process that is unavoidable. We use

oxygen for energy. Oxygen usage makes free radicals. Free radicals age us and

neurons die. Neurons innervate muscle cells. When the neuron dies the muscle

innervated by that neuron no longer receives stimulation and it dies. Exercise can

negate some of the negative effects of aging but this is also a biological process.



Your skin will age. We use oxygen for energy and inflammation as a defense

mechanism. Oxygen usage makes free radicals which damages DNA.

Inflammation caused by diet, alcohol, sugar, and a pro inflammatory diet causes

collagen in the skin to weaken. Along with smoking, sun exposure, and dehydration

all contribute to aging skin.



A traumatic brain injury, which is any hit to the head, can cause blunt force

trauma, shearing forces, rupture cell membranes, releasing the neurotransmitter

glutamate which will stimulate NMDA receptors, causing an influx of calcium into

surrounding neurons, and subsequently its death (when calcium inside the neuron

exceeds 20% it dies).

Traumatic Brain Injuries

Studies of patients with a traumatic brain injury demonstrate that the brain loses

some of its ability to communicate with itself properly.


Signs of a TBI

Confusion and disorientation

Difficulty remembering new information

Headache

Blurry vision

Nausea and vomiting

Ringing in the ears

Trouble speaking coherently

Changes in emotions or sleep patterns

Fatigue

Slowness in thinking

Visual disturbances

Memory loss

Poor attention/concentration

Dizziness/loss of balance

Irritability-emotional disturbances

Feelings of depression

Seizures

Loss of smell

Sensitivity to light and sounds

Mood changes

Getting lost or confused


Jim McMahon is a prime example of an athlete who had three know concussions.

Today he speaks about his difficulty with memory, depression, and cognitive issues.

At BYU University, Jim would play baseball, run down the hill, change uniforms and

do football practice. At age 56 he says he hasn‟t run since leaving football, plays a

lot of golf, and sometimes works out. He say, (about working out)

“Just days I can‟t, I can‟t”. Click on right image below.


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Poxqb6Aur-o

There are three different degrees of TBI‟s. Mild, Moderate, Serve. If loss of

consciousness and/or confusion and disorientation is shorter than 30 minutes this

can be classified as mild TBI. A concussion IS a traumatic brain injury.


A moderate head injury is defined as loss of consciousness for between 15

minutes and 6 hours, or a period of post-traumatic amnesia of up to 24 hours.


A severe brain injury is defined as a brain injury resulting in a loss of

consciousness of greater than 6 hours.


Traumatic Brain Injury's are known by other names;

Concussion

Head trauma

Brain injury

Head injury

Closed Head Impact Injury


22) Is our physical youth eternal in this physical world?

a. Yes

b. No

23) Traumatic Brain Injuries are caused by what?

a. Internal forces to the head

b. Strokes

c. Hypoxia events

d. External forces to the head

24) What are the three types of TBI‟s?

a. No good, Bad, Really Bad

b. Mild, Moderate, Severe

c. Fair, adequate, excessive

25) What are the major hallmarks of a TBI?

a. Headaches, inability to concentrate, fogginess

b. Increased focus, clarity of thoughts, better

sleep

c. Increased reaction times, increased ATP

production, improved memory

26) How does a TBI disrupt communication within the

brain? Chose only one.

a. It increases communication of neurons

b. Damage to the white matter of neurons thru

shearing forces

c. The damage to grey cell bodies

27) List physically activities we can do to accelerate

the aging of our brains?

a. Meditating

b. Getting a massage

c. Properly applied Chiropractic Care

d. Full contact boxing

28) Is a concussion a brain injury?

a. Yes

b. No

29) What is the definition of a mild TBI in relation to

time?

a. Being unconscious for 4 hours or more

b. Being unconscious for 30 minutes or less

c. Being unconscious for 2 hours or more

30) How does a brain injury form a stroke differ from that of

a TBI?

a. A stroke is caused by a blockage in blood flow

b. A TBI is caused by hypoxia issues

c. A stroke causes shearing forces upon neurons

31) NMDA receptors are what?

a. N Methyl Dioxin Antagonist

b. N Methyl D Asparate

c. N Membranes D Anions

32) Other names for Traumatic Brain Injury

a. Concussion

b. Head trauma

c. Brain injury

d. All of the above

Neurological concepts of chiropractic

Let‟s take a simplified approach at inputs and outputs that affect our nervous

system. Our brain has two main outputs. 10% of that output is used to control

voluntary movement.

10%

Movement

Outputs

Inputs

90% of our output is used to control our bodies automatic systems (digestion, heart

rate, temperature, sweat glands, heart rhythm, and the like). We‟ve all heard you

only use 10% of your brain. (Does that mean we can remove 90% of your brain and

you‟ll still be normal?) You use 100% of your brain. Protect it at all cost. We also

need to exercise our brain thru movement, exercise, rest, social interaction, and

cognitive stimulation. Complex, problem solving stimulates our neurons and helps

preserve them.

2. Stimulate your brain and body. They’re linked.

90%

Autonomics

Outputs

Inputs

Chiropractic affects the brain and its output.

The correct adjustment delivered within the metabolic capacity of the nervous

system can reduce stress, improve digestion, positively affect the heart‟s rate and

rhythm, vision, hearing, reduce pain, increase, range of motion, improve balance

and coordination. Chiropractic is amazing!!! However, remember, the body is still

aging and all systems in time will work with less efficiency. Other forms of health

care are necessary when the time is appropriate.


10%

Movement

90%

Autonomics

Outputs

Inputs

Chiropractic affects the brain and its output.

On the opposite side of those benefits, the wrong adjustment, or the right

adjustment which exceeds metabolic capacity can have negative affects upon the

brain. We can inhibit digestion, negatively affect the heart‟s rates and rhythm,

decrease vision, decrease hearing, decrease range of motion, and cause

equilibrium instability.


10%

Movement

90%

Autonomics

Outputs

Inputs

Exercise affects the brain and its output.

We need to move. We need to exercise. Our brain cannot be at its peak without

stimulation, glucose uptake (via Glut 4 transporters) and oxygen. Exercise helps

with all of these. Plus the stress reduction affects post exercise are beneficial in

many ways. Weight lifting can be either aerobic or anaerobic depending on how you

train.


10%

Movement

90%

Autonomics

Outputs

Inputs

Massage affects the brain and its output.

Just like chiropractic, massage can have both positive and negative affects upon

the nervous system. Swedish massage has benefits (done on healthy patients)

such as stress relief and stimulates the brain. Deep tissue massage or sports

massage performed on a patient who has a brain imbalance can cause health and

balance problems. Patients who have a brain imbalance will look pale and have

more difficulty with movement after getting off the table.


10%

Movement

90%

Autonomics

Outputs

Inputs

Food affects the brain and its output.

Let food be your medicine.

In the past a diet of 70% carbs, 20% protein, and 10% fat was recommended. Today

with the Paleo movement and with Dr. Atkins prior to that, we have changed the way

we thing about fat, proteins, grass raised beef, organic farming, and foods in

general. Food affects inflammation levels, energy levels and mood.


10%

Movement

90%

Autonomics

Outputs

Inputs

Supplements & Nutrition affects the brain and its output.

Nutrition can make huge changes in a persons health. I‟ve used Wealth of Health,

Biotics, Apex, Standard Process, Twin Labs, Good n Natural, Medi Herb, Country

Life, Solgar…. I worked in a retail nutrition store for 11 years. I was the Student

Standard Process Rep at SCUHS I‟ve seen what nutrition can do and know its

powerful benefits. Remember, we are aging . Supplements help slow down that

process.


10%

Movement

90%

Autonomics

Outputs

Inputs

Aroma therapy affects the brain and its output.

.

Besides smelling great, scents can stimulate the brain. Unlike most other senses,

scent stays on the ipsilateral (same) side. So if you‟re trying to stimulate the right

brain have the patients smell thru the right nostril.


10%

Movement

90%

Autonomics

Outputs

Inputs

Mental Stimulation Chiropractic affects the brain and its output.

.

The brain needs active stimulation. Passive TV watching produces Alpha waves, not

the intense focused Beta waves needed for concentration. Active participation in

analytical activities such as math, chess, cross word puzzles, and even social

interaction helps keep our brains active. The meme “Use it or lose it” doesn‟t just

pertain to muscles. It applies to brain neurons as well.


10%

Movement

90%

Autonomics

Outputs

Inputs

Meditation affects the brain and its output.

.

Meditation has been shown to improve cognitive ability, reduce stress, and

increase dendritic growth. It‟s not only good for your soul, and stress reduction,

its also good for your brain.


10%

Movement

90%

Autonomics

Outputs

Inputs

33) Our brain has how many forms of output?

a. Three

b. One

c. Two

34) 10% of the brains output is for control of autonomics.

a. True

b. False

35) You use 100% of your brain to control muscles

a. True

b. False

36) The brain uses 10% of its output for movement.

a. True

b. False

37) An input is any thing that affects the nervous system?

a. True

b. False

Metabolic Capacity, at its most basic level, is the ability of the neurons to generate

ATP and fire. In a more general approach, lets use an example of a person trying

to run a marathon. In the beginning of training, the untrained runner has not built

up the capacity of the mitochondria to generate ATP. The length of time a new

athlete can train will be low and fatigue will come quickly. The new athlete has low

metabolic capacity and high fatigability. He‟ll need more rest.

Resting

Time

Training & Resting;

Metabolic Capacity & Fatigability

Training

Over time the wise athlete will train a little longer each session gradually increasing

their metabolic capacity. ATP will be generated in greater amounts. Training times

will increase and performance will improve. Nerves and muscles will be able to

perform longer before fatiguing. Metabolic capacity increases, the athlete can train

longer, and the time until the athlete fatigues will be prolonged.

Resting

Time

Training

Training & Resting;

Metabolic Capacity & Fatigability

So let‟s relate this concept of metabolic capacity to chiropractic and the neuron. When we adjust a

joint, we cause the receptors in that joint, the muscles, and tendons to send signals thru neuron

into the nervous system. (Technically, we say neuron but we should say neurons. Its an easier

idea to communicate.)

If the fatigability of the neuron is high and/or the ATP is low, and the adjustment is in excess of the

metabolic capacity, meaning we deplete all the available ATP, then the internal machinery of the

neuron may be insufficient to transport nutrients to generate more ATP. In essence we have

exceeded the metabolic capacity of the neuron.

Image a 45 year old couch potato who‟s motivated after watching a Rambo Movie to get fit. So, he

goes to the local Ultra Boot Camp or Cross Fit and finds a young, motivated, hyper trainer who

does not know the limits of a mature body. The trainer pushes this 45 year old, untrained, injury

prone, individual until they can do no more. What happens the next day? Can our 45 yr old even

move? Is he in better health than the day before training? (This is why they're so many training

injuries in Boot Camps.)


We have „untrained‟ neurons, under stimulated one moment,

then overstimulated the next. A chiropractic adjustment can

exceed the capacity of the neuron, theoretically, injuring it. As

health care practitioners, doing no harm is of paramount

importance. The tell tell signs of exceeding metabolic capacity

after an adjustment is a patient that is dizzy, spacey, or

lightheaded after treatment.

Keeping the adjustment within the metabolic capacity of the neuron will preserve the neuron

and increase its ability to make ATP. It will also allow new dendritic growth to take place.

Think of it as you‟re the neurons personal trainer and you don‟t want to over train your

client. This is the concept of neuroplasticity and our brains ability to restructure itself. This

is why we need to see our patients more than once. We need to „train‟ the neurons properly.

I‟m here for you!!! You CAN DO THIS!!!!


38) What is the single most important indicator that an adjustment was

delivered properly?

a. More clarity

b. Less clarity

c. More pain

39) Exceeding metabolic capacity in relation to the neuron means what?

a. Too little ATP got used

b. Too much fat wasted

c. Too much ATP was consumed

40) Fatigability in relation to the neuron relates to?

a. Frequency of firing

b. Rest

c. ATP production

d. All of the above

41) Over stimulation of the neurons can______?.

a. Injure the neuron.

b. Motivate the neuron.

c. Heal the neuron.

Models, as the ones we construct to explain things, change with the times. Models about health,

the universe, God, partnerships, quantum physics, and politics change. What we believed in the

past may not hold true for today. Our technology changes and we can see things in a new way.

New models are constructed and old ones discarded or updated.

The safety pin below was one of the models in which chiropractic was explained. A subluxation

represented the open safety pin which stopped communication form the brain, down the spinal

cord, and back up to the brain. In the past we believed a pressure on nerve model of chiropractic.

Today we believe in a more thoroughly explained neurological model, overly simplified and shown

below.

Muscles

Joints

Cerebellum

Thalamus

Somasensory Cortex

Parietal Cortex

Motor Cortex

Temporal Lobe

Neurological model of chiropractic

Muscles and Joints send signals via proprioceptors in the joint and muscle stretch

receptors in the muscle (Dynamic nuclear bag, static nuclear bag, nuclear chain, golgi

tendon organs, group Ia afferent neurons, group II afferent neurons) send signal into the

cerebellum via the spinocerebellar tract to the cerebellum. From the cerebellum thru the

dentate nucleus, via the dentatorubrothalamic tract, into the primary somasensory cortex

(Areas3,1,2) Signals travel from this unimodal area to multimodal areas and stimulate

brain function.

Muscles

Joints

Cerebellum

Thalamus

Somasensory Cortex

Parietal Cortex

Motor Cortex

Temporal Lobe


Negating all the fancy names, just remember Doctor, you directly stimulate or

overstimulate brain function with a chiropractic adjustment. Use caution when dealing

with a person‟s nervous system. Over adjusting can exceed the capacity of the neuron.

Looking below, if we have a injured muscle, or a subluxated joint, by default we have

decreased and/or altered input into the nervous system.

Muscles

Joints

Cerebellum

Thalamus

Somasensory Cortex

Parietal Cortex

Motor Cortex

Temporal Lobe


Decreased and/or altered input affects all portions of the brain. Including muscles,

perception, vision, hearing, taste, and touch.

If input is abnormal then output is abnormal.

Pre and post measurement (muscle testing, ROM, smell perception, blind spot mapping,

leg length, grip strength, or Romberg's, heal to toe, finger to nose) will give you an

indicator if your treatment was appropriate.

Muscles

Joints

Cerebellum

Thalamus

Somasensory Cortex

Parietal Cortex

Motor Cortex

Temporal Lobe


DD didn‟t cause a dead nerve to grow.

He improved the brains ability to perceive

sound

If we look into the past at what DD did with Harvey Lillard, maybe DD didn‟t regenerate a

dead nerve, (that would imply the power over creation) or take pressure off a nerve (I‟m

not certain of any nerve that travels from the ear, down the spine, before going back up

to the opposite cortex) maybe he stimulated excitatory input into the brain and allowed

the perception of hearing to take place

Muscles

Joints

Cerebellum

Thalamus

Somasensory Cortex

Parietal Cortex

Motor Cortex

Temporal Lobe


42) Which pathway does the cerebellum uses to communicate with the brain?

a. Spinocerebellar pathway.

b. Dentorubiothalamic pathway.

c. Corticospinal tract.

43) Subluxations can cause?

a. Decreased and/or altered input.

b. Normal input.

44) How does a subluxation impact balance? (Check all that apply)

a. Decreased input to the cerebellum

b. Decreased input into the periaqueductal grey area.

c. Decreased input into the fourth ventricle.

45) Why is the overstimulation of a neuron potentially damaging?

a. Excessive glutamate can damage neurons.

b. Excessive dopamine can damage neurons.

c. Excessive acetylcholine can damage neurons.

46) As chiropractors we can train neurons to perform better.

How?

a. By the continued, proper, input of stimulation via the

adjustment.

b. By neuromuscular facilitation.

c. By balance boards and stability exercises.

d. All of the above.

Blood Stream

56

34

ATP

Insulin

Insulin

Receptor

Glut Transporter

Disruptions in glucose can be deadly to neurons. Diabetes is dangerous because glucose cant get

into the cell via a Glut-4 transporter. Once inside the cell, glucose is broken down into pyruvate

before entering the Krebs cycle to generate ATP. If insulin receptors on the cell surface are

insensitive to insulin, glucose cannot enter the cell causing a decrease in ATP production.

4. Deliver a constant supply of glucose and oxygen to neurons to maximize ATP

production, your energy, and promote neuronal health

Excessive sugars in the blood

cause Advanced Glycation End

products. Also known as

AGE‟s. These things are very

damaging to your health

because they cause an

increase in free radicals.

Consuming excessive sugars will result in the production of Advanced Glycation End products.

Also known as AGE‟s. AGE‟s combine with proteins to increase free radical production. This will

cause oxidative stress which will accelerate damage to the DNA.

AGEs affect nearly every type of cell and molecule in the body and are thought to be one factor in

aging and some age-related chronic diseases. They are also believed to play a causative role in the

vascular complications of diabetes mellitus.

Under certain pathologic conditions, such as oxidative stress due to hyperglycemia in patients

with diabetes, AGEs cause widespread damage to tissues through upregulation of inflammation

and cross-linking of collagen and other proteins.

Glucose and other reducing sugars react with proteins. The formation of advanced glycation end

products on connective tissue and matrix components accounts largely for the increase in collagen

crosslinking that accompanies normal aging and which occurs at an accelerated rate in diabetes,

leading to an increase in arterial stiffness.

AGE‟s, what they are and what they do

5. All sugars i.e. Glucose, Fructose, Sucrose, Maltose, are toxic and age you

47) Excessive sugars are toxic. Why?

a. They get used as energy.

b. They turn into triglycerides.

c. They make advanced glycation end products.

48) AGE are damaging to human health because?

a. They react with proteins and accelerate free radical production.

b. They cause interactions with bones.

c. They cause an increase in water retention.

49) How does diabetes damage the brain?

a. Increases Glut 4 Transporters.

b. Decreases the uptake of glucose into neurons.

c. Decreases Advance Glycation End Products.

Diabetes and Alzheimer's

Growing evidence suggests that there may be a link between diabetes and Alzheimer's

disease, but the physiological mechanisms by which diabetes impacts brain function and

cognition are not fully understood. In a new study published in Aging Cell, researchers at the

Salk Institute for Biological Studies show, for the first time, that diabetes enhances the

development of aging features that may underlie early pathological events in Alzheimer's.

Specifically, the Salk team found increases in two hallmarks of Alzheimer's-accumulations of

amyloid beta (Abeta) and tau protein-in the brains of diabetic mice, especially in cells

surrounding blood vessels.

4. Deliver a constant supply of glucose and oxygen to neurons to maximize ATP

production, your energy, and promote neuronal health

Regardless of the specific reason why, Diabetes

is a dangerous and threating condition to your

brains health. With decreased ATP production

due to a decreased inability of glucose to enter

the cell, ATP production will be diminished,

neuronal communication will be diminished, and

mental fatigue will result in the short term and

Alzheimer's potentially in the long term.

Genes

Our Genes are like a deck of cards that we get dealt in life. We don‟t get to pic those

cards dealt to use from our parents. The lucky ones get a few more face cards, aces, a

king, queen, and a few jacks. The rest of us get an assortment of cards, a few great, a

few not so great. Most of us want to put back the Joker, 2‟s, 3‟s and replace them with

Aces, but that‟s just not how life works.

Genes, Lifestyle, and Identical Twins

Using the Tirade of Health from Applied Kinesiology as a teaching model, it has three

components that make up each leg of the triangle. The Mental, Chemical, and Physical

portions, which each contribute to our lifestyle.

Our lifestyles are both unique and collective. We live different lives, have different

stressors, eat different foods, and work in different industries. However, collectively we

all live in the same „soup‟. The industrial revolution and the constant increase in

technology has greatly make our lives easier. However, the toxic burden that is

negatively affecting our DNA and hormonal make-up are of great concern to the long

term survivability of our species. In 1910 D.D. Palmer wrote, “The determining cause of

disease are traumatism, poison, and auto-suggestion.” If in 2015, we were all so lucky.

Physical

Lifestyle


When our genes and our lifestyle combine, this makes us unique.

All three can either add or de-stress our lives. A happy reunion with friends or a stressful meeting

with our landlord. A nutritional supplement and a healthy meal or exposure to heavy cleaning

solvents. A good workout or a car accident. All items contribute to our lifestyle. The combination of

genes and lifestyle make us unique.

YouGenes

Physical

Lifestyle


Genes + Lifestyle = You

We see this most clearly in twin studies. Two people with the same DNA (deck of cards) but who

live different lifestyles. Different mental experiences, different nutritional intakes and foods, and

different workout routines and accidents.

The twin sisters on the left are 50 lbs different in weight. Look closely at their facial features.

Notice the differences.

The brothers on the right both smoked. The brother on the right smoked an additional 14 years

than his brother on the left. Look at the angulation of their eyes, nose, chins, and skin texture.


7. Inflammation ages you, keep it low.



Look at the twins below. I‟ll let you guess, which one twin likes the sun, likes to smoke, doesn‟t

exercise, or take nutritional supplements. Look at the sheen of the hair, texture of the skin,

wrinkles, and age spots. Our General concepts to maximize the Human Experience listed below

show how our lifestyle impact our genes. Your genes are not 100% you.


7. Inflammation ages you, keep it low.

1. Minimize injuries to your brain and body; your youth will

not last forever.

2. Stimulate your brain and body. They‟re linked.

3. Chiropractic stimulates neurons.

4. Deliver a constant supply of glucose and oxygen to

neurons to maximize ATP production, your energy, and

promote neuronal health


6. All sugars i.e. Glucose, Fructose, Sucrose, Maltose,

are toxic and age you

7. Inflammation ages you, keep it low

8. Stress ages you. keep it low.

9. Don‟t stress out on being young, it‟ll stress you out


50) Inflammation can cause pain. What else can it do?

a. Make us feel good.

b. Accelerate the aging of our skin.

c. Give us more sheen to our hair.

51) Based on this presentation, your genes are 100% determine what you will look like

Chose all that are true based on our presentation

a. 100% True

b. Lifestyle contributes to how my DNA expresses itself

c. Inflammation, smoking, and excessive sugars, also contribute to how I look

52) Lifestyle is made up of many things. Using the Tirade of health from AK as a model,

what three components make up most of our lifestyle?

a. Physical, Chemical, Mental

b. Mental, Chemical, Inflammation Avoidance

c. Psychosomatic, Charkas, Positive Affirmations

Right

Cerebellum

Left

Cortex

IML

Interiomediallateral Cell Column

(Previous name Lateral Horn)

Sympathetic Nervous System(Stress System)

PMRF

Right Joints

Right Muscles

Right

Cortex

Left

Cerebellum

Left Joints

Left Muscles

PMRF

IML



Sympathetic Nervous System

(Stress System)

A technical view of

why you should

check blood pressure

on both sides.

The IML controls the

tone of the arterial

wall. That means it

controls blood

pressure. For those

of you who‟ve done

mechanics in your

life, you‟ll think that

blood pressure

should be the same

throughout the body

because the

circulatory system is

a closed system.

That‟s true in

hydraulics and cars,

but no so in humans.

(Due to elasticity of

blood vessel walls.)

Right

Cerebellum

Left

Cortex

IML




PMRF

Right Joints

Right Muscles

Right

Cortex

Left

Cerebellum

Left Joints

Left Muscles

PMRF

IML



Sympathetic Nervous System

(Stress System)

Increases in cortisol

cause an increase in

IL-6 (interleukin 6).

IL-6 causes your

sympathetic system

to work „better‟. This

is the system that

increases arterial

tone, which causes

and increase in blood

pressure.

We don‟t want all of

our systems to work

at their best all of the

time.

Right

Cerebellum

Left

Cortex

IML




PMRF

Right Joints

Right Muscles

Left

Cerebellum

Left Joints

Left Muscles

In this model of

chiropractic and

blood pressure, right

sided inputs have

impacts on left sided

blood pressure (this

is not the only

reasons for elevated

blood pressure).

Right

Cerebellum

Left

Cortex

IML




PMRF

Right Joints

Right Muscles

Decreased inputs to

right cerebellum due

to subluxations or

muscle injuries

cause decreased

outputs to left cortex.

The left cortex

stimulates the left

PMRF.

The Pontomedullary

Reticular Formation

shuts down the IML

which increases

arterial tone.

Lets state it another

way. The IML is

always wanting to

work at its maximum.

When it works too

well it will increase

the toe of muscles

surrounding the

arterial wall. It needs

to be shut off by a

strong working

PMRF.

53) Checking blood pressure on both sides of the

body is a waste of time.

a. True

b. False

54) Have the Sympathetic Nervous System work

at full output is a good thing.

a. True

b. False

55) Subluxations cause decreased input into the

nervous system.

a. True

b. False

56) The IML is?

a. Interomedioalateral cell column

b. Intermediate locus

c. Internal Medulla Lesion

57) The IML controls what?

a. The adrenal glands

b. Heart rate

c. Blood pressure

d. All of the above

58) Subluxations can impact blood pressure?

a. Yes

b. No

59) The PMRF is what?

a. Pontomedullary Reticular Formation

b. Pacific Missile Range Facility

c. Pupil Medial Rotational Functional Group

60) Where is the PMRF located?

a. Right & Left cortex

b. Right & Left Winkers area

c. Right & Left Midbrain

61) What does the PMRF do?

a. Facilitates the IML

b. Stimulates the IML

c. Inhibits the IML

72

High stress causes high cortisol secretion.

Elevated cortisol

• Inhibits the immune system

• Suppresses youth hormones

• Impacts Inflammatory levels

• Impacts Energy Levels

• Impacts Glucose levels

• Damages the brain

• Damages the skin

• Decreases Telomerase

• Damages hair pigmentation

Cortisol, stress, and its impact upon health

Its estimated that American Presidents age 2 ½

years for every year they‟re in office. That

would mean for eight years in office the

President would age 20 years!!!!! What‟s the

message? Only a person who hates youth

would ever want to be President. Cortisol

damages every major system in the body and

accelerates aging. Some additional effects of

cortisol are

• Anxiety

• Depression

• Digestive problems

• Heart disease

• Sleep problems

• Weight gain

• Memory and concentration impairment

Reviewed by Meri Rafetto, RD, Stephen Cherniske, MS and Gerri French, Rd, MS,

CDE.

©2004 Teeccino Caffé, Inc.

Coffee and Caffeine Increase Chronic Stress

Caffeine intake and coffee consumption increase our experience of stress by stimulating

the release of the stress hormones cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine and the

glucocorticoids. The continuous presence of these hormones not only has a damaging

effect on a number of different physiological

systems, but can also accelerate the aging process. Although short-term stress can be

psychologically motivating and can mobilize physiological processes, the extended

presence of stress-related hormones is detrimental and damaging. When stress

hormones are chronically elevated, which occur as a result of our intense lifestyle as

well as a consequence of ingesting coffee and caffeine, mental concentration is short-

lived as anxiety and feelings of tension increase, while fine motor coordination is

impaired;1 the immune system is suppressed, digestion and elimination are impaired.

Effects of Caffeine and Coffee on Aging

8. Stress ages you. Keep it low. It seems

Coffee may increase our body stress hormones

Reviewed by Meri Rafetto, RD, Stephen Cherniske, MS and Gerri French, Rd, MS,

CDE.


Caffeine Lowers Production of DHEA

Coffee and caffeine also decrease levels of the steroid hormone, dehydroepiandrosterone,

commonly known as DHEA. DHEA seems to have a protective effect on the body and appears to

be involved in defending against the negative effects of aging. Some of the physical and

physiological changes of aging are related to the decline of many hormones including DHEA that

assist in repair of cells and tissues,

enhance cognition and memory, and help maintain the body‟s physiological processes.

5 Caffeine and coffee negatively impact these complex hormonal systems.

The Effect of Caffeine on Cognition in Aging

The specific influence of the aging process on the nervous system and cognitive function is not well

understood. While most sources insist that decline in cognitive function is not a normal part of

aging, others suggest that cognitive efficiency surrounding memory and speed of processing

declines with age, even in healthy individuals.



Effects of Caffeine and Coffee on AgingReviewed by Meri Rafetto, RD, Stephen Cherniske, MS and Gerri French, Rd, MS,

CDE.


The Effects of Chronic Stress on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis

The endocrine, immune and nervous systems are extremely interrelated, and the hypothalamic-

pituitaryadrenal axis is the central focus of these integrated systems which is responsible for

coordinating regulation of hormones. Excessive cortisol release through constant psychosocial

stress or coffee and caffeine intake can lead to adrenal exhaustion or adrenopause, characterized

by a relative excess of cortisol and a corresponding insufficiency of or decline in DHEA. This is

related to a number of clinical

illnesses, including: osteopenia, impairment of cognitive functioning or mood, progression of

coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis, and immune system depletion. Situations where there

is chronic release of cortisol and other corticosteroids by the adrenal glands have been implicated

in neural degeneration and interference with the hippocampus and memory formation.




CDE.


The Relationship between Stress Hormones, Neurotoxicity, and the Brain

The hippocampus is the area of the brain responsible for the formation of new memories as well as

the retrieval of information from memory storage, making it a structure central to the optimal

functioning of the brain and nervous system. The hippocampus is particularly sensitive to the

effects of stress, as it contains a high concentration of corticosteroid receptors. Neurotoxicity

occurs, even after only a few weeks or months of chronic stress, causing high levels of

glucocorticoid release, which can amplify over

an entire lifetime.




CDE.


Coffee and Caffeine Increase the Risk of America’s # 1 Cause for Death

Caffeine intake and coffee consumption further increase risk of developing heart disease and

succumbing to a heart attack. Heart disease is not only the foremost killer of adult Americans;

associated cardiovascular problems can create substantial debility in older adults. Some of the

factors that contribute to developing cardiovascular disease include: high cholesterol, high levels of

homocysteine, elevated blood pressure, abdominal obesity, stress, arrhythmias, low daily fruit and

vegetable consumption, and diabetes.• Caffeine and coffee consumption negatively impact many of these risk factors.

• Coffee raises serum cholesterol.

• Coffee drinking causes increases in serum homocysteine levels.

• Coffee raises blood pressure and increases the incidence of arrhythmias.

• Coffee drinking and caffeine consumption also significantly increases levels of stress hormones, as discussed elsewhere in this

paper. Chronic stress and constant release of excess cortisol (which is affected by caffeine and coffee) produces a more frequent

incidence of abdominal obesity, further increasing heart disease risk.



The hippocampus is a major component of the brains of humans and other mammals. It plays

important roles in the consolidation of information from short-term memory to long-term memory

and spatial navigation. It is a limbic system structure that is particularly important in forming new

memories and connecting emotions and senses, such as smell and sound, to memories. The

hippocampus is a horseshoe shaped paired structure, with one hippocampus located in the left

brain hemisphere and the other in the right hemisphere.

Hippocampus

Cortisol, stress, and its impact upon health

Lower right, here we see the hippocampus on a MRI study showing that it gets smaller

with high stress, due to it being damaged by high levels of cortisol. So ironically, the more

stress you have, the more you damage the hippocampus, and the hippocampus turns off

the cortisol release response.

62) Coffee stimulates the production of stress hormones.

a. True

b. False

63) What brain structure is extremely sensitive to increased glucocorticoids?

a. The cortex

b. The brain Stem

c. The Hippocampus

64) The hippocampus is necessary for?

a. Memory

b. Taste

c. Vision

65) Cortisol damages what?

a. Telomeres, skin, arterial walls, nervous system,

heart, immune system, and brain.

b. Air, wind, and sky.

c. Nothing

Regardless of when you start, improving your health at any age can be of

benefit. This model below shows that you can maximize your health and

minimize the negative effects of aging.

You can increase your health at any age

9. Don’t stress out on being young, it’ll stress you out

Class objectives Completed

1. You‟ve learned something new

2. Remembered something forgotten

3. See something in a different light.

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